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Traditional atmospheric surface layer theory assumes homogeneous surface conditions. Regardless, nearly all surface layer parameterization schemes employed within numerical weather prediction models utilize the same techniques within highly heterogeneous coastal regimes as for homogeneous environments. We compare predicted surface weather and fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture—focusing mainly on momentum—from regional simulations using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) atmospheric model to observations collected from offshore buoys, inland flux towers, and radiosonde profiles during the Coastal Land-Air-Sea Interaction (CLASI) project throughout the summer of 2021 around Monterey Bay, California. Results reveal that modeled cross-coastal surface flux gradients are spuriously discontinuous, leading to systematically overestimated fluxes and weak winds inland of the coastline during onshore flow periods. Additionally, contrary to observations, modeled surface exchange coefficients are insensitive to wind direction on both sides of the coast, which degrades predictive skill downstream from the coastline. Over the central bay, prediction degrades when near-surface wind directions deviate from the prevailing flow direction as the parameterized stress–wind relationship fails during these cases. Predictive skill over the bay is therefore linked to variations in wind direction. Offshore of the geographically complex peninsula, systematic biases are less clear; however, bifurcations in drag coefficients based on wind direction were measured here as well. Last, increasing the horizontal grid spacing from 333 m to 3 km does not significantly affect surface layer prediction. This work highlights the need to reevaluate surface layer parameterization methods for modeling within coastal regions. Significance Statement Understanding surface layer weather is critical for many purposes, such as infrastructure design and weather forecasting. Within the context of numerical modeling and weather prediction, skillful forecasts of surface winds and temperature rely on accurate portrayal of the surface layer. By comparing observations collected during the Coastal Land-Air-Sea Interaction field program to numerical model solutions, we show that prediction of the surface layer fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture break down near the coastline, which leads to biases in the predicted surface layer weather both inland and over the water. As surface layer parameterization methods across nearly all numerical models are rooted in the same practices, our results call into question the use of traditional methods near the coastline.

La autoimagen es un término que denomina el accionar del ser humano donde este pretende y alcanza a desarrollar ideas, pensamientos, emociones, percepciones y visiones de sí mismo. El objetivo del estudio ha evaluar la valoración nutricional antropométrica y la autopercepción de imagen corporal de adolescentes del cantón Pillaro, utilizando una metodología con diseño no experimental, corte transversal correlacional en la cual se trabajó con una muestra de 245 participantes (57.1 % mujeres y 42.9.% varones) abarcando edades de entre los 10 y 20 años de edad que llenaron encuestas de forma virtual de Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), el Test De Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-26) y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), obteniéndose resultados a partir de las encuestan llenadas, en donde se indica que el 38.8% de adolescentes no sienten preocupación por la imagen corporal, el 61.2% no mostró riesgo en la variable relacionada con trastornos alimentarios, se constató además, que en la población de Pillaro no existe un grado de disparidad entre la percepción del autoimagen corporal versus la realidad del individuo, sin embargo si se visualizó que en las mujeres predominan mayoritariamente estas distorsiones que en los hombres, por lo tanto, factores como edad, sexo y medio social están altamente relacionados con la autopercepción, desencadenando trastornos alimentarios, trastornos psicológicos y físicos; en base a lo mencionado previamente, se llega a la resolución de que la imagen corporal lleva una relación ínfimamente estrecha con los trastornos de alimentación que padecen los adolescentes en la actualidad dependiendo del lugar donde la población adolescente se encuentre, afirmándose la hipótesis planteada al inicio de la investigación.

