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This study systematically reviewed the immigrant and refugee research in counseling psychology and related fields, which included 323 empirical studies in 310 articles, over a 31-year period. We analyzed the content and methods in (a) participant characteristics, (b) study characteristics, (c) topics and theoretical frameworks, and (d) publication trends. To summarize key findings, top nations of origin included Mexico, China, and South Korea. English-speaking, young individuals and college students were overrepresented in study participants. Acculturation and enculturation was one of the most frequently used variables, topics, and theories. Nevertheless, the proportion of acculturation and enculturation research has declined over time, while research on racial bias and discrimination has increased since 2000. It suggests growing attention to sociopolitical dimensions of migration beyond cultural transition. Qualitative methods were frequently used when studying Middle Eastern immigrants, refugees, and LGBTQ issues. We evaluated the findings from strength-based, bidirectional, ecological, and intersectional perspectives and suggest directions for research, practice, advocacy, education, and training.

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades play important roles in eukaryotic defense against various pathogens. Activation of the extracellular ATP (eATP) receptor P2K1 triggers MAP kinase 3 and 6 (MPK3/6) phosphorylation, which leads to an elevated plant defense response. However, the mechanism by which P2K1 activates the MAPK cascade is unclear. In this study, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, P2K1 phosphorylates the Raf-like MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 (ILK5) on serine 192 in the presence of eATP. The interaction between P2K1 and ILK5 was confirmed both in vitro and in planta and their interaction was enhanced by ATP treatment. Similar to P2K1 expression, ILK5 expression levels were highly induced by treatment with ATP, flg22, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and various abiotic stresses. ILK5 interacts with and phosphorylates the MAP kinase MKK5. Moreover, phosphorylation of MPK3/6 was significantly reduced upon ATP treatment in ilk5 mutant plants, relative to wild-type (WT). The ilk5 mutant plants showed higher susceptibility to P. syringae pathogen infection relative to WT plants. Plants expressing only the mutant ILK5S192A protein, with decreased kinase activity, did not activate the MAPK cascade upon ATP addition. These results suggest that eATP activation of P2K1 results in transphosphorylation of the Raf-like MAPKKK ILK5, which subsequently triggers the MAPK cascade, culminating in activation of MPK3/6 associated with an elevated innate immune response.

With increasing demand for energy, the penetration of alternative sources such as renewable energy in power grids has increased. Solar energy is one of the most common and well-known sources of energy in existing networks. But because of its non-stationary and non-linear characteristics, it needs to predict solar irradiance to provide more reliable Photovoltaic (PV) plants and manage the power of supply and demand. Although there are various methods to predict the solar irradiance. This paper gives the overview of recent studies with focus on solar irradiance forecasting with ensemble methods which are divided into two main categories: competitive and cooperative ensemble forecasting. In addition, parameter diversity and data diversity are considered as competitive ensemble forecasting and also preprocessing and post-processing are as cooperative ensemble forecasting. All these ensemble forecasting methods are investigated in this study. In the end, the conclusion has been drawn and the recommendations for future studies have been discussed.

The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) onboard the Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2B (GEO-KOMPSAT-2B) satellite observes the hourly volcanic SO2 over Asia. In this study, the various physical characteristics of volcanic plumes have been investigated based on hourly volcanic SO2 measurements. The transport direction, path and speed, and altitude of volcanic SO2 plume emitted from Nishinoshima in Japan, Etna in Italy, and Dukono located in Halmahera, Indonesia were calculated. The SO2 plume from Nishinoshima, Japan, moved westward at a maximum speed of 57 km/h on August 4, 2020. The SO2 plume generated from Etna was observed to move over China using both GEMS and TROPOMI, and moved at an altitude of 11–14 km and a speed of 162–190 km/h. In the case of the SO2 plume from the Dukono volcano flowed into an average of 3.6 Mg of SO2 per hour to the cities of nearby islands. GEMS can be utilized for an improvement in the prediction accuracy of SO2 plume transport using a chemical transport model due to the availability of hourly volcanic SO2 height information. In addition, hourly observations of SO2 concentrations are expected to protect SO2 exposure through rapid forecasting for people in cities around the volcano.

