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51. Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers

Author

McLauchlan, K.K., Higuera, P.E., Miesel, J., Rogers, B.M., Schweitzer, J., Shuman, J.K., Tepley, A.J., Varner, J.M., Veblen, T.T., Adalsteinsson, S.A., Balch, J.K., Baker, P., Batllori, E., Bigio, E., Brando, P., Cattau, M., Chipman, M.L., Coen, J., Crandall, R., Daniels, L., Enright, N., Gross, W.S., Harvey, B.J., Hatten, J.A., Hermann, S., Hewitt, R.E., Kobziar, L.N., Landesmann, J.B., Loranty, M.M., Maezumi, S.Y., Mearns, L., Moritz, M., Myers, J.A., Pausas, J.G., Pellegrini, A.F.A., Platt, W.J., Roozeboom, J., Safford, H., Santos, F., Scheller, R.M., Sherriff, R.L., Smith, K.G., Smith, M.D., Watts, A.C., Durigan, G., McLauchlan, K.K., Higuera, P.E., Miesel, J., Rogers, B.M., Schweitzer, J., Shuman, J.K., Tepley, A.J., Varner, J.M., Veblen, T.T., Adalsteinsson, S.A., Balch, J.K., Baker, P., Batllori, E., Bigio, E., Brando, P., Cattau, M., Chipman, M.L., Coen, J., Crandall, R., Daniels, L., Enright, N., Gross, W.S., Harvey, B.J., Hatten, J.A., Hermann, S., Hewitt, R.E., Kobziar, L.N., Landesmann, J.B., Loranty, M.M., Maezumi, S.Y., Mearns, L., Moritz, M., Myers, J.A., Pausas, J.G., Pellegrini, A.F.A., Platt, W.J., Roozeboom, J., Safford, H., Santos, F., Scheller, R.M., Sherriff, R.L., Smith, K.G., Smith, M.D., Watts, A.C., and Durigan, G.

Abstract

Fire is a powerful ecological and evolutionary force that regulates organismal traits, population sizes, species interactions, community composition, carbon and nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. It also presents a rapidly growing societal challenge, due to both increasingly destructive wildfires and fire exclusion in fire‐dependent ecosystems. As an ecological process, fire integrates complex feedbacks among biological, social and geophysical processes, requiring coordination across several fields and scales of study. Here, we describe the diversity of ways in which fire operates as a fundamental ecological and evolutionary process on Earth. We explore research priorities in six categories of fire ecology: (a) characteristics of fire regimes, (b) changing fire regimes, (c) fire effects on above‐ground ecology, (d) fire effects on below‐ground ecology, (e) fire behaviour and (f) fire ecology modelling. We identify three emergent themes: the need to study fire across temporal scales, to assess the mechanisms underlying a variety of ecological feedbacks involving fire and to improve representation of fire in a range of modelling contexts. Synthesis : As fire regimes and our relationships with fire continue to change, prioritizing these research areas will facilitate understanding of the ecological causes and consequences of future fires and rethinking fire management alternatives.

Published
2020

52. Understanding, comparing and learning from the four EPOCH early childhood obesity prevention interventions: A multi-methods study

Author

Seidler, AL, Hunter, KE, Johnson, BJ, Ekambareshwar, M, Taki, S, Mauch, CE, Mihrshahi, S, Askie, L, Campbell, Karen, Daniels, L, Taylor, RW, Wen, LM, Byrne, R, Lawrence, J, Perlstein, Robyn, Wardle, K, Golley, RK, Seidler, AL, Hunter, KE, Johnson, BJ, Ekambareshwar, M, Taki, S, Mauch, CE, Mihrshahi, S, Askie, L, Campbell, Karen, Daniels, L, Taylor, RW, Wen, LM, Byrne, R, Lawrence, J, Perlstein, Robyn, Wardle, K, and Golley, RK

