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This paper proposes a modified distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with the voltage controller. The modified DSTATCOM is incorporated in a three-phase four-wire distribution network. The design criteria of the modified DSTATCOM parameters is introduced. The Hysteresis Voltage Controller (HVC) is used to drive the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) and its reference voltage signal is generated based on the Instantaneous Symmetrical Components Theory (ISCT) to provide the proper compensation to stabilise the system voltage, improve the power factor and mitigate the harmonic distortion. Matlab/Simulink software is used to verify the performance of the modified DSTATCOM with the used controller under different load types and supply voltage conditions. The control algorithm ensures that the bus voltage is maintained at its rated value during different connected loads and supply conditions. Also, it compensates the non-linear and unbalanced supply currents and reducing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of both current and voltage. The proposed modified DSTATCOM gives better results in comparison with the conventional DSTATCOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microgrids (MGs) have emerged throughout the world as the major means of integrating a variety of distributed energy resource (DER) technologies into the distribution system. These DER technologies are mostly coupled through electronic power converters (EPCs). This fact has created new operation challenges as these converter-interfaced DERs could compromise the MG stability, reliability, and resilience margins. On the other hand, induction motor-type loads (IMs) are dynamic loads with the greatest incidence in distribution grids. Air conditioning (A/C) type loads have IMs among their components. IMs demand considerable amounts of reactive power for their correct operation. In particular, when there are disturbances in MGs with high penetration of these types of loads, the phenomenon of fault-induced delay voltage recovery (FIDVR) occurs. This phenomenon causes problems with the dynamic voltage stability (DVS) due to the deficit and inability to supply reactive power of the DERs generator park composing the MG, which could lead to a voltage collapse. To face these new issues, this work proposes an approach to incorporate flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controllers, such as an SVC and a DSTATCOM, into the grid as reactive power supply resources for improving the microgrid dynamic voltage stability. The proposal includes the design, optimal location, and dynamic modeling of FACTS devices aiming at enhancing MG operation resilience. For validation of the developed methodology, an MG test system reported in the literature and a real microgrid system of the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador have been used. The results demonstrated the superiority of DSTATCOM over SVC in enhancing DVS, FIDVR mitigation, and consequently operational resilience.

This research study explains the design and performance of a Static VAR Compensator (SVC) coupled Hybrid Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) for low voltage power distribution system (PDS). A comparative analysisis done between Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)-based DSTATCOM and SVC Hybrid DSTATCOM using Jordan Least Mean Square (JLMS) algorithm to alleviate the shunt-related power quality (PQ) glitches. The specific design is obtained as compared to the existing neural network toolbox algorithm to improve the estimation speed and accuracy. The main objective is to extract the tuned weighted values of fundamental active and reactive power components of distorted load currents for the switching signal generation using an adaptive JLMS algorithm.Several functions of DSTATCOM and hybrid DSTATCOM using this JLMS controller are showcased for harmonics curtailment, power factor (p.f.) improvement, load balancing, voltage regulation, etc. Simulation results on an SVC Hybrid DSTATCOM have shown an acceptable level of performance under unbalanced loading situations. Finally, some comparative results are provided to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the suggested topology.

