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We introduce GeaVR, an open-source package containing tools for geological-structural exploration and mapping in Immersive Virtual Reality (VR). GeaVR also makes it possible to carry out quantitative data collection on 3D realistic, referenced and scaled Virtual Reality scenarios. Making use of Immersive Virtual Reality technology through the Unity game engine, GeaVR works with commercially available VR equipment. This allows VR to be accessible to a broad audience, resulting in a revolutionary tool package for Earth Sciences. Users can explore various 3D datasets, spanning from freely available Digital Surface Models and Bathymetric data to ad-hoc 3D high-resolution models from photogrammetry processing. The user can navigate the 3D model in first person, walking or flying above the surrounding environment, mapping the main geological features such as points, lines and polygons, and collecting quantitative data using the provided field survey tools. Such data, including geographic coordinates, can be exported for further spatial analyses. Here we describe three different case studies aimed at showing the potential of our tools. GeaVR is revolutionary as it can be used worldwide, with no spatial limitations, both for geo-education and Earth Science popularization, as well as for research purposes. Secondly, it makes it possible to safely access dangerous areas, such as vertical cliffs or volcanic terrains, virtually from a computer screen or Virtual Reality headset. Furthermore, it can help to reduce carbon emissions by avoiding the use of flights and vehicles to conduct field trips.

IntroductionSleep disruption affects biological processes that facilitate carcinogenesis. This retrospective cohort study used de-identified data from the Veterans Administration (VA) electronic medical record system to test the hypothesis that patients with diagnosed sleep disorders had an increased risk of prostate, breast, colorectal, or other cancers (1999-2010, N=663,869). This study builds upon existing evidence by examining whether patients with more severe or longer-duration diagnoses were at a greater risk of these cancers relative to those with a less severe or shorter duration sleep disorder.MethodsIncident cancer cases were identified in the VA Tumor Registry and sleep disorders were defined by International Classification of Sleep Disorder codes. Analyses were performed using extended Cox regression with sleep disorder diagnosis as a time-varying covariate.ResultsSleep disorders were present among 56,055 eligible patients (8% of the study population); sleep apnea (46%) and insomnia (40%) were the most common diagnoses. There were 18,181 cancer diagnoses (41% prostate, 12% colorectal, 1% female breast, 46% other). The hazard ratio (HR) for a cancer diagnosis was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37, 1.54) among those with any sleep disorder, after adjustment for age, sex, state of residence, and marital status. Risks increased with increasing sleep disorder duration (short [2-5 years] 1.23 [1.16-1.32]; long [>5-12 years] 1.52 [1.34-1.73]). Risks also increased with increasing sleep disorder severity using cumulative sleep disorder treatments as a surrogate exposure; African Americans with more severe disorders had greater risks relative to those with fewer treatments and other race groups. Results among patients with only sleep apnea, insomnia, or another sleep disorder were similar to those for all sleep disorders combined.DiscussionThe findings are consistent with other studies indicating that sleep disruption is a cancer risk factor. Optimal sleep and appropriate sleep disorder management are modifiable risk factors that may facilitate cancer prevention.

This study, conducted in Trois-Rivières since 2020, focuses on participatory action research (PAR) and natural informal recreation areas (NIRA) in Quebec. NIRA characterized by spontaneous vegetation in urban areas, are popular recreational spots for their proximity and social/ecological benefits. The research involves both « engaged citizen » researchers and « citizen co-researchers » using a co-creation approach inspired by living labs. Data collection tools include literature reviews, online surveys, artistic co-creation workshops, citizen walks, and thematic workshops. The methodology aims to establish a new research niche on NIRA and integrate them into local communities. The conclusion highlights the methodical nature of the research, transparency in the positions of engaged researchers and citizens, while acknowledging challenges in transferring results to other territories.

Metabolic pathway drift has been formulated as a general principle to help in the interpretation of comparative analyses between biosynthesis pathways. Indeed, such analyses often indicate substantial differences, even in widespread pathways that are sometimes believed to be conserved. Here, our purpose is to check how much this interpretation fits to empirical data gathered in the field of plant and algal biosynthesis pathways. After examining several examples representative of the diversity of lipid biosynthesis pathways, we explain why it is important to compare closely related species to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon. Furthermore, this comparative approach brings us to the question of how much biotic interactions are responsible for shaping this metabolic plasticity. We end up introducing some model systems that may be promising for further exploration of this question.

