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To satisfy the intra- and inter-system bandwidth requirements of future data centers and high-performance computers, low-cost low-power high-throughput optical interconnects will become a key enabling technology. To tightly integrate optics with the computing hardware, particularly in the context of CMOS-compatible silicon photonics, optical printed circuit boards using polymer waveguides are considered as a formidable platform. IBM Research has already demonstrated the essential silicon photonics and interconnection building blocks. A remaining challenge is electro-optical packaging, i.e., the connection of the silicon photonics chips with the system. In this paper, we present a new single-mode polymer waveguide technology and a scalable method for building the optical interface between silicon photonics chips and single-mode polymer waveguides.

A group of twelve adolescents exhibiting aggressive behavior in a residential treatment center received six weeks of anger control training consisting of thought stopping, relaxation training, and rehearsal of problem-solving, self-talk patterns. The subjects were divided into two groups, and a multiple baseline design was employed. Houseparents kept daily observational records of subjects' verbal and physical aggression. Both observational data and teacher ratings indicated that nine of the subjects reduced their rates of aggression. Two did not behave aggressively during the study period. One briefly deteriorated following a major disappointment, after which his aggression rate also declined.

The principles and procedures of active specific immunotherapy developed from studies with the inbred guinea pig hepatocarcinoma model were used as the basis of a randomized, controlled prospective trial of active specific immunotherapy of colorectal cancer patients. The goal was to determine whether colorectal cancer patients treated with vaccines made of autologous tumor cells plus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin as adjuvant would have an increased reaction to their autologous tumor cells as measured by delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) responses. Our results demonstrate that the active specific immunotherapy significantly increased the DCH responses to autologous tumor cells in 16 of 24 patients (67%). The DCH response of immunized patients to autologous normal mucosa, used as a normal tissue control, did not increase significantly. Furthermore, no significant DCH responses against autologous tumor or mucosa cells were detected in a group of nonimmunized control patients. The induced DCH responses were not correlated with other factors, such as the presence of bacteria in the cell preparation or the protein concentration of the cell preparations. The qualitative and quantitative differences in DCH responses to tumor cells and to normal mucosa cells suggest that the immunizations are targeted mainly to tumor-associated antigens with tissue-associated antigens playing a secondary role.