We, for the first time, developed a Raman lidar system which can remotely detect surface CO2 volume mixing ratio (VMR). Indoor CO2 cell measurements show that the accuracy of the Raman lidar is calculated to be 99.89%. We carried out the field measurement using our Raman lidar at an artificial CO2 leakage site where a CO2 leakage spot is located 0.2 km away from the Raman lidar. The results show good agreement between CO2 VMRs measured by the Raman lidar system (CO2 VMRRaman LIDAR) and those measured by in situ instruments (CO2 VMRIn-situ). The correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and percentage difference between CO2 VMRIn-situ and CO2 VMRRaman LIDAR are 0.81, 0.27%, 0.37%, and 4.92%, respectively. Surface CO2 VMRs were retrieved at several distances from the Raman Lidar. The average values of R, MAE, and RMSE between CO2 VMRIn-situ and CO2 VMRRaman LIDAR are 0.92, 2.78 ppm, and 3.26 ppm, respectively. We detected CO2 emitted from a stack of a resource recovery facility 450 m away from Raman lidar. CO2 VMRRaman LIDAR was in the range of 600 to 1400 ppmv.

The Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is a UV–visible spectrometer onboard the GEO-KOMPSAT-2B satellite launched into geostationary orbit in February 2020. To evaluate GEMS NO2 column data, comparison was carried out using NO2 vertical column density (VCD) measured using direct-sunlight observations by the Pandora spectrometer system at four sites in Seosan, South Korea, during November 2020 to January 2021. Correlation coefficients between GEMS and Pandora NO2 data at four sites ranged from 0.35 to 0.48, with root mean square errors (RMSEs) from 4.7 × 1015 molec. cm-2 to 5.5 × 1015 molec. cm-2 for cloud fraction (CF) < 0.7. Higher correlation coefficients of 0.62–0.78 with lower RMSEs from 3.3 × 1015 molec. cm-2 to 4.3 × 1015 molec. cm-2 were found with CF < 0.3, indicating the higher sensitivity of GEMS to atmospheric NO2 in less-cloudy conditions. Overall, GEMS NO2 column data tend to be lower than those of Pandora due to differences in representative spatial coverage, with a large negative bias under high-CF conditions. With correction for horizontal representativeness in Pandora measurement coverage, the correlation coefficients range from 0.69 to 0.81 with RMSEs from 3.2 × 1015 molec. cm-2 to 4.9 × 1015 molec. cm-2 were achieved for CF < 0.3, showing the better correlation with the correction than that without the correction.

Identifying

Filamentous fungi are a major cause of life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients; thus, rapid and accurate identification is critical. Filamentous fungal identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been demonstrated with high sensitivity and reproducibility; however, its wider application has been limited in clinical laboratories because of practical challenges such as database availability or lack of standardization. In this study, we compared the performance of the Bruker Biotyper, ASTA MicroIDSys, and Vitek MS for 84 clinical filamentous fungal isolates. Moreover, the sensitivity of three independent sample preparation methods (direct, on plate, in tube) was compared. Bruker Biotyper identified 71.43% (60/84) of isolates correctly (species, genus, or complex/group level). ASTA MicroIDSys and Vitek MS showed accuracy rates of 70.24% (59/84) and 55.95% (47/84), respectively. We found that any difference in sensitivity may be attributed to the database of the systems. In addition, the "in tube" method showed the highest sensitivity among the three methods; however, there was no statistical difference among them. For the broader application of MALDI-TOF MS for filamentous fungal identification, further studies from multiple perspectives are required.

Significant progress into the development and use of stretchable sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been made in the last several years. The fusion of stretchable, adaptable sensing materials with highly specialized additive manufacturing techniques allows for the development of highly adaptive, customizable, and easily accessible sensing solutions. However, a significant portion of these works explore SHM topics at a macro level, and with a reduced focus on implementation. As such, little application or experimentation into practical sensing elements, especially those at the micro scale, have followed the advances in sensing technology. In this work, we demonstrate the application of recent developments in stretchable electronics, alongside multiple advanced additive manufacturing processes, to develop a novel flexible microscale sensor. A complex sensor is designed and printed utilizing Digital Light Processing (DLP) to directly fabricate the structure. The printed sensor is then filled with a piezoresistive sensing element of either PEDOT:PSS or carbon-based PDMS (cPDMS), which provided strain readings via resistance change. After being filled with a sensing mixture, the sensor is shown to operate as desired under large deformations. Additionally, the sensor is shown to work effectively when embedded into a separate additively manufactured part. A flexible test coupon is manufactured using the DLP AM process, and a microsensor is embedded inside the coupon structure. This sensing systems is tested in both tension and bending. These results show the feasibility of implementing both modern day AM processes and into current structural health monitoring developments into practical applications.

