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61. PATHS TO PRESERVE: Tap into the advancements of landscape ecology, not just expert knowledge, to identify and restore elephant corridors.

Author

Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Cushman, Samuel A., and Davidar, Priya

Subjects
LANDSCAPE ecology, CORRIDORS (Ecology), BIODIVERSITY conservation, ELEPHANTS, WILDLIFE conservation, HABITAT conservation, SCIENTIFIC method, ASIATIC elephant
Abstract

The article discusses the importance of identifying and restoring elephant corridors to protect the Asian elephant population and conserve biodiversity. It highlights the limitations of relying solely on expert knowledge to identify corridors and emphasizes the need to incorporate advancements in landscape ecology and animal behavior. The article explains how field data, GIS technology, and adapted algorithms can be used to accurately predict elephant movement and identify functional corridors. It also calls for the development of a national framework based on scientific methods to ensure effective habitat connectivity and conservation. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

62. SEABIRD AND CETACEAN OCCURRENCE IN THE BAY OF BENGAL ASSOCIATED WITH MARINE PRODUCTIVITY AND COMMERCIAL FISHING EFFORT

Author

Mondreti, Ravichandra, Davidar, Priya, Ryan, Peter, Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste, Grémillet, David, Université de Pondichéry, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and gremillet, david

Subjects
overfishing, upper trophic level predators, conservation, Bay of Bengal, [SDU.STU.OC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, at-sea survey, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, cetaceans, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, seabirds, biogeography, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; At-sea observations of seabirds and cetaceans provide essential baseline information about their biogeography and behaviour, facilitating marine spatial planning and management. Much of the world's oceans have been surveyed, yet some regions remain particularly data-poor for seabirds and cetaceans, including the Bay of Bengal. We performed 39 d of vessel-based observations within the Bay of Bengal from 2012 to 2014, surveying an overall linear distance of 4722.3 km. We observed 2697 seabirds of 17 species and 1441 cetaceans of at least eight species. Among the seabirds, Sooty Terns Onychoprion fuscatus (n = 2282, 85% of all birds) and Wedge-tailed Shearwaters Ardenna pacifica (n = 327, 12%) predominated, whereas cetacean numbers were dominated by Spinner Dolphins Stenella longirostris (n = 772, 54% of all cetaceans) and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops aduncus (n = 533, 37%). Other seabirds and cetaceans accounted for only 4% and 7%, respectively, of all sightings. The abundance and diversity of both groups was low compared to other tropical areas. We propose that low seabird and cetacean abundance results from low productivity due to stratification in the Bay of Bengal, as well as long-lasting disturbance, overexploitation of marine resources, possible impacts of longline fisheries, and the near absence of seabird breeding sites.

Published
2020

63. Do developmental initiatives influence local attitudes toward conservation? A case study from the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India

Author

Arjunan, M., Holmes, Christopher, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, and Davidar, Priya

Subjects
Wildlife conservation -- Case studies, Forest conservation -- Case studies, Tigers -- Case studies, Environmental protection -- Case studies, Environmental issues
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.06.007 Byline: M. Arjunan (a), Christopher Holmes (b), Jean-Philippe Puyravaud (c), Priya Davidar (a) Abstract: We evaluated the conservation attitudes of the local villagers living adjacent to the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in southern India 6 years after implementation of a World Bank funded eco-development project. We assessed attitudes towards three facets of conservation: the tiger, an emblematic species signifying India's commitment to wildlife conservation; the forest, a principle source of fuel-wood and other products; and the Forest Department, which manages the forest. More specifically we predicted that (i) attitudes would be an effective predictor of resource use interest in the forest and (ii) benefits obtained from the EDP would create more favorable attitudes towards conservation and the protected area employees. Twelve villages located within 3km from the reserve boundary were chosen and 2-3% of the households interviewed with regard to their attitudes towards these three facets of conservation, their household resource use patterns, wealth, sex, age and length of residency. We found significant associations between wealth, sex, age and both tiger and forest conservation. Providing benefits has not changed the underlying attitudes of the communities. The poorer sections of society, whether receiving benefits or not, tended to support tiger conservation because conserving wildlife did not affect their livelihood in any way, whereas both the rich and poor had misgivings about forest conservation due to dependency on forest products. We conclude that the eco-development project has not effectively addressed the most important of the local concerns. Author Affiliation: (a) Salim Ali School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605 014, India (b) WCS International, B.P. 8500 Soavimbahoaka, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar (c) ITPI India Pvt. Ltd., 6 Romain Rolland Street, Pondicherry 605 001, India Article History: Received 20 August 2004; Revised 16 May 2005; Accepted 20 June 2005

