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The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of teaching strategies for debriefing by understanding the subjectivity of debriefing after the nursing instructor has conducted a simulation.

This study intends to screen high-risk group for delirium in the intensive care unit by building optimal prediction models through multidimensional analysis of the factors causing delirium in intensive care unit patients, thereby providing the theoretical foundation for the development of protocols for delirium prevention and management in such patients. The data were collected by looking through the electronic medical records by 3,781 patients who were admitted to the medical/ surgical intensive care units. The research tools used were the questionnaire prepared by the researcher based on literature review, the results of previous studies, and the delirium screening tool developed by Schuumans et al. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. In addition, the prediction model was built using the SPSS program to conduct decision-tree analysis technique and obtain the optimal models that predict delirium based on the explanatory variables related to delirium. The prediction model for delirium occurrence in intensive care unit patients appeared in seven paths. As a result of evaluating the model built in this study, the misclassification rate was 0.145, sensitivity was 0.857, specificity was 0.854, and positive predictive value was 0.780. Therefore, as the delirium occurrence prediction model proposed in this study provides the theoretical framework to prevent delirium by screening the high-risk group in the intensive care unit, it is expected that it can be beneficially used in clinical nursing practice. In addition, such model will contribute to improving quality of care, preventing and managing the delirium of intensive care unit patients, and reducing their medical care costs. Furthermore, continued studies for the development of effective protocols for delirium prevention and management, as well as for the development of standardized delirium assessment tools, are needed based on the results of this study.

In this study, we conducted a survey to examine the relationship among SNS addiction tendencies, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and internet game addiction in middle school students. The data were collected via structural questionnaires completed by 590 middle students located in Seoul who agreed to participate in this study. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between SNS addiction tendencies and self-esteem, and there were positive correlations among SNS addiction tendencies, interpersonal relationships, and internet gaming addiction. Also, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between interpersonal relationships and self-esteem and a negative correlation between internet gaming addiction and interpersonal relationships. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine the influence of internet game addiction and to identify its correlations with SNS addiction tendencies, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships. Hierarchical Step 1, which controlled for general characteristics, showed that gender (p

Realizing high energy density Li-ion and beyond Li-ion batteries requires transition from traditionally used graphite anode to Li alloys or Li metal anodes. In addition to electrodes, newer and better electrolytes with improved electrochemical and thermal stability are also required for developing batteries that are safer and have longer cycle life. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) are potential alternatives to currently used organic electrolytes due to their intrinsic properties—wider electrochemical windows, lower vapor pressures and greater thermal stabilities—compared to organic electrolytes. Here we present a systematic investigation of electrochemical stability of barely researched cyclic phosphonium (or phospholanium) cation, CylP+ n (n = 5 or 6) based ionic liquids. CylP+ n (n = 5 and 6) are phosphorous analogues of pyrrolidinium and piperidinium cations. We explore the chemical space spanned by of linear alkane-, cyclic alkene-, ether- and amine- functionalized ILs to identify the relevant chemical structures that are potential alternatives to currently used organic electrolytes. We use quantum chemistry calculations to calculate redox free energies and electrochemical stabilities of functionalized CylP+ 5 based ionic liquids. In the past, Density Functional theory (DFT) has been extensively used by multiple research groups to provide invaluable insights into electrolyte decomposition pathways that determine the inherent redox stability of electrolytes in the bulk and at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. All functionalized CylP+ 5 cations demonstrate excellent oxidation stability against currently preferred cathode materials and are marginally unstable at the Li interfaces. Linear alkyls, cyclic alkenes, and primary amines show good oxidative stability among the variants in the combinatorial library and hence can be potential alternatives to currently preferred electrolytes. Linear alkyl functionalized phospholanium cations and other variants that are marginally unstable at Li interface can become potential alternatives to organic electrolytes when used in combination with graphite anode or Li anode with SEI forming additives, such as Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). Besides the electrochemical stability of base phospholanium cations, chemical stability of the functionalities calculated from free energies of lithiation prior to reduction show that the functional substituents are stable and do not breakdown at the Li interface. Overall, we find that alkyls feature good electrochemical stabilities compared to ethers, and it is further possible to design functionalized CylP+ 5 cations with longer alkyl chains terminated by alkoxy groups to achieve better electrochemical and thermo-physical properties. We further explore CylP+ 5 and Pyr+ (pyrrolidinium) cations with alkoxy and alkyl functionalization since the addition of oxygen units to side chains of base cations was reported to improve physico-chemical properties of similar nitrogen based ILs. Redox stability, inter-molecular interactions (of ILs) and electrostatic interactions between Li ions and functionalized cations were calculated to demonstrate the potential of CylP+ 5 cation based ILs as battery electrolytes.