The development of non-linear loads at consumers has significantly impacted power supply systems. Since, the poor power quality has been found in the three-phase distribution system due to unbalanced loads, harmonic current, undesired voltage regulation, and extreme reactive power demand. To overcome this issue, Distributed STATicCOMpensator (DSTATCOM) is implemented. DSTATCOM is a shunt-connected Voltage Source Converter (VSC) that has been utilized in distribution networks to balance the bus voltage in terms of enhancing reactive power control and power factor. DSTATCOM can provide both rapid and continuous capacitive and inductive mode compensation. A rectified resistive and inductive load eliminates current harmonics in a three-phase power supply. The synchronous fundamental DQ frame is a time-domain approach developed from three-phase system space vector transformations has been designed using MATLAB/Simulink. The DQ theory is used to produce the reference signal for the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generator. In addition, a traditional Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is designed and compared with proposed soft computing approaches such as Fuzzy-PID and Artificial Neural Network (ANN-PID) and compared accurate reference current determination for Direct Current (DC) bus through DC link. An Analytical explores the proposed control strategies given to establish superior outcomes. Finally, total harmonic distortion analysis should be taken for performance analysis of the proposed system with IEEE standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power quality (PQ) improvement employing appropriate intelligent controllers is identified as a suitable solution for the dependable, safe, and stable operation in the electric utility systems (EUS). Hence, this paper proposes new types of neural network (NN) based Greedy Least Mean Square (GLMS) controllers for distributed static compensators (DSTATCOM). First, the EUS is developed by considering current source-based non linear load using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Next, both controllers are implemented by their own learning principle using embedded systems toolboxes. The proposed scheme combines different weighting factors like step size, learning rate and convergence factor to achieve the approximate tuned weight. Then, the final weighting components are achieved by adding DC and AC PI controller weights corresponding to the mean value of active/reactive weight of load currents for the triggering pattern. The proposed control algorithm provides a precise control for the system by maintaining reduced voltage across the self-braced capacitor as compared to the Adaptive Least Mean Square (ALMS) controller. The other PQ merits like better voltage regulation, load balancing, total harmonic distortion (THD) suppression, and power factor (P.F) improvement are attained. Finally, experimental results obtained from the proposed controller fulfill all the shunt-related PQ requirements as per IEEE benchmark for the different case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a nature-based optimization technique for optimal control and performance enhancement of a single-phase robust least mean logarithmic square driven (RLMLS) grid connected voltage source converter (VSC) in a distribution system with the aim of feeding continuous power to the grid. Water cycle algorithm (WCA) is employed to tune the proportional-integral (PI) controller parameters of VSC to regulate DC link voltage fluctuations owing to dynamic load conditions. This results in generation of accurate loss component of current ( I loss ) to improve the performance of VSC. The VSC acts as an active power filter and counters various power quality (PQ) problems viz; poor power factor, grid-side harmonics and reactive power burden. The pulses for the VSC are acquired by employing RLMLS control, which ensures relatively superior convergence performance and reduced computational complexity owing to its simple architecture. The proposed control demonstrates the unique property of adaptability during disconnection and reconnection of load from the system. Significantly, this work depicts the system operation under abnormal conditions of the distribution network like load decrement and increment, load disconnection and reconnection, voltage sag and swell. The suggested system is corroborated with the help of a grid integrated laboratory prototype with a maximum operating rating of 2 kW at 230 V, 20A. The operating power level is 200W, 4A at 50 V (rms) with the transformer connected to the grid. Extensive simulation and experimental results obtained on a DSP dSPACE 1104 controller verify the effectiveness of the proposed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main concerns with electrical distribution networks are the degradation of power quality. The main culprit behind this problem is non-linear technology, specifically switching devices and power electronics converters. Power supply efficiency, system efficacy, power factor loss, etc. Are all adversely impacted by non- linearity. It is necessary to compensate for the reactive power since it has increased as a result of the power factor drop and does not contribute to the transmission of energy. In this project, Artificial Intelligence based controllers have been proposed for improving Power Quality in Grid connected Distribution System. This is used to reduce the harmonics of current and other correlated power quality issues caused by reactive power. With the aid of the MATLAB/ SIMULINK toolkit, these control approaches are to be simulated. In this paper, we examine whether ANN or ANFIS is the most appropriate method.

Over the last decade, flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) have been crucial in ensuring optimal power distribution within modern power systems. A vital component of FACTS devices is the distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), which is essential for maintaining a reliable power supply. It is commonly used for reactive power compensation, voltage regulation, and harmonic reduction. Determining the appropriate size and placement of DSTATCOMs is vital to ensuring their efficiency. This study introduces the improved gray wolf optimizer (I-GWO), a refined version of the classical gray wolf optimization (GWO) method. The I-GWO incorporates a dimension learning-based hunting (DLH) strategy to preserve population diversity, balance exploration and exploitation, and prevent the premature convergence of classical GWO. In this research, the I-GWO was applied to determine the optimum allocation and sizing of the DSTATCOMs, considering system constraints, including those presented by the intermittent and stochastic nature of the load and renewable energy resources, specifically wind and solar energy. The suggested approach was successfully tested on 33-, 69-, and 85-bus distribution systems and then compared with existing studies. The results demonstrated the I-GWO-based approach’s superiority in terms of reducing power losses, improving voltage profiles, and enhancing voltage stability.

