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Numerous attempts have been made to improve the existing intersection systems to maximize capacity and reduce the delay costs and queues. This paper introduces a simulation method to study the effectiveness of a new technique introduced recently in China – the left-turn waiting area. This has an extended left lane that allows the vehicles to wait before the signal turns green. It is reported that this system can significantly improve intersection performance. This paper introduces the different types of left-turn waiting areas which have been widely implemented in China. The method of using micro-simulation VISSIM to study the effectiveness of left-turn waiting area is proposed in this paper, along with some preliminary results of a case study.

Lead-free EO ceramics have been received increasing attentions from the view point of green environment in recent years. In this study, lead-free Ba6-1.5xLaxTi2Nb8O30 (0≤x≤7%) ceramics were synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction sintering method. The effects of lanthanum doping on the microstructure and electrical properties of Ba6Ti2Nb8O30 (BTN) ceramics were investigated and analyzed. The XRD results revealed that the lanthanum doping changed the BTN lattice parameters slightly. The sample grain size, dielectric constants (1kHz) and the temperature Tm gradually decreased with the increasing of lanthanum doped content. The optimized BLTN ceramic sample with x=4 mol % exhibited a good transparency and excellent electrical properties (Ps=6.41 μC/cm2, Pr=0.77 μC/cm2, and Ec=3.80 kV/cm).

Objective To investigate the effcts of methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG) on the malignant transformation of human gastric mucosa GES-1 cells and explore the possible molecular mechanism. Methods The GES-1 cells was treated by 9 different concentrations of MNNG for 24h, then removed MNNG and culture cell normally. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay after 24h. The effects of MNNG on invasion and migration ability were detected by Transwell invasion and migration tests after 24h. The apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI FCM after 48h, and the expression levels of NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting respectively. Results 2×10–4mol/L MNNG was chose for the induction of malignant transformation of GES -1 cells by the statistic analysis, 2×104mol/L MNNG could increase the proliferation, promote the invasion and migration, suppress the apoptosis of GES-1 cells (P

In this article, we introduce a new concept of oblivious transfer with membership verification that allows any legitimate group users to obtain services from a service provider in an oblivious manner. We present two oblivious transfer with membership verification schemes, differing in design. In the first scheme, a trusted group manager issues credentials for a pre-determined group of users so that the group of users with a valid group credential can obtain services from the service provider, while the choices made by group users remain oblivious to the service provider. The second scheme avoids the trusted group manager, which allows any user in the group to be a group manager, thus it is more suitable in distributed systems. In particular, we prove that the two oblivious transfer with membership verification schemes can achieve receiver’s privacy and sender’s privacy under a half-simulation model.

The lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate transparent ceramics with different Zr/Ti ratio were prepared by the hot pressing sintering method. A single perovskive structure with a dense microsctructure was obtained and the transgranular fracture of PLZT ceramics tended to be more serious As the Zr/Ti ratio increases, the transmittance of PLZT ceramics tended to be higher and the transgranular fracture became more serious. The P-E loops changed froe a square hysteresis loop to a double tending slim hysteresis loop. Besides,the S-E loops changed from a approximate parabolic shape to a butterfly shape. These two loops confirm the transition from normal ferroelectric to anti ferroelectric phase occured with the Zr/Ti ratio increasing.

A rapid analytical method was established for the determination of trace amounts of microcystin (MC-LR) in environmental water samples by using magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) coupled with HPLC/UV based on a magnetic bentonite sorbent fabricated by solvothermal synthesis method. Several factors influencing the extraction efficiency of MC-LR, such as sorbent amount, pH condition, sample volume, adsorption and desorption time, and desorption solvent, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the limits of detection and quantification for the method were 0.75 and 1.5 ng L −1 , respectively, which was far below the guideline recommended by the World Health Organisation. The method showed a good linearity ( R 2 = 0.9993) in the concentration ranges of 0.25–250 μg L −1 for MC-LR. The MSPE sorbent was simple in preparation, low cost and magnetizable, and the developed MSPE-HPLC method was suitable for the rapid and sensitive determination of MC-LR in nature water samples.

