Search

Your search keyword '"Damiano, F"' showing total 467 results
Start Over Author "Damiano, F"
467 results on '"Damiano, F"'

51. High-Energy and Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Astrophysics

Author

Damiano F. G. Fiorillo

Subjects
neutrino astrophysics, high-energy neutrinos, cosmic accelerators, multi-messenger astronomy, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract

The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, and their behavior in astrophysical sources, remains an open question. Recently, new ways to address this question have been made possible by the observation of a new astrophysical messenger, namely neutrinos. The IceCube telescope has detected a diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos in the TeV-PeV energy range, likely produced in astrophysical sources accelerating cosmic rays, and more recently it has reported on a few candidate individual neutrino sources. Future experiments will be able to improve on these measurements quantitatively, by the detection of more events, and qualitatively, by extending the measurement into the EeV energy range. In this paper, we review the main features of the neutrino emission and sources observed by IceCube, as well as the main candidate sources that could contribute to the diffuse neutrino flux. As a parallel question, we review the status of high-energy neutrinos as a probe of Beyond the Standard Model physics coupling to the neutrino sector.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

52. Decaying dark matter at IceCube and its signature on High Energy gamma experiments

Author

Chianese, Marco, Fiorillo, Damiano F. G., Miele, Gennaro, Morisi, Stefano, and Pisanti, Ofelia

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The origin of neutrino flux observed in IceCube is still mainly unknown. Typically two flux components are assumed, namely: atmospheric neutrinos and an unknown astrophysical term. In principle the latter could also contain a top-down contribution coming for example from decaying dark matter. In this case one should also expect prompt and secondary gammas as well. This leads to the possibility of a multimessenger analysis based on the simultaneous comparison of the Dark Matter hypothesis both with neutrino and high energy gamma rays data. In this paper, we analyze, for different decaying Dark Matter channels, the 7.5 years IceCube HESE data, and compare the results with previous exclusion limits coming from Fermi data. Finally, we test whether the Dark Matter hypothesis could be further scrutinised by using forthcoming high energy gamma rays experiments., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

53. Investigating two heavy neutral leptons neutrino seesaw mechanism at SHiP

Author

Chianese, Marco, Fiorillo, Damiano F. G., Miele, Gennaro, and Morisi, Stefano

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

One of the main purposes of SHiP experiment is to shed light on neutrino mass generation mechanisms like the so-called seesaw. We consider a minimal type-I seesaw neutrino mass mechanism model with two heavy neutral leptons (right-handed or sterile neutrinos) with arbitrary masses. Extremely high active-sterile mixing angle requires a correlation between the phases of the Dirac neutrino couplings. Actual experimental limits on the half-life of neutrinoless double beta decay $0\nu\beta\beta$-rate on the active-sterile mixing angle are not significative for SHiP., Comment: 8 pages, 3 tables, 2 figures

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

54. Constraining axion-like particles with the diffuse gamma-ray flux measured by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory

Author

Leonardo Mastrototaro, Pierluca Carenza, Marco Chianese, Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Gennaro Miele, Alessandro Mirizzi, and Daniele Montanino

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The detection of very high-energy neutrinos by IceCube experiment supports the existence of a comparable gamma-ray counterpart from the same cosmic accelerators. Under the likely assumption that the sources of these particles are of extragalactic origin, the emitted photon flux would be significantly absorbed during its propagation over cosmic distances. However, in the presence of photon mixing with ultra-light axion-like-particles (ALPs), this expectation would be strongly modified. Notably, photon-ALP conversions in the host galaxy would produce an ALP flux which propagates unimpeded in the extragalactic space. Then, the back-conversion of ALPs in the Galactic magnetic field leads to a diffuse high-energy photon flux. In this context, the recent detection of the diffuse high-energy photon flux by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) allows us to exclude at the $$95\%$$ 95 % CL an ALP-photon coupling $$g_{a\gamma } > rsim 3.9$$ g a γ ≳ 3.9 – $$7.8 \times 10^{-11}~\mathrm {GeV^{-1}}$$ 7.8 × 10 - 11 GeV - 1 for $$m_{a}\lesssim 4\times 10^{-7}~\textrm{eV}$$ m a ≲ 4 × 10 - 7 eV , depending on the assumptions on the magnetic fields and on the original gamma-ray spectrum. This new bound is complementary with other ALP constraints from very-high-energy gamma-ray experiments and sensitivities of future experiments.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

55. A Magnetized Strongly Turbulent Corona as the Source of Neutrinos from NGC 1068

Author

Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Luca Comisso, Enrico Peretti, Maria Petropoulou, and Lorenzo Sironi

Subjects
High energy astrophysics, Active galactic nuclei, Neutrino astronomy, Non-thermal radiation sources, Plasma astrophysics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