Published
2006

65. Pollination systems of trees in Kakachi, a mid-elevation wet evergreen forest in Western Ghats, India

Author

Devy, M. Soubadra and Davidar, Priya

Subjects
Pollination -- Research, Trees -- Research, Trees -- Physiological aspects, Trees -- Sexual behavior, Botany -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

A long-term survey (1990-2000) of pollination modes of 86 tree species was carried out at Kakachi, a mid-elevation wet forest site in southern Western Ghats, India. Observations were made on 86 tree species. This comprises 80% of the total arborescent species present in the site. Approximately 75% of these species were specialized to a single pollinator group such as bee, beetle, or moth. Pollinators from diverse groups pollinate the remaining 25% of the tree species. Global comparison with other wet forest sites showed that diversity and specialized pollination modes observed in Kakachi bore closer resemblance to other lowland than montane forest sites described so far. However, the number of pollinators involved in pollination was comparable with montane sites. We examine the consequences that might have led to selection of the observed pollination modes in Kakachi. We discuss the conservation implications of these results. Key words: India; pollination systems; Western Ghats; wet forest.

Published
2003

68. Wildlife managers ignore previous knowledge at great risk: the case of Rivaldo, the iconic wild Asian Elephant Elephas maximus L. of the Sigur Region, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India.

Author

Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe and Davidar, Priya

Subjects
ASIATIC elephant, BIOSPHERE reserves, WILDLIFE managers, PRIOR learning, ELEPHANTS
Abstract

Management of wildlife depends mostly on scientific data; ignoring this can lead to unintended consequences. We take the case study of the wild male Asian Elephant Rivaldo of the Sigur Region, who was translocated out of his range. Rivaldo returned to his home range within a few days, which could have been expected if scientific publications had been consulted. We suggest that a simple checklist of relevant publications can help park managers to decide on a proper management procedure. We also used a simple Bayesian framework to visually show how the probability of predicting a management outcome is increased by prior knowledge. The expensive and risky effort to relocate the elephant could have been avoided altogether if prior knowledge had been taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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69. Predicting range shifts of Asian elephants under global change

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fish and Wildlife Service (US), International Elephant Foundation, Kanagaraj, Rajapandian, Araújo, Miguel B., Barman, Rathin, Davidar, Priya, De, Rahul, Digal, Dinesh, Gopi, G.V., Johnsingh, A.J.T., Kakati, Kashmira, Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Lamichhane, Babu R., Lyngdoh, Salvador, Madhusudan, M. D., Najar, Muneer UI Islam, Parida, Jyortirmayee, Pradhan, Narendra M.B., Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Raghunath, R., Rahim, P.P. Addul, Muthamizh Selvan, K., Subedi, Naresh, Trabucco, Antonio, Udayraj, Swati, Wiegand, Thorsten, Williams, Amirtharaj, Goyal, Surendra P., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fish and Wildlife Service (US), International Elephant Foundation, Kanagaraj, Rajapandian, Araújo, Miguel B., Barman, Rathin, Davidar, Priya, De, Rahul, Digal, Dinesh, Gopi, G.V., Johnsingh, A.J.T., Kakati, Kashmira, Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Lamichhane, Babu R., Lyngdoh, Salvador, Madhusudan, M. D., Najar, Muneer UI Islam, Parida, Jyortirmayee, Pradhan, Narendra M.B., Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Raghunath, R., Rahim, P.P. Addul, Muthamizh Selvan, K., Subedi, Naresh, Trabucco, Antonio, Udayraj, Swati, Wiegand, Thorsten, Williams, Amirtharaj, and Goyal, Surendra P.