In recent years, Chinese medicine has played an important role in the prognosis of gastric cancer. Precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma (PLGC) is a class of gastric cancer which is closely related to the gastric mucosal pathology changes in the role of carcinogenic incentives, and plays key role in the progression of normal gastric mucosal cells into gastric cancerous cells. In current experiment, we explore the relationship between Chinese traditional medicine (Xiao Tan He Wei Decoction) and gastric cancer in the PLGC rat animal models and epithelial-mesenchymal transitioned GES-1 cells which were induced useing 1- Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). PLGC rat model showed significant deterioration in the gastric mucosa with terrible growth rate in body weight and more atypical hyperplasia in gastric mucosa. MC cells, MNNG induced GES-1 cells which epithelial- mesenchymal-transition (EMT)-related proteins have a great change compare with normal GES-1 cells. The cells had characteristics of malignant cells including proliferation, invasion and metastasis ability. Our research founds that Xiao Tan He Wei Decoction could inhibit cell proliferation and increased apoptosis by increase the level of pro-apoptotic proteins like Bax and caspase-3 and decreased the level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, block the cells in G0/G1 phase simultaneously. Furthermore, Xiao Tan He Wei Decoction could inhibit nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-kB) activity and inhibit its transfer from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. However, when we incubated with NF-κB activator PMA, the effect of Xiao Tan He Wei Decoction was reversed. These results suggested that Xiao Tan He Wei Decoction could be used as a method for the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions, and possibly provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer and gastric precancerous lesions.

In spite of numerous protection schemes, embedded systems are still faced with the danger of being attacked, especially at run time. Some ‘trusted’ programs may be attacked and then result in unintended behaviors, such as jumping to malicious code and leakage of sensitive data. Control flow authentication is one of efficient methods to protect the security of embedded system by ensuring system run along the designed control flow path. In this paper, we propose a new control flow authentication method to further improve the efficiency. A hardware monitor on chip is designed to help authenticate most control flow edges. And the control flow edges in loops are isolated and protected by self-validation software. This software method inserts assembly code upon every basic blocks in a loop to authenticate control flow edges by computing three validation variables. This loop isolation method helps hardware monitor to protect control flow edges which are repeatedly validated in loops to reduce validation times. With this combination, both performance and fault coverage rate have improved compared to traditional methods. To evaluate the performance, we built the system based on ARM v7-A architecture and simulated it using the cycle-accurate simulator GEM5 with SPEC2006 benchmarks.

To evaluate the impact of Jinlongshe Granule (金龙蛇颗粒, JLSG) on quality of life (QOL) of stage IV gastric cancer patients. This randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial included 50 patients with advanced gastric cancer. They were equally randomized into a JLSG group and a placebo group. Patients in both groups received routine Chinese herbal decoctions according to Chinese medicine (CM) treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Patients in JLSG group received additional JLSG, and those in the placebo group received an additional placebo. In the JLSG group, 19 patients who completed the study were used for analysis. In the placebo group, finally the data of 20 patients who completed the study were used for analysis. The treatment course was at least 3 months, and the follow-up duration was at least 6 months in 5 interviews. Repeated measurements of the subscale items and individual items in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) obtained at the 5 interviews were compared using different patient groups, changes over time and changes within one group over time independently to observe the tendency of changes in the scores. Using time as the variant, there was signifificant difference in 4 functional scales (physical, role, emotional and social, P 0.05), insomnia (P 0.05) and financial difficulties (P

This paper introduced an optimization model to address dynamic speed control strategies for achieving network-wide speed harmonization. Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied to search the optimal solution of the proposed model. During the search process, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based analytical model and microscopic traffic simulation VISSIM were applied to evaluate the performance of possible solutions. The proposed model can be used to determine the deployment of dynamic speed limits, the displayed speed limit, and the timing to change these speed limits. The proposed model was tested using VISSIM in an urban freeway network of about 12 miles long. Different simulation scenarios with varying AADT from 60,000 to 12,000 were tested. It was found that when properly implemented, dynamic speed control can improve traffic flow conditions, reduce congestion and emission, and enhance network throughput. For example, in the selected urban freeway network with the AADT of 80,000, the proposed dynamic speed control strategy can save 5% average travel time, reduce 9% of the vehicles with high collision risk and about 11% emission.