Due to the non-linear nature of most of the loads, there is a greater demand for reactive power in the distribution network. Further, it wasted high energy on distribution and dropped the bus voltages. The integration of the distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) mechanism into the power distribution sector increases load capacity, compensates reactive power, and reduces power losses while enhancing the voltage profile and stability. This research utilized the improved bacterial foraging search algorithm (IBFA) for the optimum sizing and placement of the DSTATCOM in the distribution sector to minimize power losses and improve voltage stability and profile. The power flow model is developed using the back-forward load flow technique. The outputs obtained are compared with those from the conventional bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) and the base case scenario. The optimum size of DSTATCOM computed is 3697.3kVAr with the optimal placement at bus 19. The percentage drop in power losses obtained with the installation of DSTATCOM using an improved bacterial search algorithm (IBFA) is 49.021% as compared to the base case scenario. Similarly, the IBFA approach resulted in a 12.8% enhancement in voltage stability and a 3.32% improvement in voltage profile as compared to the base case scenario. The results obtained clearly indicate the efficiency and applicability of the applied IBFA technique to the optimum placing and sizing of DSTATCOM in the radial power distribution sector for minimizing power loss and improving the voltage profile and stability.

Modern electrical power systems now require the spread of microgrids (MG), where they would be operating in either islanded mode or grid-connected mode. An inherent mismatch between loads and sources is introduced by changeable high renewable share in an islanded MG system with stochastic load demands. The system frequency is directly impacted by this mismatch, which can be alleviated by incorporating cutting-edge energy storage technologies and FACTS tools. The investigated islanded MG system components are wind farm, solar PV, Electric vehicles (EVs), loads, DSTATCOM, and diesel power generator. An aggregated EVs model is connected to the MG during uncertain periods of the generation of renewable energy (PV and wind) to support the performance of MGs. The ability to support ancillary services from the EVs is checked. DSTATCOM is used to provide voltage stability for the MG during congestion situations. The MG is studied in three scenarios: the first scenario MG without EVs and DSTATCOM, the second scenario MG without DSTATCOM, and the third scenario MG with all components. These scenarios are addressed to show the role of EVs and DSTATCOM, and the results in the third scenario are the best. The system voltage and frequency profile is the best in the last scenario and is entirely satisfactory and under the range of the IEEE standard. The obtained results show that both EVs and DSTATCOM are important units for improving the stability of modern power grids. The Matlab/Simulink program is considered for checking and validating the dynamic performance of the proposed configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present day power systems, Power Quality (PQ) issues are causing great concern owing to the increased use of power electronic controlled drives and fluctuating and other non-linear loads. This problem is further aggravated by a steady increase in the integration of renewable energy-based Distribution Generation (DG), employing power electronic converters to distribution systems. Custom power devices with suitable control strategies provide an effective solution to these power quality issues. In this work, a typical three-phase distribution system supplying non-linear load and with DG integration is considered. A shunt connected DSTATCOM at PCC of the system is employed to mitigate power quality concerns. Initially, a parallel-VSI based DSTATCOM configuration, employing individual DC-Link and working basically on the principle of current sharing, has been proposed. The analysis is carried out for variable load conditions for PQ enhancement making use of a more effective control theory viz. Instantaneous Real-Reactive Power (IRP) theory for the generation of suitable switching patterns to the individual VSIs of the parallel DSTATCOM. Further, an improvement over the above configuration viz. combined/common DC-Link-fed parallel DSTATCOM is proposed. This configuration has the advantages of minimized sensing elements, reliable operation and low-cost compensation. A similar analysis is carried out for PQ improvement, making use of the same IRP theory with some modifications (known as MIRP theory). The effectiveness of this configuration is established from the simulation results. In all the above cases, the analyses are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink platform and the simulation results are presented in detail. Thus, the proposed parallel VSIs-based DSTATCOM configurations employing suitable