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Increased use of nitrogen fertilizers has deleterious impact on the environment. Increase in yield potential at low nitrogen supply is regarded as a cereal breeding goal for future agricultural sustainability. Although natural variations of nitrogen transporters have been investigated, key genes associated with assimilation remain largely unexplored for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) enhancement. Here, we identified a NIN‐like protein NLP4 associated with NUE through a GWAS in rice. We found that OsNLP4 transactivated OsNiR encoding nitrite reductase that was critical in nitrogen assimilation in rice. We further constructed quadrupling NREs (Nitrate‐responsive cis‐elements) in the promoter of OsNiR (p4xNRE:OsNiR) and enhanced nitrogen assimilation significantly. We demonstrated that OsNLP4‐OsNiR increased tiller number and yield through enhancing nitrogen assimilation and NUE. Our discovery highlights the genetic modulation of OsNLP4‐OsNiR signalling cascade as a strategy for high NUE and yield breeding in rice.

With the rapid development of chain retail trade in China, logistics distribution has become a key link in the process of chain enterprises core competitiveness. But supermarket chain in China starts late, the logistics distribution system is still in its infancy, most of the logistics distribution center cannot achieve process automation and mechanization. The current distribution system behind the supermarket chain has become a bottleneck in the development of. So, improve the supermarket chain logistics distribution mode, improve the efficiency of distribution, has become the key problems needed to resolve at the present stage our country supermarket chain.This article first introduces the chain business enterprise and the related concepts of logistics distribution, on the basis of analyzing the rt-mart supermarket chain logistics development present situation, pointed out that the current rt-mart supermarket chain in the logistics distribution link the existing main problems are: the low efficiency of logistics distribution, distribution mode is not reasonable, logistics has not formed the scale and distribution te chnology facility backwardness, backward logistics information system. According to the above problems, this paper gives the corresponding measures and solution.

With the development of modern science and technology and the integration of global economy, the competitive advantage of retail enterprises depends more and more on the speed, cost, service and efficiency provided by modern logistics. Therefore, retailers must have an efficient reverse logistics system in order to maintain a stable customer base and lower operating costs and maintain the competitive edge of the market. Based on the analysis of the development dilemma of reverse logistics in retail industry, this paper probes into the existing strategic models and puts forward effective management strategies, in order to provide relevant enterprises with reference advice and suggestions to achieve the goal of sustainable development.

Glycerol is an ideal co-substrate for xylitol production with Kluyveromyces marxianus. This study demonstrated that K. marxianus catabolizes glycerol through the Gut1-Gut2 pathway instead of the previously speculated NADPH-dependent Gcy1-Dak1 pathway using the transient clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/ CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Additionally, Utr1p was demonstrated to mediate NADPH generation through NADH phosphorylation. YZB392, which was constructed by integrating Utr1 into the Ypr1 site in the strain overexpressing NcXyl1 and CiGxf1 and harboring disrupted Xyl2, exhibited enhanced glycerol utilization for xylitol production (from 2.50- to 3.30- g/L after consuming 1 g/L glycerol). Fed-batch fermentation at 42 °C with YZB392 yielded 322.07 g/L xylitol, which is the highest known xylitol titer obtained via biological method. Feeding crude glycerol, xylose mother liquor, and corn steep liquor powder into a bioreactor resulted in the production of 235.69 g/L xylitol. This study developed a platform for xylitol production from industrial by-products.

Ergosterol is an important precursor in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of numerous drugs. In this study, Kluyveromyces marxianus that showed more potential for ergosterol production than some other yeasts was reported. The effects of transcription factors UPC2, MOT3, and ROX1 of K. marxianus on ergosterol synthesis were explored, and a Upc2-overexpressing strain produced 1.78 times more ergosterol (167.33 mg/L) than the wild-type strain (60.04 mg/L). A total of 239.98 mg/L ergosterol was produced when glucose was replaced with fructose to limit ethanol production. Enhanced aeration increased ergosterol titer from 63.09 mg/L to 128.46 mg/L at 42 °C. The ergosterol titer reached 304.37 mg/L in a shake flask at 37 °C, or 1124.38 and 948.32 mg/L at 37 °C and 42 °C, respectively, in a 5 L bioreactor, using Jerusalem artichoke tubers as the sole carbon source. This study establishes a platform for ergosterol biosynthesis using inexpensive materials.

