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Research on coping strategies and social support among Vietnamese cancer caregivers remains limited. In this study, we aim to examine the relationships between types of coping strategies utilized and social support among cancer caregivers. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in three main cancer hospitals in the Northern, Central and Southern regions of Vietnam. The 28-item Brief COPE Inventory (BCI) Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were utilized. Descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression were performed. Active coping, acceptance and positive reframing were the most used coping strategies among participants, while substance use was the least commonly used. Level of social support was positively correlated with the utilization of coping mechanisms. Receiving high social support and utilizing positive coping strategies enables caregivers to mitigate their caregiving burden, control the situation and enhance their own quality of life.

Mental health disorders among university students have been a serious issue in many countries and can negatively affect academic performance and all aspects of daily living, relationships, and physical health. In this study, we aim to estimate the prevalence of severe symptoms of mental disorders and examine associated factors among students majoring in foreign languages in Vietnam. We used the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) to detect severe symptoms of mental disorders in 1,788 students, including severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The Financial-Study-Family-Friend (FSFF) scale was utilized to assess how much students worried about finance, academic, and social support from family and friends. Multiple logistic regressions were carried out to evaluate the relationship between severe symptoms of mental disorders and FSFF factors. The prevalence of severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were 21.1, 35.0, and 16.3%, respectively. While varying somewhat due to students' demographic characteristics, all four aspects of the FSFF scale were related to the severe symptoms of mental disorders of students. Concerns about study had the largest effects (ORs ranging from 2.84 to 3.72) while difficulty in finance had the smallest effects (ORs ranging from 1.23 to 1.37) on students' depression, anxiety, and stress. The prevalence of severe symptoms of mental disorders in students was high in our study. Teachers and universities should focus more attention on students' mental health. Social support from family and friends also plays a crucial role in the mental health of students.

Since facing outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza A in 2003, Vietnam has increasingly applied a One Health approach to address emerging infectious diseases of animal origin. Here, we reflect on the challenges and opportunities of One Health in the context of zoonoses, food safety, and antimicrobial resistance, drawing on a stocktake of One Health training, policy, and research in Vietnam. We also report on the results of a virtual consultation workshop held on July 2021 with representatives from 32 institutions in Vietnam to explore future One Health directions. As Vietnam approaches nearly two decades of disease preparedness and response, we hope our experiences can provide practical insights to support countries in developing coordination mechanisms and moving the One Health agenda forward toward better public health outcomes.

In recent years, with fast economic growth, Vietnam has escaped from the status of a poor and underdeveloped country, which is a remarkable achievement. Human resource plays an undeniable role in that success. Many studies have shown that the issue of "human resource quality" is one of the determinants of success or failure of a business and even an economy. The growth theory also asserts that "improving the quality of human resources" is one of three basic pillars contributing to strong economic growth. In terms of global economic integration, the need of high-quality human resource is becoming increasingly urgent for the economy. Therefore, the objective of this paper is assessing the current status of human resources in Vietnam, then propose solutions to improve its quality to meet the demands of international economic integration.

Indium-substituted yttrium iron garnet samples, Y3Fe5−xInxO12 (x = 0–0.7, step 0.1), were prepared using a citrate solgel method. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) measurements combined with the Rietveld refinement technique were used to investigate the crystallization, structure parameters and lattice distortion in the samples. Magnetization and Curie temperature of the samples were measured with the SQUID and VSM equipments. The non-magnetic indium ions were found to reside at the octahedral sites, leading to an increase of the total magnetization and a decrease in the Curie temperature. Molecular field coefficients Naa, Ndd and Nad were determined by fitting the experimental thermomagnetization curves in the framework of a two-sublattice ferrimagnetic model. The stiffness constant of the spin waves, D, in these samples was calculated based on the exchange interaction constants, Jij, and its temperature dependence was derived for the sublattice magetizations. The calculated results for D(T) are in good agreement with the experimentally measured data and are significantly large around room temperature.

Các tác giả sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính trong bài viết để đánh giá thực trạng xuất khẩu và năng lực cạnh tranh xuất khẩu của sầu riêng Việt Nam tại thị trường Đài Loan. Nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng, kim ngạch, sản lượng và giá cả xuất khẩu sầu riêng của Việt Nam đang gia tăng mạnh mẽ tại thị trường Đài Loan, tuy nhiên, kết quả vẫn còn rất khiêm tốn so với tiềm năng xuất khẩu sang thị trường này. Năng lực xuất khẩu sầu riêng của Việt Nam đang gia tăng, nhưng vẫn thấp hơn nhiều so với các đối thủ cạnh tranh. Việt Nam không bị bất lợi thế về thuế quan so với các đối thủ cạnh tranh tại Đài Loan. Tuy nhiên, các quy định kiểm dịch động thực vật và tiêu chuẩn kĩ thuật chính là rào cản thương mại lớn nhất đối với sầu riêng của Việt Nam tại thị trường Đài Loan.

Betacyanin được ứng dụng làm chất màu thực phẩm hoặc mỹ phẩm thay thế chất tạo màu hóa học. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng phương pháp tối ưu hóa bề mặt đáp ứng để đánh giá ảnh hưởng đồng thời của tỉ lệ dung môi:nguyên liệu, thời gian áp dụng vi sóng và pH lên quá trình trích ly betacyanin từ vỏ quả thanh long. Hàm lượng acid ascorbic bảo quản, phenol tổng số và khả năng khử DPPH của dịch chiết betacyanin thu nhận ở điều kiện tối ưu đã được đánh giá. Tại điều kiện tối ưu: tỉ lệ dung môi: nguyên liệu = 53 (v/w); thời gian chiết = 91 (giây) và pH = 5,3, hàm lượng betacyanin thu được là 72,13 (mg/100 g). Dịch chiết được bổ sung acid ascorbic ở nồng độ 0,5% (w/v) có thời gian bảo quản dài nhất. Khả năng khử gốc tự do DPPH của dịch chiết có giá trị IC50 là 48,02% (v/v); hàm lượng phenol tổng số là 41,41 mg GAE/ 100 mL.