The cores of active galactic nuclei are potential accelerators of 10–100 TeV cosmic rays, in turn producing high-energy neutrinos. This picture was confirmed by the compelling evidence of a TeV neutrino signal from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068, leaving open the question of what is the site and mechanism of cosmic-ray acceleration. One candidate is the magnetized turbulence surrounding the central supermassive black hole. Recent particle-in-cell simulations of magnetized turbulence indicate that stochastic cosmic-ray acceleration is nonresonant, in contrast to the assumptions of previous studies. We show that this has important consequences on a self-consistent theory of neutrino production in the corona, leading to a more rapid cosmic-ray acceleration than previously considered. The turbulent magnetic-field fluctuations needed to explain the neutrino signal are consistent with a magnetically powered corona. We find that strong turbulence, with turbulent magnetic energy density higher than 1% of the rest-mass energy density, naturally explains the normalization of the IceCube neutrino flux, in addition to the neutrino spectral shape. Only a fraction of the protons in the corona, which can be directly inferred from the neutrino signal, are accelerated to high energies. Thus, in this framework, the neutrino signal from NGC 1068 provides a testbed for particle acceleration in magnetized turbulence.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

56. Neutrino phenomenology from leptogenesis

Author

Buccella, Franco, Fiorillo, Damiano F. G., Miele, Gennaro, Morisi, Stefano, Pisanti, Ofelia, and Santorelli, Pietro

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Assuming a type-I seesaw mechanism for neutrino mass generation and invoking a baryogengesis via leptogenesis scenario, we consider a reasonable hierarchical structure for Dirac neutrino mass matrix, similar to up-type quark mass matrix. These hypotheses imply a relevant connection between high scale CP violation and low energy one. By requiring a compact heavy neutrino mass spectrum, which allows to circumvent Davidson-Ibarra limit, one can obtain an efficient leptogenesis restricting the allowed region for low energy neutrino parameters. Once the oscillating parameters are taken inside a $3\sigma$ range, through the numerical resolution of the leptogenesis Boltzmann equations one gets the following allowed intervals for the lightest neutrino mass and the Dirac CP phase: $-0.90\pi<\delta<-0.75\pi$ and $m_1\sim( 0.002 - 0.004)$ eV., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

57. Point sources of ultra-high-energy neutrinos: Minimalist predictions for near-future discovery

Author

Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Mauricio Bustamante, Victor B. Valera

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The discovery of ultra-high-energy neutrinos, with energies above 100 PeV, may soon be within reach of upcoming neutrino telescopes. We present a robust framework to compute the statistical significance of point-source discovery via the detection of neutrino multiplets. We apply it to the radio array component of IceCube-Gen2. To identify a source with $3\sigma$ significance, IceCube-Gen2 will need to detect a triplet, at best, and an octuplet, at worst, depending on whether the source is steady-state or transient, and on its position in the sky. The discovery, or absence, of sources significantly constrains the properties of the source population.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

69. Neutrino phenomenology from leptogenesis

Author

Franco Buccella, Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Gennaro Miele, Stefano Morisi, Ofelia Pisanti, and Pietro Santorelli

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Assuming a type-I seesaw mechanism for neutrino mass generation and invoking a baryogenesis via leptogenesis scenario, we consider a reasonable hierarchical structure for Dirac neutrino mass matrix, similar to up-type quark mass matrix. These hypotheses imply a relevant connection between high scale CP violation and low energy one. By requiring a compact heavy neutrino mass spectrum, which allows to circumvent Davidson–Ibarra limit, one can obtain an efficient leptogenesis restricting the allowed region for low energy neutrino parameters. Once the oscillating parameters are taken inside a $$3\sigma $$ 3σ range, through the numerical resolution of the leptogenesis Boltzmann equations one gets the following allowed intervals for the lightest neutrino mass and the Dirac CP phase: $$-0.90\pi

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

75. Near-future discovery of point sources of ultra-high-energy neutrinos

Author

Fiorillo, Damiano F. G., Bustamante, Mauricio, Valera, Victor B., Fiorillo, Damiano F. G., Bustamante, Mauricio, and Valera, Victor B.

Abstract

Upcoming neutrino telescopes may discover ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos, with energies beyond 100 PeV, in the next 10-20 years. Finding their sources would identify guaranteed sites of interaction of UHE cosmic rays, whose origin is unknown. We search for sources by looking for multiplets of UHE neutrinos arriving from similar directions. Our forecasts are state-of-the-art, geared at neutrino radio-detection in IceCube-Gen2. They account for detector energy and angular response, and for critical, but uncertain backgrounds. Sources at declination of -45 degrees to 0 degrees will be easiest to discover. Discovering even one steady-state source in 10 years would imply that the source has an UHE neutrino luminosity at least larger than about 1043 erg/s (depending on the source redshift evolution). Discovering no transient source would disfavor transient sources brighter than 1053 erg as dominant. Our results aim to inform the design of upcoming detectors.

Published
2023

78. Bump hunting in the diffuse flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos

Author

Damiano F. G. Fiorillo and Mauricio Bustamante

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The origin of the bulk of the high-energy astrophysical neutrinos seen by IceCube, with TeV--PeV energies, is unknown. If they are made in photohadronic, i.e., proton-photon, interactions in astrophysical sources, this may manifest as a bump-like feature in their diffuse flux, centered around a characteristic energy. We search for evidence of this feature, allowing for variety in its shape and size, in 7.5 years of High-Energy Starting Events (HESE) collected by the IceCube neutrino telescope, and make forecasts using larger data samples from upcoming neutrino telescopes. Present-day data reveals no evidence of bump-like features, which allows us to constrain candidate populations of photohadronic neutrino sources. Near-future forecasts show promising potential for stringent constraints or decisive discovery of bump-like features. Our results provide new insight into the origins of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, complementing those from point-source searches., 29 pages, 13 figures