With the rapid development of the economy, enterprises are no longer just to reduce production costs, improve product quality and expand sales, but to integrate the supply chain into the development system of the enterprise in order to improve the core competitiveness of the company and make outstanding contributions. This paper describes the research strategies of enterprises in supply chain management from the following aspects. First, this paper analyzes the background of the supply chain. The supply chain problem was first proposed by people in the late 1990s. In China's supply chain management, the research and analysis of the role of economists and entrepreneurs abroad in the enterprise has been at an early stage, and there have not been any obvious achievements. Secondly, this paper analyzes the current situation of supply chain in China and abroad. For the contribution of foreign countries in supply chain management, China has made great progress in the development of supply chain management. Third, this paper focuses on the analysis of the supply chain management strategy of the company with Heilongjiang Longtang Power Engineering Co., Ltd. as an example. Heilongjiang Longtang Power Engineering Co., Ltd. is an energy-based enterprise. The supply chain problem started late in its enterprise. In addition, there is no unified standard for supply chain management in China, which makes the development of supply chain management in Longtang Power Engineering Co., Ltd of Heilongjiang encountered great difficulties and obstacles. Finally, the article studies the problems and solutions in the supply chain in Heilongjiang Longtang Power Engineering Co., Ltd., which enables enterprises to make breakthroughs in the supply chain management model, which enables enterprises to contribute to the goal. Taking Heilongjiang Longtang Power Engineering Co., Ltd. as an example, it has helped other enterprises in the construction of supply chain management.

Objective To explore whether oncolytic adenovirus expressing CCL19 can inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cells and activate anti-tumor immune response. Methods Mouse CCL19 gene was inserted into the E3 region of oncolytic adenovirus Ad5 to obtain engineered oncolytic adenovirus Ad5-CCL19. The expression of CCL19 in Ad5-CCL19-infected mouse MFC cells was detected by Western blotting. The effects of Ad5-CCL19 on the proliferation of MFC cells, MGC803 cells and BGC823 cells were tested by MTT assay. The anti-tumor activity of Ad5-CCL19 in vivo was examined by MFC cell subcutaneous transplantation tumor model. Immunofluorescence histochemical staining was used to detect CD4 and CD8 expression in tumor tissue. The secretion levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in tumor infiltrating T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results Ad5-CCL19 could effectively infect MFC cells to secrete CCL19. Also, Ad5-CCL19 could induce significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity against target cells in vitro. The experiment in vivo showed that Ad5-CCL19 had stronger inhibitory effects on MFC cell tumor than Ad5 in the mice, and it could effectively enhance the infiltration of CD4

SUMOylation is a post-translational modification process that comprises a tandem enzymatic cascade, i.e., maturation, activation, conjugation, and ligation of a small ubiquitin-like modifier, which triggers the modulated activities and transport of the cellular proteins to other areas of the cell. In Oryza sativa (rice), OsSIZ1/2 encoding E3 SUMO ligase exerts regulatory influences on Pi homeostasis and developmental responses. However, the role of OsSAE1a, SUMO E1 activating enzyme, in regulating phosphate (Pi) utilization and/or growth and development is not known in rice and was thus investigated in this study. The qRT-PCR assay revealed a constitutive and variable spatiotemporal expression pattern of OsSAE1a in the vegetative and reproductive tissues and was comparable in the root and shoot grown under different Pi regimes. RNAi-mediated suppression of OsSAE1a exerted variable effects on the concentrations of Pi and total P in different tissues, uptake and distribution of 32Pi, and relative expression levels of several genes that play pivotal roles in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis. The effects of the mutation in OsSAE1a were also evident in the vegetative and reproductive traits of rice during growth in a hydroponic system and pot soil, respectively. Overall, these results suggest a broad-spectrum role of OsSAE1a in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis and regulating growth and development.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for radical resection of sigmoid cancer.91 patients with sigmoid cancer who underwent sigmoid cancer resection were divided to the Control Group (43 patients who underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery and pathological specimens were taken through the abdomen) and the Study Group (48 patients who were subjected to transanal endoscopic microsurgery and pathological specimens were taken through the anus). Comparisons were made about the operation time and the amount of surgical bleeding of the two groups, as well as the postoperative exhaust time and postoperative visual analogue score (VAS) of the two groups. Also, factors like the complications, postoperative hospitalization time, additional analgesic treatment, and treatment efficacy of patients within the first month after the surgery were compared between the two groups. Finally, a 3-year follow up for patients was performed to record the 3-year recurrence rates.The operation time and the amount of surgical bleeding of the Study Group were significantly lower than those of the Control Group (p0.05); the 3-year recurrence rate of the Study Group was lower than that of the Control Group. On the contrary, the 3-year survival rate of the Study Group was significantly higher than that of the Control Group (p0.05).The application of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for radical resection of sigmoid cancer is worthy of clinical promotion despite its high technical requirements for the surgeon and certain degree of promotion difficulty, since it boasts high effective rate, low rate of complications, and the contribution for decreased recurrence rate and improved survival. Key words: anal endoscopic microsurgery, sigmoid cancer, effectiveness, safety analysis.