Thanh long (Hylocereus undatus) là loại trái cây chứa hàm lượng dinh dưỡng phong phú, giàu vitamin, khoáng và chất xơ. Đây là nguồn cơ chất rất phù hợp cho vi khuẩn lactic sinh trưởng. Hiện tại ở Việt Nam, thanh long chủ yếu được sử dụng trực tiếp ở dạng quả tươi hoặc lên men tạo rượu. Trong nghiên cứu này, lần đầu tiên dịch quả thanh long trắng được lên men lactic bằng vi khuẩn Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 nhằm tạo đồ uống lên men giàu lợi khuẩn, hướng đến đa dạng hóa các sản phẩm từ nguyên liệu thanh long ruột trắng. Các thông số lên men được khảo sát bao gồm nồng độ chất khô, pH, tỉ lệ giống cấy và thời gian lên men. Đồng thời, sức sống của lợi khuẩn theo thời gian bảo quản và khả năng sống sót trong điều kiện khắc nghiệt ở hệ tiêu hóa cũng được theo dõi. Kết quả cho thấy, ở các điều kiện lên men bao gồm nồng độ chất khô 16 °Bx, pH 6,0, tỉ lệ giống cấy 4% (v/v) tương ứng mật độ ban đầu là 4,8 × 107 CFU/mL, thời gian lên men phù hợp nhất là 72 giờ. Sản phẩm có mật độ lợi khuẩn đạt 10,4 log tương ứng với 2,5 × 1010 CFU/mL). Lợi khuẩn trong dịch lên men có khả năng sống sót 94,39% sau 2 giờ ở dịch dạ dày nhân tạo (SGJ, pH 2,0) và 77,19% sau 4 giờ ở dịch ruột nhân tạo (SIF). Sau thời gian bảo quản 21 ngày ở 4 °C, mật độ lợi khuẩn giảm còn 9,91 log.

The utilization of waste cooking oil (WCO) or waste fish oil (WFO) as inexpensive carbon substrate for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator H16 was investigated. Fed-batch cultivation mode in bioreactor was applied in this study. High cell dry weight (CDW) of 135.1 g/L, PHB content of 76.9 wt%, PHB productivity of 1.73 g/L/h, and PHB yield of 0.8 g/g were obtained from WCO. In the case of WFO, the CDW, PHB content, PHB productivity, and PHB yield were 114.8 g/L, 72.5 wt%, 1.73 g/L/h, and 0.92 g/g, respectively. The PHB productivity and yield obtained in the current study from WCO or WFO are among the highest reported so far for PHA production using oils as sole carbon substrate, suggesting that both WCO and WFO can be used as inexpensive carbon substrates for the production of PHA on an industrial scale.

Fears of COVID-19 covered humans on earth quickly since the first appearance of Coronavirus in Wuhan in 2019. Consequently, online learning has been deployed widely to ensure the continuity of education in the context of the pandemic. The mixed-method study was conducted to examine the extent of fears Vietnamese students’ perceived as well as their learning adaptability, using the Fears of COVID-19 Pandemic (FCV19) scale and Adaptability scale as research instruments. Data was analyzed relied on Mean statistics from SPSS22, combined with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the influences of fears of COVID-19 on students’ online learning adaptability. The results triangulated with qualitative data from open-ended questions showed that students were moderately afraid of the COVID-19 pandemic but had a high level of adaptability in online learning. Additionally, fears of COVID-19 also had little impact on students’ online learning adaptability. Instead, students showed off some other fears preventing their virtual learning, including (1) fears of wasting time and money for a shoddy online education, (2) fears of loneliness and laziness, (3) fears of distracting factors when learning online, and (4) fears of lacking learning materials.

Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi nghiên cứu một số kết quả về môđun bất biến đẳng cấu trên vành Goldie phải, đồng thời nêu một số tính chất liên quan đến lớp các môđun này. Ngoài ra, chúng tôi cũng khẳng định một số vấn đề liên quan đến lớp vành bất biến đẳng cấu không suy biến.

Changes in melanosis, microbiology, and fat oxidation in Pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) when treated with Houttuynia cordata extract (designated E-DC) were monitored during cold storage for seven days at 2oC. Whole shrimps treated with E-DC solution (0.025%, w/v) revealed slow growth of total aerobic microorganisms, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, throughout cold storage in comparison to the control sample treated by water (p0.05). These results suggested the potential of using natural compounds from vegetable extraction as a safe and effective alternative for commercial chemical-derived preservatives in shrimp storage.

Recent studies have shown that probiotic supplementation during late gestation exerts some beneficial effects on reproductive performance of the sows. This study aimed to investigate effects of Bacillus subtilis QST 713 supplementation in gilts on different reproductive criteria. A total of 94 Camborough-48 gilts at day 85 of gestation were randomly allocated into 2 groups: (1) control diet; (2) control diet + 4 × 108 CFU Bacillus subtilis QST 713 per day. Gilts were supplemented until farrowing. At farrowing, litter size, number of piglets born alive, stillbirths, mummies, birth weight, farrowing duration, and birth interval were recorded. Within litter variation of piglet birth weight, depicted as SDBW and CVBW, was also calculated. Results showed that Bacillus subtilis QST 713 supplementation decreased stillbirth rate (1.26 vs. 4.37%, p=0.035) and increased birth weight of the piglets (1303.94 vs. 1234.09 g, p=0.007). Also, the litter size (11.85 vs. 10.67, p=0.03), number of piglets born alive (11.71 vs. 10.23, p=0.008), and litter weight (15473.06 vs. 13174.86 g, p=0.002) in the treatment group were higher than those in the control. Farrowing duration (174.39 vs. 160.81 minutes, p=0.162), birth interval (16.32 vs. 16.59 minutes, p=0.674), SDBW (85.07 vs. 94.65 g, p=0.343), and CVBW (6.42 vs. 7.85, p=0.12) were independent of the Bacillus subtilis QST 713 supplementation. Results of the present study indicate that supplementation of Bacillus subtilis QST 713 during late gestation in gilts reduces stillbirth and increases birth weight thereby improving their reproductive performance.