Abstract Loss of NBEAL2 function leads to grey platelet syndrome (GPS), a bleeding disorder characterized by macro-thrombocytopenia and α-granule-deficient platelets. A proportion of patients with GPS develop autoimmunity through an unknown mechanism, which might be related to the proteins NBEAL2 interacts with, specifically in immune cells. Here we show a comprehensive interactome of NBEAL2 in primary T cells, based on mass spectrometry identification of altogether 74 protein association partners. These include LRBA, a member of the same BEACH domain family as NBEAL2, recessive mutations of which cause autoimmunity and lymphocytic infiltration through defective CTLA-4 trafficking. Investigating the potential association between NBEAL2 and CTLA-4 signalling suggested by the mass spectrometry results, we confirm by co-immunoprecipitation that CTLA-4 and NBEAL2 interact with each other. Interestingly, NBEAL2 deficiency leads to low CTLA-4 expression in patient-derived effector T cells, while their regulatory T cells appear unaffected. Knocking-down NBEAL2 in healthy primary T cells recapitulates the low CTLA-4 expression observed in the T cells of GPS patients. Our results thus show that NBEAL2 is involved in the regulation of CTLA-4 expression in conventional T cells and provide a rationale for considering CTLA-4-immunoglobulin therapy in patients with GPS and autoimmune disease.

Abstract The development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals is an hot topic in nuclear medicine. Several radiolabeled antibodies are under development necessitating both biokinetic and dosimetry extrapolations for effective human translation. The validation of different animal-to-human dosimetry extrapolation methods still is an open issue. This study reports the mice-to-human dosimetry extrapolation of 64Cu/177Lu 1C1m-Fc anti-TEM-1 for theranostic application in soft-tissue sarcomas. We adopt four methods; direct mice-to-human extrapolation (M1); dosimetry extrapolation considering a relative mass scaling factor (M2), application of a metabolic scaling factor (M3) and combination of M2 and M3 (M4). Predicted in-human dosimetry for the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc resulted in an effective dose of 0.05 mSv/MBq. Absorbed dose (AD) extrapolation for the [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc indicated that the AD of 2 Gy and 4 Gy to the red-marrow and total-body can be reached with 5–10 GBq and 25–30 GBq of therapeutic activity administration respectively depending on applied dosimetry method. Dosimetry extrapolation methods provided significantly different absorbed doses in organs. Dosimetry properties for the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc are suitable for a diagnostic in-human use. The therapeutic application of [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc presents challenges and would benefit from further assessments in animals’ models such as dogs before moving into the clinic.

Abstract Background Microbial interactions are fundamental for Earth’s ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. Nevertheless, they are challenging to identify and remain barely known. Omics-based censuses are helpful in predicting microbial interactions through the statistical inference of single (static) association networks. Yet, microbial interactions are dynamic and we have limited knowledge of how they change over time. Here, we investigate the dynamics of microbial associations in a 10-year marine time series in the Mediterranean Sea using an approach inferring a time-resolved (temporal) network from a single static network. Results A single static network including microbial eukaryotes and bacteria was built using metabarcoding data derived from 120 monthly samples. For the decade, we aimed to identify persistent, seasonal, and temporary microbial associations by determining a temporal network that captures the interactome of each individual sample. We found that the temporal network appears to follow an annual cycle, collapsing, and reassembling when transiting between colder and warmer waters. We observed higher association repeatability in colder than in warmer months. Only 16 associations could be validated using observations reported in literature, underlining our knowledge gap in marine microbial ecological interactions. Conclusions Our results indicate that marine microbial associations follow recurrent temporal dynamics in temperate zones, which need to be accounted for to better understand the functioning of the ocean microbiome. The constructed marine temporal network may serve as a resource for testing season-specific microbial interaction hypotheses. The applied approach can be transferred to microbiome studies in other ecosystems. Video Abstract

La Nouvelle Revue du Travail asked three social science researchers holding political office to give their views on the possible links between their field of expertise and political action. The discussions, in the form of a series of questions, invite our three interlocutors to share their opinions: what does it mean to be involved in politics as a researcher in the humanities and social sciences?