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has made remarkable achievements in artificial intelligence. However, it relies on stochastic exploration that suffers from low efficiency, especially in the early learning stages, of which the time complexity is nearly exponential. To solve the problem, an algorithm, referred to as Generative Action Selection through Probability (GRASP), is proposed to improve exploration in reinforcement learning. The primary insight is to reshape exploration spaces to limit the choice of exploration behaviors. More specifically, GRASP trains a generator to generate the exploration spaces from demonstrations by generative adversarial network (GAN). And then the agent selects actions from new exploration spaces via modified ϵ -greedy algorithm to incorporate GRASP with existing standard deep reinforcement learning algorithms. Experiment results showed that deep reinforcement learning equipped with GRASP demonstrated significant improvements in simulated environments.

Fructose was served as a promising co-substrate to facilitate the biodegradation and detoxification of refractory reactive black 5 (RB5) by a novel isolated strain DDMZ1-2. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed its identity as Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. Herein, the strain DDMZ1-2 was capable of decolorizing RB5 at a wide range of pH values (3.5–10), temperatures (25-40 °C) and salinity levels (0%–5%) under static incubation. For a fructose addition, the strain could efficiently decolorize RB5 even in case of 1500 mg/L dyestuff concentration and greatly tolerate high concentrations (i.e., up to 500 mg/L) of heavy metal ions (Cd 2 + , Co 2 + , Mn 2 + , Cu 2 + , Zn 2 + and Cr6＋). An increased secretion and activity of extracellular azoreductase was measured for sample FRU200 (fructose added, 200 mg/L RB5) after 24 h. Real-time quantitative PCR approach suggested that azoreductase gene azoR3 was remarkably up-regulated by fructose addition. LC-QTOF-MS revealed RB5 dyestuff in sample FRU200 produced more intermediates with low molecular weight and potential reaction pathways. Microbial toxicity and phytotoxicity proved to be extremely reduced in RB5 degradation metabolites of fructose co-metabolism by the strain. Besides, the strain DDMZ1-2 was versatile and effective in decolorizing structurally discrepant dyes but with varying efficacy. These results give insights into the fructose co-metabolism for enhancing the biodegradation and detoxification capabilities of a novel isolated P. aeruginosa strain with great potentials for refractory dyeing wastewater remediation.

Due to many factors, most of HomeLink Real Estate service enterprise culture construction becomes a mere formality, the lack of personality, limit the development of enterprises vitality. Chinese real estate service enterprises want to get the existing market, to seek greater development, we must pay close attention to the construction of enterprise culture, to complete the system, complete the real estate services industry characteristics the enterprise culture, so as to realize the sustainable development of the real estate service enterprise. In view of these views, discussed the problems and Countermeasures of the construction of enterprise culture in Beijing HomeLink of home real estate brokerage Co. The article through the systematic summary of the problems and Countermeasures in the construction of enterprise culture HomeLink Real Estate, For reference.

In the present study, biochar particles (BPs) produced by the co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and corncobs at temperatures of 300, 500, and 700°C were characterized. The Pb

Rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease (RBSDVD) transmitted by small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) is one of the most destructive viral diseases in rice (Oryza sativa L.). It is urgent to explore resistance resources and genes to breed resistant cultivars for controlling this disease. In the present study, linkage analysis was performed using an RIL (recombinant inbred line) population including 181 lines and two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying resistance to RBSDVD, qRBSDVD5 and qRBSDVD6 were detected on chromosomes 5 and 6. Furthermore, 1070 sequenced diverse rice accessions collected from 72 countries or regions were evaluated for resistance to RBSDVD. Moreover, a significantly associated locus was also detected in the same interval of qRBSDVD6 by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Candidate genes were predicted in the significantly association interval with RBSDVD resistance. Among the five haplotypes of LOC_Os06g03120, encoding an aspartyl protease precursor, haplotype 1 showed higher resistance than the other four. The study provides a powerful resource for elucidating the mechanism underlying RBSDVD resistance and breeding resistance rice cultivars by molecular-assisted selection (MAS).