Published
2020

53. Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers

Author

Durigan, G, McLauchlan, KK, Higuera, PE, Miesel, J, Rogers, BM, Schweitzer, J, Shuman, JK, Tepley, AJ, Varner, JM, Veblen, TT, Adalsteinsson, SA, Balch, JK, Baker, P, Batllori, E, Bigio, E, Brando, P, Cattau, M, Chipman, ML, Coen, J, Crandall, R, Daniels, L, Enright, N, Gross, WS, Harvey, BJ, Hatten, JA, Hermann, S, Hewitt, RE, Kobziar, LN, Landesmann, JB, Loranty, MM, Maezumi, SY, Mearns, L, Moritz, M, Myers, JA, Pausas, JG, Pellegrini, AFA, Platt, WJ, Roozeboom, J, Safford, H, Santos, F, Scheller, RM, Sherriff, RL, Smith, KG, Smith, MD, Watts, AC, Durigan, G, McLauchlan, KK, Higuera, PE, Miesel, J, Rogers, BM, Schweitzer, J, Shuman, JK, Tepley, AJ, Varner, JM, Veblen, TT, Adalsteinsson, SA, Balch, JK, Baker, P, Batllori, E, Bigio, E, Brando, P, Cattau, M, Chipman, ML, Coen, J, Crandall, R, Daniels, L, Enright, N, Gross, WS, Harvey, BJ, Hatten, JA, Hermann, S, Hewitt, RE, Kobziar, LN, Landesmann, JB, Loranty, MM, Maezumi, SY, Mearns, L, Moritz, M, Myers, JA, Pausas, JG, Pellegrini, AFA, Platt, WJ, Roozeboom, J, Safford, H, Santos, F, Scheller, RM, Sherriff, RL, Smith, KG, Smith, MD, and Watts, AC

Abstract

Fire is a powerful ecological and evolutionary force that regulates organismal traits, population sizes, species interactions, community composition, carbon and nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. It also presents a rapidly growing societal challenge, due to both increasingly destructive wildfires and fire exclusion in fire‐dependent ecosystems. As an ecological process, fire integrates complex feedbacks among biological, social and geophysical processes, requiring coordination across several fields and scales of study. Here, we describe the diversity of ways in which fire operates as a fundamental ecological and evolutionary process on Earth. We explore research priorities in six categories of fire ecology: (a) characteristics of fire regimes, (b) changing fire regimes, (c) fire effects on above‐ground ecology, (d) fire effects on below‐ground ecology, (e) fire behaviour and (f) fire ecology modelling. We identify three emergent themes: the need to study fire across temporal scales, to assess the mechanisms underlying a variety of ecological feedbacks involving fire and to improve representation of fire in a range of modelling contexts. Synthesis: As fire regimes and our relationships with fire continue to change, prioritizing these research areas will facilitate understanding of the ecological causes and consequences of future fires and rethinking fire management alternatives.

Published
2020

73. Clocking Stars with Radio Telescopes: Timing Four Pulsars from the GBNCC Survey

Author

Aloisi, R., Cruz, A., Daniels, L., Meyers, N., Roekle, R., Schuett, A., Swiggum, J., Decesar, M. E., Kaplan, D., Lynch, R. S., Stovall, K., Levin, L. S., Archibald, A., Banaszak, S., Chawla, P., Cui, B., Fonseca, E., Kaspi, V., Kondratiev, V., Mclaughlin, M., Al Noori, H., Ransom, S. M., Spiewak, R., Stairs, I., Leeuwen, J., Boyles, J., Hessels, J., Mallory Roberts, Karako-Argaman, C., Siemens, X., and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the timing solutions for four pulsars discovered in the Green Bank Northern Celestial Cap (GBNCC) survey. Timing observations were processed and timing solutions were obtained by undergraduate students participating in course-based research at the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee. Both discovery and timing observations were conducted at a center frequency of 350 MHz using the 100-m Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. All four pulsars are isolated with spin periods between 0.26 s and 1.84 s. PSR J0038-2501 has a 0.26 s period and a period derivative of 7.6 × 10-19 s s-1, which is unusually low for isolated, longer period pulsars. This low period derivative may be simply an extreme value for an isolated pulsar or it could indicate an unusual evolution path for PSR J0038-2501, such as a disrupted recycled pulsar (DRP) from a binary system or an orphaned central compact object (CCO). Correcting the observed spin-down rate for the Shklovkii effect suggests that this pulsar may have an unusually low space velocity, which is consistent with expectations for DRPs since they come from disrupted binaries. There is no X-ray emission detected from PSR J0038-2501 in an archival Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory observation, which suggests that it is not a young orphaned CCO. A second pulsar, PSR J1949+3426 has a high dispersion measure suggesting that it is one of the most distant pulsars discovered in the GBNCC survey at an estimated distance of 12.3 kpc. Among the pulsars discovered in the GBNCC survey that makes it one of the brightest pulsars discovered in the GBNCC survey with a pseudo-luminosity of 570 mJy kpc2.