Abstract

[Aim]: Climate change alters the water cycle, potentially affecting the distribution of species. Using an ensemble of species distribution models (SDMs), we predicted changes in distribution of the Asian elephant in South Asia due to increasing climatic variability under warming climate and human pressures., [Location]: India and Nepal., [Methods]: We compiled a comprehensive geodatabase of 115 predictor variables, which included climatic, topographic, human pressures and land use, at a resolution of 1 km2, and an extensive database on current distribution of elephants. For variable selection, we first developed 14 candidate models based on different hypotheses on elephant habitat selection. For each candidate model, a series of 240 individual models were evaluated using several metrics. Using three climatic and one land use change datasets for two greenhouse gas scenarios, ensemble SDMs were used to predict future projections., [Results]: Nine predictor variables were selected for ensemble SDMs. Elephant distribution is driven predominantly by changes in climatic water balance (>60%), followed by changes in temperature and human‐induced disturbance. The results suggest that around 41.8% of the 256,518 km2 of habitat available at present will be lost by the end of this century due to combined effects of climate change and human pressure. Projected habitat loss will be higher in human‐dominated sites at lower elevations due to intensifying droughts, leading elephants to seek refuge at higher elevations along valleys with greater water availability in the Himalayan Mountains., [Main conclusions]: Changes in climatic water balance could play a crucial role in driving species distributions in regions with monsoonal climates. In response, species would shift their range upwards along gradients of water availability and seasonal droughts. Conservation and management of elephant populations under global change should include design of movement corridors to enable dispersal of the elephant and other associated species to more conducive environments.

Published
2019

72. Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Author

Ferry Slik, J.W., Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., K, Anitha, Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard, Gerardo A., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith, Bastin, Jean-François, Bellingham, Peter J., Van den Berg, Eduardo, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George B., Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M., Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H.S., Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Din, Hazimah, Drake, Ronald D., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A.O., Schmidt Eler, Eduardo, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Souza Garcia, Queila, Chandra Garkoti, Satish, Gillepsie, Thomas W., Gillet, Jean-François, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-de la Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Rehman Hakeem, Khalid, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, Shah, Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, Faridah, Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G.W., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon C., Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Bin Mahmud, Khairil, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel, Calderado Leal Matos, Darley, Meave, Jorge A., Melo, Felipe P.L., Aguirre Mendoza, Zhofre Huberto, Metali, Faizah, Medjibé, Vincent, Metzger, Jean Paul, Metzker, Thiago, Mohandass, D., Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Nurtjahy, Eddy, Lenza de Oliveira, Eddie, Onrizal, Onrizal, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Perez, Rolando, Pérez-Garcia, Eudardo A., Pommer, Ulf, Poorter, Lourens, Qie, Lan, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Rangel, Orlando, Reitsma, Jan, Rocha, Diogo S.B., Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Nizam Mohd Said, Mohd, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Dos Santos, João Roberto, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Schmitt, Christine B., Schoengart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Sheil, Douglas, and Sist, Plinio

Subjects
Changement climatique, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Forêt, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, forêt tropicale, Biodiversité
Abstract

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.