Resumen Objetivos El Cateterismo de Senos Petrosos Inferiores (CSSPPII) es una prueba útil para diferenciar entre el origen central y ectópico del síndrome de Cushing hormona adrenocorticotropa (ACTH)-dependiente. Presentamos el protocolo utilizado en nuestro centro y la evaluación de su rendimiento diagnóstico. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de 28 pacientes sometidos a cateterismo de senos petrosos inferiores (CSSPPII) con estímulo por hormona liberadora de corticotropina (CRH). El procedimiento se realiza en un quirófano de neurorradiología en el que participa un equipo multidisciplinar de neurorradiólogos, endocrinólogos y analistas. Se cateterizan ambos senos petrosos y se obtiene una muestra periférica simultánea, en condiciones basales y a los 3,6 y 10 min tras estímulo. Se determinan ACTH y prolactina mediante inmunoquimioluminiscencia. Resultados Total de 19 pacientes con enfermedad de Cushing (EC) y 1 paciente con Cushing ectópico (CE) fueron confirmados. En todos los casos el CSSPPII orientó correctamente el diagnóstico, obteniéndose valores de sensibilidad y especificidad del 100%. En 8 pacientes no se alcanzó remisión postquirúrgica de la enfermedad. En el 84% de los cateterismos el valor de ratio más alto se alcanzó entre los 3 y 6 min postestímulo. Ratios y valores de ACTH en seno fueron superiores en los pacientes con confirmación histológica de EC. La ratio de prolactina permitió descartar un 28,6% de las muestras que habrían supuesto resultados discordantes respecto al resto de la exploración. Conclusiones En nuestra serie, el CSSPPII con estímulo por CRH ha demostrado ser un procedimiento seguro y eficaz. Se destaca la utilidad de la medición de prolactina como marcador de correcta cateterización y la importancia de la participación de un equipo multidisciplinar.

Objectives Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is a useful test for differential diagnosis of central vs. ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS). We provide a description of the protocol used in our Center and an analysis of its diagnostic accuracy. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 28 patients who underwent BIPSS combined with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation. The procedure is performed in an interventional neuroradiology suite, involving a multidisciplinary team of neuroradiologists, endocrinologists and laboratory professionals. The two petrosal sinuses are catheterized and a peripheral blood sample is obtained simultaneously, at baseline and at 3, 6 and 10 min following stimulation. ACTH and prolactin are determined by immunochemiluminescence. Results A total of 19 cases of Cushing’s disease (CD) and 1 case of ectopic CS were confirmed. In all cases, BIPSS provided accurate diagnostic guidance, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. In 8 patients, remission was not achieved after surgery. In 84% of catheterizations, ACTH ratio peaked at 3–6 min following stimulation. Patients with histologically-confirmed CD exhibited higher sinus ACTH ratios and values. Prolactin ratio helped us identify and exclude 28.6% of the samples with inconsistent results. Conclusions In our series, BIPSS combined with CRH stimulation demonstrated to be a safe, effective procedure. Prolactin emerges as a useful marker of correct catheterization. The participation of a multidisciplinary team is essential.

Ectopeptidases are particularly interesting due to their potential to regulate/dysregulate the peptide mediated signaling cellular pathways because the active site located to the extracellular space. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is currently one of the ectopeptidases that has a great and complex influence on important physiological and pathological processes. Due to its influence on the immune system, type 2 diabetes mellitus, pulmonary pathologies, cardiovascular system, viral infections and cancer, DPP-IV is very attractive as a possible therapeutic target. However, its versatility makes such expectations very difficult. The aim of this work is to summarize relevant structural and functional aspects of DPP-IV and the role of this protein in several pathologies with special emphasis on cancer. DPP-IV role in cancer seems to depend on specific location, histologic type of tumour, tumour microenvironment, and presence/absence of molecules able to interact with DPP-IV. Because of DPP-IV controversial effects, generalizations are difficult and most of the time the role of DPP-IV must be analyzed case by case. However, new evidences in cell lines, animal models and clinical studies suggest that DPP-IV inhibitors open a promissory window through new therapeutic strategies against some cancers.

Biological divergence results from several mechanisms. Defensive mechanisms, such as Batesian mimicry, can cause reproductive isolation via temporal segregation in foraging activity, particularly, in species that closely associate with their model. This seems to be the case of ant-eating spiders, which can be inaccurate Batesian mimics of their prey. Here, we focused on Zodarion nitidum, which has two forms occurring in sympatry, black and yellow. Given the expected noticeable impact of their colour differences on the spiders' interactions with their potential predators and prey, we investigated whether these morphotypes have diverged in other aspects of their biology. We measured the two morphotypes' phenotypic resemblance to a mimetic model, tested whether they were protected from predators, investigated their circadian activity, surveyed the prey they hunted, modelled their distributions, performed crossing experiments and estimated their degree of genetic differentiation. We found that the black morphotype is ant-like, resembling Messor ants, and it was not distinguishable from their ant models by four potential predators. In contrast, the yellow morphotype seems to use predator avoidance as a defensive strategy. Additionally, the two morphotypes differ in their circadian activity, the yellow morphotype being nocturnal and the black one being diurnal. The two morphotypes hunt and associate with different ant prey and possess marked differences in venom composition. Finally, crossing trials showed complete pre-mating isolation between the two morphotypes, but there was no evidence of genetic (mitochondrial data) or environmental niche differentiation. We conclude that the two morphotypes show evidence of a deep differentiation in morphological, behavioural, physiological and ecological traits that evolved together as part of the spider's diverging lifestyles.