The mechanism of natural-hazard-triggered technological (Na-tech) cascading disasters is complex, and the extent to which their damage is aggravated by various secondary events is difficult to quantify. This study selected a large oil depot and constructed a full-scale three-dimensional scene model based on the surrounding geographical environment. The discrete element method (DEM), finite element method (FEM) and finite volume method (FVM) were employed to conduct numerical simulations of the process and consequences of the following Na-tech disasters: heavy-rainfall-induced landslide &rarr, blocks impacting an oil transportation pipeline and breaking it &rarr, oil leaking, spreading and resulting in a vapor cloud explosion. According to the results, the maximum impact of the 1 m3 of sliding mass formed in the landslide on the pipeline was over 7 MN (meganewton), and the pipeline fractured completely when it was loaded with a contact force of only 1.44 MN. The numerical simulation methods revealed the mechanism of Na-tech cascading disasters in a large oil depot and quantified the consequences of each event in the cascading disasters.

Imidacloprid (IMI) is used in integrated aquaculture systems for pest control and the toxicity of IMI to non-target aquatic animals such as fish and microcrustaceans has been recognised. However, knowledge about the toxic effect of IMI on commercial crabs is still scarce. In the present study, effects of IMI on the acute toxicity, antioxidative status, detoxification systems and gut microbiota in Chinese mitten crab, Erocheir sinensis were investigated. In the present study, the 96-h LC50 of IMI for E. sinensis was 24.97 mg/L. Under sublethal exposure, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased under low concentration (LC, 5 μg/L) and median concentration (MC, 50 μg/L) exposure, but decreased in high concentration group (HC, 500 μg/L). Activities of catalyse (CAT) decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Detoxification-related enzymes aminopyrine N-demethylase (APND) and erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) increased in all treatments whereas glutathione-S-transferase (GST) decreased dose-dependently. The relative mRNA expression of the cytochrome P4502 (cyp2) gene was induced significantly in LC and HC groups while no significant change was observed in cytochrome P4503 (cyp3) gene. The expression of gst was also significantly decreased in HC group. Up-regulation of heat shock protein hsp70 and 90 was observed in MC and HC groups whereas hsp60 up-regulated only in LC group. In addition, significant changes of composition of microbial communities at both phylum and genus levels were found in this test. In particular, beneficial bacteria were found to decrease and pathogens increased after exposure to IMI. These results indicate that high concentration of IMI could induce oxidative stress and suppress the detoxification system mainly by down-regulation of gst mRNA expression, inhibition of enzyme activities and dysbiosis of gut microbiota.

The heterogeneous properties of biomass particles make their processing difficult in the fluidized beds. To handle biomass particles more easily, the fluidization process of the flexible biomass particles in a cold fluidized bed riser was investigated in the present study. The behavior of biomass particles subjected to the air flow was studied via the Euler-Lagrange method. Meanwhile, the particles were analyzed via a 3D particle model, and the collision was considered based on the impulse-momentum theorem, Routh-Poisson method and Coulumb’s law of friction. The dynamic characteristics of the simulated particles, the particle distribution and the bending degree were first presented and validate the established model and the analysis with relevant experimental data. Then the fluidization processes of flexible biomass particles were analyzed under different air velocities and feeding rates. The obtained results indicated that particle distribution in the riser is uneven, and it has the bottom-dense and up-dilute characteristic in the axial direction and the central-dilute and near-wall-dense characteristic in the transverse direction. The flexible particles mainly present the bending patterns during the fluidization. The particle concentration presents regular variation under different conditions. The present method is valid to predict the dynamic behavior of flexible biomass particles, and paves a useful way to understand the treatment process of non-spherical particles.

Cui, Y.; Xu, D.Y.; Liu, Z.L., and Ross, D., 2020. Global research and trends in renewable energy: Ocean waves, tidal energy and offshore wind. In: Malvarez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 1485-1489. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The purpose of this study is to reveal the research trends of scientific outputs on marine renewable energy from ocean for the past 30 years and provide a potential guide for future research. A method of scientometric analysis was performed, based on the online version of the Web of Science and Scopus from 1990 to 2019. The authors evaluated the publication types, source countries, journals, the patterns of publication outputs, most cited articles, most-productive authors, institutional distributions, subject categories, high-frequency keywords in the 1,246 publications of marine renewable energy in total. The research results show that the general most concerned topics of are “renewable energy” “wave energy” “marine renewable energy” “ocean energy” and “tidal energy”, but the bioenergy has increasingly attracted more attention.

