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International audience; The exponential growth of data volume experienced by astronomy and astrophysics causes new disciplines like machine learning (ML) and data mining (DM) to gain more and more ground in these fields. Applications like clustering, feature selection, automatic classification of events are proving to be a valuable aid in exploiting space data in the era of the synergy between "pure" science and "data-driven" science. The Italian Solar Orbiter-SWA Working Group on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence1 together with the European Commission Horizon 2020 project AIDA2, has the scope of applying ML and DM analysis techniques to the Solar Orbiter data. The implementations are numerous. First of all these new techniques can be used to discover unexpected relations between data, can automate tasks so that they can be carried out without human intervention, and can help to forecast physical properties and events. A non-exhaustive list of these activities includes automatic detection of coronal holes in images, automatic recognition of plasma regions, prediction of solar wind properties at 1 AU, classification of solar wind type based on new indicators, analysis of particle velocity distribution functions. In addition, this Working Group will integrate the existing software developed in the context of the various heliospheric missions with the parts regarding Solar Orbiter. These packages are able to handle complex data set with ease and provide statistical analysis and visualization tools. Catalogs of scientific data are also produced, which report, among others, magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration events, detected by routines trained to browse data and select physical processes and features of interest. Here we present the project overview along with the ML and DM tools which will be used to handle and analyse Solar Orbiter data. 1.https://sites.google.com/view/italian-solar-orbiter-swa/ 2.http://www.aida-space.eu/

One of the outstanding scientific questions in space physics is how charged particles are accelerated up to supra-thermal energies and how they are transported through the inner heliosphere. Such problems match some of the scientific objectives of the Solar Orbiter Science Activity Plan and represent the main scientific cases discussed in the Italian SWA-Solar Orbiter Working Group (WG) on "Particle Energization" (https://sites.google.com/view/italian-solar-orbiter-swa/research-interests/particle-energization?authuser=0). The WG started its activities on May 2020 and gathers experts of in-situ observations, remote sensing, and numerical simulations. This variety of expertises is fundamental for reaching the science objectives. Indeed, candidates for particle acceleration are shocks driven by eruptive phenomena in the solar corona as the coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Thanks to the joint combination between in-situ (as MAG, SWA, EPD) and remote sensing (EUI, METIS) instruments on board Solar Orbiter and to its vicinity to the Sun, we will have the opportunity to study, with unprecedented precision, the onset of CMEs and the properties of the induced shocks propagating in the interplanetary medium. Thus, parameters as the sonic Mach number, the compression ratio and the shock geometry (both when shocks form in the corona and then propagate in the interplanetary space) will give a quantitative estimation of the shocks evolution and their capability to accelerate particles. Then, the investigation of the phenomena involved in the acceleration and propagation of solar energetic particles (SEPs) that were difficult to resolve from prior observations, will be carried out. Further, being close to the source of acceleration, it will be possible to investigate the properties of the local energetic particle "seed" population. In this abstract we would like to present the ongoing activity of the Italian SWA WG on "Particle Energization", pointing out the physical problems discussed during the last months, with particular focus on the possible analysis of Solar Orbiter data (both in-situ and remote sensing) in the framework of particle energization, which we propose to carry out once the data will be available to the scientific community.