BACKGROUND: Increasing direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment uptake is key to eliminating HCV infection as a public health threat in Canada. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection face barriers to HCV treatment initiation. We sought to identify interventions that could support HCV treatment initiation based on patient and HCV care provider perspectives. METHODS: Eleven people living with HIV with a history of HCV infection and 12 HCV care providers were recruited for this qualitative descriptive study. Participants created ranked-ordered lists of potential interventions during nominal groups ( n = 4) and individual interviews ( n = 6). Following the nominal group technique, transcripts and intervention lists underwent thematic analysis and ranking scores were merged to create consolidated and prioritized lists from patient and provider perspectives. RESULTS: Patient participants identified a total of eight interventions. The highest-ranked interventions were multidisciplinary clinics, HCV awareness campaigns and patient education, nurse- or pharmacist-led care, peer involvement, and more and better-prepared health professionals. Provider participants identified 11 interventions. The highest-ranked were mobile outreach, DAA initiation at pharmacies, a simplified process of DAA prescription, integration of primary and specialist care, and patient-centred approaches. CONCLUSION: Participants proposed alternatives to hospital-based specialist HCV care, which require increasing capacity for nurses, pharmacists, primary care providers, and peers to have more direct roles in HCV treatment provision. They also identified the need for structural changes and educational initiatives. In addition to optimizing HCV care, these interventions might result in broader benefits for the health of HIV–HCV co-infected people.

Marina B Klein,1– 4 Jim Young,2 David Ortiz-Paredes,3 Shouao Wang,3 Sharon Walmsley,4,5 Alexander Wong,6 Valérie Martel-Laferrière,7 Neora Pick,8 Brian Conway,9 Jonathan Angel,10 Jean-Guy Baril,11 Chris Fraser,12 Bertrand Lebouché,3,13 Darrell HS Tan,14 Roger Sandre,15 Sylvie Trottier,16 Hansi Peiris,3 Jayamarx Jayaraman,4 Joel Singer4 On behalf of the CTN 286 Study Investigators1Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada; 2Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; 3Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada; 4Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, Canada; 5University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 6Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Canada; 7Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; 8Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; 9Vancouver Infectious Diseases Centre, Vancouver, Canada; 10Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; 11Clinique de Médecine Urbaine du Quartier Latin, Montreal, Canada; 12Cool Aid Community Health Centre, Victoria, Canada; 13Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; 14Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; 15HAVEN Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Canada; 16Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université Laval, Quebec, CanadaCorrespondence: Marina B Klein, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, D02.4110, Montréal, H4A 3J1, Canada, Tel +1-514-843-2090, Fax +1-514-843-2092, Email marina.klein@mcgill.caBackground: Many people living with HIV struggle to consistently adhere to antiretroviral therapy, fail to achieve long-term virologic control and remain at risk for HIV-related disease progression, development of resistance and may transmit HIV infection to others.Objective: To determine if switching from current multi-tablet (curART) to single-tablet antiretroviral therapy (abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir; ABC/3TC/DTG), both combined with individualized adherence support, would improve HIV suppression in non-adherent vulnerable populations.Methods: TriiADD was an investigator-initiated randomized, multicentre, open label study. HIV+ adults with documented non-adherence on curART were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to immediately switch to ABC/3TC/DTG or to continue curART. Both arms received adherence support. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants in each arm with HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL 24 weeks after randomization.Results: In total, 50 people were screened and 27 randomized from 11 sites across Canada before the trial was stopped early due to slow recruitment. Participants were predominantly from ethnocultural communities, Indigenous people and/or had a history of injection drug use. The proportion achieving HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL at week 24 was 4/12 (33%) in the curART arm vs 7/13 (54%) in the ABC/3TC/DTG arm; median Bayesian risk difference, 5% (95% CrI, − 17 to 28%) higher for those randomized to ABC/3TC/DTG. We encountered difficulties with recruitment of participants without prior drug resistance, retention despite intensive support, reliably measuring adherence and in overcoming entrenched adherence barriers.Conclusion: Results of our trial are consistent with a slight improvement in viral suppression in a vulnerable population when a single tablet regimen is combined with patient-level adherence support. Beyond treatment simplicity and tolerability, tailored interventions addressing stigma and social determinants of health are still needed. The numerous challenges we encountered illustrate how randomised trials may not be the best approach for assessing adherence interventions in vulnerable populations.Keywords: adherence interventions, human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, antiretroviral therapy, single tablet regimen, vulnerable populations