Published
2018

77. Pan-tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Zebaze, Donatien, Bastin, Jean-François, Rutishauser, Ervan, Kellner, James R., Saatchi, Sassan, Pélissier, Raphael, Hérault, Bruno, Slik, Ferry, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Marshall, Andrew R., Poulsen, John, Alvarez-Loyayza, Patricia, Andrade, Ana, Angbonga-Basia, Albert, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ayyappan, Narayanan, de Azevedo, Celso Paulo, Banki, Olaf, Barbier, Nicolas, Barroso, Jorcely G., Beeckman, Hans, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Brandão, Hilandia, Brearley, Francis Q., Breuer Ndoundou Hockemba, Mireille, Brienen, Roel, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa, cassart benoît, Chave, Jérôme, Chazdon, Robin, Chuyong, Georges, Clark, David B., Clark, Connie J., Condit, Richard, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Davidar, Priya, de Haulleville, Thalès, Descroix, Laurent, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Dourdain, Aurelie, Droissart, Vincent, Duncan, Thomas, Silva Espejo, Javier, Espinosa, Santiago, Farwig, Nina, Fayolle, Adeline, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferraz, Antonio, Fletcher, Christine, Gajapersad, Krisna, Gillet, Jean-François, Amaral, Iêda Leão do, Gonmadje, Christelle, Grogan, James, Harris, David, Herzog, Sebastian K., Homeier, Jürgen, Hubau, Wannes, Hubbell, Stephen P., Hufkens, Koen, Hurtado, Johanna, Kamdem, Narcisse G., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Labrière, Nicolas, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lewis, Simon L., Libalah, Moses B., Ligot, Gauthier, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Martin, Emmanuel H., Matius, Paulus, Meyer, Victoria, Mendoza Bautista, Casimero, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Mtui, Arafat, Neill, David, Parada Gutierrez, Germaine Alexander, Pardo, Guido, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Phillips, Oliver L., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Ploton, Pierre, Ponette, Quentin, Ramesh, B. R., Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Rolim, Samir Gonçalves, Saltos, Hugo Romero, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Zebaze, Donatien, Bastin, Jean-François, Rutishauser, Ervan, Kellner, James R., Saatchi, Sassan, Pélissier, Raphael, Hérault, Bruno, Slik, Ferry, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Marshall, Andrew R., Poulsen, John, Alvarez-Loyayza, Patricia, Andrade, Ana, Angbonga-Basia, Albert, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ayyappan, Narayanan, de Azevedo, Celso Paulo, Banki, Olaf, Barbier, Nicolas, Barroso, Jorcely G., Beeckman, Hans, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Brandão, Hilandia, Brearley, Francis Q., Breuer Ndoundou Hockemba, Mireille, Brienen, Roel, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa, cassart benoît, Chave, Jérôme, Chazdon, Robin, Chuyong, Georges, Clark, David B., Clark, Connie J., Condit, Richard, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Davidar, Priya, de Haulleville, Thalès, Descroix, Laurent, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Dourdain, Aurelie, Droissart, Vincent, Duncan, Thomas, Silva Espejo, Javier, Espinosa, Santiago, Farwig, Nina, Fayolle, Adeline, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferraz, Antonio, Fletcher, Christine, Gajapersad, Krisna, Gillet, Jean-François, Amaral, Iêda Leão do, Gonmadje, Christelle, Grogan, James, Harris, David, Herzog, Sebastian K., Homeier, Jürgen, Hubau, Wannes, Hubbell, Stephen P., Hufkens, Koen, Hurtado, Johanna, Kamdem, Narcisse G., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Labrière, Nicolas, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lewis, Simon L., Libalah, Moses B., Ligot, Gauthier, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Martin, Emmanuel H., Matius, Paulus, Meyer, Victoria, Mendoza Bautista, Casimero, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Mtui, Arafat, Neill, David, Parada Gutierrez, Germaine Alexander, Pardo, Guido, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Phillips, Oliver L., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Ploton, Pierre, Ponette, Quentin, Ramesh, B. R., Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Rolim, Samir Gonçalves, and Saltos, Hugo Romero

Abstract

Aim: Large tropical trees form the interface between ground and airborne observations, offering a unique opportunity to capture forest properties remotely and to investigate their variations on broad scales. However, despite rapid development of metrics to characterize the forest canopy from remotely sensed data, a gap remains between aerial and field inventories. To close this gap, we propose a new pan‐tropical model to predict plot‐level forest structure properties and biomass from only the largest trees. Location: Pan‐tropical. Time period: Early 21st century. Major taxa studied: Woody plants. Methods: Using a dataset of 867 plots distributed among 118 sites across the tropics, we tested the prediction of the quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey’s height, community wood density and aboveground biomass (AGB) from the ith largest trees. Results: Measuring the largest trees in tropical forests enables unbiased predictions of plot‐ and site‐level forest structure. The 20 largest trees per hectare predicted quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey’s height, community wood density and AGB with 12, 16, 4, 4 and 17.7% of relative error, respectively. Most of the remaining error in biomass prediction is driven by differences in the proportion of total biomass held in medium‐sized trees (50–70 cm diameter at breast height), which shows some continental dependency, with American tropical forests presenting the highest proportion of total biomass in these intermediate‐diameter classes relative to other continents. Main conclusions: Our approach provides new information on tropical forest structure and can be used to generate accurate field estimates of tropical forest carbon stocks to support the calibration and validation of current and forthcoming space missions. It will reduce the cost of field inventories and contribute to scientific understanding of tropical forest ecosystems and response to climate change.