The objective of this study is to develop a microscopic simulation model to objectively compare operational improvements with capacity expansions. Simulation software VISSIM was used to redesign the existing facilities for the performance evaluation of operational improvement and capacity expansion strategies from delay time, emission and fuel consumption perspective. Two case studies were performed with different test beds to evaluate the effectiveness of performance evaluation model, majorly involving dynamic speed, ramp metering and hard shoulder usage strategies which are discussed in detail to illustrate the changes due to operational improvement and capacity expansion strategies.

A simple and green method has been developed for in situ assembly of magnetic Fe 3 O 4 on the pillared bentonite by a solvothermal reaction. Fe 3 O 4 nanopaticles have a nearly uniform size of about 200 nm, and they create the homogeneous structures distributed on the bentonite surface. The resulting magnetic material (Fe 3 O 4 @Al-B) has a surface area of 110 m 2 /g and a saturation magnetization of 36.18 emu/g. At the same time, Fe 3 O 4 @Al-B has a strong surface affinity toward microcystin-LR (MC-LR) both in Mili-Q water and river water samples. Adsorption of MC-LR on Fe3O4@Al-B increases with pH decrease, with a maximum adsorption at pH 2.1. The equilibrium adsorption data are also analyzed by using the Langmuir and Freundlich models to evaluate the adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@Al-B and a result of 161.29 mg/g is achieved. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best correlation of the experimental data. Therefore, Fe 3 O 4 @Al-B is an effective technology and has a great potential in removing MC-LR from drinking water resources.

Bluetooth low energy devices are very popular in wireless personal area networks. According to the Bluetooth standard specifications, the low energy secure simple pairing (LESSP) protocol is the process by which the pairing devices negotiate the authenticated secret key. To violate the user privacy, the adversary can perhaps link the runs of the LESSP protocol to the targeted device, which usually relates to the specially appointed user. Hence, we investigate deep into the privacy of the LESSP protocol. Our main contributions are threefold: (1) We demonstrate that the LESSP protocol suffers from privacy vulnerability. That is, an adversary without any secret key is able to identify the targeted device by the LESSP protocol. (2) An improvement is therefore proposed to repair the privacy vulnerability in the LESSP protocol. (3) We develop a formal privacy model to evaluate the privacy vulnerabilities in the LESSP protocol and its improved versions. We further prove that our improvement on the LESSP protocol is private under the privacy model. In addition, the performance evaluation shows that our improvement is as efficient as the LESSP protocol. Our research results are beneficial to the privacy enhancement of Bluetooth systems in wireless personal area networks.

Aurivillius phase ferroelectrics Ba(Bi1−xLax)4Ti4O15(x=0-0.05) (BBiLxT) was synthesized by a modified high-temperature solid-phase route.The structure, the dielectric, the ferroelectric and the aging properties were investigated systematically. With the La3+doping, the room temperature relative permittivity of the samples is increased, and dielectric loss is decreased. For the BBiLxT phase, only a weak variation with respect to the F2mm space group can be suggested from single crystal X-ray diffraction. The microstructure confirms the samples have a well-proportioned grain size and a higher density. The substitution also results in a marked improvement in the remnant polarization. The doping of La3+in BBiLxT ceramics increased the room temperature relative permittivity aging properties.

BaBi2Nb2O9/PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) composite ultrafiltration (UF)membranes were prepared by alloying BaBi2Nb2O9 (BBN) particles uniformly in the PVDF solution (15% polymer weight) and used a phase-inversion method. This paper studied the effect of the concentration of BBN from 0% to 5% in 0.2Mpa on pure water flux and rejection rate to Bovine serum albumin (BSA). The cross-sectional structures of composite membranes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, XRD results revealed the crystal structure of PVDF. The experimental results showed that the BBN/PVDF composite ultrafiltration membranes were superior in separation performances than the pure PVDF membranes due to the addition of BBN.