Thin film aluminum nitride on insulator (AlNOI) has gained attention as a promising material platform for integrated photonic circuits (PICs) due to its ability to operate over a wide spectral range covering the ultra-violet to mid-infrared regions, while enabling a broad range of passive photonic functionalities. This study aims to optimize sputtered AlNOI films for PICs, with an emphasis on the spectroscopic ellipsometry study over a range from 0.19 µm to 25 µm. Furthermore, we discuss our approach for fabricating AlNOI PICs components, with a particular focus on optimizing the etching process to attain smooth sidewall waveguides.

In continuity of our search for novel anticancer agents acting as procaspase activators, we have designed and synthesised two series of (E)-N′-benzylidene-carbohydrazides (4a–m) and (Z)-N'-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)carbohydrazides (5a–g) incorporating 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indole core. Bioevaluation showed that the compounds, especially compounds in series 4a–m, exhibited potent cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (SW620, colon cancer; PC-3, prostate cancer; NCI-H23, lung cancer). Within series 4a–m, compounds with 2-OH substituent (4g–i) exhibited very strong cytotoxicity in three human cancer cell lines assayed with IC50 values in the range of 0.56–0.83 µM. In particular, two compounds 4d and 4f bearing 4-Cl and 4-NO2 substituents, respectively, were the most potent in term of cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 0.011–0.001 µM. In caspase activation assay, compounds 4b and 4f were found to activate caspase activity by 314.3 and 270.7% relative to PAC-1. This investigation has demonstrated the potential of these simple acetohydrazides, especially compounds 4b, 4d, and 4f, as anticancer agents.

Purpose: Dental arch dimensions are important not only in dentistry (e.g. orthodontists and prosthodontists, and forensic odontology), but also other medical fields, biology, biometrics, painting or sculpture. This study aimed to determine these dimensions in Vietnamese children and compare these measurements across four ethnic groups and genders. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3204 Vietnamese children at 7 years of age from four major ethnic groups in Vietnam (Kinh, Tay, Thai and Muong). Results: The means variables in study subjects were 33.72 ± 2.16 mm for upper inter-canine width (UCW); 52.74 ± 2.55 mm for upper inter-molar width (UMW); 8.69 ± 1.79 mm for upper anterior length (UAL); 29.59 ± 1.97 mm for upper posterior length (UPL); 26.94 ± 2.49 mm for lower inter-canine width (LCW); 45.89 ± 2.59 mm for lower inter-molar width (LMW); 5.04 ± 1.53 mm for lower anterior length (LAL); and 26.22 ± 2.07 mm for lower posterior length (LPL). The UCM, UMW, and LMW of Muong were significantly wider in males, but narrower in females compared with other ethnic groups. The Kinh, Tay and Thai groups had no significant differences between genders in all dimensions, but these sizes were significantly larger in males than females of Muong group. Conclusions: This study presents the means of dental arch dimensions in 7 year-old Vietnamese children, and there is no statistical differences in these dimensions between genders of almost studied groups, except Muong group. Ethnic differences are observed only in UCW, UMW and LMW of Muong vs other groups. Furthermore, Vietnamese children have dental arch width similar to the African and Caucasian.

Abstract Background Calreticulin (CALR) gene mutations are currently recommended as biomarkers in diagnosis of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) with Jak2 V617F negative phenotype. Our aim was to establish a rapid, low cost and sensitive assay for identification of CALR gene mutations and to validate the diagnostic performance of the established assay in a patient cohort with different clinical MPN phenotypes. Methods One hundred five Philadelphia-negative MPN patients, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) were initially screened for JAK2 mutations by amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) methodology and were further subjected to detection of CALR gene mutations by our in-house assay, a PCR based amplicon length differentiation assay (PCR-ALDA). The PCR-ALDA methodology was compared with real time PCR and Sanger sequencing methods. Furthermore, the analytical sensitivity of the assay was established. Results PCR - ALDA approach was able to detect and discriminate the pseudo-positive samples containing more than 1% CALR mutant alleles. CALR mutations were not detected in 63 Jak2 V617F positive cases in all three methods. In contrast, amongst 42 Jak2 V617F negative cases, both PCR-ALDA and Sanger sequencing coherently identified 12 CALR mutants compared to 10 CALR mutants detected by real-time PCR method. Conclusion PCR-ALDA can be utilized as an easy-to-use, rapid, low cost and sensitive tool in the detection of CALR mutations in Philadelphia-negative MPN patients.

Background: In 2016-2017, 68 women in Southern Vietnam had RT-PCR confirmed Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy. We report here the outcomes of the pregnancies and the virological analyses related to this outbreak. Methods: We collected clinical and epidemiological information from the women who were enrolled in the study. Medical records related to the pregnancy in 2016–2017 were retrieved for those who were not able to be enrolled in the study. Children born to women with ZIKV infection during pregnancy were also enrolled. Serum samples were evaluated for presence of ZIKV antibodies. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on Zika virus genomes sequenced from the 2016–2017 serum samples. Findings: Of the 68 pregnancies, 58 were livebirths and 10 were medically terminated. Four of the medical records from cases of fetal demise were able to be retrieved, of which one was consistent with congenital ZIKV infection. Of the 58 women with a livebirth, 21 participated in the follow-up investigation. All but two women had serologic evidence of ZIKV infection. Of the 21 children included in the study (mean age: 30.3 months), 3 had microcephaly at birth. No other clinical abnormalities were reported and no differences in neurodevelopment were observed compared to a control group. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clade within the ZIKV Asian lineage and branch at the root of samples from the 2013–2014 French Polynesian outbreak. The prM S139N mutation was not observed. Interpretation: We have been able to demonstrate a clade within the ZIKV Asian lineage implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes in Southern Vietnam. Funding: INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005) and a grant received from BNP Paribas Simplidon.