In the traditional power-assisted steering stability modeling and control algorithm based on PID, power control is achieved based on the filtering results of PID control signal, it lacks of road control process in the process of assisted control, with poor real-time control and low stability. In this paper, a new power-assisted steering stability modeling and control algorithm of electric vehicle is designed. Firstly, a power-assisted steering stability model of electric vehicle is constructed, to analyze the basic structure and working principle of the electric power steering (EPS) system, then a mathematical model of the EPS system is constructed. On this basis, the Simulink tool is used to establish simulation models for each subsystem of EPS. In the process of designing the control algorithm, the P algorithm and the PD algorithm are used to control the power, and the road model of the two algorithms is constructed. The steering gear ratio, the electromagnetic torque coefficient and the boosting current gain coefficient in the road model are adjusted to realize the electric vehicle assisted control. It is proved by experiments that the angle pulse input and the lateral accelerations of steady-state rotation of the electric vehicle under the control of the designed algorithm are \begin{document}$ -0.4 $\end{document} g to \begin{document}$ -0.3 $\end{document} g and \begin{document}$ -0.33 $\end{document} g to \begin{document}$ -0.72 $\end{document} g, and the yaw rate is \begin{document}$ -3 $\end{document} deg/sec to 17.5 deg/sec and 22 deg/sec to 34 deg/sec, respectively, indicating that the electric vehicle has a high dynamic response and stability under the control of the designed algorithm.

A novel photonic approach to the implementation of RF photonic phase shifter is proposed. It is based on a polarization dependent optical phase modulator and a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. The phase shift of RF signal has a predefined linear relationship with the dc bias voltage of the optical phase modulator. This enables users to easily determine the control voltage needed to realize the desired phase shift of RF signal. It can realize multiple photonic RF phase shifters simultaneously applied in optical controlled Phased Array Antennas. Results show the RF phase shifter can achieve a continuous −180 ∼ phase shift with little phase and amplitude variations over a wide frequency range.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of most common neurological disorders, mainly affecting women. The central nervous system (CNS) of this autoimmune disease is characterized by intermittent or chronic damage to the myelin sheaths (demyelination), local inflammation and axonal degeneration. During the early relapsing/remitting stages of MS, myelin can regenerate. However, as the disease progresses, both amount and activity of regenerated axons becomes insufficient, leading to impaired axon conduction, neurodegeneration and the worsening symptoms. Epidemiological study found that distinct symptom alleviation of diseases at a certain periods would be shown in women during pregnancy. The following basic researches indicated that sex hormones especially progesterone can significantly reduce the disease severity, moreover, the protective effect of sex hormone on the nervous system has become the research focus.

Three-dimensional simulations have been carried out to examine the gas–particle flow behavior of tobacco material in a fluidized bed dryer. The Euler–Euler model has been used to study the distribution of particles in the fluidized bed dryer. The simulation results indicate that tobacco particles usually concentrate in the near-wall region, and there exists a maximum particle concentration in the feed pipe. The predictions on the regions with high concentration of particles in the fluidized bed dryer agree well with the experimental findings. Moreover, this kind of dynamic particle aggregation might lead to particle clusters, and investigations of the particle motion and mixing behavior in the simulated systems indicate that there are particle clusters during fluidization. The diverse nature of clusters enriches the flow behaviors of particles and consequently leads to the macro-scale heterogeneity featuring fast fluidization: dilute at the top and dense at the bottom in the axial direction as well as the core–annulus structure in the radial direction. Therefore, the particle clusters is one of the key problems in drying processes, which must be known for understanding the material distribution inside the dryer, as well as for the system design of fluidized bed dryers. According to the results, some improvements on the fluidized bed dryer have been brought out and the relative numerical experiments have been performed. The numerical experiments show that the improvements can realize better uniformity and lead to a decrease in the particle concentration, which provides useful ways to solve the clustering problem.