The present Self-Potential (SP) dataset acquired in the Chaîne des Puys is the result of four decades of measurements carried out by master's students, PhD students, researchers, and engineering offices under the auspices of the Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV) and the Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC). Acquired in the 1980s by Maurice Aubert and his collaborators (e.g. [1–3]), this Self-Potential dataset was completed as part of the CAPRICE project focused on the hydrosystem of the Chaîne des Puys. The methodology and equipment used for data acquisition has remained unchanged since the first measurement in 1987. As a result, this dataset compiles more than 20,000 SP measurements and covers an area of almost 200 km².The SP data are intended to serve as the basis for geological models, coupled with geological and other geophysical data, according to the method described in Aubert and Atangana, 1996. After interpolation, SP data can be used to identify preferential groundwater flow paths and to delineate the surface of hydrogeological watersheds. As indicated in the literature, they also be used to identify possible recharge zones or areas of permeability contrast.

For achieving a carbon–neutral energy system, economical flexibility mechanisms are crucial to accommodate intermittent and decentralized renewable energy sources. Power-to-X (P2X) is a promising technology for this purpose. This study aims to elucidate the systematic effects and competition of dynamically operated power-to-X (P2X) technologies as a flexibility option in comprehensive renewable energy systems. We developed a linear programming model to optimize energy systems incorporating P2X technologies, including water electrolysis, methanation, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, and Haber–Bosch synthesis, and investigated the impact of P2X flexibility on the system structure and energy costs, focusing on Japan as a case study. The results demonstrate that each P2X technology effectively shifts electricity loads and reduces curtailment by more than 80%. The contribution of each P2X technology varies, with water electrolysis playing a dominant role due to its relatively low fixed costs and large scale. Furthermore, the mechanism significantly reduces system costs by 35% and supply costs of electricity and hydrogen by 41% and 30%, respectively, by reducing the required capacities of electricity generators, stationary batteries, and transmission grids. Therefore, P2X has a cost advantage over these flexibility options. The results also highlight that the maximum effect is achieved when the capacity factor of P2X is 30%. However, synthetic hydrocarbons would require a carbon price of over 356 EUR/tCO2 to compete with fossil fuels. Domestic electrofuels would face tough competition with global fuel costs. Nevertheless, the reduction in electricity costs through P2X, along with its contribution to energy security, may incentivize its adoption.

Children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) show delays in Theory of Mind (ToM) development. Complement sentences such as "Eliane says that Santa Clause exists" influence ToM performance. Can a training program targeting sentential complements enhance ToM? Twenty-one French-speaking DHH children (M[subscript age] = 8 years 11 months) with delays in ToM and sentential complements completed a first series of tests (T0). Children were tested again to control for maturation effects (T1), after which they were included in a 6- to 8-week training program targeting complements with verbs of communication. Post-training tests (T2) assessed if the training yielded improvements on complements (direct effect) and ToM (transfer effect). While no gains were noted in the absence of training (at T1), results indicate post-training (T2) improvements in complements and ToM tasks, suggesting that the acquisition of sentential complements provides a tool to represent subjective truths and boosts ToM reasoning in DDH children.

Based on socio-historical research of domestic violence treatment in the cantons of Vaud and Geneva, this article analyses how the co-presence of many actors and approaches has affected the definition of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Switzerland. IPV policies centred on gender and then reframed to define violence as a complex issue. We show what the consequences of framing complexity for policy are.

