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[Objective] This study conducted a multidimensional quantitative evaluation of pilot low-carbon policies to provide a more effective basis for the formulation and optimization of such policies, and help achieve the dual carbon goals. [Methods] Based on the policy text, text mining was used to obtain low-carbon pilot keywords, and then the PMC index model was constructed to conduct a multidimensional quantitative evaluation of 128 pilot low-carbon policies in China. [Results] The results show that: (1) The overall design of pilot low-carbon policies was good, and the average PMC index was 5.69, which belongs to the good level. The average values of the PMC index and policy response strength index showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2018. (2) There were great differences in the design level of different pilot policies, as shown by the standard deviation of PMC index was 1.89. The proportion of non-excellent policies was as high as 57.03%, and there were some prominent problems involving lack of long-term planning, low policy level and effectiveness level, insufficient incentive guarantee, and insufficient attention to science and technology. (3) The average PMC index values of pilot low-carbon policies developed by the central government was higher than that of local policies. Most of the central policies were good, but the response intensity index values of local policies were higher than that of the central policies, and excellent policies were dominated by local policies. Both the policy quality and response intensity index of acceptable policies need to be improved. (4) The average PMC index values of the policies of important pilot cities was higher than that of the whole sample and local policies,because the participants of important pilot city policies were clearer, the policy functions were more perfect, and the incentive guarantee system was more sound. The policies of important pilot cities provide a guidance for other cities to optimize the pilot policies. [Conclusion] In the future, pilot low-carbon policies should be optimized and promoted by clarifying participants, improving policy functions and incentive guarantees, enhancing policy timeliness, and promoting the construction of low-carbon legal system.

Excessive MMP activity may impair tendon-to-bone healing. However, little is known about the effect of joint motion on MMP activity after ACL reconstruction. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different durations of knee immobilization on MMP activity in a mouse ACL reconstruction model using a fluorescent MMP probe which detects MMP 2, 3, 9, and 13 and near-infra red in vivo imaging. Sixty C57BL male mice underwent ACL reconstruction. Post-operatively, the animals were treated with free cage activity (Group 1), or with the use of an external fixator to restrict knee motion and weight bearing for 5 days (Group 2), 14 days (Group 3), and 28 days (Group 4). At days 3, 7, 16, 23, and 30, five mice underwent IVIS imaging. At days 3, 7, 16, and 30, histological analysis was also performed. Probe signal intensity in the whole limb peaked at day 7, followed by a decrease at day 16, and maintenance up to day 30. There was no significant difference among groups at any time point based on IVIS, but histologic localization of MMP probe signal showed significantly less activity in Group 2 and Group 3 compared to Group 4 in the bone tunnel at day 30. We demonstrated that short-term immobilization led to less MMP activity around the bone tunnel compared with prolonged immobilization. A short period of immobilization after ACL reconstruction might enhance graft-bone interface healing by mitigating excess MMP expression. These findings have implications for post-operative rehabilitation protocols following ACL reconstruction. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:325-334, 2019.

IntroductionIt is believed that ovarian cancer (OC) is the most deadly form of gynecological cancer despite its infrequent occurrence, which makes it one of the most salient public health concerns. Clinical and preclinical studies have revealed that intratumoral CD4+ T cells possess cytotoxic capabilities and were capable of directly killing cancer cells. This study aimed to identify the CD4+ conventional T cells-related genes (CD4TGs) with respect to the prognosis in OC.MethodsWe obtained the transcriptome and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. CD4TGs were first identified from single-cell datasets, then univariate Cox regression was used to screen prognosis-related genes, LASSO was conducted to remove genes with coefficient zero, and multivariate Cox regression was used to calculate riskscore and to construct the CD4TGs risk signature. Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA), nomogram, and calibration were made to verify and evaluate the risk signature. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) in risk groups were conducted to explore the tightly correlated pathways with the risk group. The role of riskscore has been further explored in the tumor microenvironment (TME), immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. A risk signature with 11 CD4TGs in OC was finally established in the TCGA database and furtherly validated in several GEO cohorts.ResultsHigh riskscore was significantly associated with a poorer prognosis and proven to be an independent prognostic biomarker by multivariate Cox regression. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year ROC values, DCA curve, nomogram, and calibration results confirmed the excellent prediction power of this model. Compared with the reported risk models, our model showed better performance. The patients were grouped into high-risk and low-risk subgroups according to the riskscore by the median value. The low-risk group patients tended to exhibit a higher immune infiltration, immune-related gene expression and were more sensitive to immunotherapy and chemotherapy.DiscussionCollectively, our findings of the prognostic value of CD4TGs in prognosis and immune response, provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and clinical management of OC.