Published
2018

78. Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests

Author

Slik, J. W. Ferry, Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., Anitha, Kamalakumari, Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard, Gerardo A., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-François, Bellingham, Peter, van den Berg, Eduardo, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewangog, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana, Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere Shivaramaiah, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Din, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Schmidt Eler, Eduardo, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas William, Gillet, Jean-Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-de la Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, M. Shah, Ibarra Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I. Faridah, Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Bin Mahmud, Khairil, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Leal Matos, Darley Calderado, Meave, Jorge A., Melo, Felipe P. L., Aguirre Mendoza, Zhofre, Metali, Faizah, Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Metzker, Thiago, Mohandass, Dharmalingam, Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Nurtjahy, Eddy, Lenza de Oliveira, Eddie, Onrizal, Onrizal, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Perez, Rolando, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pommer, Ulf, Poorter, Lourens, Qi, Lan, F. Piedade, Maria Teresa, Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Dalberg Poulsen, Axel, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Rangel, Orlando, Reitsma, Jan, S. B. Rocha, Diogo, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Mohd. Said, Mohd. Nizam, Saiter, Felipe Z., Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio, dos Santos, João Roberto, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Sheil, Douglas, Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Sposito, Tereza, Steinmetz, Robert, Stevart, Tariq, Suganuma, Marcio Seiji, Sukri, Rahayu, Sultana, Aisha, Sukumar, Raman, Sunderland, Terry, Supriyadi, Agus, Suresh, Hebbalalu S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Edmund V. J., Targhetta, Natalia, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan, Timberlake, Jonathan, de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Valkenburg, Johan van, Do, Tran Van, Sam, Hoang Van, Vandermeer, John H., Verbeeck, Hans, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge, Williams, John, Wiser, Susan, Wittmann, Florian, Yang, Xiaobo, Adou Yao, C. Yves, Yap, Sandra L., Zahawie, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, Slik, J. W. Ferry, Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., Anitha, Kamalakumari, Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard, Gerardo A., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-François, Bellingham, Peter, van den Berg, Eduardo, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewangog, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana, Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere Shivaramaiah, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Din, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Schmidt Eler, Eduardo, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas William, Gillet, Jean-Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-de la Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, M. Shah, Ibarra Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I. Faridah, Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Bin Mahmud, Khairil, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Leal Matos, Darley Calderado, Meave, Jorge A., Melo, Felipe P. L., Aguirre Mendoza, Zhofre, Metali, Faizah, Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Metzker, Thiago, Mohandass, Dharmalingam, Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Nurtjahy, Eddy, Lenza de Oliveira, Eddie, Onrizal, Onrizal, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Perez, Rolando, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pommer, Ulf, Poorter, Lourens, Qi, Lan, F. Piedade, Maria Teresa, Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Dalberg Poulsen, Axel, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Rangel, Orlando, Reitsma, Jan, S. B. Rocha, Diogo, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Mohd. Said, Mohd. Nizam, Saiter, Felipe Z., Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio, dos Santos, João Roberto, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Sheil, Douglas, Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Sposito, Tereza, Steinmetz, Robert, Stevart, Tariq, Suganuma, Marcio Seiji, Sukri, Rahayu, Sultana, Aisha, Sukumar, Raman, Sunderland, Terry, Supriyadi, Agus, Suresh, Hebbalalu S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Edmund V. J., Targhetta, Natalia, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan, Timberlake, Jonathan, de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Valkenburg, Johan van, Do, Tran Van, Sam, Hoang Van, Vandermeer, John H., Verbeeck, Hans, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge, Williams, John, Wiser, Susan, Wittmann, Florian, Yang, Xiaobo, Adou Yao, C. Yves, Yap, Sandra L., Zahawie, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, and Zang, Runguo

Abstract

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world’s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world’s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.

Published
2018

79. Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Author

Slik, J. W.Ferry, Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., K, Anitha, Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard, Gerardo A.C., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean François, Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M., Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H. S., Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., DIn, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Eler, Eduardo Schmidt, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas W., Gillet, Jean-Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-de la Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussein, M. Shah, Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I. Faridah, Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert M., Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Rozak, Andes, Theilade, Ida, Slik, J. W.Ferry, Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., K, Anitha, Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard, Gerardo A.C., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean François, Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M., Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H. S., Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., DIn, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Eler, Eduardo Schmidt, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas W., Gillet, Jean-Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-de la Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussein, M. Shah, Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I. Faridah, Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert M., Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Rozak, Andes, and Theilade, Ida

Abstract

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests., Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests.