The demand for acoustic wave-based devices has been rapidly increasing in the aerospace, chemical, and biological fields due to their versatility towards sensing measurands. This paper explores the characteristics and effectiveness of acoustic wave-based two-port sensors designed with bidirectional IDT electrodes placed in different configurations, such as surface mounted or embedded inside the substrate, through numerical and experimental analysis. The numerical study involves 3D modeling of the sensor design to investigate wave characteristics by utilizing time-domain, i.e., time delay and wave patterns, and frequency-domain analysis, i.e., scattering parameter study. The sensor made of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer is modeled to ensure the concordance between the theoretical and numerical results as well as a preliminary experimental result obtained from transparent piezoelectric films. The coupling of modes theoretical model is used to obtain the device’s frequency response by a transmission matrix cascading technique. These investigated results will stand as guidance and facilitate defining an approach that can predict the behavior of the sensor with a specific design under different operating environments and expand its viability towards multi-functional devices that are reliable and sensitive to intended measurands.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analysis technique that determines the elemental composition of a target material. Metal scraps have a range of shapes and are contaminated with other substances such as paint or dirt. This makes it difficult to recognize each piece of metal scrap accurately and to obtain clear LIBS emission spectra of the target metals. In this study, two image processing algorithms are proposed to measure the three-dimensional shapes of metal scraps and to calculate the optimized (i.e., relatively clean and flat) surface areas of metal scraps. It was confirmed that 25% higher maximum classification accuracy was achieved when LIBS spectra were acquired from optimized rather than non-optimized (i.e., contaminated) surfaces.

To validate the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS), the GEMS Map of Air Pollution (GMAP) campaign was conducted during 2020–2021 by integrating Pandora Asia Network, aircraft, and in situ measurements. In the present study, GMAP-2020 measurements were applied to evaluate urban air quality and explore the synergy of Pandora column (PC) NO2 measurements and surface in situ (SI) NO2 measurements for Seosan, South Korea, where large point source (LPS) emissions are densely clustered. Due to the difficulty of interpreting the effects of LPS emissions on air quality downwind of Seosan using SI monitoring networks alone, we explored the combined analysis of both PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 measurements. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering using vertical meteorological variables combined with PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 yielded three distinct conditions: synoptic wind-dominant (SD), mixed (MD), and local wind-dominant (LD). These results suggest meteorology-dependent correlations between PC-NO2 and SI-NO2. Overall, yearly daytime mean (11:00–17:00 KST) PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 statistical data showed good linear correlations (R=∼0.73); however, the differences in correlations were largely attributed to meteorological conditions. SD conditions characterized by higher wind speeds and advected marine boundary layer heights suppressed fluctuations in both PC-NO2 and SI-NO2, driving a uniform vertical NO2 structure with higher correlations, whereas under LD conditions, LPS plumes were decoupled from the surface or were transported from nearby cities, weakening correlations through anomalous vertical NO2 gradients. The discrepancies suggest that using either PC-NO2 or SI-NO2 observations alone involves a higher possibility of uncertainty under LD conditions or prevailing transport processes. However, under MD conditions, both pollution ventilation due to high surface wind speeds and daytime photochemical NO2 loss contributed to stronger correlations through a decline in both PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 towards noon. Thus, Pandora Asia Network observations collected over 13 Asian countries since 2021 can be utilized for detailed investigation of the vertical complexity of air quality, and the conclusions can be also applied when performing GEMS observation interpretation in combination with SI measurements.

According to energy crisis and increasing number of small electronics, energy harvesting is one of the most promising technologies for scavenging several types of wasted energy. Especially, with regard to vibrational energy harvesting, triboelectric nanogenerators and electromagnetic generators stand out due to their working mechanisms. Here, an oscillating charge pump-based hybrid generator with two triboelectric nanogenerators and an electromagnetic generator using a switching-free characteristic was fabricated with material optimization. To enhance the electrical output of the triboelectric nanogenerator, a concept of charge pumping with simply connecting an additional charge pump device and the nanostructure formation process on the contact metal layer were adopted. The electrical outputs were characterized as an output current of 9.17 μA with a current density of 83.2 mA m