Published
2019

74. Rapid dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform by extracellular agents in cultures of Methanosarcina thermophila

Author

Daniels, L., Novak, P.J., and Parkin, G.F.

Subjects
Bacteria, Thermophilic -- Environmental aspects, Biodegradation -- Research, Carbon tetrachloride -- Environmental aspects, Water pollution -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

The efficacy of Methanosarcina thermophila extracellular agents in carbon tetrachloride (CT) and chloroform (CF) is found to be enhanced by the iron. Supernatants grown in iron rich mediums are found to facilitate rapid CT and CF transformation whereas supernatants grown in mediums with no iron were only able to catalyze CT transformations. CF and CT transformation rates are also found to be unaffected by filtering and autoclaving.

Published
1998

75. Enhanced dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform in the presence of elemental iron and Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanosarcina thermophila, or Methanosaeta concillii

Author

Novak, P.J., Daniels, L., and Parkin, G.F.

Subjects
Methanobacteriaceae -- Environmental aspects, Chlorine compounds -- Environmental aspects, Halocarbons -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

The ability of methanogens, such as Methanosarcina barkeri, M. thermophila and Methanosaeta concillii, in dechlorinating carbon tetrachloride and chloroform in an iron-rich medium was shown to be dependent on the availability of elemental hydrogen. Elemental hydrogen acted as an electron donor in the dechlorination process, which is effected in the excreted biomolecule specifically produced to exploit this process to support microbial metabolism.

Published
1998

76. Use of Virtual Worlds to Teach the Sciences

Author

Slator, B. M., primary, Clark, J. T., additional, Daniels, L. M., additional, Hill, C., additional, McClean, P., additional, Saini-Eidukat, B., additional, Schwert, D. P., additional, and White, A. R., additional

Published
2002
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88. Use of process evaluation to guide health education in Forsyth County's project to prevent cervical cancer

Author

Dignan, Mark B., Michielutte, Robert, Sharp, Penny C., Young, Larry D., and Daniels, L. Ann

Subjects
Health education -- North Carolina, Cervical cancer -- Prevention, Medicine, Preventive -- Services, Women, Black -- Diseases, Forsyth County, North Carolina -- Social policy
Abstract

Use of Process Evaluation to Guide Health Education in Forsyth County's Project to Prevent Cervical Cancer THE FORSYTH COUNTY Cervical Cancer Prevention Project (FCP) is a community-based public health education […]