Background: Covid - 19 is a global pandemic, affecting all areas of social life in every country. In the current conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, individual health behaviors are of primary importance. Each citizen consciously implements their health behaviors not only to prevent them from being infected but also to help the country's prevention of Covid-19 effective. The study of factors predicting people’s health behaviors in the community will help managers come up with appropriate measures to improve public health and to quickly repel the pandemic. Objectives: The research analyzes factors predicting personal health behaviors during the Covid-19 pandemic in Vietnam, including: pandemic awareness, self-assessment of the possibility of becoming infected, fear of disease, quality of life, and mental health (anxiety). Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. Data were collected from a convenient sample of 572 people in Vietnam (118 males, 451 females; M age =27.0 (sd = 10.0) ) by a means of an online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was constructed based on the YouGov Behavior Change questionnaire; the Fear of Coronavirus-19 Scale (FCV-19), WHOQOL-BREF, the Moral Foundation Questionnaire, and Knowledge of Covid-19. This study performed multivariate regression analysis to explore effects of moral, quality of life, knowledge and fear of Coronavirus-19 on health behaviors of participants. Result: The result showed that fear and sex factors explain 4% (R2-adj = 4%) of health behavior change in the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, there is a signìicant relationship between health behaviors and fear, age, gender, and occupation. Conclusion: People's health behaviors are particularly concerned during the Covid-19 pandemic. Community healthcare activities for the people should be tailored to suit different population groups such as gender, age or emotional experiences. More in-depth studies are needed to find out the causes of these differences, thereby proposing practical solutions to help people practice more effective health behaviors, contributing to preventing and combating the outbreak.

In Vietnam, the public health burden of rickettsial infections continues to be underestimated due to knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of these diseases. We conducted a systematic study among 27 hospitals from 26 provinces in eight ecological regions throughout Vietnam to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of rickettsial diseases. We recruited 1834 patients in the study from April 2018 to October 2019. The findings showed that rickettsial diseases were common among undifferentiated febrile patients, with 564 (30.8%) patients positive by qPCR for scrub typhus, murine typhus or spotted fever. Scrub typhus (484, 85.8%) was the most common rickettsial disease, followed by murine typhus (67, 11.9%) and spotted fever (10, 1.8%). Rickettsial diseases were widely distributed in all regions of Vietnam and presented with nonspecific clinical manifestations.

BackgroundEarly diagnosis, precise antimicrobial treatment and subsequent patient stratification can improve sepsis outcomes. Circulating biomarkers such as plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) have proven to be surrogates for diagnosis, severity and case management of infections. The expression of four selected miRNAs (miR-146-3p, miR-147b, miR-155 and miR-223) was validated for their prognostic and diagnostic potential in a clinically defined cohort of patients with sepsis and septic shock.MethodsThe expression of plasma miRNAs was quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in patients with bacterial sepsis (n = 78), in patients with septic shock (n = 52) and in patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF; n = 69) and in healthy controls (n = 82).ResultsThe expression of studied miRNA was significantly increased in patients with bacterial sepsis and septic shock. The plasma miR-147b was able to differentiate bacterial sepsis from non-sepsis and septic shock (AUC = 0.77 and 0.8, respectively, p≤ 0.05), while the combination of plasma miR-147b and procalcitonin (PCT) predicted septic shock (AUC = 0.86, p≤ 0.05).ConclusionsThe plasma miR-147b may be an useful biomarker independently or in combination with PCT to support clinical diagnosis of sepsis and equally prognosis of patients with septic shock.

The treatment of wastewater from the textile industry containing organic dyes faces many challenges since these compounds resist the biodegradation process in conventional treatment units. Among the physicochemical processes, photocatalysis is considered a facile, cheap, and environmental-friendly technology for treating persistent organic pollutants in waters at low concentrations. This study investigated several physicochemical factors determining the photocatalytic activity of titanate nanotubes (TNTs) to remove Procion MX 032 (PMX), an azo dye, in waters. Degradation of PMX by photocatalytic oxidation process at room temperature (30°C) was set up with the UV irradiation in the presence of different types of photocatalyst such as ST-01 (100% anatase), industrial TiO2, TNTs calcined at 120°C and 500°C. Effect of reaction time, catalyst amount, pH, light wavelength and intensity, and oxidants was investigated. Consequently, TNTs calcined at 500°C provided the highest removal efficiency. The photocatalytic oxidation of PMX by TNT calcined at 500°C was affected by pH variation, getting the highest removal at pH of 8, and inhibited with the presence of H2O2 and O2. Particularly, the PMX degradation using titanate nanotubes was optimized under the UV-A intensity of 100 W/m2. The dye was degraded by more than 95% at the TNTs concentration of 75 mg/L and pH 8.0 after 90 min. The results suggest that photocatalysis using TNTs can be a simple but efficient treatment method to remove PMX and potentially be applied for the treatment of wastewaters containing dyes.