Abstract Many studies have demonstrated the short-term efficacy and tolerability of methylphenidate treatment adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Qualitative literature on this matter focused on school outcomes, long-term side effects, family conflicts, personality changes and stigmatization. Yet, no qualitative study has crossed the perspectives of child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAPs) prescribing methylphenidate and adolescents with ADHD. This French qualitative study followed the five stages IPSE—Inductive Process to analyze the Structure of lived Experience-approach. Fifteen adolescents with ADHD and 11 CAPs were interviewed. Data collection by purposive sampling continued until data saturation was reached. Data analysis, based on a descriptive and structuring procedure to determine the structure of lived experience characterized by the central axes of experience, produced two axes: (1) The process of methylphenidate prescription, highlighting how this prescription was motivated from the exterior, experienced as passive by the adolescents and required commitment from the CAPs; and (2) the perceived effects of methylphenidate treatment, in three domains: at school, in relationships and in the sense of self. Findings raised both the issues of the epistemic position and social representation of the adolescents about ADHD and methylphenidate within this specific French context, and the self-awareness and perception of the adolescents with ADHD. We conclude that these two issues need to be regularly addressed by the CAPs prescribing methylphenidate to avoid epistemic injustice and prevent the harmful effects of stigmatization.

Ozone plays an important role in the Earth’s atmosphere. It is mainly formed in the tropical stratosphere and is transported by the Brewer–Dobson Circulation to higher latitudes. In the stratosphere, ozone can filter the incoming solar ultraviolet radiation, thus protecting life at the surface. Although tropospheric ozone accounts for only ~10%, it is a powerful GHG and pollutant, harmful to the health of the environment and living beings. Several studies have highlighted biomass burning as a major contributor to the tropospheric ozone budget. Our study focuses on the Natal site (5.40°S, 35.40°W, Brazil), one of the oldest ozone-observing stations in Brazil, which is expected to be influenced by fire plumes in Africa and Brazil. Many studies that examined ozone trends used the total atmospheric columns of ozone, but it is important to assess ozone separately in the troposphere and the stratosphere. In this study, we have used radiosonde ozone profiles and daily TCO measurements to evaluate the variability and changes of both tropospheric and stratospheric ozone separately. The dataset in this study comprises daily total columns of colocalized ozone and weekly ozone profiles collected between 1998 and 2019. The tropospheric columns were estimated by integrating ozone profiles measured by ozone sondes up to the tropopause height. The amount of ozone in the stratosphere was then deduced by subtracting the tropospheric ozone amount from the total amount of ozone measured by the Dobson spectrometer. It was assumed that the amount of ozone in the mesosphere is negligible. This produced three distinct time series of ozone: tropospheric and stratospheric columns as well as total columns. The present study aims to apply a new decomposition method named Empirical Adaptive Wavelet Decomposition (EAWD) that is used to identify the different modes of variability present in the analyzed signal. This is achieved by summing up the most significant Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF). The Fourier spectrum of the original signal is broken down into spectral bands that frame each IMF obtained by the Empirical Modal Decomposition (EMD). Then, the Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) is applied to each interval. Unlike other methods like EMD and multi-linear regression (MLR), the EAWD technique has an advantage in providing better frequency resolution and thus overcoming the phenomenon of mode-mixing, as well as detecting possible breakpoints in the trend mode. The obtained ozone datasets were analyzed using three methods: MLR, EMD, and EAWD. The EAWD algorithm exhibited the advantage of retrieving ~90% to 95% of ozone variability and detecting possible breakpoints in its trend component. Overall, the MRL and EAWD methods showed almost similar trends, a decrease in the stratosphere ozone (−1.3 ± 0.8%) and an increase in the tropospheric ozone (+4.9 ± 1.3%). This study shows the relevance of combining data to separately analyze tropospheric and stratospheric ozone variability and trends. It highlights the advantage of the EAWD algorithm in detecting modes of variability in a geophysical signal without prior knowledge of the underlying forcings.

Desde el fin de la Guerra Fría, cuatro grandes prioridades definieron la estrategia de la República Popular China hacia África: el acceso a recursos naturales y materias primas; la consecución de mercados para sus exportaciones de manufacturas; la obtención de apoyo a sus objetivos políticos; y la consolidación de un estatus como líder del mundo en desarrollo. A partir de la primera década del siglo XXI China se ha convertido asimismo en un importante socio financiero y en impulsor del desarrollo de infraestructuras en el continente, a la vez que ha adquirido una creciente presencia militar. La relación multidimensional construida por la China de Xi Jinping con África forma parte integral de su estrategia de ascenso global, con implicaciones económicas y geopolíticas que han atraído la atención de las restantes potencias