Salmonella enterica is a pathogen capable of colonizing various environments, including the intestinal tract of different animals such as mammals, birds, and reptiles, which can act as carriers. S. enterica infection induces different clinical diseases, gastroenteritis being the most common, which in some cases, can evolve to septicemia and meningitis. Reptiles and amphibians have been reported as a reservoir of Salmonella, and transmission of the pathogen to humans has been documented. This study aimed to determine the presence of virulence genes and characterize the genotypic antibiotic resistance profile in Salmonella strains isolated from Caiman crocodilus fuscus obtained in situ (natural habitat) in Prado, Tolima, Colombia in a previous study and stored in a strain bank in our laboratory. Fifteen Salmonella strains were evaluated through endpoint PCR to determine the presence of resistance genes and virulence genes. The genes blaTEM, strB, and sul1 were detected in all the strains that confer resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole, as well as the virulence genes invA, pefA, prgH, spaN, tolC, sipB, sitC, pagC, msgA, spiA, sopB, sifA, lpfA, csgA, hilA, orgA, iroN, avrA, and sivH, indicating the possible role of babilla (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) as a carrier of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in aquatic systems has become one of the most challenging environmental issues nowadays. Although advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely studied for the treatment of persistent contaminants in water, their application for MPs and NPs removal have been scarcely addressed. In this study, the degradation of polystyrene NPs of different sizes (909 nm and 140 nm) by intensified photo-Fenton oxidation has been evaluated. The degradation experiments (6 hours) were carried out at 80ºC and pH0=3 in a pyrex glass reactor, using an initial NPs concentration of 20 mg/L. The initial concentrations of H2O2 and Fe3+ were set at 130 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively, introducing additional doses of H2O2 to enhance the oxidation yield. Firstly, photolysis was evaluated, demonstrating that NPs are poorly degraded only by irradiation (8% mineralization). The addition of H2O2 (UV/H2O2 treatment) significantly improved the mineralization of NPs (53% mineralization regardless NP size). Finally, by the intensified photo-Fenton reaction, using Fe salts as catalyst, almost complete mineralization was achieved with both NPs (82% and 94% with NP size of 909 nm and 140 nm, respectively). These results are very promising for the elimination of plastic waste in water.

This work aims at evaluating the fate of polystyrene (PS) microplastics along Fenton oxidation. Experiments were carried out under relatively severe operating conditions (80 ºC) given the high persistence of these solids to oxidation. Slight mass losses (up to 10%) were found after the Fenton treatment of microplastics in the micro range (100–250 m). Nevertheless, the particles clearly suffered important changes in their surface due to the introduction of oxygen groups, which made them more acidic and hydrophilic. These surface alterations completely changed the sorption properties of microplastics. For instance, their adsorption capacity for diclofenac was sharply decreased from 102 to 28 g g-1. Apart from surface modifications, microplastics clearly decreased their size after Fenton oxidation, which was more evident in the 50–100 m range. To further evaluate the oxidation yield of PS microplastics upon Fenton oxidation, particles in the sub-micro range (140 nm) were treated. Notably, up to 75% TOC mineralization was achieved, which proved that microplastics can be completely oxidized to CO2 upon Fenton oxidation. Finally, the biodegradability of the dissolved compounds leached from oxidized microplastics was evaluated. Remarkably, bacterial growth efficiency was higher in the solution coming from the oxidized PS microplastics than that of the fresh one.