Published
2023

80. Slow and fast collective neutrino oscillations:Invariants and reciprocity

Author

Damiano F. G. Fiorillo and Georg Raffelt

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The flavor evolution of a neutrino gas can show ''slow'' or ''fast'' collective motion. In terms of the usual Bloch vectors to describe the mean-field density matrices of a homogeneous neutrino gas, the slow two-flavor equations of motion (EOMs) are $\dot{\mathbf{P}}_\omega=(\omega\mathbf{B}+\mu\mathbf{P})\times\mathbf{P}_\omega$, where $\omega=\Delta m^2/2E$, $\mu=\sqrt{2} G_{\mathrm{F}} (n_\nu+n_{\bar\nu})$, $\mathbf{B}$ is a unit vector in the mass direction in flavor space, and $\mathbf{P}=\int d\omega\,\mathbf{P}_\omega$. For an axisymmetric angle distribution, the fast EOMs are $\dot{\mathbf{D}}_v=\mu(\mathbf{D}_0-v\mathbf{D}_1)\times\mathbf{D}_v$, where $\mathbf{D}_v$ is the Bloch vector for lepton number, $v=\cos\theta$ is the velocity along the symmetry axis, $\mathbf{D}_0=\int dv\,\mathbf{D}_v$, and $\mathbf{D}_1=\int dv\,v\mathbf{D}_v$. We discuss similarities and differences between these generic cases. Both systems can have pendulum-like instabilities (soliton solutions), both have similar Gaudin invariants, and both are integrable in the classical and quantum case. Describing fast oscillations in a frame comoving with $\mathbf{D}_1$ (which itself may execute pendulum-like motions) leads to transformed EOMs that are equivalent to an abstract slow system. These conclusions carry over to three flavors., Comment: 16 pages; typo below Eq. (5) and in Eq. (47) corrected

Published
2023

81. Axion-sourced fireballs from supernovae

Author

Melissa Diamond, Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Gustavo Marques-Tavares, and Edoardo Vitagliano

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

New feebly interacting particles would emerge from a supernova core with 100-MeV-range energies and produce $\gamma$-rays by subsequent decays. These would contribute to the diffuse cosmic $\gamma$-ray background or would have shown up in the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite from SN~1987A. However, we show for the example of axion-like particles (ALPs) that, even at distances beyond the progenitor star, the decay photons may not escape, and can instead form a fireball, a plasma shell with $T\lesssim 1$ MeV. Thus, existing arguments do not exclude ALPs with few 10 MeV masses and a two-photon coupling of a few $10^{-10}~{\rm GeV}^{-1}$. However, the energy would have showed up in sub-MeV photons, which were not seen from SN 1987A in the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO), closing again this new window. A careful re-assessment is required for other particles that were constrained in similar ways., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Corrected spectrum for the photons, according to Erratum submitted to Phys. Rev. D. Conclusions are unchanged

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

83. Axions from neutron star mergers

Author

Damiano F. G. Fiorillo and Fabio Iocco

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, SN-1987A, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, NUCLEON-NUCLEON, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, EMISSION, SN 1987A
Abstract

Axion-like particles (ALP) can in principle be produced in very hot and dense astrophysical environments, escape from the extreme object where such conditions are met, and then be converted in gamma--rays in the magnetic fields intervening between the event and the Earth. This process potentially offers a new window on both the physics of the axions, and the inner working of the astrophysical objects where they are produced. Interestingly, while this process has been studied for core--collapse supernovae and other extreme astrophysical events, no estimate exists for Neutron Star Mergers, objects recently identified through the detection of gravitational waves. In this work we study the production of ALPs in neutron star mergers, finding that for a large region of the ALP parameter space its magnitude at the source is such to produce a sizable gamma-ray signal at Earth. We show detection forecasts for such events placed in nearby galaxies, finding that they are potentially observable with the Fermi--LAT, thus opening a new window into both the astrophysics of these cataclysmic events, and of new particles beyond the standard model., 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2022

86. Hypokalemia in Patients with COVID-19

Author

Alfano, G., Ferrari, A., Fontana, F., Perrone, R., Mori, G., Ascione, E., Magistroni, R., Venturi, G., Pederzoli, S., Margiotta, G., Romeo, M., Piccinini, F., Franceschi, G., Volpi, S., Faltoni, M., Ciusa, G., Bacca, E., Tutone, M., Raimondi, A., Menozzi, M., Franceschini, E., Cuomo, G., Orlando, G., Santoro, A., Di Gaetano, M., Puzzolante, C., Carli, F., Bedini, A., Milic, J., Meschiari, M., Mussini, C., Cappelli, G., Guaraldi, G., Borghi, V., Burastero, G., Corradi, L., Dolci, G., Fantini, R., Iadisernia, V., Larne, D., Pellegrino, F., Rogati, C., Tonelli, R., Yaacoub, D., Alfan, S., Marco, B., Pulizzi, R., Leonelli, M., Facchini, F., Damiano, F., Girardis, M., Andreotti, A., Biagioni, E., Bondi, F., Busani, S., Chierego, G., Scotti, M., Cossarizza, L. S. A., Bellinazzi, C., Borella, R., De Biasi, S., De Gaetano, A., Fidanza, L., Gibellini, L., Iannone, A., Tartaro, D. L., Mattioli, M., Nasi, M., Paolini, A., and Pinti, M.