Background: Animal models that use open surgical transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) do not accurately simulate the clinical condition regarding the pivot-shift mechanism and the associated inflammatory response that occurs before reconstruction. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to characterize a reproducible manual, nonsurgical method to mimic an isolated ACL tear in a clinically relevant model and to evaluate the development of progressive posttraumatic osteoarthritis due to ACL injury. It was hypothesized that the ACL could be reproducibly torn with minimal damage to other ligaments and that there would be progressive development of degenerative joint disease after ACL injury. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 37 mice (strain C57BL/6) were used to compare the manual procedure with sham surgery (sham group; n = 10) and with the established surgical ACL transection (ACLT) procedure (surgical group; n = 27). In the sham group, a closed manual procedure was performed on the right knee and sham surgery on the left knee. In the surgical group, the closed manual procedure was performed on the right knee and surgical ACLT on the left knee. Dissection using India ink, histological assessment with safranin O and hematoxylin-eosin staining, radiological evaluation through radiographs and microfocus computed tomography scans, and gait analyses were performed to assess cartilage/ligament status. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and synovitis scores, anterior tibial translation, range of motion, bone microstructure, osteophyte volume, and pain were assessed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Results: The manual procedure successfully resulted in an ACL rupture and associated meniscal injury. The posterior cruciate, lateral collateral, and medial collateral ligaments were intact in all dissected knees. Two weeks after ACL tear, the surgical group showed a significantly higher synovitis score, whereas 8 weeks after ACL tear, the manual group showed a significantly higher volume of osteophytes. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of OARSI score, anterior tibial translation, range of motion, bone microstructure computed tomography values, and stride distance/irregularity. Conclusion: This procedure can be used to create an ACL tear model without causing grossly evident injuries to other ligaments and avoiding the risk of cartilage damage from surgical instruments. Clinical Relevance: This procedure offers a more clinically relevant ACL tear model and facilitates simple, inexpensive, and reproducible development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeTo investigate the use of kartogenin (KGN) in augmenting healing of the repaired enthesis after rotator cuff repair in a murine model.MethodsSeventy-two C57BL/6 wild-type mice underwent unilateral detachment and transosseous repair of the supraspinatus tendon augmented with either fibrin sealant (control group; n = 36) or fibrin sealant containing 100 μmol/L of KGN (experimental group; n = 36) applied at the repair site. Postoperatively, mice were allowed free cage activity without immobilization. Mice were humanely killed at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Repair site integrity was evaluated histologically through fibrocartilage formation and collagen fiber organization and biomechanically through load-to-failure testing of the supraspinatus tendon-bone construct.ResultsAt 2 weeks, no differences were noted in percent area of fibrocartilage, collagen organization, or ultimate strength between groups. At 4 weeks, superior collagen fiber organization (based on collagen birefringence [17.3 ± 2.0 vs 7.0 ± 6.5 integrated density/μm2; P