1. Algal blooms can have profound effects on the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems and have the potential to interrupt valuable ecosystem services. Despite the potential ecological and economic consequences of algal blooms, the spatial dynamics of bloom development in spatially complex ecosystems such as shallow lakes remain poorly characterized. Our goal was to evaluate the magnitude and drivers of spatial variability of algal biomass, dissolved oxygen and pH over the course of a season, in a shallow lake in order to better understand the spatial dynamics of algal blooms in these ecosystems. 2. We sampled 98 locations in a small eutrophic lake on a 65m grid for several parameters (chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature), weekly over 122 days. This was done to estimate the dynamics of variability and spatial autocorrelation during the course of multiple bloom events. We also compared the spatial measurements to a high frequency sensor deployed at a fixed station and estimated the optimal spatial sampling resolution by performing a rarefaction analysis. 3. 3. Spatial heterogeneity of algal pigments was high, particularly during bloom events, and this pattern and the overall severity of the bloom was not well captured with the fixed station monitoring. The pattern of algal pigments and other limnologically important variables (dissolved oxygen and pH) was related to the direction of prevailing winds 24 hours prior to sampling, the shallow northern basin where the main surface inlet is located, and heavy precipitation. Additionally, a dense bed of floating-leaf macrophytes contributed to local patchiness in all variables. Finally, from the rarefaction analysis we found that minimal information about the mean state of the ecosystem was gained after ~30 locations had been sampled. 4. This study revealed how spatially heterogeneous shallow lakes are over the course of a single season, and that the magnitude of variability was highest during biologically-intensive periods such as algal blooms. As such, continued research is needed across a range of trophic conditions to better understand the structure of horizontal variability in lakes. Overall, these data demonstrate the need for spatially-explicit monitoring to better understand the dynamics and drivers of algal blooms in shallow lakes and to better manage ecosystem services.

Resumen Dentro de los constructos que se han estudiado en los últimos años como predictores del desempeño académico se encuentra el factor grit. En la presente investigación se realizaron dos estudios con el objetivo de adaptar y validar la escala Grit-O a un contexto colombiano, así como determinar la validez de criterio de la escala Grit-S por medio del desempeño académico en estudiantes universitarios. En el primer estudio (n = 500) se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio a través de un método de extracción de mínimos cuadrados no ponderados y un análisis factorial confirmatorio a través de un método de extracción de máxima verosimilitud. Los análisis arrojaron adecuados índices de validez y confiabilidad para las dos escalas (Grit-O y Grit-S) -siendo Grit-S la que presentó mejores índices de ajuste-, y la distribución de ítems por factor de la escala coincidió con la validación original. Sin embargo, los dos factores -perseverancia en el esfuerzo y consistencia en el interés- no se agruparon bajo el constructo grit. En el segundo estudio (n = 89) se observó la relación existente entre la puntuación obtenida en la escala Grit-S y diferentes indicadores de desempeño académico -promedio, número de materias perdidas, entre otros-. Para esto, se realizó un análisis de correlación y de regresión lineal múltiple, tras lo cual se encontraron correlaciones moderadas entre el puntaje total de la escala Grit-S y sus dos componentes con las medidas de desempeño académico. En el análisis de regresión se encontró que el puntaje total de la escala es mejor predictor del desempeño académico (.016**) que el puntaje de cada uno de los componentes de la escala por separado. Al final, en la discusión se comparan los hallazgos con validaciones realizadas en otros países y se dan algunas recomendaciones respecto al uso de la escala. Abstract One of the constructs that have been studied in recent years as predictors of academic performance is the grit factor. In the present research, two studies were conducted with the aim of adapting and validating the Grit-O scale to a Colombian context, as well as determining the Grit-S scale's criterion validity by means of academic performance in university students. In the first study (n=500), an exploratory factor analysis was performed using an Unweighted Least Squares Extraction Method and a confirmatory factor analysis through a maximum likelihood extraction method. The analysis yielded adequate validity and reliability indexes for the two scales (Grit-O and Grit-S) -Grit- S being the one with the best fit indexes-, and the distribution of items per scale factor coincided with the original validation. However, the two factors (perseverance of effort and consistency of interest) were not grouped under the grit construct. In the second study (n=89), the relationship between the score obtained on the Grit-S scale and different academic performance indicators (grade point average, number of failed subjects, among others) was observed. For this purpose, a correlation and multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Findings show moderate correlations between the Grit-S scale total score and its two components, with the measures of academic performance. In the regression analysis, the total score was found to be a better predictor of academic performance (0.016 **) than the score of each of the scale components separately. Finally, the discussion compares the findings with validations carried out in other countries and gives some recommendations regarding the use of the grit scale.

