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Youth involved in 4-H projects have been engaged in science-related endeavors for years. Since 2006, 4-H has invested considerable resources in the advancement of science learning. The new Minnesota 4-H Science of Agriculture Challenge program challenges 4-H youth to work together to identify agriculture-related issues in their communities and to work with local experts, using scientific and engineering principles, to devise real solutions for those issues. The Minnesota 4-H Science of Agriculture Challenge program has the potential to change the way scientific and engineering principles are integrated into 4-H youth development programming.

Background: Respiratory disease is common in people with intellectual disability (ID). The inhaled route is preferred for medication administration in treating respiratory diseases, including asthma. People with ID often need assistance with taking medicines due to cognitive, physical, and sensory impairments; in supported accommodation this assistance is provided by direct support professionals (DSPs). Method: A qualitative study design was used to explore DSPs' experiences with asthma medication management. Data were collected via in-depth, semistructured, face-to-face or telephone interviews.Results Key findings included the complex balance of duties undertaken by DSPs, and a lack of consistency in asthma management processes across sites. Conclusions: This exploratory research suggests that DSPs are involved in asthma management and required to use clinical judgement, but are not provided with education and tools to manage asthma in, and foster correct inhaler use by, their clients. This highlights the need for tailored guidelines that integrate with the principles of the National Disability Insurance Scheme.

Background and Objective: Breathlessness is prevalent and associated with medical consequences. Obesity is related to breathlessness. However, the magnitude of its contribution has not been clearly documented. This investigation aimed to determine the contribution of obesity to breathlessness by estimating the population attributable fraction (PAF) in a representative sample of Australian adults. Methods: A cross‐sectional, nationally representative survey of Australian residents aged ≥18 years was conducted in October 2019. Breathlessness was defined as modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale grade ≥2. BMI was calculated from self‐reported height and weight. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) were estimated using a generalized linear model with Poisson distribution, adjusted for age group and/or participant‐reported diagnosed illnesses. Adjusted PAFs were estimated using aRR and obesity prevalence in Australian adults. Results: Among those who completed the National Breathlessness Survey, 9769 participants (51.4% female) were included in the analysis; 28.1% of participants were obese. The prevalence of breathlessness was 9.54%. The aRR of obesity for breathlessness was 2.04, adjusted for age. Adjusting for various co‐morbid conditions, the aRR was slightly attenuated to around 1.85–1.98. The PAF, adjusted only for age, was 24.6% (95% CI 20.1–29.1) and after further adjustment for co‐morbid conditions, the PAF ranged from 21.1% to 23.6%. Obesity accounted for a higher proportion of breathlessness in women than in men. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that obesity accounts for around a quarter of breathlessness symptoms in Australian adults. This has important implications for health policy in light of the global trend in increasing obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popular music is pervasive in our culture and in the lives of our students. Its inclusion in music education curricula requires authentic approaches through collaborative informal learning processes. It has been our experience that college students may be notation dependent and while they may recognize and utilize informal processes outside the classroom, they have not pedagogically considered its use in their future classrooms. This article revolves around the experiences of American University students in one secondary general music methods classroom and their engagement of informal learning processes in order to foster a vision and formulate a pedagogical plan for the incorporation of popular music in the classroom. From the instructors' perspective a three-fold process occurred that enabled meaningful engagement in this experience, that of: (1) disequilibrium; (2) breaking down existing barriers; and (3) student transformation. Corporately we discovered the inclusion of popular music unleashed a thriving discourse concerning connection and relevancy to students' lives. (Contains 4 figures.)

The guiding principle behind the healing of racism is the Oneness of Humankind. This is not an old concept warmed over. It is knowledge about our collective capacity to reach deep into the human spirit and solve the most complex challenges of our time. The compound problem of race and other issues such as poverty only can be resolved with the acceptance and understanding of our human oneness. The pressing need is to be unified in all essential aspects of human life, yet infinite in our diversity. This article describes the work of the Institutes for Healing Racism, which involves intensive two-day experiences that move beyond tolerance to create deep learning. These result in new cognitive and emotional understanding among persons who had not previously experienced deep meaningful relationships across racial divides. To understand how racism distorts reality, many beliefs must be reconstructed. The stories of healing racism involve transformational, emotional experiences. Genuine human interactions are blended with specific subject matter, including: (1) Recognizing that racism is an emotional commitment to dysfunctional beliefs; (2) Understanding the pervasive impact of White privilege; (3) Recognizing the effect of institutional or structural racism; (4) Embracing the Oneness of Humankind; and (5) Taking new steps in the Healing Racism journey.

Using the Counselor Trainee Attitudes Measure (CTAM) to assess student attitudes toward alcohol and other drug abuse (AODA), results indicated that students had more positive attitudes toward AODA when they were in recovery or had a family member in recovery. Furthermore, completion of AODA related courses predicted more positive attitudes toward AODA. Undergraduate versus graduate standing also appear to play a role in model adherence. (Contains 1 table.)

The historical evolution of the rehabilitation profession is addressed, and current issues facing rehabilitation educators and professionals are identified. Clearly, both our practice environments and our consumers are continuously evolving and becoming more diverse. Simultaneously, a need exists to be seen as a stable, unified profession. Specific issues including the continuing development of private rehabilitation licensure and accreditation, increasing consumer diversity, and movement toward evidence-based practices are identified as critical issues for rehabilitation educators and professionals.

Researchers in this study sought to construct an instrument specifically designed to measure counselor trainee attitudes toward alcohol and drug abuse. The instrument, the "Counselor Trainee Attitudes Measure" (CTAM), used for this research was developed collectively by the researchers. The CTAM gathered demographic data including undergraduate or graduate status, gender, current major, age, postsecondary institution and the total number of addiction specific courses completed at both the undergraduate and graduate level. Student attitudes were measured through the use of 35 statements about substance abuse, people with alcohol and drug abuse issues, people with disabilities, and treatment options for AODA problems. There were 74 complete and usable responses for the instrument. Nineteen males and 55 females completed the survey. Forty respondents (54%) were classified as undergraduates and 34 (46%) were classified as graduate students. Respondents' ranged in age from 19 years to 55 years. The mean age of all respondents was 29.2 years. Findings included significant differences in the between-subjects variable of recovery status, as well as an interaction effect for class standing and recovery status. Respondents who did have someone close to them experience a substance use disorder reported higher mean agreements with the medical and natural recovery models than the moral model; whereas individuals that did not have an experience with someone close to them reported higher agreement with the moral model and lower agreement with the medical and natural recovery models. The interaction effect of class standing and recovery status was significant; however interpretation of the results proved difficult due to a small sample size.

This research reports an exploratory study of 22 pre-service teachers involved in the Religious Education courses offered by The University of Notre Dame Australia, as part of the university's accreditation to teach religious education. The study examined the influence of key factors on how confident these pre-service teachers perceived themselves to be to engage with the necessary knowledge to effectively teach religious education in a Catholic school. The pre-service teachers were surveyed pre and post their final-year internship, and subsequently, six of these were interviewed at the end of their first term of employment. Results indicated that out of the five compulsory courses, the two teaching method courses were found to be most influential in developing confidence to teach. Family, religious background, schooling, and mentoring were found to be influential in confidence development. In addition, confidence improved across the timeframe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) education is important to the well-being of individuals, families, and communities, and a rationale helps to justify the existence of these programs. This article suggests a critical science-based perspective for developing a rationale. In addition, it poses important questions for teachers, educators, parents, and community members about the role of FCS.