In this study, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 7 major pharmaceutical residues in Vietnam, namely, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ketoprofen, paracetamol, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim, in surface water and hospital wastewater has been developed. The method includes enrichment and clean-up steps by solid phase extraction using mix-mode cation exchange, followed by identification and quantification using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry and employing electrospray ionization (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Seven target compounds were separated on the reversed phase column and detected in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode within 6 minutes. The present study also optimized the operating parameters of the mass spectrometer to achieve the highest analytical signals for all target compounds. All characteristic parameters of the analytical method were investigated, including linearity range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, and accuracy. The important parameter in UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, matrix effect, was assessed and implemented via preextraction and postextraction spiking experiments. The overall recoveries of all target compounds were in the ranges from 55% to 109% and 56 % to 115% for surface water and hospital wastewater, respectively. Detection limits for surface water and hospital wastewater were 0.005–0.015 µg L−1 and 0.014–0.123 µg L−1, respectively. The sensitivity of the developed method was allowed for determination of target compounds at trace level in environmental water samples. The in-house validation of the developed method was performed by spiking experiment in both the surface water and hospital wastewater matrix. The method was then applied to analyze several surface water and hospital wastewater samples taken from West Lake and some hospitals in Vietnam, where the level of these pharmaceutical product residues was still missed. Sulfamethoxazole was present at a high detection frequency in both surface water (33% of analyzed samples) and hospital wastewater (81% of analyzed samples) samples.

In Vietnam, little is elucidated in scientific literatures about the mental health of caregivers of people with cancer. We conducted a cross-sectional study to report the situation and correlates of self-reported psychological distress among caregivers of cancer patients in Vietnam in 2019. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. A total of 16.5% of the study participants had psychological distress. Respondent’s mean score of negative emotion was 7.6 ± 2. Educational level and type of support were significantly associated with having psychological distress among caregivers. Gender, occupation, financial difficulty, treatment belief and social support significantly correlated to psychological distress level of caregivers.

Payments for forest environmental services (PFES) is a major breakthrough policy in the Vietnamese forestry sector because it contributes 25% of the total investments in the forestry sector and serves as the first market-based instrument employed to protect forests. However, there is little empirical evidence of its effectiveness. Is the policy meeting the core objectives of improving forest cover and forest quality and is it also achieving its claims of supporting local livelihoods? This paper analyses the environmental, social, and economic impacts of PFES in Son La province, the longest standing implementation of a PFES scheme in Vietnam. Our study uses a sampling method that incorporates pre-matching and a before-after-control-intervention approach. Data was collected from government statistics, remote sensing analysis, focus group discussions involving 236 people, surveys with a total of 240 households, and key informant interviews with 45 people. Our findings show that additionality of PFES in Son La is controversial and depends on who collects the data and what data is used to evaluate the impacts of PFES. Data collection is also politicized to serve central, provincial and district government interests. Evidence shows that PFES has provided little additional income to individual villagers to protect forests in Son La. However, total PFES revenue paid to communities generates significant income for village communities. Moreover, not all villagers can receive continuous payments from PFES, meaning that PFES has not become a stable source of income, rendering the permanence of PFES limited. Improving monitoring and evaluation policies coupled with transparent, inclusive, independent mechanisms are essential to providing a more accurate reflection of impacts from PFES in Vietnam.

Smoking is a global health problem among health science students. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of smoking and to examine associated factors among health science students from five universities in Vietnam. Among 5946 participants (95.0% response rate), the smoking prevalence was 19.2% (95% CI:17.4–21.0%) among male students and 2.9% (95% CI:2.4–3.5%) among female students. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors for smoking were the perceived financial burden, the respondent’s year in university, a non-self-determined motivation profile, self-reported depression and/or anxiety, the level of vigorous physical activity, and alcohol drinking.

Background: Drinking water quality affects directly human health. Assessment and prevention of water-borne diseases are crucial for primary prevention, especially for children. Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the quality of drinking water from tap water in preschools and primary schools in a district area in Hanoi City, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from August to October 2019. Water samples from tap water of 154 schools in a district area of Hanoi were collected to determine the quality of drinking water. From each school, at least 2 bottles of water samples were collected on the basis of a standard operating procedure (SOP). Each water sample was analyzed for microbial and physicochemical parameters, including Color, Taste and Odor, Turbidity, pH, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonium, Total Iron, Permanganate, Chloride, Hardness, Total Manganese, Sulfate, Arsenic, Coliform , and E.coli , by analytical methods. The obtained values of each parameter were compared with the standard values set by WHO and National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality of Vietnam. Results: All of the schools employed community water system as a main source for drinking water. The results showed that all tested samples were found to be within the standards for some physicochemical properties, including Color, Taste and Odor, Hardness, Chloride, Total Iron (Fe 2+ và Fe 3+ ), Total Manganese (Mn), Nitrate (NO 3 – ), Sulfate (SO 4 2– ), and Total Arsenic (As). On the other hand, some samples did not meet the allowable limits of the national standard, due to pH (3.9%), Turbidity (0.6%), Nitrite (3.2%), Permanganate (6.5%), and Ammonium (5.8%). Furthermore, the microbial data revealed that the substandard water samples from municipal water systems were contaminated by Coliform (9.7%) and/or E.coli ( 7.8%). Conclusions and recommendations: Contaminants such as bacterial and chemical agents in to drinking water could be occurred during transport, storage and handling before using by the consumer without regular surveillance. A periodic treatment procedure and monitoring system to keep the level of microbial and chemical contamination of drinking water in schools under control should be performed.