Published
2018

80. Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Author

Slik, J.W.F., Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., Anitha, K., Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard, Gerardo A.C., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean François, Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M., Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H.S., Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Din, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Eler, Eduardo Schmidt, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas W., Gillet, Jean Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-De La Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, M.S., Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I.F., Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert M., Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Bin Mahmud, Khairil, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Meave, Jorge A., Melo, Felipe P.L., Mendoza, Zhofre Huberto Aguirre, Metali, Faizah, Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Metzker, Thiago, Mohandass, D., Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Nurtjahy, Eddy, De Oliveira, Eddie Lenza, Onrizal, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, Ekananda, Perez, Rolando, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pommer, Ulf, Poorter, Lourens, Qi, Lan, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Pinto, José Roberto Rodrigues, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Rangel, Orlando, Reitsma, Jan, Rocha, Diogo S.B., Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Mohd Said, Mohd Nizam, Saiter, Felipe Z., Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Schmitt, Christine B., Schoengart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Sheil, Douglas, Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Sposito, Tereza, Steinmetz, Robert, Stevart, Tariq, Suganuma, Marcio Seiji, Sukri, Rahayu, Sultana, Aisha, Sukumar, Raman, Sunderland, Terry, Supriyadi, S., Suresh, H.S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Ed V.J., Targhetta, Natalia, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan, Timberlake, Jonathan, De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Van Valkenburg, Johan, Van Do, Tran, Van Sam, Hoang, Vandermeer, John H., Verbeeck, Hans, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge, Williams, John, Wiser, Susan, Wittmann, Florian, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C.Y.A., Yap, Sandra L., Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, Slik, J.W.F., Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., Anitha, K., Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard, Gerardo A.C., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean François, Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M., Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H.S., Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Din, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Eler, Eduardo Schmidt, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas W., Gillet, Jean Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-De La Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, M.S., Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I.F., Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert M., Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Bin Mahmud, Khairil, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Meave, Jorge A., Melo, Felipe P.L., Mendoza, Zhofre Huberto Aguirre, Metali, Faizah, Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Metzker, Thiago, Mohandass, D., Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Nurtjahy, Eddy, De Oliveira, Eddie Lenza, Onrizal, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, Ekananda, Perez, Rolando, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pommer, Ulf, Poorter, Lourens, Qi, Lan, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Pinto, José Roberto Rodrigues, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Rangel, Orlando, Reitsma, Jan, Rocha, Diogo S.B., Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Mohd Said, Mohd Nizam, Saiter, Felipe Z., Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Schmitt, Christine B., Schoengart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Sheil, Douglas, Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Sposito, Tereza, Steinmetz, Robert, Stevart, Tariq, Suganuma, Marcio Seiji, Sukri, Rahayu, Sultana, Aisha, Sukumar, Raman, Sunderland, Terry, Supriyadi, S., Suresh, H.S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Ed V.J., Targhetta, Natalia, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan, Timberlake, Jonathan, De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Van Valkenburg, Johan, Van Do, Tran, Van Sam, Hoang, Vandermeer, John H., Verbeeck, Hans, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge, Williams, John, Wiser, Susan, Wittmann, Florian, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C.Y.A., Yap, Sandra L., Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, and Zang, Runguo

Abstract

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests.

Published
2018

81. Engage.

Author

BHYRIPUDI, VIVEKA VARDHAN NAIDU, PUYRAVAUD, JEAN-PHILIPPE, CUSHMAN, SAMUEL A., and DAVIDAR, PRIYA

Published
2024

84. Ecological, biogeographical and evolutionary drivers of tree rarity in Indian rainforests

Author

Davidar, Priya, François, Munoz, Jean-Philippe, Puyravaud, D, MOHANDASS, V.S, RAMACHANDRAN, Govindaraj, Saravanan, Pondicherry University, Partenaires INRAE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sigur Nature Trust, and Department of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

85. Do developmental initiatives influence local attitudes toward conservation? A case study from the KalakaduMundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India

Author

Arjunan, M., Holmes, Christopher, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, and Davidar, Priya

Subjects
Forest conservation -- India, Forest conservation -- Influence, Forest conservation -- Case studies, Village communities -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Village communities -- Case studies, Environmental issues
Abstract

A case study of influence of ecological projects on conservation attitudes of villagers near Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve is presented.

Published
2006

90. SHOLATREE REGENERATION IS LOWER UNDER LANTANA CAMARA L (THICKETS IN THE UPPER NILGIRIS PLATEAU, INDIA.

Author

Najar, Muneer Ul Islam, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, and Davidar, Priya

Subjects
LANTANA camara, BIOSPHERE reserves, PROTECTED areas, FOREST regeneration, INTRODUCED species
Abstract

Lantana camara is a dominant invasive shrub in many protected areas of India including the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR). We conducted a study to assess the regeneration potential of endemic native (shola) trees under different levels of Lantana infestation in the upper plateau of NBR. A total of 61 plots in a total area of 0.73ha were sampled, out of which 0.57ha was in Lantana dominated sites and 0.16ha in undisturbed shola forests. The plots were classified as per the level of Lantana infestation (intensive, moderate, and low infestation). We found that regeneration of shola trees, including endemics decreased with increasing intensity of Lantana invasion. No regeneration occurred in the intensively infested plots whereas regeneration was high in undisturbed shola forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
Full Text
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91. ILLEGAL EGG HARVESTING AND POPULATION DECLINE IN A KEY PELAGIC SEABIRD COLONY OF THE EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN.