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Urine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Electrolytes, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 80 and over, Prevalence, Medicine, Magnesium, Hospital Mortality, Diuretics, COVID, Aged, 80 and over, Urinary potassium loss, Middle Aged, Hypokalemia, Nephrology, Cohort, Original Article, Female, SOFA score, medicine.symptom, Coronavirus, Potassium, Aged, COVID-19, Humans, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Electrolyte Disorder, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Anorexia, 03 medical and health sciences, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Hyperventilation, In patient, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Diuretic, business
Abstract

Patients with COVID-19 may experience multiple conditions (e.g., fever, hyperventilation, anorexia, gastroenteritis, acid-base disorder) that may cause electrolyte imbalances. Hypokalemia is a concerning electrolyte disorder that may increase the susceptibility to various kinds of arrhythmia. This study aimed to estimate prevalence, risk factors and outcome of hypokalemia in a cohort of non-critically ill patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 290 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection at the tertiary teaching hospital of Modena, Italy.Hypokalemia (Hypokalemia is a frequent disorder in COVID-19 patients and urinary potassium loss may be the main cause of hypokalemia. The disorder was mild in the majority of the patients and was unrelated to poor outcomes. Nevertheless, hypokalemic patients required potassium supplements to dampen the risk of arrhythmias.

Published
2021

87. Near-future discovery of point sources of ultra-high-energy neutrinos

Author

Mauricio Bustamante, Victor Branco Valera Baca, and Damiano F. G. Fiorillo

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), ultra high energy photons and neutrinos, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ultra high energy cosmic rays, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, neutrino astronomy, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, neutrino detectors
Abstract

Upcoming neutrino telescopes may discover ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos, with energies beyond 100 PeV, in the next 10-20 years. Finding their sources would identify guaranteed sites of interaction of UHE cosmic rays, whose origin is unknown. We search for sources by looking for multiplets of UHE neutrinos arriving from similar directions. Our forecasts are state-of-the-art, geared at neutrino radio-detection in IceCube-Gen2. They account for detector energy and angular response, and for critical, but uncertain backgrounds. Sources at declination of $-45^\circ$ to $0^\circ$ will be easiest to discover. Discovering even one steady-state source in 10 years would imply that the source has an UHE neutrino luminosity at least larger than about $10^{43}$ erg/s (depending on the source redshift evolution). Discovering no transient source would disfavor transient sources brighter than $10^{53}$ erg as dominant. Our results aim to inform the design of upcoming detectors., 12 pages, 3 figures, plus references and technical appendices

Published
2022

88. Electron scattering of light new particles from evaporating primordial black holes

Author

Roberta Calabrese, Marco Chianese, Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, and Ninetta Saviano

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

Primordial black holes are a possible component of dark matter, and a most promising way of investigating them is through the product of their Hawking evaporation. As a result of this process, any species lighter than the Hawking temperature is emitted, including possible new particles beyond the Standard Model. These can then be detected in lab-based experiments via their interaction with the Standard Model particles. In a previous work, we have first proposed and studied this scenario in the presence of an interaction between the light new species and nucleons. Here we extend this discussion to include the case of interaction with electrons. We show that the simultaneous presence of primordial black holes and species lighter than about $100$ MeV can be constrained by the measurements of direct detection experiments, such as XENON1T, and water Cherenkov neutrino detectors, such as Super-Kamiokande. Our results provide a complementary and alternative way of investigation with respect to cosmological and collider searches., 11 pages, 3 figures v2: version published in Physical Review D text typo corrects