Currently, Yttria-stabilized zirconia solid state electrolyte are widely used in various fields . The basic performance of Yttria-stabilized zirconia (5YSZ) prepared by different synthesis methods and sintering temperatures are studied in this paper ,their phase compositions and microstructure are studied with XRD and SEM. The ionic conductivity of 5YSZ sintered at different temperature are studied with A.C. impedance spectroscopy measurement.

A basic but expensive operation in implementations of several famous public-key cryptosystems is the computation of the multi-exponentiation in a certain finite multiplication group. In 2007, Yang et al. presented an interesting asynchronous multi-exponentiation algorithm called the SU"t method, which uses the binary representations for the exponents. In this note, we analyze the computational efficiency of the SU"t method by modeling the scanning process as a Markov chain. It shows that their computational efficiency result is incorrect. Moreover, we make a performance comparison among the published techniques and show that the performance of a modified sliding window method is better than that of the SU"t method, when there are 4 or more additional registers. We hope that our research will be convenient to the development of the cryptographic devices.

Recently, pairing based cryptography has drawn a lot of attention since it is the key technology to construct identity based encryption schemes. Major operations of pairing are elliptic curve computations defined upon finite field arithmetic. Hardware implementation of large prime field operation is critical to improve the practicality of pairing based cryptography. In this paper, we present a parallel processing architecture of cryptoprocessor for optimal ate pairings over BN-curves in prime field. The proposed design contains two arithmetic processing engines to complete prime field operations in parallel. Each engine is designed by the unified Fp arithmetic unit to save hardware resources. This architecture can also be used to implement RSA and ECC cryptography schemes in parallel to satisfy industry demand. The design is implemented on a Virtex-5 FPGA device. The result shows our design consumes 10592 Slices and computes optimal-ate pairing within 283,111 clock cycles, achieving a better balance between speed and area than other designs.

A parallel architecture for efficient hardware implementation of Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) cryptography is proposed. Residue number system (RNS) is introduced to realize high parallelism, thus all the elements under the same base are independent of each other and can be computed in parallel. Moreover, a simple and fast base transformation is used to achieve RNS Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm, which facilitates hardware implementation. Based on transport triggered architecture (TTA), the proposed architecture is designed to evaluate the performance and feasibility of the algorithm. With these optimizations, a decryption rate of 106 kbps can be achieved for 1 024-b RSA at the frequency of 100 MHz.

User authentication is a basic security requirement during the deployment of the wireless sensor network (WSN), because it may operate in a rather hostile environment, such as a military battlefield. In 2010, Khan and Alghathbar (KA) found out that Das's two-factor user authentication scheme for WSNs is vulnerable to the gateway node (GW-node) bypassing attack and the privileged-insider attack. They further presented an improved scheme to overcome the security flaws of Das's scheme. However, in this paper, we show that KA's scheme still suffers from the GW-node impersonation attack, the GW-node bypassing attack, and the privileged-insider attack. Hence, to fix the security flaws in KA's scheme, we propose a new user authentication scheme for WSNs. The security of the user authentication session in the proposed scheme is reduced by the model of Bellare and Rogaway. The security of partial compromise of secrets in the proposed scheme is reduced and analyzed by our adversarial model. Based on the performance evaluation, the overall cost of the proposed scheme is less than that of KA's scheme. Hence, we believe that the proposed scheme is more suitable for real security applications than KA's scheme.

In this paper, we propose an architecture security evaluation method to identify potential risks of architecture. We model security features of web applications from two different but complementary points of view using AADL, build an AADL security model which contribute to detect risks of architecture. With the help of a tool, we can automatically convert the AADL security model to an architecture security model. Then, an integration process applies analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy evaluation analysis to the architecture security model. In the end, we can get security conclusions of the architecture and improve security measures based on security conclusions. The experiment demonstrates that the method not only improves efficiency of the evaluation, but also makes security evaluation process more objective and accurate.