Author

MONDRETI, RAVICHANDRA, DAVIDAR, PRIYA, and GREMILLÉT, DAVID

Subjects
*SEA bird ecology, *BIODIVERSITY, *BIRD populations, *BIRD breeding, *ENDANGERED species
Abstract

We carried out population counts of a nesting colony of terns (Sternidae) on Pitti Island, an official seabird sanctuary, on 17 February 2013, 10 March 2013, and 10 February 2014. We also assessed population trends over previous years using data from earlier surveys. We estimated the number of nests and eggs, and recorded loss of eggs by predation, including harvesting by fishermen. Using a structured questionnaire, we interviewed 800 respondents from Kavaratti Island in the Lakshadweep Archipelago to assess the number of people involved in seabird egg harvesting and trade, and to evaluate their attitudes towards seabird conservation. We recorded three species of terns: Sooty Tern Onychoprion fuscatus, Brown Noddy Anous stolidus, and Greater Crested Tern Thalusseus bergii, but only Sooty Terns were nesting during our field visits. Levels of natural predation on this species were low (< 1%), whereas fishermen removed 14%-45% of the eggs. Approximately 72% of the 800 respondents interviewed on Kavaratti Island were either directly or indirectly involved in the harvest and local trade of seabird eggs. Respondents involved in egg harvesting were significantly less inclined to support seabird conservation. Although Pitti Island is a protected area, tern numbers have declined since 1963. This key breeding site will likely be lost unless stringent conservation measures are implemented to monitor and protect the nesting colony, and to divert the local people away from the seabird egg trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

95. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Ferry Slik, J.W., Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith, Bellingham, Peter J., Van den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, de Conceicao Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Breuer-Ndoundou Hockemba, Mireille, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Calderado Leal Matos, Darley, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel Angel, Catharino, Eduardo L.M., Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K., Robin, Chazdon L., Clark, Connie J., Clark, David B., Clark, Deborah A., Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H.S., Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Doucet, Jean-Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A.O., Eisenlohr, Pedro V., Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, de Oliveira Filho, Ary T., Fletcher, Christine D., Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean-François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, I.A.U.N., Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, de Jong, Bernardus H.J., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G.W., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Amaral, Iêda Leão, Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel, Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe P.L., Metcalfe, Daniel J., Medjibé, Vincent, Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D., Montero, Juan C., de Morisson Valeriano, Marcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Onrizal, Onrizal, Page, Navendu, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Permana, Andrea, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude, Reitsma, Jan, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Roberto Spironello, Wilson, Romero-Saltos, Hugo, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Santos, Fernanda, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Suganuma, Marcio S., Sheil, Douglas, da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo, Sist, Plinio, et al., Ferry Slik, J.W., Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith, Bellingham, Peter J., Van den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, de Conceicao Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Breuer-Ndoundou Hockemba, Mireille, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Calderado Leal Matos, Darley, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel Angel, Catharino, Eduardo L.M., Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K., Robin, Chazdon L., Clark, Connie J., Clark, David B., Clark, Deborah A., Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H.S., Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Doucet, Jean-Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A.O., Eisenlohr, Pedro V., Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, de Oliveira Filho, Ary T., Fletcher, Christine D., Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean-François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, I.A.U.N., Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, de Jong, Bernardus H.J., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G.W., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Amaral, Iêda Leão, Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel, Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe P.L., Metcalfe, Daniel J., Medjibé, Vincent, Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D., Montero, Juan C., de Morisson Valeriano, Marcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Onrizal, Onrizal, Page, Navendu, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Permana, Andrea, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude, Reitsma, Jan, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Roberto Spironello, Wilson, Romero-Saltos, Hugo, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Santos, Fernanda, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Suganuma, Marcio S., Sheil, Douglas, da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo, Sist, Plinio, and et al.

Abstract

The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher's alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼40,000 and ∼53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼19,000–25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼4,500–6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa.