Published
2022

89. Fatigue in Covid-19 survivors: The potential impact of a nutritional supplement on muscle strength and function

Author

Galluzzo, Vincenzo, Zazzara, Maria Beatrice, Ciciarello, Francesca, Savera, Giulia, Pais, C., Calvani, Riccardo, Picca, A., Marzetti, Emanuele, Landi, Francesco, Tosato, Matteo, Steering, Committee, Gremese, Elisa, Coordination, Bernabei, Roberto, Fantoni, Massimo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Field, Investigator, Gastroenterology, Team, Porcari, Serena, Settanni, Carlo Romano, Geriatric, Team, Benvenuto, F., Bramato, Giulia, Brandi, Vincenzo, Carfi, A., Fabrizi, Sofia, Lo Monaco, Maria Rita, Martone, Anna Maria, Napolitano, C., Pagano, Francesco Cosimo, Rocchi, Sara, Rota, E., Salerno, Andrea Maria, Tritto, M., Catalano, Lucio, Damiano, Francesco Paolo, Rocconi, Alessandra, Galliani, Alessandro, Spaziani, G., Tupputi, Salvatore, Cocchi, Camilla, Pirone, Flavia, D'Ignazio, F., Cacciatore, Stefano, Infectious disease, Team, Cauda, Roberto, Tamburrini, Enrica, Borghetti, Alberto, Di Gianbenedetto, S., Murri, Rita, Cingolani, Antonella, Ventura, Giulio, Taddei, E., Moschese, D., Ciccullo, A., Dusina, A., Internal Medicine, Team, Stella, L., Addolorato, Giovanni, Franceschi, Francesco, Mingrone, Geltrude, Zocco, Maria Assunta, Microbiology, Team, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Cattani Franchi, Paola, Marchetti, Simona, Posteraro, Brunella, Sali, M., Neurology, Team, Bizzarro, Alessandra, Lauria, Alessandra, Ophthalmology, Team, Rizzo, Stanislao, Savastano, Maria Cristina, Gambini, Gloria, Cozzupoli, G. M., Culiersi, Carola, Otolaryngology, Team, Passali, Giulio Cesare, Paludetti, Gaetano, Galli, Jacopo, Crudo, F., Di Cintio, G., Longobardi, Ylenia, Tricarico, Laura, Santantonio, M., Pediatric, Team, Buonsenso, Danilo, Valentini, Piero, Pata, D., Sinatti, Dario, De Rose, Cristina, Pneumology, Team, Richeldi, Luca, Lombardi, F., Calabrese, Anna Chiara, Leone, Paolo Maria, Calvello, M. R., Intini, Enrica, Montemurro, G., Psychiatric, Team, Sani, Gabriele, Janiri, Delfina, Simonetti, Alessio, Giuseppin, G., Molinaro, M., Odica, M., Radiology, Team, Natale, Luigi, Larici, Anna Rita, Marano, Riccardo, Rheumatology, Team, Paglionico, A., Petricca, Luca, Gigante, Lavinia, Natalello, G., Fedele, Anna Laura, Lizzio, Marco Maria, Tolusso, Barbara, Di Mario, Clara, Alivernini, Stefano, Vascular, Team, Santoliquido, Angelo, Santoro, L., Di Giorgio, A., Nesci, A., Popolla, Valentina, Galluzzo V., Zazzara M. B., Ciciarello F., Savera G., Calvani R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Landi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389), Tosato M., Gremese E. (ORCID:0000-0002-2248-1058), Bernabei R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X), Fantoni M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6913-8460), Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Porcari S., Settanni C. R., Bramato G., Brandi V., Fabrizi S., Lo Monaco M. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1457-7981), Martone A. M., Pagano F. C., Rocchi S., Salerno A., Catalano L., Damiano F. P., Rocconi A., Galliani A., Tupputi S., Cocchi C., Pirone F., Cacciatore S., Cauda R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Tamburrini E. (ORCID:0000-0003-4930-426X), Borghetti A., Murri R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4263-7854), Cingolani A. (ORCID:0000-0002-3793-2755), Ventura G. (ORCID:0000-0002-0304-7264), Addolorato G. (ORCID:0000-0002-1522-9946), Franceschi F. (ORCID:0000-0001-6266-445X), Mingrone G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2021-528X), Zocco M. A. (ORCID:0000-0002-0814-9542), Sanguinetti M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Cattani P. (ORCID:0000-0003-4678-4763), Marchetti S., Posteraro B. (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Bizzarro A., Lauria A., Rizzo S. (ORCID:0000-0001-6302-063X), Savastano M. C. (ORCID:0000-0003-1397-4333), Gambini G., Culiersi C., Passali G. C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8176-0962), Paludetti G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2480-1243), Galli J. (ORCID:0000-0001-6353-6249), Longobardi Y., Tricarico L., Buonsenso D., Valentini P. (ORCID:0000-0001-6095-9510), Sinatti D., De Rose C., Richeldi L. (ORCID:0000-0001-8594-1448), Calabrese A., Leone P. M., Intini E., Sani G. (ORCID:0000-0002-9767-8752), Janiri D., Simonetti A., Natale L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7949-5119), Larici A. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1882-6244), Marano R. (ORCID:0000-0003-2710-2093), Petricca L., Gigante L., Fedele A. L., Lizzio M. M., Tolusso B. (ORCID:0000-0002-9108-6609), Di Mario C., Alivernini S. (ORCID:0000-0002-7383-4212), Santoliquido A. (ORCID:0000-0003-1539-4017), Popolla V., Galluzzo, Vincenzo, Zazzara, Maria Beatrice, Ciciarello, Francesca, Savera, Giulia, Pais, C., Calvani, Riccardo, Picca, A., Marzetti, Emanuele, Landi, Francesco, Tosato, Matteo, Steering, Committee, Gremese, Elisa, Coordination, Bernabei, Roberto, Fantoni, Massimo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Field, Investigator, Gastroenterology, Team, Porcari, Serena, Settanni, Carlo Romano, Geriatric, Team, Benvenuto, F., Bramato, Giulia, Brandi, Vincenzo, Carfi, A., Fabrizi, Sofia, Lo Monaco, Maria Rita, Martone, Anna Maria, Napolitano, C., Pagano, Francesco Cosimo, Rocchi, Sara, Rota, E., Salerno, Andrea Maria, Tritto, M., Catalano, Lucio, Damiano, Francesco Paolo, Rocconi, Alessandra, Galliani, Alessandro, Spaziani, G., Tupputi, Salvatore, Cocchi, Camilla, Pirone, Flavia, D'Ignazio, F., Cacciatore, Stefano, Infectious disease, Team, Cauda, Roberto, Tamburrini, Enrica, Borghetti, Alberto, Di Gianbenedetto, S., Murri, Rita, Cingolani, Antonella, Ventura, Giulio, Taddei, E., Moschese, D., Ciccullo, A., Dusina, A., Internal Medicine, Team, Stella, L., Addolorato, Giovanni, Franceschi, Francesco, Mingrone, Geltrude, Zocco, Maria Assunta, Microbiology, Team, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Cattani Franchi, Paola, Marchetti, Simona, Posteraro, Brunella, Sali, M., Neurology, Team, Bizzarro, Alessandra, Lauria, Alessandra, Ophthalmology, Team, Rizzo, Stanislao, Savastano, Maria Cristina, Gambini, Gloria, Cozzupoli, G. M., Culiersi, Carola, Otolaryngology, Team, Passali, Giulio Cesare, Paludetti, Gaetano, Galli, Jacopo, Crudo, F., Di Cintio, G., Longobardi, Ylenia, Tricarico, Laura, Santantonio, M., Pediatric, Team, Buonsenso, Danilo, Valentini, Piero, Pata, D., Sinatti, Dario, De Rose, Cristina, Pneumology, Team, Richeldi, Luca, Lombardi, F., Calabrese, Anna Chiara, Leone, Paolo Maria, Calvello, M. R., Intini, Enrica, Montemurro, G., Psychiatric, Team, Sani, Gabriele, Janiri, Delfina, Simonetti, Alessio, Giuseppin, G., Molinaro, M., Odica, M., Radiology, Team, Natale, Luigi, Larici, Anna Rita, Marano, Riccardo, Rheumatology, Team, Paglionico, A., Petricca, Luca, Gigante, Lavinia, Natalello, G., Fedele, Anna Laura, Lizzio, Marco Maria, Tolusso, Barbara, Di Mario, Clara, Alivernini, Stefano, Vascular, Team, Santoliquido, Angelo, Santoro, L., Di Giorgio, A., Nesci, A., Popolla, Valentina, Galluzzo V., Zazzara M. B., Ciciarello F., Savera G., Calvani R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Landi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389), Tosato M., Gremese E. (ORCID:0000-0002-2248-1058), Bernabei R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X), Fantoni M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6913-8460), Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Porcari S., Settanni C. R., Bramato G., Brandi V., Fabrizi S., Lo Monaco M. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1457-7981), Martone A. M., Pagano F. C., Rocchi S., Salerno A., Catalano L., Damiano F. P., Rocconi A., Galliani A., Tupputi S., Cocchi C., Pirone F., Cacciatore S., Cauda R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Tamburrini E. (ORCID:0000-0003-4930-426X), Borghetti A., Murri R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4263-7854), Cingolani A. (ORCID:0000-0002-3793-2755), Ventura G. (ORCID:0000-0002-0304-7264), Addolorato G. (ORCID:0000-0002-1522-9946), Franceschi F. (ORCID:0000-0001-6266-445X), Mingrone G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2021-528X), Zocco M. A. (ORCID:0000-0002-0814-9542), Sanguinetti M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Cattani P. (ORCID:0000-0003-4678-4763), Marchetti S., Posteraro B. (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Bizzarro A., Lauria A., Rizzo S. (ORCID:0000-0001-6302-063X), Savastano M. C. (ORCID:0000-0003-1397-4333), Gambini G., Culiersi C., Passali G. C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8176-0962), Paludetti G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2480-1243), Galli J. (ORCID:0000-0001-6353-6249), Longobardi Y., Tricarico L., Buonsenso D., Valentini P. (ORCID:0000-0001-6095-9510), Sinatti D., De Rose C., Richeldi L. (ORCID:0000-0001-8594-1448), Calabrese A., Leone P. M., Intini E., Sani G. (ORCID:0000-0002-9767-8752), Janiri D., Simonetti A., Natale L. (ORCID:0000-0002-7949-5119), Larici A. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1882-6244), Marano R. (ORCID:0000-0003-2710-2093), Petricca L., Gigante L., Fedele A. L., Lizzio M. M., Tolusso B. (ORCID:0000-0002-9108-6609), Di Mario C., Alivernini S. (ORCID:0000-0002-7383-4212), Santoliquido A. (ORCID:0000-0003-1539-4017), and Popolla V.