3Y-TZP powder has been successfully synthesized by gel solid-state method. The structural phases of powder particles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and the morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The average size of grains was 230 nm. The sintering behavior, mechanical properties and microstructure of 3Y-TZP ceramics sintered by this powder were investigated. The experiment results showed that the mechanical properties of ceramics were excellent.

BaTiO3-PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) composite ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by a phase separation method.The surface and cross-section of the membranes were investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the morphology of PVDF membrane can be disturbed by BaTiO3.Albumin bovine serum retention and the water flux of the blend membrane increase.The phenomenon is discussed in terms of the modification of spongy layer and finger-like structure in the blend polymer.

La3+ doped textured ceramics CaBi4-xLaxTi4O15were prepared by oriented consolidation of anisometric particle method with tape casting. The orientation was improved by modifying sintering temperature. The doping of La3+in orientated CaBi4-xLaxTi4O15ceramics increased the dielectric constant. The higher dielectric constant was obtained in the direction which tropism parallels to the electric field. The relationship between dielectric constant and orientation was discussed.

The influence of conductivity of supernatant of 3Y-TZP powder on the sintering properties of its ceramics is evaluated. It is found that the conductivity of supernatant is helpful for the determination of the sintering activities. The sintering properties of 3Y-TZP ceramics are improved with the increase of the conductivity of supernatant. It is attributed to a large amount of unsaturated states in the powder.

Ferroelectric BaTiO3/polyvinylidene fluoride (BaTiO3/PVDF) composites were prepared by a coating technique. It was observed that BaTiO3powders prepared with different thermal treatment temperatures affected dielectric performances of the composites. The polymer with fine BaTiO3powder exhibited a lower dielectric loss than that with coarse powder. Fourier transform infrared spectrum was carried out to investigate the vibration of chemical bonds. The relationship between the dielectric property and intercoupling between F-ion and oxygen octahedron was discussed.

Interleukin-8 is known as an important chemokine involved in tumor angiogenesis and progression. Overexpression of interleukin-8 has been detected in a variety of human tumors, including gastric cancer, and is negatively correlated with prognosis. The aim of our study is to determine the effects of interleukin-8 on proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion abilities and correlated molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer. We made recombinant interleukin-8 ranged from 0 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml interferes in human gastric cancer SCG-7901 cells in vitro. The results shown that interleukin-8 did not change cell proliferation, but promoted cell adhesion to endothelial cell and extracellular matrix components (collagen, laminin and fibronectin) as detected by Cell Counting Kit-8. And it induced migration and invasion ability based on scratch and transwell-chamber assays. Also, interleukin-8 regulated the protein and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-cad and there was obviously a dose-dependent relationship, but the protein or mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was not obviously changed under the tested conditions. Our findings indicate that interleukin-8 is associated with adhesion, migration and invasion in gastric cancer and the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-cad expression is one of the potential molecule mechanisms. The studies imply interleukin-8 may be an alternative treatment strategy against gastric cancer.

(200) grain-oriented 0.91Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.09PbTiO3 (PMN–0.09PT) piezoelectric ceramics with a degree of orientation of 0.5052 have been produced from melt by a directional solidification method. The dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were investigated, e.g., ε~4200, tanδ~0.8%, d33~2100pC/N, kt~58%, and k33~90%, some of these values are comparable to those of ~PZN–PT single crystals. The strain–electric-field curve with a maximum strain of 0.49% at a field of 7kV/cm and well-saturated hysteresis loops with a Pr~32 mC/cm2 were recorded. The results demonstrate that the directional solidification method is a promising technique to fabricate high performance grain-oriented PZN–PT ceramics.

