Search

In this study, electrolyte materials were synthesized by mixing a highly conducting salt (K2CO3) with the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in different proportions (from 10 to 50 wt.%). The synthesized electrolyte was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) for their functional groups, morphology, thermal stability, glass transition temperature (Tg), ionic conductivity, and potential window, respectively. Characterization results show that the complex formation between PVA and K2CO3 salt has been established by FTIR spectroscopic study, which indicates the detailed interaction between PVA and the salts in PVA-K2CO3 composites while the amorphous nature of the electrolyte after incorporation of the salts has been confirmed by FESEM analysis. Similarly, TGA and DSC analysis revealed that both decomposition temperature and Tg of the synthesized electrolytes decrease with the addition of K2CO3 due to the strong plasticizing effect of the salt. The results confirm that the electrolytes have sufficient thermal stability for supercapacitor operation, as well as an amorphous phase to effectively deliver high ionic conductivity. The highest ionic conductivity of 4.53 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 373 K and potential window of 2.7 V was exhibited by PK30 (30 wt.% K2CO3), which can be considered as high value for solid-state electrolytes which are superior to those electrolytes from PVA salts earlier reported. The results similarly show that the prepared electrolyte is temperature-dependent as conductivity increase with increase in temperature. Based on these properties, it can be imply that the PVA-K2CO3 gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) could be a promising electrolyte candidate for EDLC applications. The results indicate that the PVA-K2CO3 as a new electrolyte material has great potential in practical applications of portable energy-storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, electrolyte materials were synthesized by mixing a highly conducting salt (K2CO3) with the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in different proportions (from 10 to 50 wt.%). The synthesized electrolyte was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) for their functional groups, morphology, thermal stability, glass transition temperature (Tg), ionic conductivity, and potential window, respectively. Characterization results show that the complex formation between PVA and K2CO3 salt has been established by FTIR spectroscopic study, which indicates the detailed interaction between PVA and the salts in PVA-K2CO3 composites while the amorphous nature of the electrolyte after incorporation of the salts has been confirmed by FESEM analysis. Similarly, TGA and DSC analysis revealed that both decomposition temperature and Tg of the synthesized electrolytes decrease with the addition of K2CO3 due to the strong plasticizing effect of the salt. The results confirm that the electrolytes have sufficient thermal stability for supercapacitor operation, as well as an amorphous phase to effectively deliver high ionic conductivity. The highest ionic conductivity of 4.53 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 373 K and potential window of 2.7 V was exhibited by PK30 (30 wt.% K2CO3), which can be considered as high value for solid-state electrolytes which are superior to those electrolytes from PVA salts earlier reported. The results similarly show that the prepared electrolyte is temperature-dependent as conductivity increase with increase in temperature. Based on these properties, it can be imply that the PVA-K2CO3 gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) could be a promising electrolyte candidate for EDLC applications. The results indicate that the PVA-K2CO3 as a new electrolyte material has great potential in practical applications of portable energy-storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic field sensors are becoming an essential part of everyday life due to the improvements in their sensitivities and resolutions, while at the same time they have become compact, smaller in size and economical. In the work presented herein a Lorentz force based CMOS-MEMS magnetic field sensor is designed, fabricated and optically characterized. The sensor is fabricated by using CMOS thin layers and dry post micromachining is used to release the device structure and finally the sensor chip is packaged in DIP. The sensor consists of a shuttle which is designed to resonate in the lateral direction (first mode of resonance). In the presence of an external magnetic field, the Lorentz force actuates the shuttle in the lateral direction and the amplitude of resonance is measured using an optical method. The differential change in the amplitude of the resonating shuttle shows the strength of the external magnetic field. The resonance frequency of the shuttle is determined to be 8164 Hz experimentally and from the resonance curve, the quality factor and damping ratio are obtained. In an open environment, the quality factor and damping ratio are found to be 51.34 and 0.00973 respectively. The sensitivity of the sensor is determined in static mode to be 0.034 µm/mT when a current of 10 mA passes through the shuttle, while it is found to be higher at resonance with a value of 1.35 µm/mT at 8 mA current. Finally, the resolution of the sensor is found to be 370.37 µT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]