One of main the HIS strengthening tools applied by WHO-Euro is the ‘Support tool to assess health information systems and develop and strengthen health information strategies’, which was first published in 2015 and updated in 2021. The support tool comprises two main parts: it provides guidance firstly for performing an overall assessment of the full HIS, and secondly, for the subsequent development of an HIS strategy. The common mode of application of this tool is an external HIS assessment by a WHO team and a subsequent country-led process of HIS strategy development. So far, experience in the field has been gained mainly with the assessment part of the tool, which has been applied in 15 MS. The assessment process starts with a preparatory desk review, followed by a country visit during which semi-structured interviews are held with key HIS stakeholders. The guidance for the interviews consists of a core module and several add-on modules. The aim of the core module is to provide an overview of the functioning of the entire national HIS, while the add-on modules shed more light on specific parts or functions of the HIS, such as noncommunicable diseases monitoring, human resources for health or health data governance. The core module forms the basis of the HIS assessments, and one or several add-on modules can be added to it, according to the needs of the assessed country. The country visit is finalised with a multi-stakeholder debriefing. After the visit, a report is written with a summary of the situation in the country including an HIS maturity score, an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT), and recommendations for improvement for the short, medium, and long term. In this presentation, we will explain the methodology of the assessment tool, and reflect on its added value as well as challenges encountered when applying it in practice.

Describe and analyze the safety and weight loss performance of biliopancreatic diversion and duodenal switch (BPD-DS) and single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S), verifying any possible superiority according to preoperative BMI.Retrospective review of patients who underwent primary SADI-S or BPD-DS in three bariatric centers. Study groups were further stratified according to preoperative BMI (subgroup 1: BMI 50; subgroup 2: 50 ≤ BMI 55; subgroup 3: BMI ≥ 55).Four hundred and sixty patients underwent BPD-DS (n = 220) or SADI-S (n = 240). The mean LOS was 3.48 ± 3.7 and 3.13 ± 2.3 days for BPD-DS and SADI-S respectively (p = 0.235). The mean operative time was shorter in the SADI-S group (167.25 ± 33.6 vs 140.85 ± 56.7 min) (p 0.00). The mean %EWL was 44.2, 62.4, and 69.4 for the BPD-DS group and 48.4, 64.5, and 67.1 for the SADI-S group at 6, 12, and 24 months respectively. The mean %TBWL was 25, 35.9, and 40.3 for the BPD-DS group, and 26.2, 35, and 36.9 for the SADI-S group at 6, 12, and 24 months respectively. Overall complication rates were comparable between BPD-DS and SADI-S groups (14% vs 18%) (p = 0.219). SADI-S showed greater emergency department visits (17% vs 7%) (p = 0.005); similar readmission rates (6% vs 7%) (p = 0.80); similar reoperation rates (3% vs 7%) (p = 0.102); and similar mortality rate (0.9% vs 0.4%), after BPD-DS and SADI-S respectively.BPD-DS achieved greater %TBWL at 2 years, but no superiority was perceived among study subgroups. SADI-S and BPD-DS showed similar overall complication rates.

Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of cholecystoduodenal fistula. Gastric ischemia due to intestinal obstruction is an extremely rare event that, if not diagnosed in time, can have a fatal outcome. We present the case of a patient with intestinal occlusion due to a gallstone obstructing the middle jejunum in which gastric ischemia was diagnosed intraoperatively due to the distension caused by the intestinal obstruction.

We have developed a highly active and well-tolerated camptothecin (CPT) drug-linker designed for antibody-mediated drug delivery in which the lead molecule consists of a 7-aminomethyl-10,11-methylenedioxy CPT (CPT1) derivative payload attached to a novel hydrophilic protease-cleavable valine–lysine–glycine tripeptide linker. A defined polyethylene glycol stretcher was included to improve the properties of the drug-linker, facilitating high antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) drug loading, while reducing the propensity for aggregation. A CPT1 ADC with 8 drug-linkers/mAb displayed a pharmacokinetic profile coincident with parental unconjugated antibody and had high serum stability. The ADCs were broadly active against cancer cells in vitro and in mouse xenograft models, giving tumor regressions and complete responses at low (≤3 mg/kg, single administration) doses. Pronounced activities were obtained in both solid and hematologic tumor models and in models of bystander killing activity and multidrug resistance. Payload release studies demonstrated that two CPTs, CPT1 and the corresponding glycine analog (CPT2), were released from a cAC10 ADC by tumor cells. An ADC containing this drug-linker was well tolerated in rats at 60 mg/kg, given weekly four times. Thus, ADCs comprised of this valine–lysine–glycine linker with CPT drug payloads have promise in targeted drug delivery.