A new process was developed for fabrication of multiferroic 1-3 type nanostructured composite films. In this process, eletrodeposition method was adopted to prepare the arrays of cobalt nanowires as ferromagnetic composition. The images, phase structure and magnetic properties were characterized by SEM, XRD and VSM, respectively. The results showed that applying magnetic field during electrodepostion process could improve the alignment and height uniformity of nanowires arrays, inducing (002)-orientation growth. The PZT (53/47) precursor solution prepared for ferroelectric composition was infiltrated the spaces between nanowires. After annealed at 700 °C for 20 min, the 1-3 type multiferroic composite film was achieved. Preliminary results show this technique to have the potential to become a practical fabrication process for 1-3 type multiferroic composite films.

The spatial and temporal distribution of phenanthrene were examined with indoor simulation experiments to study the transportation and transformation of phenathrene in the groundwater aquifer. The result showed that non-point pollution of PAHs is easily formed because of the effects of PAHs pollution’s convection and dispersion along with groundwater. The experiment about relationship between pH, Eh, conductivity and pollution plume of phenathrene revealed that variation trend of pH and conductivity are the same. Yet Eh variation is just contrary as the average rising ratios were 0.194 mv/d and 0.163 mv/d, respectively. The natural attenuation of phenanthrene pollutants in aquifer is obvious for the initial 80 days. The three stages about variation of phenanthrene in groundwater aquifer were slow decline stage (stage I), rapid decline stage (stage II) and stationary stage (III stage). The removal rate of phenanthrene by aquifer is 37.2 %, which adapts to stage II concerning groundwater remediation.

New node deployment is inevitable in a wireless sensor network because nodes in the network may be lost, exhausted, or destroyed. To secure the new node deployment process, Kim and Lee (2009) proposed an enhanced novel access control protocol (ENACP) using the elliptic curve cryptography and the hash chain. We identified an inherent flaw in their design and demonstrated that ENACP is vulnerable to a new node masquerading attack and a legal node masquerading attack, in violation of their security claims. We hope that by identifying this design flaw, similar structural mistakes can be avoided in future designs. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Objective To observe the effects of serum containing Xiaotan Sanjie Decoction, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45. Methods After coculturing MKN-45 cells with low-, medium- and high-dose Xiaotan Sanjie Decoction-containing serum, inverted microscope was utilized to observe morphological changes and counting chamber was used to count the MKN-45 cells; the proliferation of MKN-45 cells was determined by cell counting kit 8; Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double label method was used to detect apoptosis rate of MKN-45 cells. Results Xiaotan Sanjie Decoction-containing serum significantly inhibited the proliferation of MKN-45 cells. The typical morphological changes of apoptotic MKN-45 cells were observed after treating with Xiaotan Sanjie Decoction-containing serum. The cell apoptosis was also observed by flow cytometry and the apoptosis rates of medium- and high-dose Xiaotan Sanjie Decoction-containing serum groups were higher than that of low-dose group. Conclusion Xiaotan Sanjie Decoction-containing serum can inhibit the MKN-45 cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis, which provides an experimental evidence for its treatment of human gastric cancer.

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 materials doped with boron family Al3+, Ga3+ and In3+ are prepared by a ceramic process. The specimens possess condense microstructures. A low dielectric loss is achieved in the sample doped with In3+. Dielectric constants increase with decrease of the radii of doped ions. The results are discussed with respect to the interaction between oxygen ions and ions at B-site in ABO3 perovskite, which is revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum.