The mixing processes of slender particles in a rotary dryer fitted with lifters were simulated in three dimensions. Particle motion was modeled by the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and a three dimensional collision model for slender particles was developed. Contact force, friction force and gravitational force acting on an individual slender particle were considered when establishing mathematics models. The influences of rotational velocity on the mixing of slender particles were discussed and compared with those of spherical particles under identical operating conditions. It was found that the mixing characteristics of slender particles and spherical particles all followed a constant rate until a completely mixed state was encountered. But there were still certain differences between these two kinds of particles. The influences of the lifters with different shapes were further discussed for slender particles. Selected stimulation results were obtained and would provide consults for the further study of slender particles.

The effects of Dioscorea opposita (huai shan yao, HSY) on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance were investigated in vitro and in vivo. D. opposita extract reduced significantly the blood insulin and glucose levels in dexamethasone-induced diabetic rats. In vitro, HSY significantly enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, HSY increase the mRNA expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These data suggest that D. opposita has insulin sensitivity that is associated with the regulation of GLUT4 expression.

The formation of one or two hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) between canthaxanthin (CAN), a dye, and the silanol group(s) on the MCM-41 surface has been studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and calorimetric experiments. It was found that the formation of the H-bond(s) stabilized the CAN molecule more than its radical cation (CAN(•+)). The charge distribution, bond lengths, and the HOMO and LUMO energies of CAN are also affected. The formation of the H-bond(s) explains the lower photoinduced electron transfer efficiency of CAN imbedded in Cu-MCM-41 versus that for β-carotene (CAR) imbedded in Cu-MCM-41 where complex formation with Cu(2+) dominates. These calculations show that to achieve high electron transfer efficiency for a dye-sensitized solar cell, H-bonding between the dye and the host should be avoided.

This paper aims to make an analysis of the effects of ganglioside (GM) combined with methylprednisolone (MP) in early acute spinal injury. Fifty-three patients with acute spinal cord injury were included in this study and they were randomly divided into experimental and control group. Twenty-seven patients in the control group were treated with MP, while the rest 26 patients received more GM based on that. By observing and comparing the clinical responses from patients and recovery time of all indexes, results came out: the curative rates in the experimental and control group were 50.0%, 40.7% respectively, and the total effective rates were 92.3%, 85.2% respectively. There was a remarkable difference between the two groups (P0.05). Patients in the experimental group took 6.2 ± 1.9d to restore their sphincter function, 11.2 ± 2.8d to recover their muscle forces to over grade II, and 13.8 ± 3.9d to return general activity, while the patients in the other group clearly spent longer time on recovery, that were 12.1 ± 3.2, 19.2 ± 4.6 and 23.9 ± 5.6 respectively. The distinct difference between the two groups was of statistical significance (P0.05). We conclude that GM has better curative effects than MP, for it is able to promote the recovery of nerve function for patients and greatly improve the prognosis.

A novel synthetic method using an original and practical procedure for the preparation of the N-PNZ protected 2-aminomethylpyrrolidin-4-ylthio-containing side chain of doripenem hydrate (S-4661), a new parenteral 1 beta-methylcarbapenem antibiotic, is described. trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline was converted through an efficient process to (2S,4S)-4-acetylthio-2-(N- sulfamoyl-4-nitro-benzyloxycarbonyl-aminomethyl)-1-(4-nitrobenzyloxycarb onyl) pyrrolidine with 60-70% overall yield via a two-step sequence. This procedure requires no chromatographic purifications, no cryogenic temperatures, no haloalkane solvent, and shorter operating times and avoids the side reaction brought by acid hydrolysis. Furthermore, the product was obtained as a crystal rather than an oil, which made it to be an advantage for quantization in the pilot-scale manufacture. Several kilograms of the side chain were prepared by using this method.

Solid and porous chitosan/gelatin (CG) composite microcarriers were prepared by a water-in-oil emulsion process with additional freezing and lyophilization. Adult rat hepatocytes (10(6) cells ml(-1)) attached on CG microcarriers maintained at least 15 d of viability and differentiated functions. Over 15 d, unimmobilized hepatocytes released 1.34-fold less lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and retained 1.63-, 1.51- and 1.28-fold higher albumin secretion, urea synthesis and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylation activities, respectively, than those on collagen-coated microcarriers. The CG matrix is therefore a promising microcarrier for hepatocyte culture.