BackgroundMany orthopaedic surgical procedures involve reattachment of a single tendon to bone. Whether tendon-to-bone healing is better facilitated by tendon fixation within a bone tunnel or on a cortical surface is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tendon-healing within a bone tunnel compared with that on the cortical surface in a rabbit model of biceps tenodesis.MethodsThirty-two rabbits (24 weeks of age) underwent unilateral proximal biceps tenodesis with tendon fixation within a bone tunnel (BT group) or on the cortical surface (SA [surface attachment] group). Postoperatively, rabbits were allowed free-cage activity without immobilization. All rabbits were killed 8 weeks after surgery. Healing was assessed by biomechanical testing, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and histomorphometric analysis.ResultsBiomechanical testing demonstrated no significant difference between the groups in mean failure loads (BT: 56.8 ± 28.8 N, SA: 55.8 ± 14.9 N; p = 0.92) or stiffness (BT: 26.3 ± 16.6 N/mm, SA: 32.3 ± 9.6 N/mm; p = 0.34). Micro-CT analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the groups in mean volume of newly formed bone (BT: 69.3 ± 13.9 mm, SA: 65.5 ± 21.9 mm; p = 0.70) or tissue mineral density of newly formed bone (BT: 721.4 ± 10.9 mg/cm, SA: 698.6 ± 26.2 mg/cm; p = 0.07). On average, newly formed bone within the tunnel represented only 5% of the total new bone formed in the BT specimens. Histological analysis demonstrated tendon-bone interdigitation and early fibrocartilaginous zone formation on the outer cortical surface in both groups. In contrast, minimal tendon-bone bonding was observed within the tunnel in the BT specimens.ConclusionsTendon fixation in a bone tunnel and on the cortical surface resulted in similar healing profiles. For tendons placed within a bone tunnel, intratunnel healing was minimal compared with the healing outside the tunnel on the cortical surface.Clinical relevanceThe creation of large bone tunnels, which can lead to stress risers and increase the risk of fracture, may not be necessary for biceps tenodesis procedures.

At present, the local ventilator control mainly uses traditional PID controllers. The parameters of the controller are fixed and selected based on experience. It is difficult to achieve the optimal combination of membership functions and fuzzy rules, which makes it difficult for the controller to meet the adaptive control requirements of local ventilator. In order to solve this problem, a fuzzy PID controller for mine local ventilator optimized by improved genetic algorithm is designed. In the improved genetic algorithm, the Euclidean distance is introduced to increase the diversity of the population, and the adaptive crossover and mutation probability are introduced to improve the convergence of the algorithm. In the encoding process, the proportional fraction is used to indirectly optimize the membership functions, which enables the improved genetic algorithm to optimize both the membership functions and fuzzy rules. The optimized membership functions and fuzzy rules are imported into the fuzzy PID controller. The controller can adaptively adjust the air volume of the local ventilator through the inverter according to the different working status of the local ventilator so as to realize the dynamic adjustment of the local ventilator. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional fuzzy PID controller, the improved fuzzy PID controller can basically achieve no overshoot, the rise time is shortened by 56.25%, and the stabilization time is shortened by 47.06%, which can better meet the control requirements of mine local ventilator.

As one of the most concerned technologies in the field of artificial intelligence in recent ten years, deep learning has achieved excellent results in many applications, but the current learning strategies rely heavily on a large number of labeled data. In many practical problems, it is not feasible to obtain a large number of labeled training data, so it increases the training difficulty of the model. But it is easy to obtain a large number of unlabeled data. Semi-supervised learning makes full use of unlabeled data, provides solutions and effective methods to improve the performance of the model under the condition of limited labeled data, and achieves high recognition accuracy in the task of image classification. This paper first gives an overview of semi-supervised learning, and then introduces the basic ideas commonly used in classification algorithms. It focuses on the comprehensive review of image classification methods based on semi-supervised deep learning framework in recent years, including multi- view training, consistency regularization, diversity mixing and semi-supervised generative adversarial networks. It summarizes the common technologies of various methods, analyzes and compares the differences of experimental results of different methods. Finally, this paper thinks about the existing problems and looks forward to the feasible research direction in the future.