Abstract

Background: Fatigue with reduced tolerance to exercise is a common persistent long-lasting feature amongst COVID-19 survivors. The assessment of muscle function in this category of patients is often neglected.Aim.: To evaluate the potential impact of a daily supplementation based on amino acids, minerals, vi-tamins, and plant extracts (Apportal (R)) on muscle function, body composition, laboratory parameters and self-rated health in a small group of COVID-19 survivors affected by fatigue.Methods: Thirty participants were enrolled among patients affected by physical fatigue during or after acute COVID-19 and admitted to the post-COVID-19 outpatient service at Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli in Rome between 1st March 2021 and 30th April 2021. All participants were evaluated at first visit (t0) and at control visit (t1), after taking a daily sachet of Apportal (R) for 28 days. Muscle function was analyzed using hand grip strength test, exhaustion strength time and the number of repetitions at one -minute chair stand test. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Laboratory parameters, including standard blood biochemistry and ferritin levels, were evaluated at the first visit and during the control visit. A quick evaluation of self-rated health, before COVID-19, at t0 and t1, was obtained through a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Participants aged 60 years and older were 13 (43%). Females represented the 70% of the study sample. Participants hospitalized for COVID-19 with low -flow oxygen supplementation represented the 43.3% of the study sample while 3.3% received noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or invasive ventilation. Hand grip strength improved from 26.3 Kg to 28.9 Kg (p < 0.05) at t1 as compared to t0. The mean time of strength exhaustion increased from 31.7 s (sec) at t0 to 47.5 s at t1 (p < 0.05). Participants performed a higher number of repetitions (28.3 vs. 22.0; p < 0.05) during the one-minute chair stand test at