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Hydrocarbon seepage is overlooked in the marine environment, mostly due to lack of marine exploration data, especially over the continental shelf and upper slope, where data may be available but not at adequate resolution. Shallow marine environments, such as the north and the central Adriatic Sea, are ideal for the formation of hydrocarbons, because organic matter sinks to the sea bottom where undergoes rapid burial and anaerobic degradation. On the other hand, deeply-trapped hydrocarbons tend to migrate to shallower sedimentary horizons, they may pierce the seabed, giving rise to peculiar seafloor morphology, and, under particular conditions, fluids escape the seabed to form gas plumes in the water column. The latter can be accurately detected by modern multibeam sonar systems as 3D density anomalies, which sometimes can reach high at the sea surface. This contribution is about the geophysical and geochemical investigation of two seepage sites on the shelf of the Adriatic Sea. The study areas are represented by: an oil spill off Civitanova Marche, at water depth of 10 m; scattered biogenic seeps offshore Mt. Conero, at water depth of 84 m. Dissolved benthic fluxes of nutrients, metals and DIC have been measured by in situ deployment of a benthic chamber equipped with an automatic water sampler and a multi-parameter probe. Geochemical analysis was performed to identify the presence of and characterize hydrocarbons in the water samples and provide insights into the origins of the organic matter. Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and major and trace elements was analyzed to provide an estimate of hydrocarbon contamination in the surrounding sediment. We conducted these research activities under the umbrella of a technical agreement between ISMARCNR and the Italian Ministry of Economic Development, Directorate General for Safety - National Mining Office for Hydrocarbons and Georesources, within the Clypea Innovation Network, which seeks to increase the safety, also in terms of environmental protection, of offshore oil & gas exploration and exploitation, using innovative approaches. This study aims at: i) establishing a cost-effective and relocatable geochemical and geophysical monitoring system for natural hydrocarbon seepage to mitigate the adverse effects of hydrocarbon spill and discharge, especially if located near the coast or nearby human activities; ii) delivering a better understanding of the characteristics and origins of the petroleum system, adding a valuable layer of information to more conventional offshore exploration data; iii) to unravel the relationship of fluid seepage with geohazards, notably softsediment deformation, and sea level changes as triggering mechanism.

The Adriatic Sea is a basin oriented in the NW-SE direction, which represents the result of filling the Apennine and Dinaric-Hellenic chain foredeep. The present surface sediment distribution is controlled by basin evolution, different sediment source areas and processes. The aims of this work were to identify sedimentary facies based on grain-size, geochemical and biogeochemical features and to describe their spatial distribution, to recognize regional patterns of sediment dispersal, geochemical signals for provenance and eventual local features. Grain-size, geochemical (major and trace elements) and biogeochemical (organic carbon) analysis (Droghini, 2017) carried out on 107 samples, collected by box-corer during the PERTRE cruise (Spagnoli, 2016). These data were elaborated with a Q-mode factor analysis to identify the sedimentary facies (Spagnoli et al., 2014). In particular the statistical processing of sediment properties highlighted 5 factors, which allowed characterizing different facies and to evaluate their provenance and surface distribution. In particular were identified: 1) Clayey facies, made up of clayey and clayey-silty sediments, originated from the contribution of the Po River and the Apennine rivers, and that are redistributed by the Adriatic circulation in a SE direction; 2) sandy facies, made up of sandy-silty sediments with silicate minerals and enriched in Magnesium; this facies is more abundant along the Italian coasts; 3) coarse carbonatic facies, made up of sandy-gravel sediments; this facies is more abundant in the outer areas of the Adriatic Basin, coinciding with the depositional areas of the relict sands; 4) silty facies with heavy minerals, characterized by silty sediments enriched in heavy minerals resulting from the action of waves and coastal currents; 5) sediment provenance, useful to identify the origin of sediments. This component shows high values in different areas mainly located offshore of northern Gargano Promontory and is due to sediment features mainly controlled by geochemistry rather than grain-size. The characterization and distribution of the above described facies allowed understanding in more detail the present hydrodynamic, sedimentological, geochemical and biogeochemical processes occurring in the Central and Southern Adriatic Sea, and to identify the main sediment source areas.

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Hydrocarbon seepage is overlooked in the marine environment, mostly due to the lack of high-resolution exploration data. This contribution is about the geophysical and geochemical investigation of two seepage sites on the shelf of the Adriatic Sea: an oil spill off Civitanova Marche, at water depth of 10 m; scattered biogenic seeps offshore Mt. Conero, at water depth of 84 m. The accurate detection of gas plumes was achieved with a multibeam system acquisition of the water column reflectivity. Dissolved benthic fluxes of nutrients, metals and DIC were measured by in situ deployment of a benthic chamber, which was used also for the first time as water samples collector for hydrocarbons gas characterization. In addition, concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and major and trace elements was analyzed to provide an estimate of hydrocarbon contamination in the surrounding sediment.

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