To explore the mechanisms of Xiaotan Sanjie Decoction (XTSJD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in inhibiting the tumor growth and preventing recurrence by testing the protein expressions of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and its receptors chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) and chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) in gastric tumor xenografts and gastric tissue adjacent to the tumor in mice.Fifty Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group, normal saline (NS) group, Heat-clearing and Detoxicating Decoction (HCDD) group, tegafur (FT-207) group and XTSJD group. Except for mice in the normal group, S180 tumor block was transplanted into the gastric walls of the mice, and the mice were administered with corresponding medicine for 3 weeks. Weight of tumor xenografts was measured and tumor inhibition rate was calculated. IL-8 protein expression was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expressions of CXCR1 and CXCR2 were tested by immunohistochemical method.The protein expressions of IL-8 and its receptors in tumor xenografts and gastric tissue adjacent to the tumor were markedly higher than those in the gastric tissue in normal mice (P0.01); compared with HCDD and FT-207, XTSJD could significantly decrease the IL-8 protein expression in tumor xenografts and gastric tissue adjacent to the tumor (P0.05); compared with FT-207, XTSJD could significantly decrease the CXCR1 protein expression in tumor xenografts (P0.01), and XTSJD could also significantly decrease the CXCR1 protein expression in gastric tissue adjacent to the tumor as compared with HCDD and FT-207 (P0.01); compared with HCDD and FT-207, XTSJD could significantly decrease the CXCR2 protein expression in tumor xenografts (P0.01), and there was no significant difference among the three drug-treated groups in CXCR2 protein expression in gastric tissue adjacent to the tumor (P0.05).XTSJD can decrease the protein expressions of IL-8 and its receptors in tumor xenografts and gastric tissue adjacent to the tumor. It may be one of the mechanisms of XTSJD in inhibiting the tumor growth and preventing recurrence.

Figure 4 contained an error. "Diffie-Hellman key" in step 1c' of Figure 4 should be changed to "Diffie-Hellman keys". The original article was corrected.

We concentrate our attention on the computational efficiency analysis of the multi-exponentiation algorithm using Yang et al.'s BSD representation, which is the generalization of Dimitrov et al.'s BSD representation. Our theoretical results are that the average number of multiplications is at least 1.527n by Yang et al.'s BSD representation and 1.537n by Dimitrov et al.'s BSD representation, where n is the bit-length of the exponents.

In the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 55, no. 6, Juang et al.proposed a password-authenticated key agreement scheme using smart cards. Although the scheme of Juang et al. has many benefits, we find that it suffers from three weaknesses: 1) inability of the password-changing operation; 2) the session-key problem; and 3) inefficiency of the double secret keys. Therefore, we propose an improved scheme to overcome the weaknesses and maintain the benefits of the original scheme. In addition, our improved scheme reduces the storage and computation costs on the smart card compared with the scheme of Juang et al. We believe that our improved scheme is more suitable for real-life applications than that of Juang et al.

Increasingly, today's mobile devices provide users a high level of convenience and flexibility. But, mobile devices are vulnerable to theft and loss, greatly increasing the likelihood of exposing sensitive data. To address this problem, Corner and Noble gave the concept of transient authentication and built a wearable token system, called ZIA system. In this paper, we design a new wearable token system using the idea of transient authentication. Our system not only preserves the same security characteristics as ZIA system, but also is more effective than ZIA system. In our system, careful key management and prudent communication mechanism allow significant performance enhancements. Due to the power constraint of the wearable token and the wireless link, the lower the costs are, the greater the chance of success the wearable token system has in practical implementation.

Very few solutions are known to protect the modular exponentiation for single-chip devices against simple power analysis (SPA) attacks. In this paper, we present a model approach to address the power analysis problem. Using the model approach, we propose a modular exponentiation algorithm, which is secure under the SPA model. Compared with the known solutions, the proposed algorithm is more suitable for real-life applications .

Very recently, for speeding up the computation of modular multi-exponentiation, Wu et al. presented a fast algorithm combining the complement recoding method and the minimal weight binary signed-digit representation technique. They claimed that the proposed algorithm reduced the number of modular multiplications from 1.503k to 1.306k on average, where the value k is the maximum bit-length of two exponents. However, in this paper, we show that their claim is unwarranted. We analyze the computational efficiency of Wu et al.’s algorithm by modeling it as a Markov chain. Our main result is that Wu et al.’s algorithm requires 1.471k modular multiplications on average.

Trust in social learning environment is influenced greatly by rapid-changing social elements. Therefore it is necessary for us to improve the KeyNote trust model to adapt the dynamic user behavior in social learning. In this paper, we mainly devote ourselves to the work of building a dynamic trust model based on indirect trust relationship. We take advantage of KeyNote to build the dynamic trust model, in which we use an indirect trust algorithm to calculate the trust value of indirect trust relationship. In this way, we can get the trust values of entities in the social learning network by indirect link. Finally our experimental results prove that this dynamic trust management model can deal with the dynamically changing relationship, and calculate user trust value by monitoring user behavior to realize the function of dynamically managing user access.