Contextualización Los riesgos ambientales presentes en las diferentes actividades académicas, han venido variando por la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías y metodologías de estudio; ocasionando que éstos aparezcan en entornos que no estaban diseñados para realizar estas actividades tales como la iluminación, el cual un factor crítico y fundamental para el desarrollo académico. Vacío del conocimiento Se desconoce si los estudiantes de educación a distancia, presentan riesgos por iluminación en el área donde trabajan y/o estudian dentro de sus viviendas. Propósito de estudio Partiendo de lo anterior y debido a la complejidad que trajo la pandemia para volcar el hogar hacia áreas de recreación, trabajo y estudio permanentes; surgió esta investigación que busca identificar el riesgo por iluminación en las áreas de estudio de los estudiantes de educación superior a distancia. Metodología Para el desarrollo del presente estudio, se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 329 estudiantes de educación universitaria a distancia, quienes habían adquirido formación en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo previamente. Se aplicó una sección de la guía técnica de evaluación de iluminación como herramienta de recolección de información desarrollada por el INSST de España; con base en ello, se acudió a una aplicación móvil para medir la iluminación en el puesto de trabajo durante las horas de la mañana, tarde y noche. Resultados y Conclusiones Se encontró que el 35% de los estudiantes contaban con zonas exclusivas de estudio, el 74% perciben que los niveles de iluminación son óptimos para realizar estas actividades; un 30% de éstos manifiesta tener problemas asociados al cansancio y la fatiga visual, al utilizar y analizar los niveles de luminidad, se evidencio que, en promedio, solo un 30% de los encuestados cuentan con niveles de iluminación óptimos para realizar esta actividad de acuerdo con la norma.

Los fluidos de perforación poliméricos son uno de los productos más utilizados en la industria del petróleo, sin embargo, los aditivos usados para este lodo como el PAC-L y PAC-R eleva el costo de formulación. Se busca evaluar el desempeño del almidón de plátano en el control de las propiedades físicas como reología, lubricidad y filtrado. Para esto se obtuvo almidón a partir de la síntesis de la cascara de plátano, se diseñó un fluido base con el objetivo de compararlo con otros 10 fluidos de perforación en los cuales se usó almidón de plátano como sustituyente de los aditivos PAC-L y PAC-R a diferentes concentraciones. Se realizaron pruebas de reología, lubricidad y filtrado. A partir de esto se determinó la concentración óptima de almidón que se debe usar para obtener un fluido de perforación semejante al lodo base de estudio. La concentración de almidón de plátano que mantiene propiedades con el fluido en estudio (Filtrado API, Viscosidad Plástica, Punto cedente, Geles y lubricidad) es del 5,5% de almidón de plátano. Esta concentración se escogió con las pruebas más relevantes entre las mencionadas anteriormente porque aseguran un adecuado rendimiento del fluido de perforación, que permite alcanzar buenas características reológicas y tixotrópicas con las cuales se evitan problemas operativos como la pérdida del lodo, daño de formación, pega de tubería, sobrecalentamiento en la sarta, entre otros. Estos resultados nos confirman que el almidón de plátano “macho” puede reemplazar el PAC-L, PAC-R y la goma Xantica, siendo viable técnicamente para el uso de este aditivo en operaciones en campo. Así mismo, puede llegar a ser viable económicamente; por esta razón se recomienda hacer un análisis financiero que ayude a confirmar todas las variables estudiadas en un proyecto de investigación y que así sea factible tanto a nivel técnico como económico.

Las tendencias del diseño y los procesos multimodales requieren razonamiento lógico para lograr vínculos utilitarios y funcionales con el consumidor. Nucci (2020) en su trabajo de investigación puede innovar y contestar a través del diseño varias de estas interrogantes, aplicando procesos tradicionales y tecnológicos con áreas complementarias. Cada capítulo sistematiza criterios conceptos para presentar un producto funcional; sin embargo, el acercamiento a este tipo de investigaciones involucra el rol del diseño y su impacto social. La comprensión interdisciplinaria que se propicia desde el diseño emocional posiciona nuevos paradigmas a partir de las metodologías ágiles y la hedonomía. El origen de estas discusiones son configuraciones propias del capitalismo y su sistema productivo, cuestionando los objetos inútiles en un mundo de sujetos con necesidades incrementales. Es necesario abordar al diseño innecesario (Sherin, 2009), tarea compleja, pero se abre el debate para diseñar pensando en un mundo mejor.