Published
2022

90. Observable signatures of cosmic rays transport in Starburst Galaxies on gamma-ray and neutrino observations

Author

Ambrosone, Antonio, Chianese, Marco, Fiorillo, Damiano F. G., Marinelli, Antonio, Miele, Gennaro, Ambrosone, Antonio, Chianese, Marco, Fiorillo, Damiano F. G., Marinelli, Antonio, and Miele, Gennaro

Abstract

The gamma-ray emission from Starburst and Star-forming Galaxies (SBGs and SFGs) strongly suggests a correlation between star-forming activity and gamma-ray luminosity. However, the very nature of cosmic ray (CR) transport and the degree of their confinement within SBG cores are still open questions. We aim at probing the imprints left by CR transport on gamma-ray and neutrino observations of point-like SFGs and SBGs, looking into quantitative ways to discriminate among different transport models. We analyse the 10-yr Fermi-LAT spectral energy distributions of 13 nearby galaxies with two different CR transport models, taking into account the corresponding IR and UV observations. We also generate mock gamma-ray data to simulate the CTA performance in detecting these sources. In this way, we propose a test to discriminate between the two CR models, quantifying the statistical confidence at which one model can be preferred over the other. We point out that the current data already give a slight preference to CR models that are dominated by advection. Moreover, we show that CTA will allow us to firmly disfavour models dominated by diffusion over self-induced turbulence, compared to advection-dominated models, with Bayes factors, which can be as large as 10(7) for some of the SBGs. Finally, we estimate the diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes of SFGs and SBGs, showing that they can explain 25 per cent of the diffuse HESE data while remaining consistent with gamma-ray limits on non-blazar sources.

Published
2022

91. Axions from neutron star mergers

Author

Fiorillo, Damiano F. G., Iocco, Fabio, Fiorillo, Damiano F. G., and Iocco, Fabio

Abstract

Axionlike particles (ALPs) can in principle be produced in very hot and dense astrophysical environments, escape from the extreme object where such conditions are met, and then be converted in gamma rays in the magnetic fields intervening between the event and the Earth. This process potentially offers a new window on both the physics of the axions, and the inner working of the astrophysical objects where they are produced. Interestingly, while this process has been studied for core-collapse supernovae and other extreme astrophysical events, no estimate exists for neutron star mergers, objects recently identified through the detection of gravitational waves. In this work we study the production of ALPs in neutron star mergers, finding that for a large region of the ALP parameter space its magnitude at the source is such to produce a sizable gamma-ray signal at Earth. We show detection forecasts for such events placed in nearby galaxies, finding that they are potentially observable with the Fermi-LAT, thus opening a new window into both the astrophysics of these cataclysmic events, and of new particles beyond the standard model.

Published
2022

92. Self-reported difficulty in walking 400 meters: the “red flag” for probable sarcopenia

Author

Salini, S., Russo, Andrea, Calvani, Riccardo, Covino, Marcello, Martone, Anna Maria, Tosato, Matteo, Damiano, Francesco Paolo, Picca, A., Marzetti, Emanuele, Landi, Francesco, Russo A., Calvani R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), Covino M. (ORCID:0000-0002-6709-2531), Martone A. M., Tosato M., Damiano F. P., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Landi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389), Salini, S., Russo, Andrea, Calvani, Riccardo, Covino, Marcello, Martone, Anna Maria, Tosato, Matteo, Damiano, Francesco Paolo, Picca, A., Marzetti, Emanuele, Landi, Francesco, Russo A., Calvani R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), Covino M. (ORCID:0000-0002-6709-2531), Martone A. M., Tosato M., Damiano F. P., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), and Landi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389)

Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes in older people. Several tools are recommended to assess muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, but are not always available in daily practice. Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate if there is a correlation between the personal perception of physical performance (assessed through a question on personal functional status) and the effective presence of sarcopenia (according to the EWGSOP2 definition) using data from the Longevity Check-up 7 + project. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The Longevity Check-up 7 + project is an ongoing study started in June 2015 and conducted in unconventional settings (i.e., exhibitions, malls, and health promotion campaigns). Subjects: Candidate participants are eligible for enrollment if they are at least 18 years of age and provide written informed consent. For the present study subjects 65 years age old and older have been considered (n = 2901). Methods: According to the most recent EWGSOP2 consensus definition, subjects were defined to be affected by probable sarcopenia when handgrip strength was less than 27 kg in male and less than 16 kg in female, respectively. Furthermore, a single question assessed the perceived health status regarding own physical performance: “Do you have any difficulty in walking 400 m?”. Results: Using the EWGSOP2 algorithm, 529 (18,9%) participants were identified as affected by probable sarcopenia with a significant higher prevalence among subjects with self-reported difficulty in walking 400 m compared to participant without any difficulty (33.6% versus 13.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). Relative to participants without self-reported difficulty, those subjects with self-reported difficulty in walking 400 m showed a significantly higher risk of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.75–4.07). Conclusions: A single “Red Flag” question such as “D