When the lengths of the operators are at least 1024 binary or 300 decimal digits, modular exponentiation can be time-consuming and is often the dominant part of the computation in many computer algebra systems. The prime approach on this computational problem is known as the square-and-multiply method, which includes two versions, i.e. the left-to-right binary algorithm and the right-to-left binary algorithm. For the past years, too many attentions have been paid to propose the fast modular exponentiation methods based on the left-to-right binary algorithm. However, extremely few attentions have been paid on developing the fast modular exponentiation methods based on the right-to-left binary algorithm. In this paper, we propose a t -fold exponent method based on the right-to-left binary algorithm. From the performance view, our t -fold exponent method is similar to the m -ary method based on the left-to-right binary algorithm. From the structure view, our t -fold exponent method offers a framework for the fast modular exponentiation methods based on the right-to-left binary algorithm. More important, it is the first but steady step to develop the fast modular exponentiation methods based on the right-to-left binary algorithm.

Ethonopharmacological relevance Cancer is considered to be the second leading cause of human death. It is unsatisfactory that in the past decades, the treatment for cancer has not progressed as fast as it was expected, as only 50% of newly diagnosed patients could be cured even today. The development of cancer is a multifactorial process, involving tumor cells themselves, the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironments, as well as the interactions between tumor cells and the host׳s immunity. Focusing on any single goal may bring limited benefits. Aim and methods of the study Phlegm-eliminating herbs, which can reduce phlegm and eliminate pathological metabolites, are commonly used to treat cancer in China. However, the underlying molecular targets and efficacy of herbal medicines in cancer treatment still remain unclear. In this study, we reviewed the potential anticancer mechanisms of some phlegm-eliminating herbs and their active ingredients from the articles through such scientific databases as MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Results We found that the anticancer mechanisms of phlegm-eliminating herbs and ingredients include inducing apoptosis, anti-proliferation, preventing tumor invasion and metastasis, and reducing resistance to chemotherapy. In addition, some phlegm-eliminating herbs and their ingredients have anti-inflammatory and anti-metabolic syndrome effects. Conclusions We suggest that the phlegm-eliminating herbs and ingredients are potential candidates for anticancer treatment and cancer prevention by playing a comprehensive role.

To provide non-repudiation of the user's public key, Lee et al. proposed an improved public key authentication scheme for cryptosystems based on discrete logarithms in 2003. However, we demonstrate that a dishonest user can forge the public key via the verification equation. Therefore, this scheme cannot achieve the non-repudiation service like its previous versions.

High purity BaTiO3 single crystal was aged below its Curie temperature for different times. The reverse transformation (from tetragonal to cubic) temperature was measured precisely by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was observed that the reverse transformation temperature increased with increasing aging time, indicating ferroelectric phase became stable with aging. This behavior is the same as found in ferroelastic alloys. The origin of the stabilization effect in ferroelectric single crystals was discussed with respect to the distribution of point defects.

Microstructure and dielectric properties of relaxor ferroelectrics in the solid solution, formulated 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 + 2 mol% RE (RE = Sm, Nd, Yb or Ce), have been investigated. The effects of these dopants on microstructure, maximum dielectric constant (Kmax) and degree of ordering, etc. have been studied. It was found that doping of Sm, Nd and Ce reduced Kmax from 23924 to 14921, 13466 and 12511 respectively, while the doping of Yb increased Kmax to 27759. The variation of Kmax is analyzed according to grain size, domain structure and order–disorder behavior. Diffuseness of the phase transition is calculated to indicate order–disorder behavior, which is roughly opposite to that of Kmax. The present results show that order–disorder behavior is the key factor on Kmax of PMN–PT ceramics near morphotropic phase boundary.