Published
1991

90. Colorectal Adenomas and Cancers After Childhood Cancer Treatment : A DCOG-LATER Record Linkage Study

Author

Teepen, J C, Kok, Judith L, van Leeuwen, Flora E, Tissing, Wim J E, Dolsma, Wil V, van der Pal, Helena J, Loonen, Jacqueline J, Bresters, Dorine, Versluys, A B, van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Marry M, van Dulmen-den Broeder, Eline, van den Berg, Marleen H, van der Heiden-van der Loo, Margriet, Hauptmann, Michael, Jongmans, M C, Overbeek, L I, van de Vijver, M J, Kremer, L C M, Ronckers, C M, Aleman, B M P, van den Berg, M H, Caron, H N, Daniels, L A, Dolsma, W, van Dulmen-den Broeder, E, Grootenhuis, M A, Haasbeek, C J, den Hartogh, J G, Hauptmann, M, van der Heiden-van der Loo, M, Hollema, N, Janssens, G O, Jaspers, M W M, Kok, J L, van Leeuwen, F E, Loonen, J, Maduro, J H, Neggers, S J C M M, Oldenburger, F, van der Pal, H J, Postma, A, Tersteeg, R J, Zsíros, J, and DCOG-LATER Study Group

Abstract

Background: Although colorectal adenomas serve as prime target for colorectal cancer (CRC) surveillance in other high-risk groups, data on adenoma risk after childhood cancer are lacking. We evaluated the risk of histologically confirmed colorectal adenomas among childhood cancer survivors. A secondary aim was to assess CRC risk. Methods: The DCOG-LATER cohort study includes five-year Dutch childhood cancer survivors and a sibling comparison group (n = 883). Colorectal tumors were identified from the population-based Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA). We calculated cumulative incidences of adenomas/CRCs for survivors and siblings. For adenomas, multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate potential risk factors. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Among 5843 five-year survivors (median follow-up = 24.9 years), 78 individuals developed an adenoma. Cumulative incidence by age 45 years was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2% to 5.6%) after abdominopelvic radiotherapy (AP-RT; 49 cases) vs 2.0% (95% CI = 1.3% to 2.8%) among survivors without AP-RT (28 cases; Pdifference = .07) and vs 1.0% (95% CI = 0.3% to 2.6%) among siblings (6 cases) (Pdifference = .03). Factors associated with adenoma risk were AP-RT (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.24 to 3.60), total body irradiation (TBI; HR = 10.55, 95% CI = 5.20 to 21.42), cisplatin (HR = 2.13; 95% CI = 0.74 to 6.07 for

Published
2018

91. Moral Education in the Context of Lifelong Education

Author

Daniels, L. B.

Abstract

This paper presents an argument for moral education as a crucial component of lifelong education . Lifelong education is by definition comprehensive normative education committed to the "grand ideal" of universal human betterment . Moral education is most likely to be effective when viewed as lifelong education because it requires three attributes of lifelong education for its success: a long-term effort, an educational setting, and a commitment to the advancement of universal goals. Society should seek to educate a core of moral teachers sufficient to generate a "critical mass" capable of ensuring that lifelong moral education will become self-sustaining. The approach to moral education developed by the Association for Values Education and Research (AVER) is outlined and it is suggested that this programme (or something like it) should be central to all programmes of lifelong education., Journal of Educational Thought / Revue de la Pensée Educative, Vol 15 No 1 (1981)

Published
2018
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93. Propensity score-matched analysis of oncological outcome between stent as bridge to surgery and emergency resection in patients with malignant left-sided colonic obstruction