Introduction: The main objective was to estimate the prevalence of cervical dysplasia among incarcerated women. The secondary objective was to identify obstacles to the possible management of a cervical dysplasia in detention by assessing their knowledge of screening for cervical cancer (CC), the existence of vaccination, and the management of precancerous lesions. Materials and Methods: The first part of the study was descriptive and retrospective, studying pap-smear results in women's correctional facility at the Baumettes prison center (PC) in Marseille, France. The second part of the study was qualitative and prospective and took place at the Baumettes PC. Voluntary and French-speaking inmates aged 25?65 years answered an short-form 12 quality-of-life questionnaire and a more targeted questionnaire on CC screening and cervical dysplasia treatments. Results: In total, 201 pap-smear tests were assessed, 135 were normal (66.8%) and 33 unsatisfactory (16.3%). There were 33 abnormal pap-smear tests (16%). The patients were 38.9 years (?9.5 years), had 4.05 pregnancies (?2.7), and 2.29 children (?1.85). Seventy-five percent were smokers. Psychiatric disorders were found in 52.2% inmates. In the second part of the study, among the 35 inmates questioned, the SF-12 questionnaire's analysis shows that the physical health component score was on average 43.6 and the mental health component score (MCS) was 36.5. Analysis demonstrated that the uncertainty of the exact day of hospitalization is an obstacle to treatment for 15 patients presenting significantly a lower MCS score (p?=?0.047). Conclusion: Prevalence of pathological pap-smear tests is higher within a prison population, screening is accepted and the inmates are receptive to information about CC prevention, delivered during individual interviews. Mental health's management and care system's reorganization in detention are essentials factors for care acceptance.

Most observational data sequences in geophysics can be interpreted as resulting from the interaction of several physical processes at several timescales and space scales. In consequence, measurement time series often have characteristics of non-linearity and non-stationarity and thereby exhibit strong fluctuations at different timescales. The application of decomposition methods is an important step in the analysis of time series variability, allowing patterns and behaviour to be extracted as components providing insight into the mechanisms producing the time series. This study introduces empirical adaptive wavelet decomposition (EAWD), a new adaptive method for decomposing non-linear and non-stationary time series into multiple empirical modes with non-overlapping spectral contents. The method takes its origin from the coupling of two widely used decomposition techniques: empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and empirical wavelet transformation (EWT). It thus combines the advantages of both methods and can be interpreted as an optimization of EMD. Here, through experimental time series applications, EAWD is shown to accurately retrieve different physically meaningful components concealed in the original signal.

A multi-scenario, multi-model ensemble of simulations from regional climate models is outlined to provide the core data source for a set of climate projections and a climate change service. A subset of realisations from CMIP6 Global Climate Models (GCMs) are selected for downscaling by Regional Climate Models (RCMs) under a ‘sparse matrix’ framework using the CORDEX guidelines for Shared Socio-economic Pathways that feature low emissions (SSP1-2.6) and high emissions (SSP3-7.0). The subset excludes poor performing models, with performance assessed by the climatology over a large Indo-Pacific domain and an Australian-specific domain, the simulation of atmospheric circulation and teleconnections to major drivers, then incorporating other evaluation from the literature. The models are selected to be relatively independent by simply choosing one model from each ‘family’ where possible. The projected change in temperature and rainfall in climatic regions of Australia in the selected models are broadly representative of that from the whole CMIP6 ensemble, after deliberately treating models with very high climate sensitivity separately. A limited but carefully constructed ensemble will not represent statistically balanced estimates but can be used effectively under a ‘storylines’ style approach and can maximise representativeness within limits. The resulting ensemble can be used as a key data source for the future climate component of climate services in Australia. The ensemble will be used in conjunction with CMIP6 and large ensembles of GCM simulations as important context, and targeted ‘convective permitting resolution’ modelling, deep learning models and emulators for added insights to inform climate change planning in Australia.