Published
2022

93. Circulating Mitochondrial DNA and Inter-Organelle Contact Sites in Aging and Associated Conditions

Author

Picca, A., Guerra, F., Calvani, Riccardo, Romano, R., Coelho-Junior, H. J., Damiano, Francesco Paolo, Bucci, C., Marzetti, Emanuele, Calvani R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), Damiano F. P., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Picca, A., Guerra, F., Calvani, Riccardo, Romano, R., Coelho-Junior, H. J., Damiano, Francesco Paolo, Bucci, C., Marzetti, Emanuele, Calvani R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), Damiano F. P., and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)

Abstract

Mitochondria are primarily involved in cell bioenergetics, regulation of redox homeostasis, and cell death/survival signaling. An immunostimulatory property of mitochondria has also been recognized which is deployed through the extracellular release of entire or portioned organelle and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) unloading. Dynamic homo-and heterotypic interactions involving mitochondria have been described. Each type of connection has functional implications that eventually optimize mitochondrial activity according to the bioenergetic demands of a specific cell/tissue. Inter-organelle communications may also serve as molecular platforms for the extracellular release of mitochondrial components and subsequent ignition of systemic inflammation. Age-related chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased extracellular release of mitochondrial components—in particular, cell-free mtDNA. The close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence further supports the central role of mitochondria in the aging process and its related conditions. Here, we provide an overview of (1) the mitochondrial genetic system and the potential routes for generating and releasing mtDNA intermediates; (2) the pro-inflammatory pathways elicited by circulating mtDNA; (3) the participation of inter-organelle contacts to mtDNA homeostasis; and (4) the link of these processes with senescence and age-associated conditions.

Published
2022

95. Direct detection of light dark matter from evaporating primordial black holes

Author

Roberta Calabrese, Marco Chianese, Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Ninetta Saviano, Calabrese, R., Chianese, M., Fiorillo, D. F. G., and Saviano, N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter interacting with nucleons is hampered by the low recoil energies induced by scatterings in the detectors. This experimental difficulty is avoided in the scenario of boosted dark matter where a component of dark matter particles is endowed with large kinetic energies. In this Letter, we point out that the current evaporation of primordial black holes with masses from $10^{14}$ to $10^{16}$ g is a source of boosted light dark matter with energies of tens to hundreds of MeV. Focusing on the XENON1T experiment, we show that these relativistic dark matter particles could give rise to a signal orders of magnitude larger than the present upper bounds. Therefore, we are able to significantly constrain the combined parameter space of primordial black holes and sub-GeV dark matter. In the presence of primordial black holes with a mass of $10^{15}~\mathrm{g}$ and an abundance compatible with present bounds, the limits on DM-nucleon cross-section are improved by four orders of magnitude., 8 pages, 3 figures. v2: updated to published version

Published
2022

96. Observable Signatures of Cosmic Rays Transport in Starburst Galaxies on Gamma-ray and Neutrino Observations

Author

Antonio Ambrosone, Marco Chianese, Damiano F G Fiorillo, Antonio Marinelli, Gennaro Miele, Ambrosone, Antonio, Chianese, Marco, Fiorillo, DAMIANO FRANCESCO GIUSEPPE, Marinelli, Antonio, and Miele, Gennaro

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), SPECTRUM, starburst [galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), GAS, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies [gamma rays], STAR-FORMING GALAXIES, LUMINOSITY, star formation [galaxies], Neutrinos, EMISSION, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The gamma-ray emission from Starburst and Starforming Galaxies (SBGs and SFGs) strongly suggest a correlation between star-forming activity and gamma-ray luminosity. However, the very nature of cosmic-ray (CR) transport and the degree of their confinement within SBG cores are still open questions. We aim at probing the imprints left by CR transport on gamma-ray and neutrino observations of point-like SFGs and SBGs, looking into quantitative ways to discriminate among different transport models. Moreover, following the reported scenarios, we quantitatively assess the SBGs and SFGs contribution to the Extra-galactic Gamma-Ray Background (EGB data) and the IceCube diffuse observations (HESE data). We analyse the 10-year Fermi-LAT spectral energy distributions of 13 nearby galaxies with two different CR transport models, taking into account the corresponding IR and UV observations. We generate mock gamma-ray data to simulate the CTA performance in detecting these sources. In the way, we propose a test to discriminate between the two CR models, quantifying the statistical confidence at which one model can be preferred over the other. We point out that current data already give a slight preference to CR models which are dominated by advection in their nucleus. Moreover, we show that CTA will allow us to firmly disfavour models dominated by diffusion over self-induced turbulence, compared to advection-dominated models, with Bayes factors which can be as large as $10^7$ for some of the SBGs. Finally, we estimate the diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes of SFGs and SBGs, showing that they can explain $25\%$ of the diffuse HESE data, while remaining consistent with gamma-ray limits on non-blazar sources., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results