The aims of this study were to verify SNS addiction tendencies, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships and to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains internet game addiction in male middle school students and to test the fitness with collected data. The data were collected via structural questionnaires completed by 213 male students attending a middle school located in Seoul who agreed to participate in this study. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between SNS addiction tendencies and self-esteem, and there were positive correlations among SNS addiction tendencies, interpersonal relationships, and internet gaming addiction. Also, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between interpersonal relationships and self-esteem and a negative correlation between internet gaming addiction and interpersonal relationships. AMOS 20.0 analysis was used to determine the influence of internet game addiction and to identify its correlation with SNS addiction tendencies. The overall fitness indices hypothetical model was good: (X2= 78.981, p

The aim of this study was to examine the factors affecting anxiety after cardiopulmonary resuscitation among medical persons and medical students. To determine the influences of state anxiety and trait anxiety on stress and resilience, a multiple regression was used. The explanatory power of stress and resilience on state anxiety was shown to be 34.0%, and the explanatory power of stress and resilience trait anxiety was shown to be 51.6%. Among these factors, stress (B = .244) and resilience (B = -.316) were shown to exert a significant influence on state anxiety, and stress (B = .280) and resilience (B = -.340) were shown to exert a significant influence on trait anxiety. Resilience turned out to be the factor with the most influence on anxiety after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in this research. Nursing and medical managers wishing to reduce anxiety should focus their analysis on the issue of resilience and look for ways to decrease anxiety after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background/Objectives: To validate the Korea version of the emotional labor scale, an instrument widely used to understand how professionals working with people face emotional labor in hospitality organizations. Methods/Statistical analysis: The objective of this research was to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the 3 types ELS in Korea. An observational, cross-sectional and multicenter survey was used. Health care providers (n=205) completed the selfreported ELS. Data was gathered at 3 hospitals during Oct. 2013 after obtaining an informed consent. Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)&Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were estimated in order to test the factors structure of the scale. The internal consistency coefficients from the three studies, ranging from .69 to .94, evidence the reliability of the 3 types ELS. Among them, ELS by Brotheridge and Lee4 revised 2011, the most appropriate in the results of EFA. The results of the CFA confirm a factor structure of the scale with two subscales. Conclusion/Application: Evidence was also provided for convergent and discriminant validity. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential applications of the scale.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify validity the Korean version of resilience scale and identify performance status and resilience in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: A sample of 110 patients with colorectal cancer was recruited from a hospital in Seoul. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, factor analysis, MAP test and Parallel test and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: The reliability, validity, and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and factor analysis yielded two factors. The resilience for colorectal cancer patients showed a significant difference according to marital status and performance status. The two variables were the significant factors influencing resilience, which they explained 26.5% of the variance. Conclusion: The results of the study show the importance of performance status in explaining the resilience in patients with colorectal cancer. Therefore, This study suggests that intervention programs to increase the performance status among patients could improve the resilience of cancer patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was conducted to identify the impact of Symptom Severity and Symptom Interference on Sleep Disturbance among cancer patients. Methods: This study was conducted from October 8th to October 25th, 2012. One hundred eight cancer patients were recruited from S city in Korea. The instruments used in this study were the Symptom Severity, Symptom Interference and the Sleep Disturbance scales for patients with cancer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The Sleep Disturbance for cancer patients showed a significant relationship with Symptom Interference and cancer stage. The significant factors influencing Sleep Disturbance were Symptom Severity and Symptom Interference. They explained 40.5% of the variance in stage IV. Conclusion: Patients with cancer experienced Symptom Severity and Symptom Interference which led to a negative effect on Sleep Disturbance. The results suggest that intervention programs to reduce Symptom Severity, Symptom Interference could improve Sleep Disturbance for cancer patients.