Abstract The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from faeces (fEVs) and small circulating EVs (cEVs) in liver diseases such as non‐alcoholic fatty diseases (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been demonstrated. fEVs and cEVs of healthy donors, NAFLD and NASH patients were isolated and characterized. The effects of EVs were evaluated in intestinal, endothelial, Kupffer and stellate cells. Non‐muscular myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) deficient mice were used in vivo. Bacterial origins of fEVs were analysed by 16s rDNA gene sequencing. fEVs and small cEVs were composed of prokaryotic and eukaryotic origins. Only NASH‐fEVs exerted deleterious effects. NASH‐fEVs increased intestinal permeability and reduced expression of tight junction proteins that were prevented by nmMLCK inhibition, increased endothelial cell permeability and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines requiring TLR4/lipopolysaccharide pathway. NASH‐fEVs and NASH‐cEVs activated profibrotic and proinflammatory proteins of hepatic stellate cells. Treatment with NASH‐fEVs evoked an increase in intestinal permeability in wild type but not in nmMLCK deficient mice. Bacterial origins of fEVs were different between NAFLD and NASH patients and 16 amplicon sequence variants were differentially abundant. We demonstrate that fEVs actively participate in barrier dysfunctions leading to liver injuries underscoring the role of nmMLCK and lipopolysaccharide carried by fEVs.

In many countries, valproate is indicated for epilepsy only, whereas its derivative divalproex (DVP) and valpromide (VPM) are indicated for bipolar disorders only. DVP is composed of sodium valproate and valproic acid (VA) in a 1:1 molar ratio and VPM is a prodrug completely hydrolyzed in the gastric tract to VA. Whatever the drug, the absorbed and active substance is the valproate ion. In this article, we reviewed the potential reasons that might justify these different indications. We performed a literature review of comparative studies of efficacy, pharmacokinetic parameters, side effects and costs for VPA, DVP, and VPM. We found only studies comparing VA with DVP. None of the eight efficacy studies found differences in epilepsy or mood disorders. The ten studies of side effects reported a difference in terms of gastrointestinal effects, but inconsistently. The United States (US) summary of product characteristics and kinetic comparison studies reported bioequivalence between DVP and VA, but a longer Tmax for DVP, likely due to its gastro-resistant galenic form. VPM summary of product characteristics and pharmacokinetic studies revealed a lower bioavailability (80% vs. 100% for VA) and a delayed Tmax. There is an additional cost for using DVP or VPM as compared to VA (respectively +177% and +77% in France). The differences in indications between valproate derivatives do not seem justified. Interchangeability between VA and DVP in bipolar disorders seems possible, at identical dosage. VPM would require a closer dosing schedule and a 20% reduction in dosage when switching to valproate.

Tools to effectively assess the language performance of bilingual children are lacking. Static tests assessing vocabulary knowledge (e.g., naming task) are not appropriate for testing bilingual children due to different types of bias. Alternative methods have been developed to diagnose bilingual children, including measuring language learning (e.g., word learning) through dynamic assessment. Research conducted with English-speaking children indicates that DA of word learning is effective in diagnosing language disorders in bilingual children. In this study, we examine whether a dynamic word learning task, using shared-storybook reading, can differentiate French-speaking (monolingual and bilingual) children with developmental language disorder (DLD) from those with typical development (TD). Sixty children (4–8 years), 43 with TD and 17 with DLD, participated: 30 were monolinguals and 25 were bilinguals. The dynamic word-learning task used a shared-storybook reading context. The children had to learn four non-words, paired with novel objects, as well as their semantic characteristics (a category and a definition) during the reading of a story. Post-tests assessed the recall of the phonological form and the semantic features of the objects. Phonological and semantic prompts were given if the child was unable to name or describe the objects. Results indicated that children with DLD performed less well than those with TD on phonological recall, leading to fair sensitivity and good specificity at delayed post-test for young children (4–6 years). Semantic production did not differentiate the two groups: all children performed well at this task. In sum, children with DLD have more difficulties encoding the phonological form of the word. Our findings suggest that a dynamic word learning task using shared-storybook reading is a promising approach for diagnosing lexical difficulties in young French-speaking, monolingual and bilingual, children.

