Search

Sexual harassment is pervasive globally within hospitality organizations. This conceptual study identifies organizational climate characteristics that make the restaurant work environment unique as compared to other industries. The work environment is based upon keeping the customer happy, includes gender gaps in power structures, emphasis on appearances, entrepreneurial in nature, the physical work environment, and alcohol is served. A framework for sexual harassment training must consider organizational factors, pre/post training, design, and evaluation. The study also provides a framework for sexual harassment training given these distinctive esthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational experiences include coursework and career development activities offered by the educational institution, which contribute to students' self-efficacy. In an academic discipline such as hospitality and tourism, students frequently get practical work experience(s) to build up their self-efficacy. This study surveyed hospitality students to examine the mediation role of the five sub-factors of career decision-making self-efficacy in the relationship between work experience and career expectations. All five sub-factors of self-efficacy are significant and positive mediators of the relationship between work experience and career expectations. The mediation results provide possibilities for hospitality educators to combine the work or internship experiences with assignments or exercises to help students build their self-efficacy and better understand the interrelationship of the two. An example assignment is comparing and contrasting what is learned in the classroom with a work or internship experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern pinnipeds (seals, sea lions and the walrus) are semi-aquatic, generally marine carnivores the limbs of which have been modified into flippers. Recent phylogenetic studies using morphological and molecular evidence support pinniped monophyly, and suggest a sister relationship with ursoids (1,2) (for example bears) or musteloids (3-7) (the Glade that includes skunks, badgers, weasels and otters). Although the position of pinnipeds within modern carnivores appears moderately well resolved, fossil evidence of the morphological steps leading from a terrestrial ancestor to the modern marine forms has been weak or contentious. The earliest well-represented fossil pinniped is Enaliarctos, a marine form with flippers, which had appeared on the northwestern shores of North America by the early Miocene epoch (8,9). Here we report the discovery of a nearly complete skeleton of a new semi-aquatic carnivore from an early Miocene lake deposit in Nunavut, Canada, that represents a morphological link in early pinniped evolution. The new taxon retains a long tail and the proportions of its fore- and hindlimbs are more similar to those of modern terrestrial carnivores than to modern pinnipeds. Morphological traits indicative of semi-aquatic adaptation include a forelimb with a prominent deltopectoral ridge on the humerns, a posterodorsally expanded scapula, a pelvis with relatively short ilium, a shortened femur and flattened phalanges, suggestive of webbing. The new fossil shows evidence of pinniped affinities and similarities to the early Oligocene Amphicticeps from Asia and the late Oligocene and Miocene Potamotherium from Europe. The discovery suggests that the evolution of pinnipeds included a freshwater transitional phase, and may support the hypothesis that the Arctic was an early centre of pinniped evolution., Among mammals, the land-to-sea transition has occurred several times with varying completeness, as shown by cetaceans, sirenians, desmostylians, pinnipeds and sea otters. This transition is characterized by innovations associated with [...]

Abstract: Boreameryx braskerudi, gen. et sp. nov., from Early Pliocene (about 5-4 Ma) deposits of Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, is represented by the posterior portion of a dentary with three molars, [...]