Author

Amelung, F J, primary, Borstlap, W A A, additional, Consten, E C J, additional, Veld, J V, additional, van Halsema, E E, additional, Bemelman, W A, additional, Siersema, P D, additional, ter Borg, F, additional, van Hooft, J E, additional, Tanis, P J, additional, Algera, H, additional, Algie, G D, additional, Andeweg, C S, additional, Argillander, T, additional, Arron, M N N J, additional, Arts, K, additional, Aufenacker, T H J, additional, Bakker, I S, additional, Basten Batenburg, M, additional, Bastiaansen, A J N M, additional, Beets, G L, additional, Berg, A, additional, Beukel, B, additional, Blom, R L G M, additional, Blomberg, B, additional, Boerma, E G, additional, Boer, F C, additional, Bouvy, N D, additional, Bouwman, J E, additional, Boye, N D A, additional, Brandt, A R M, additional, Brandsma, H T, additional, Breijer, A, additional, Broek, W, additional, Bröker, M E E, additional, Burbach, J P M, additional, Bruns, E R J, additional, Burghgraef, T A, additional, Crolla, R M P H, additional, Dam, M, additional, Daniels, L, additional, Dekker, J W T, additional, Demirkiran, A, additional, Dongen, K, additional, Durmaz, S F, additional, Esch, A, additional, Essen, J A, additional, Foppen, J W, additional, Furnee, E J B, additional, Geloven, A A W, additional, Gerhards, M F, additional, Gorter, E A, additional, Grevenstein, W M U, additional, Groningen, J, additional, Groot, I, additional, Haak, H, additional, Haas, J W A, additional, Hagen, P, additional, Hamminga, J T H, additional, Havenga, K, additional, Hengel, B, additional, Harst, E, additional, Heemskerk, J, additional, Heeren, J, additional, Heijnen, B H M, additional, Heijnen, L, additional, Heikens, J T, additional, Heinsbergen, M, additional, Hess, D A, additional, Heuchemer, N, additional, Hoff, C, additional, Hogendoorn, W, additional, Houdijk, A P J, additional, Hugen, N, additional, Inberg, B, additional, Janssen, T, additional, Pierre, D Jean, additional, Jong, W J, additional, Jongen, A C H M, additional, Kamman, A V, additional, Klaase, J M, additional, Kelder, W, additional, Kelling, E F, additional, Klicks, R, additional, De Klein, G W, additional, Kloppenberg, F W H, additional, Konsten, J L M, additional, Koolen, L J E R, additional, Kornmann, V, additional, Kortekaas, R T J, additional, Kreiter, A, additional, Lamme, B, additional, Lange, J F, additional, Lettinga, T, additional, Lips, D, additional, Lo, G, additional, Logeman, F, additional, Loon, Y T, additional, Holzik, M F Lutke, additional, Marres, C C M, additional, Masselink, I, additional, Mearadji, A, additional, Meisen, G, additional, Menon, A G, additional, Merkus, J, additional, Mey, D, additional, Mijle, H C J, additional, Moes, D E, additional, Molenaar, C, additional, Nieboer, M J, additional, Nielsen, K, additional, Nieuwenhuijzen, G A P, additional, Neijenhuis, P A, additional, Oomen, P, additional, Oorschot, N, additional, Parry, K, additional, Peeters, K C M J, additional, Paulides, T, additional, Paulusma, I, additional, Poelmann, F B, additional, Polle, S W, additional, Poortman, P, additional, Raber, M, additional, Renger, R J, additional, Reiber, B M M, additional, Roukema, R, additional, Ruijter, W M J, additional, Russchen, M J A M, additional, Rutten, H J T, additional, Scheerhoorn, J, additional, Scheurs, S, additional, Schippers, H, additional, Schuermans, V N E, additional, Schuijt, H J, additional, Sierink, J C, additional, Sietses, C, additional, Silvis, R, additional, Slegt, J, additional, Slooter, G, additional, Sluis, M, additional, Sluis, P, additional, Smakman, N, additional, Smit, D, additional, Sprundel, T C, additional, Sonneveld, D J A, additional, Steur, C, additional, Straatman, J, additional, Struijs, M C, additional, Swank, H A, additional, Talsma, A K, additional, Tenhagen, M, additional, Tol, J A M G, additional, Tolenaar, J L, additional, Tseng, L, additional, Tuynman, J B, additional, Veen, M J F, additional, Veltkamp, S, additional, Ven, A W H, additional, Verkoele, L, additional, Vermaas, M, additional, Versteegh, H P, additional, Versluijs, L, additional, Visser, T, additional, Uden, D, additional, Vles, W J, additional, Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, R, additional, Vries, H S, additional, Vugt, S T, additional, Vugts, G, additional, Wegdam, J A, additional, Weijs, T, additional, Wely, B J, additional, Werker, C, additional, Westerterp, M, additional, Westreenen, H L, additional, Wiering, B, additional, Wijffels, N A T, additional, Wijkman, A A, additional, Wijngaarden, L H, additional, Wilt, J H W, additional, Wilt, M, additional, Wisselink, D D, additional, Wit, F, additional, Zaag, E S, additional, Zimmerman, D, additional, and Zwols, T, additional