Abstract Background and Aims The coronavirus pandemic challenged countries worldwide in a race against contaminations and variants. Vaccination campaigns were the answer to such an infectious spread. This descriptive study presents the organizational process of the setting up of a Covid‐19 vaccination center in a French University Hospital in January 2021, the issues encountered along the way and assessment of adaptability. Methods Three major stakeholders: SARS CoV‐2 crisis referent, referring vaccination medical doctor and referring vaccination pharmacist retraced key moments and identified issues encountered during the setting up of the vaccination center and its long term maintenance, threw a series of meetings. Records of crisis and periodic meetings that took place threw out the vaccination campaign were consulted. Results A multidisciplinary crisis steering committee with nine different professionals was created January 3. Logistics for the vaccination center opening were discussed: location, informatics, appointment‐scheduling, pharmaceutical circuit, internal circuit, human resources, and information communication. The vaccination center was ready to welcome healthcare workers in less than 24 h on January 4. The first month, 2757 1st shots were administered, leading up to a total of 9167 1st shots during 6 months of activity. From January to June 2021, the multidisciplinary group dealt and adapted its processes to challenging and unexpected situations. Indeed, issues encountered with Pfizer BioNTech's and AstraZeneca's vaccine, were: supply shortages, vaccine manipulation, targeted populations, pharmacovigilance, and general communication. Conclusion This descriptive study provides an exclusive insight on how a hospital vaccination center was organized and adapted during Covid‐19 pandemic to ensure healthcare workers' security and resilience, and to protect high risk patients of severe Covid‐19 infection.

Background and aimsMaternal diet plays a key role in preventing or contributing to the development of chronic diseases, such as obesity, allergy, and brain disorders. Supplementation of maternal diet with prebiotics has been shown to reduce the risk of food allergies and affect the intestinal permeability in offspring later in life. However, its role in modulating the development of other intestinal disorders, such as colitis, remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of prebiotic supplementation in pregnant mice on the occurrence of colitis in their offspring.Materials and methodsOffspring from mothers, who were administered prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides and inulin during gestation or fed a control diet, were subjected to three cycles of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) treatment to induce chronic colitis, and their intestinal function and disease activity were evaluated. Colonic remodelling, gut microbiota composition, and lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles were also assessed.ResultsDSS-treated offspring from prebiotic-fed mothers presented a higher disease score, increased weight loss, and increased faecal humidity than those from standard diet-fed mothers. DSS-treated offspring from prebiotic-fed mothers also showed increased number of colonic mucosal lymphocytes and macrophages than the control group, associated with the increased colonic concentrations of resolvin D5, protectin DX, and 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and modulation of colonic gene expression. In addition, maternal prebiotic supplementation induced an overabundance of eight bacterial families and a decrease in the butyrate caecal concentration in DSS-treated offspring.ConclusionMaternal prebiotic exposure modified the microbiota composition and function, lipid content, and transcriptome of the colon of the offspring. These modifications did not protect against colitis, but rather sensitised the mice to colitis development.

This study assesses the impact of a working memory training program on the syntactic complexity of the spontaneous speech of French-speaking children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). Thirty-nine 6- to 12-year-old children with DLD were allocated to a WM training (DLDMM, N = 20) or an active control group (DLDSQULA, N = 19). The computerized training sessions took place three times a week, yielding 12 training hours per participant. Syntactic complexity was assessed in storytelling, measuring mean length of utterances, use of embedded clauses and rate of errors in complex utterances. The performance of participants with DLD was first compared to previous spontaneous data of 40 typically-developing (TD) children of the same age. Then, intragroup (pre- vs. post-test) and intergroup (DLDMM vs. DLDSQULA) comparisons were made to assess the impact of the working memory training on the language measures. Global results confirmed syntactic impairment in children with DLD, as opposed to TD children, with large differences for the use of embedded clauses. Findings also suggested gains in the mastery of embedded clauses in children who participated in the WM training, whereas no gains were observed in the DLD control group. These findings confirm deficits in complex syntax in children with DLD, in particular in embedded clauses, and may encourage the clinical use of language sample analysis, which provides an ecological account of children's language performance. While our results should be replicated on a larger scale, they also suggest positive transfer effects of working memory training on the capacity of participants with DLD to produce embedded clauses, in line with previous studies showing a positive effect of WM training on tasks of expressive syntax. It thus seems that working memory training can yield benefits for language, which leaves open the door to new therapeutic approaches for children with DLD.