The development of entrepreneurship education is a complicated system engineering, depends on the state, society, universities, enterprises and individuals in all aspects of support, efforts and cooperation. This paper expounds the present situation of college students’ entrepreneurial education and the necessity, entrepreneurial education system from college students in our country construction principles, the transformation of the notion of education, entrepreneurship education discipline construction and course teaching system, teachers’ construction, enterprise practice base, social security system and the spirit of the entrepreneur education of the concrete analysis, and at the end of entrepreneurship education are given evaluation system construction.

With the Chinese higher education becoming popularity, college students now face unprecedented pressure of employment. College students autonomous entrepreneurship is an effective solution to alleviate the present employment pressure, and also a good choice of guiding students to realize their own value pioneering spirit. Entrepreneurship is a crucial option of college graduates getting rid of the present employment pressure and accomplishing their self-worth. But due to the influence of traditional Chinese culture, there are a lot of comments on college students autonomous entrepreneurship varying from person to person in our society. Should say college students' entrepreneurship is a objective phenomenon. Exploring the college students' present business status, connotation, characteristics and some of the reasons behind the necessity and significance, meanwhile, anticipating college students autonomous entrepreneurship in future, which is not only seek the realization of their own interests college entrepreneurs, more college students achieve career planning and development needs, and also to drive others to employment.

Based on the diversification agent of corporation group, this article analyzed the problems which existed in diversification, finally gave the corresponding countermeasures, hoped to give corporation group some inspirations and attention points who is engaging or about to engage in diversification.

Biogas is a renewable primary energy source. The aim of the current study was to quantify the effect of temperature and feedstock size on biogas production of water hyacinth used for phytoremediation of rural domestic wastewater using anaerobic digestion (AD) process on a batch scale. This experiment consisted of two factors: AD temperature (mesophilic, 35°C) and thermophilic (55°C) and feedstock size (water hyacinth chopped to 6–10 mm, or 15–20 mm). The biogas production, pH, TOC, TKN, TS, and VS contents of the effluents (substrates) were investigated. The results showed that: Higher temperature with smaller size could improve the water hyacinth biogas productivity. The highest biogas production rate was obtained in T6–10 treatment and is higher by 12%, 42%, and 59% in average compared to the biogas production rate from T 15–20 , M 6–10 and M 15–20 , respectively. However, the production rate of biogas from M 6–10 and M 15–20 are no different. The VS content in the effluent was increased slowly with the time, but the VS content reduction in the working substrates ultimately. The initial pH of substrates was 6.7 being well suited for AD process. the ratio of C/N was kept going down fell from 27.4 to 21.5, 22.3, 25.3 and 25.7 with the T 6–10 , T 15–20 , M 6–10 and M 15–20 treatment, respectively, and thereafter variation less than 5%. Based on the analysis of the results, a conclusion can be made: thermophilic condition with smaller size can be more benefit for the biodegradation of water hyacinth AD process.

This article describes the design and construction of a refitted hydraulic press used for water hyacinth dewatering. The performance under different pressures of the press was investigated. The press system mainly composed five parts: support frame, round press plates, cylindrical sieve vessel, collection bucket and hydraulic power system. When the pressure increased from 10 MPa to 35 MPa, the residues water content decreased from 87.6% to 81.3% and the fresh water hyacinth volume reductions rate rose from 35% to 77%, and the average WHPJ production was 0.32 kg per kg fresh water hyacinth. The physicochemical characteristics of WHPJ such as pH, EC, SS, COD, TN and TP all varied with the pressure increasing. When the pressure increased from 10 MPa to 20 MPa the content growth rate of per parameter was small, but the pressure continue to increase the content of all parameters are rapidly rising, pH and EC excepted, the WHPJ characteristics can be adjusted by different pressures. According to the experimental results, it may be inferred that this press was shown to be suitable for water hyacinth dewatering of having evident waste reduction and efficient of juice production.

Based on the strategies and core competence of corporation group, this article briefly introduces its diversification classification method, finally proposes the diversification development based on its core competence, achieves advantage position to achieve the goal of sustainable development in the developing process of corporation group.

Error models characterize the statistics of bursty error sequences encountered in digital wireless channels and are therefore, useful for the cross-layer design of wireless networks. In this paper, target error sequences are generated by computer simulations of multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra wideband (UWB) systems. A corresponding generative model is then developed based on a properly parameterized and sampled deterministic process followed by a threshold detector and two parallel mappers. Simulation results indicate that the developed deterministic process based generative model (DPBGM) enables us to approximate very closely the characteristics of target error sequences with respect to all the interested burst error statistics.