Published
2019
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95. The Green Bank North Celestial Cap Pulsar Survey. IV. Four New Timing Solutions

Author

Aloisi, R. J., primary, Cruz, A., additional, Daniels, L., additional, Meyers, N., additional, Roekle, R., additional, Schuett, A., additional, Swiggum, J. K., additional, DeCesar, M. E., additional, Kaplan, D. L., additional, Lynch, R. S., additional, Stovall, K., additional, Levin, Lina, additional, Archibald, A. M., additional, Banaszak, S., additional, Biwer, C. M., additional, Boyles, J., additional, Chawla, P., additional, Dartez, L. P., additional, Cui, B., additional, Day, D. F., additional, Ford, A. J., additional, Flanigan, J., additional, Fonseca, E., additional, Hessels, J. W. T., additional, Hinojosa, J., additional, Karako-Argaman, C., additional, Kaspi, V. M., additional, Kondratiev, V. I., additional, Leake, S., additional, Lunsford, G., additional, Martinez, J. G., additional, Mata, A., additional, McLaughlin, M. A., additional, Noori, H. Al, additional, Ransom, S. M., additional, Roberts, M. S. E., additional, Rohr, M. D., additional, Siemens, X., additional, Spiewak, R., additional, Stairs, I. H., additional, van Leeuwen, J., additional, Walker, A. N., additional, and Wells, B. L., additional

Published
2019
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98. Assessing the utilisation of a child health monitoring tool

Author

Blaauw, R, Daniels, L, du Plessis, L.M., Koen, N, Koornhof, H.E., Marais, M.L., van Niekerk, E, and Visser, J

Subjects
education
Abstract

BACKGROUND. The Road-to-Health booklet (RtHB), a standardised national tool for growth monitoring and the assessment of health among children from birth to five years of age, was introduced in South Africa in February 2011. OBJECTIVES. The study assessed the implementation of growth monitoring and promotion, immunisation, vitamin A supplementation, and deworming sections of the RtHB. Caregivers' (CGs) and healthcare workers' (HCWs') knowledge, attitudes and practices were investigated as well as HCWs' perceptions of barriers undermining implementation. METHODS. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a proportional sample of randomly selected primary healthcare facilities across six health districts (35%; n=143) in the Western Cape Province. HCWs involved in the implementation of the RtHB booklet, children (aged 0 - 36 months) and CGs were included. Information was obtained through scrutiny of the RtHB, observation of consultations and structured questionnaires. RESULTS. A total of 2 442 children, 2 481 CGs and 270 HCWs were recruited. Weight measurements (94.7%, n=2 251/2 378) were performed routinely. Less than half (40.2%; n=997/2 481) of CGs reported that their child's growth had been explained to them. Sixty-eight percent of HCWs (n=178/260) correctly identified criteria for underweight classification, whereas only 55% (n=134/245) and 39% (n=95/245) could do so for stunting and wasting, respectively. The RtHB sections were completed adequately for immunisation (89.3%; n=2 171/2 431) and vitamin A supplementation (94.6%; n=1 305/1 379) but not for deworming (48.8%; n=176/361). Most HCWs (93%; n=209/223) knew the correct regimens for vitamin A supplementation, but few CGs knew when treatment was due for vitamin A supplementation (16.4%, n=409/1 646) and deworming (26.2%; n=650/2 481). Potential barriers identified related to inadequate training, staff shortages and limited time. CONCLUSION. Focused efforts and resources should be channelled towards HCWs' training and monitoring regarding growth monitoring and promotion to optimise utilisation of the RtHB. Mobilisation of community health workers is needed to strengthen community awareness of preventive health interventions.

Published
2017

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