Nghiên cứu xác định các điều kiện ảnh hưởng đến quá trình lên men dịch trái trâm (Syzygium cumini L.) sử dụng dòng nấm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae TN4. Sử dụng phần mềm Design Expert 7.0 để xác định các thông số tối ưu bao gồm pH, độ Brix và mật số nấm men ban đầu. Kết quả cho thấy với pH 4,2, 24°Brix và mật số nấm men ban đầu là 6 x 106 tế bào/mL sẽ cho độ cồn cao nhất đạt 10,78 % v/v. Ở thời điểm lên men 3 ngày, sản phẩm sau lên men đã đạt độ cồn 5,20% v/v, phù hợp với sản phẩm nước lên men trái trâm. Xác định được 11 hợp chất thực vật từ dịch và sản phẩm nước lên men trái trâm thông qua phương pháp quang phổ bao gồm steroid, triterpenoid, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, quinone, saponin, antocyanin, glucose, carotenoid và alkaloid. Hàm lượng polyphenol tổng của dịch trái trâm cao hơn của nước lên men trái trâm, cụ thể là là 57,0 mg GAE/L và 55,0 mg GAE/L. Sau quá trình lên men, khả năng khử gốc peroxide của nước lên men đạt giá trị IC50là 8,56 μL/mL, tăng so với dịch trâm ban đầu với giá trị IC50 là 12,23 μL/mL, cho thấy sản phẩm nước lên men trái trâm có khả năng kháng oxy hóa tốt hơn dịch trái trâm ban đầu.

Objective: To examine the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the alkaloid enriched extract (ELA) from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Methods: The in vitro antiinflammatory effects of ELA were evaluated by examining its inhibitory activities against nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The level of NO produced in the culture media was determined by Griess method. The iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions were analyzed by Western blot. The in vivo effect of ELA was evaluated on LPS-induced septic shock in mice model. Mice mortality was monitored for 5 days after injection of LPS. The chemical contents of the ELA were determined by using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Results: The ELA was found to exhibit a significant anti-inflammatory effect in both in vitro and in vivo models. The results demonstrated that ELA dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced NO production as well as the protein iNOS and COX-2 expressions. In the septic shock model, ELA dose-dependently protected mice from LPS-induced mortality. Further study on the isolated components of ELA indicated that 9,10-dimethoxycanthin-6-one may contribute significantly to the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract. Conclusions: These results suggest that ELA exhibits the anti-inflammatory activity via suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, and COX-2 and protects mice from LPS-induced mortality in septic shock model.

In this study, the pyrocarbon deposition process from the methane/hydrogen gases mixture into the graphite- and coal tar-based nanocomposite in the low pressure condition was investigated. When adjusting vacuum of isotherm process and maintaining the gasses flow, the best deposition efficiency was observed at the pressure ranging from 15 - 30 kPa with enhanced nanocomposite density from 4.23 to 6.36 %. At this condition, the crystals were formed and grown from inside of the pores. At the same pressure condition and gasses ratio, the deposition temperature was of great effect on the density and porous property of nanocompsite as the density increased 4.26 % at the deposition tempearture of approximately 1,100 C. Study on the structure of nanocomposite samples before and after chemical vapor deposition indicated that at the deposition temperature of 1,100 C and pressure of 15 - 30 kPa, the gaps between fibers framework were filled with pyrocarbon with the crystals sizes of 3 - 5 µm.

In this paper, the impact of the jamming signal on the secrecy performance of Energy Harvesting (EH) enabled dual-hop amplify-and-forward relaying network is investigated. First, the security outage probability analysis is studied for conventional networks under a single passive eavesdropper attack. Then, the outage performance analysis in two cases regarding energy harvesting is investigated. Moreover, the proposed work enhances Physical Layer (PHY) security performance of two-hop relaying model using Cooperative Jamming Dual-Hop Techniques (CJDH). For this purpose, new closed-form expressions are derived for the outage probability of CJDH model in the presence of interference over Rayleigh fading channels. A power allocation optimization problem for energy harvesting protocol is formulated and solved for enhancing the system security. The derived analytical formulas herein are supported by numerical and simulation results to clarify the main contributions of the paper.

Abstract Background Clinical progression of HBV-related liver diseases is largely associated with the activity of HBV-specific T cells. Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2), mainly secreted by T cells, is an important effector molecule of the immune system. Methods sFGL2 levels were determined by ELISA assays in sera of 296 HBV patients clinically classified into the subgroups of acute hepatitis B (AHB), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and patients with LC plus HCC. As control group, 158 healthy individuals were included. FGL2 mRNA was quantified by qRT-PCR in 32 pairs of tumor and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues. Results sFGL2 levels were elevated in HBV patients compared to healthy controls (P

Introduction: For the identification of bacterial pathogens, blood culture is still the gold standard diagnostic method. However, several disadvantages apply to blood cultures, such as time and rather large volumes of blood sample required. We have previously established an optimised multiplex real-time PCR method in order to diagnose bloodstream infections. Material and methods: In the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of this optimised multiplex RT-PCR in blood samples collected from 110 septicaemia patients enrolled at the 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Results: Positive results were obtained by blood culture, the Light Cylcler-based SeptiFast® assay and our multiplex RT-PCR in 35 (32%), 31 (28%), and 31 (28%) samples, respectively. Combined use of the three methods confirmed 50 (45.5%) positive cases of bloodstream infection, a rate significantly higher compared to the exclusive use of one of the three methods (P = 0.052, 0.012 and 0.012, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of our assay were higher compared to that of the SeptiFast® assay (77.4%, 86.1% and 0.8 vs. 67.7%, 82.3% and 0.73, respectively). Combined use of blood culture and multiplex RT-PCR assay showed a superior diagnostic performance, as the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC reached 83.3%, 100%, and 0.95, respectively. The concordance between blood culture and the multiplex RT-PCR assay was highest for Klebsiella pneumonia (100%), followed by Streptococcus spp. (77.8%), Escherichia coli (66.7%), Staphylococcus spp. (50%) and Salmonella spp. (50%). In addition, the use of the newly established multiplex RT-PCR assay increased the spectrum of identifiable agents (Acintobacter baumannii, 1/32; Proteus mirabilis, 1/32). Conclusion: The combination of culture and the multiplex RT-PCR assay provided an excellent diagnostic accomplishment and significantly supported the identification of causative pathogens in clinical samples obtained from septic patients.

Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is more often multifocal and bilateral than invasive ductal carcinoma. MRI is usually recommended for detection of all ILC sites. The performance of known diagnostic breast MRI criteria for ILC characterization has not been evaluated to date using bilateral mastectomy specimens as gold standard.Purpose: To determine the value of BI-RADS 2006 MRI criteria for ILC detection and characterization, using pathological examination of bilateral mastectomy specimens as the reference standard.Material and Methods: Between 2004 and 2007, we retrospectively included all patients with pathologically documented ILC referred to our institution for bilateral mastectomy and preoperative bilateral breast MRI. The location, diameter, and characteristics (BI-RADS) of all lesions were compared with pathological findings. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of bilateral breast MRI for the diagnosis of ILC were calculated. Association of MRI BI-RADS categorical variables and characterization of ILC were assessed (Fisher exact test).Results: Among 360 patients treated for ILC in 2004-2007, 15 patients qualified for this study. Thirty-one ILC foci were found on pathological examination (30 ipsilateral and 1 contralateral tumor; mean diameter 23 mm; range 2-60 mm) and all were identified on MRI, with 90% of masses and 10% non-mass-like enhancements; MRI features significantly associated with ILC included absence of smooth margins (P = 0.02) and rim-shaped enhancement (P = 0.039). Enhancement kinetics of the 31 foci were evenly distributed among wash-out, plateau, and persistent profiles. Eleven additional lesions were seen on MRI, mainly corresponding to fibrocystic disease; 91% presented as masses and 9% had a wash-out profile.Conclusion: Based on the 2006 BI-RADS criteria, breast MRI shows a high sensitivity for ILC detection, at the expense of a 26% false-positive rate, suggesting that a pathological proof by US- or MR-guided biopsy is required in case of suspicious MRI images in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns the initial-boundary value problem for nonlinear pseudo-parabolic equation $$\displaylines{ u_{t}-u_{xxt}-(1+\mu (u_{x}))u_{xx}+(1+\sigma (u_{x}))u=f(x,t),\quad 0

Molecular species detection in food has become common in the last years. In this study, multiplex PCR (mPCR) technique was applied to discriminate between the pork and beef with the aim of detecting the pork in food products made from beef. We developed a m-PCR protocol detected the presence of pork in food products made from beef based on Cytochrome-b gene by a general primer pair F and primer pair (RP, RC), specific two private with pig and cow. The m-PCR method was successfully designed with technical parameters, such as the annealing temperature of 590C and the final concentration of each primer in a reaction of 0,4µM. The minimum DNA concentration of pig and cow could be detected by m-PCR, which was 0,1ng/µl. This process was tested on 24 different beef sausage samples tagged no pork, resulting in 11/24 (46%) of samples, were found the presence of pork and 54% (13/24) of samples no beef and pork. According to this sequencing result that are completely accordant, we affirm primer-specific amplification in this study can be applied to experiment on large number of sample and the ton other types food made from beef.

A series of novel 5′(7′)-substituted-2′-oxospiro[1,3]dioxolane-2,3′-indoline-based N-hydroxypropenamides were designed, synthesized and evaluated for histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition and cytotoxicity. It was found that the compounds in this series displayed potent inhibitory effects against HDAC2 with IC50 values as low as 0.284 μM, almost comparable to that of SAHA (IC50, 0.265 μM), a positive control. In Western blot analysis, these compounds also exhibited noted inhibition toward histone deacetylation and this inhibition was found to correlate well with the cytotoxicity of the compounds in three human cancer cell lines. Docking studies indicated the compounds in this series bound to HDAC2 with high binding affinities (∼−9.8 kcal/mol) compared to SAHA (−7.4 kcal/mol).

This study developed a model depicting the mediating role of service climate on the relationships between leadership commitment to service quality, service-oriented human resource practices and brand citizenship behavior, taking into account the competitive intensity in the tourist hotel industry. Data was collected from a sample of 287 hotel employees in Danang. The research findings support the proposed relationships between leadership commitment to service quality and service climate, as well as that between service-oriented human resource practices and service climate. The relationship between service-oriented human resource practices and service climate is negatively moderated by the competitive intensity in the tourist hotel industry. The findings further support that service climate fully mediates the relationships between the organizational antecedents and brand citizenship behavior.

In this report, we present the case of a 53-year-old man with rice body formation in the right knee caused by tuberculous arthritis (TB arthritis). The patient visited our hospital in January 2018 with a seven-month history of swelling and pain in the right knee. He had no previous history of tuberculosis, and the results of the routine laboratory tests were within normal limits; he also tested negative for rheumatoid factor. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed multiple rice bodies in the right knee, measuring 5-8 mm. He underwent an arthroscopic operation in the right knee in January 2018 and received antituberculosis polytherapy for 6 months. He was followed-up for more than 01 year. The patient regained good function of the operated knee with no evidence of recurrence during the last follow-up in February 2019. Conclusion. The biggest challenge in diagnosing tuberculosis arthritis is the consideration of its possibility in the differential diagnosis, not only in endemic countries where tuberculosis is frequent. A high level of suspicion for TB should be maintained for every infection of the knee joint, particularly in the case of intra-articular rice bodies.

Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích khảo sát quy trình thu nhận XOS từ bã mía bằng enzyme endo-1,4-β-xylanase. Bã mía được tiền xử lý nhằm loại bỏ lignin và thu nhận hemicellulose giàu xylan. Quá trình thủy phân xylan được thực hiện với 2 yếu tố khảo sát là nồng độ enzyme và thời gian. Dịch XOS sau đó được cô đặc ở nhiệt độ 65oC và sấy thăng hoa ở nhiệt độ -80oC, áp suất 3,5 Pa, thời gian sấy 14 giờ. Bột XOS được đánh giá khả năng kháng oxy hóa bằng phương pháp DPPH và đánh giá tác động đối với sự tăng trưởng của Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, bã mía được tiền xử lý bằng H2O2 6%, KOH 15% thích hợp để thu hemicellulose giàu xylan với hiệu suất thu hồi là 36,73%. Hàm lượng XOS cao nhất đạt 1148,92 mg/L ở điều kiện thủy phân tương ứng với tỉ lệ enzyme bổ sung 6% (v/v) (ứng với lượng enzyme 75 U/g) trong thời gian thủy phân 8 giờ. Sau khi cô đặc, hàm lượng XOS trong dịch tăng lên 13,6 lần. Bột XOS thể hiện khả năng loại bỏ gốc tự do DPPH đạt 50% tại nồng độ XOS 4 mg/mL và được lợi khuẩn L. plantarum sử dụng như nguồn carbon để tăng trưởng.

Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định điều kiện sấy phun thích hợp tạo bột thanh long lên men lactic giàu lợi khuẩn Lactobacillus acidophilus. Hai yếu tố được lựa chọn khảo sát trong quá trình sấy phun dịch thanh long đã lên men lactic là nồng độ maltodextrin (10÷25% (w/v)) và nhiệt độ đầu vào (115÷145oC). Sản phẩm bột được đánh giá một số chỉ tiêu hóa lý, vi sinh. Kết quả thu được cho thấy, nhiệt độ đầu vào 125oC và nồng độ maltodextrin bổ sung 20% (w/v) là phù hợp để tạo bột thanh long lên men lactic có mật độ lợi khuẩn 8,85 log (CFU/g); độ ẩm 3,31%; hàm lượng protein 1,29%; carbohydrate 90,9%; tổng số vi khuẩn hiếu khí 6,8x102 CFU/g và không phát hiện bào tử nấm mốc, nấm men. Bột thanh long lên men được hoàn nguyên ở tỉ lệ 1:2 (w/v) tạo dạng thức uống liền với giá trị cảm quan tốt. Lợi khuẩn trong bột thanh long lên men có khả năng sống sót 94,18% sau 2 giờ ở dịch dạ dày nhân tạo và 78,96% sau 4 giờ ở dịch ruột nhân tạo.

Nghiên cứu tối ưu bằng phương pháp bề mặt đáp ứng (RSM) để tìm sự tương tác đồng thời của độ ẩm, thời gian và tỉ lệ cơ chất lên quá trình tổng hợp lipase từ Aspergillus niger, đánh giá khả năng thủy phân của lipase ở bước tiền xử lý lipid trong nước thải gồm: nồng độ enzyme 0,1÷0,5% (w/v), nhiệt độ 30÷50oC và nồng độ chất béo 200÷3.400 mg/L. Theo dõi các chỉ số khí biogas, nhu cầu oxy hóa học, độ màu. Kết quả, hoạt tính lipase đạt 1,11 UI/mL với các điều kiện tối ưu độ ẩm 59,42%, thời gian 92,34 giờ, tỉ lệ bánh dầu và bã mía là 7,13/2,87 (w/w). Enzyme tiền xử lý lipid với các điều kiện nồng độ enzyme 0,2%, nhiệt độ 40oC và nồng độ chất béo là 1.000 mg/L. Nước thải được tiền xử lý giúp tăng hiệu quả đáng kể ở bước xử lý kỵ khí so với nước thải thô: khí biogas thu được 1.668,78 cm3 so với 991,06 cm3, hiệu quả loại bỏ COD là 90,9% so với 56,9%, độ màu là 93,4% so với 50,2%, loại bỏ lipid đạt trên 99% ở cả hai loại nước thải sau 5 ngày.

Developing students’ self-study capacity is an urgent task of high schools in the current educational renovation period in Vietnam. This article presents research findings on developing self-study capacity for students through building and organizing teaching activities of 11th-grade organic chemistry project topics according to the blended learning model. The pedagogical experiment was conducted at three high schools in the north, central, and south regions of Vietnam with 125 students. The data obtained from the teacher’s assessment and the students’ self-assessment showed obvious development of students’ self-study capacity in experimental classes.

Network coding (NC) features a new perspective for leveraging network performances as more efficient resources utilization could be achieved. In recent years, the application of NC to the realms of failure recovery in optical networks has been receiving growing attention and indeed, combining the near-instantaneous recovery of dedicated protection and improved capacity efficiency enabled by NC constitutes an important research trend in optical protection. In order to maximize the benefits empowered by NC, a critical problem on routing of traffic demands, selecting demands for encoding and determining the respective coding node and coding links has to be optimally addressed. The problem becomes even more challenging if multiple traffic demands are considered at once and the traffic is non-equal. In addressing those issues, for the first time, we present a novel unified framework for augmenting 1 + 1 dedicated protection against single link failures with a practical network coding scheme based on XOR operation for both equal and non-equal traffic scenarios. In line with this framework, a mathematical model in the form of integer linear programming for optimal routing and network coding assignment to minimize the path cost is presented. Numerical results based on evaluating the model on realistic topologies and all-to-one traffic setting highlight the cost advantages of our proposed NC-assisted protection scheme compared to traditional counterparts.

Dy and Ho iron garnets in form of nanoparticles were synthesized by citrate sol-gel method. Phase formation, lattice constant and average crystallite sizes of the samples were determined via XRD measurements. Morphology and particle size distribution were studied by TEM and chemical composition was checked by EDX. Magnetic measurements in temperature range 5–600 K and in the maximum applied field of 50 kOe were carried out by using SQUID and VSM. Their magnetic parameters, including Curie temperature, magnetization compensation temperature, spontaneous magnetization, high-field susceptibility, magnetic coercivity were discussed in the framework of three interacting magnetic sublattices, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, core-shell model and compared to those of the bulk materials. Based on these analyses further evaluation on the crystallinity and homogeneity of the samples has been made.