Published
2015

96. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Slik, J. W Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Hockemba, Mireille Breuer Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo L M, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K., Robin, Chazdon L., Clark, Connie, Clark, David B., Clark, Deborah A., Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Doucet, Jean Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A O, Eisenlohr, Pedro V., Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, De Oliveira Filho, Ary T., Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos A., De Jong, Bernardus H J, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letche, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H., Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe P L, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D., Montero, Juan C., De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Onrizal, Page, Navendu, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Permana, Andrea, Piedade, Maria T F, Pitman, Nigel C A, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Poulsen, John, Powers, Jennifer, Prasad, Rama C., Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, Reitsma, Jan, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Romero-Saltos, Hugo, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Santos, Fernanda, Sarker, Swapan K., Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Suganuma, Marcio S., Sheil, Douglas, Da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo, Sist, Plinio, Stevart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I. Fang, Sunderand, Terry, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jangwei, Targhetta, Natália, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Tchouto, Peguy, Hurtado, Johanna, Valencia, Renato, Van Valkenburg, Johan L C H, Van Do, Tran, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Verbeeck, Hans, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge A., Williams, John, Wittmann, Florian, Wöll, Hannsjoerg, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C. Yves Adou, Yap, Sandra L., Yoneda, Tsuyoshi, Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, De Assis, Rafael L., Luize, Bruno Garcia, Venticinque, Eduardo M., Slik, J. W Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Hockemba, Mireille Breuer Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo L M, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K., Robin, Chazdon L., Clark, Connie, Clark, David B., Clark, Deborah A., Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Doucet, Jean Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A O, Eisenlohr, Pedro V., Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, De Oliveira Filho, Ary T., Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos A., De Jong, Bernardus H J, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letche, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H., Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe P L, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D., Montero, Juan C., De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Onrizal, Page, Navendu, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Permana, Andrea, Piedade, Maria T F, Pitman, Nigel C A, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Poulsen, John, Powers, Jennifer, Prasad, Rama C., Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, Reitsma, Jan, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Romero-Saltos, Hugo, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Santos, Fernanda, Sarker, Swapan K., Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Suganuma, Marcio S., Sheil, Douglas, Da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo, Sist, Plinio, Stevart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I. Fang, Sunderand, Terry, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jangwei, Targhetta, Natália, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Tchouto, Peguy, Hurtado, Johanna, Valencia, Renato, Van Valkenburg, Johan L C H, Van Do, Tran, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Verbeeck, Hans, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge A., Williams, John, Wittmann, Florian, Wöll, Hannsjoerg, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C. Yves Adou, Yap, Sandra L., Yoneda, Tsuyoshi, Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, De Assis, Rafael L., Luize, Bruno Garcia, and Venticinque, Eduardo M.

Abstract

The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher’s alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼40,000 and ∼53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼19,000–25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼4,500–6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa., The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher's alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼40,000 and ∼53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼19,000-25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼4,500-6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa.

Published
2015

100. Modelling harvest of Asian elephants Elephas maximus on the basis of faulty assumptions promotes inappropriate management solutions.

Author

Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Davidar, Priya, Srivastava, Rajeev K., and Wright, Belinda

Subjects
*ASIATIC elephant, *CULLING of animals
Abstract

A ratio-based logistic model developed to assess elephant harvest rates, based on a study at Nagarhole Tiger Reserve in India, was recommended as a management tool to control human–elephant conflict through culling. Considering this reserve among others violates an assumption of the logistic model: isolation. Nevertheless, assuming this violation was irrelevant, we re-evaluated the model, with minor modifications, for the neighbouring Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, where we used data from 13 elephant Elephas maximus population surveys to derive bootstrapped sets of population ratios, and mortality records. We generated arrays of harvest regimes and examined which ratio outputs were closest to the bootstrapped ratios. Our results indicated that (1) model outputs corresponded best with the Mudumalai population structure when harvest regimes were extreme and unlikely, (2) there were significant differences in population structure and harvest regimes between Nagarhole and Mudumalai, and (3) only 49% of adult male deaths predicted by model outputs were recorded in official governmental records. The model provides significantly different results among reserves, which invalidates it as a tool to predict change across the entire elephant population. Variability in survey data and inaccuracies in transition probabilities are sufficiently large to warrant caution when using them as a basis for deterministic modelling. Official mortality databases provide a weak means of validation because poaching incidents are poorly recorded. We conclude that the model should be based on validated transition probabilities and encompass the entire regional population. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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