control strategies provide effective solutions for power quality issues under varying load conditions in conventional distribution systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the problem of controlling a three-phase three-wire photovoltaic (PV)-type distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). In order to model, simulate, and control the system, the MATLAB/SIMULINK tool was used. Different controllers were applied to create switching pulses for the IGBT-based voltage source converter (VSC) for the mitigation of various power quality issues in the PV-DSTATCOM. Traditional control algorithms guarantee faultless execution or outcomes only for a restricted range of operating situations due to their present design. Alternative regulators depend on more resilient neural network and fuzzy logic algorithms that may be programmed to operate in a variety of settings. In this study, an adaptive linear neural network (ADALINE) was proposed to solve the control problem more efficiently than the existing methods. The ADALINE method was simulated and the results were compared with the results of the synchronous reference frame theory (SRFT), improved linear sinusoidal tracer (ILST), and backpropagation (BP) algorithms. The simulation results showed that the proposed ADALINE method outperformed the compared algorithms. In addition, the total harmonic distortions (THDs) of the source current were estimated under ideal grid voltage conditions based on IEEE-929 and IEEE-519 guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EMERG: Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization is the property of Romanian National Committee of World Energy Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Power loss and malfunctioning of equipment due to current and voltage harmonics produced by nonlinear loads are major concerns for both power suppliers and consumers. This paper employs DSTATCOM to mitigate these harmonic distortions in distribution systems. DSTATCOM is a current controlled voltage source PWM converter with passive components. It supplies compensating current that eliminates current harmonics and provides reactive power compensation thereby providing a smooth source current. The performance of DSTATCOM is controlled using proportional integral and fuzzy logic–based control (FLC) schemes to improve power quality at dynamic loading. As the penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in energy production is significant, the power quality issues for PV-integrated systems have also been investigated. The maximum power point for a PV array is tracked using perturb and observe and FLC methods. The complete system is simulated in MATLAB and extensively investigated for a large range of balanced and unbalanced nonlinear load conditions. The simulation results are validated in real time through the hardware in loop (HIL) test bench using Opal-RT controller. The proposed PV-integrated DSTATCOM with FLC yields better performance in terms of DC link voltage settling time, total harmonics distortion, and smooth source current as compared to other schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern electric grid usages extensive non-linear loads leading to the increased harmonic current injection in the system. This paper proposes a data-driven algorithm based on a sparse decomposition approach with the Overcomplete Hybrid Dictionary (OHD) and provides in-depth mathematical analysis to detect and mitigate harmonics in emerging electric power systems. The sparse decomposition method is widely used in image processing applications with significant advantages to big-data applications. However, its application is not properly addressed in electric grids’ applications despite massive data generation in a smart grid environment. Hence, in this paper, the performance evaluation of a sparse decomposition-based algorithm using a greedy approach is proposed and carried out in a real-time simulation environment for Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) application for the real-time detection, classification, and mitigation of PQ events to show its suitability and effectiveness. Finally, the experimental results on a small-scale laboratory setup are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed sparse-based control algorithm for DSTATCOM in real-time applications. The comparative result shows that the proposed sparse-based method is advantageous for off-line PQ signal processing and capable of real-time detection, classification, and control of the power apparatus for harmonics mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The proposed CLMS with FOPI controller improves power quality in a single-stage DSTATCOM for a PV-integrated grid. • The proposed CLMS algorithm eliminates distortions and adapts to irradiance changes via continuously updated adaptive weights. • The designed FOPI controllers regulate the DC-link voltage effectively. • The THDs of the grid current have been reduced, ensuring improved power quality in PV-integrated grid. A control technique for the single-stage solar photovoltaic-distribution static compensator (PV-DSTATCOM) integrated to a three-phase grid is presented in this article. The continuous-time adaptive Least Mean Square (CLMS) algorithm with Fractional Order Proportional Integral (FOPI) controller has been proposed to control the DSTATCOM. Perturb and Observe-based Maximum Power Point Tracking yields peak power production from the solar photovoltaic array. The precise control of PV-DSTATCOM by the proposed CLMS with FOPI controller has improved the power quality of the grid. This is achieved by utilizing the proposed algorithm's capability to effectively track the time-varying nature of irradiance and load changes, adjust weighting factors, and minimize errors. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate its superior performance in optimizing system behavior under intermittent sunlight, nonlinearity, and load imbalances. The grid current has been sinusoidally balanced with reduced total harmonic distortion and meets IEEE-519 standards in both steady-state and dynamic situations. The proposed CLMS with FOPI controller performs better than other methods in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A droop controlled microgrid with distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is developed to improve the power quality in this study. Due to the reactive power/voltage Q-V droop characteristic and the existence of the unbalanced, linear inductive and nonlinear loads, the power quality problems, including the voltage drop, unbalanced currents, lagging power factor (PF) and current harmonics, are very serious in the islanded microgrid. Moreover, owing to the instantaneous power following into or out of the DC-link capacitor of the DSTATCOM under load variation, the performance of the DSTATCOM for power quality improvement is seriously degenerated. Hence, to effectively improve the power quality of the droop controlled microgrid and the transient response of the DC-link voltage of the DSTATCOM under load variation, an online trained polynomial petri fuzzy neural network (PPFNN) controller is firstly proposed as the DC-link voltage controller to supersede the conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller in the DSTATCOM. The network structure and the online learning strategy of the proposed PPFNN are detailedly derived. Finally, the effectiveness of the DSTATCOM using the proposed PPFNN controller to improve the unbalanced currents, the total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction of the current and to compensate the reactive power for the voltage support and PF correction in the droop controlled microgrid is certified.

The three-phase DSTATCOM is prone to higher dynamics due to grid disturbances. The proportionate affine projection algorithm (PAPA) is an adaptive filter that can be used for DSTATCOM control. In order to overcome the sluggish convergence speed of adaptive filters, PAPA is proposed in this paper. The convergence rate versus the steady-state error is a trade-off in conventional adaptive filters. However, the utilization of two adaptive filters in CSS-PAPA increases the convergence and decreases the steady-state error. The suggested filter has the advantage of having a lower computational cost than a standard adaptive filter. The proposed filter helps the inverter to work as a shunt compensator. The goal of the suggested controller is to adjust for reactive power and unity power factor during faulty conditions. The proposed DSTATCOM controller has undergone experimental validation in the laboratory.

This paper presents the shunt compensation performance of quasi-Z-source inverter (QZSI) and back to back connected QZSIs (BB-QZSI) to address the power quality (PQ) issues in the three-phase three-wire power utility network (PUN). Generally, these PQ issues are poor voltage regulation, low power factor (PF), source current distortion, unbalanced voltage, etc. The proposed BBQZSI-based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) consists of two QZSIs with a common dc-link capacitor. Because the QZSI could achieve buck/boost conversion as well as DC to AC inversion in a single-stage and the back to back configuration decreases the system down time cost (if a fault occurs in one QZSI the other can continue the shunt compensation). Particularly, icos ϕ control algorithmcontrol algorithm is implemented to generate proper switching pulses for the switches of DSTATCOM. The effectiveness of the BB-QZSI is verified through simulation studies over QZSI using MATLAB/Simulink software satisfying the recommended grid code.

With the rapid advancement of the technology, deep learning supported voltage source converter (VSC)-based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM) for power quality (PQ) improvement has attracted significant interest due to its high accuracy. In this paper, six subnets are structured for the proposed deep learning approach (DL-Approach) algorithm by using its own mathematical equations. Three subnets for active and the other three for reactive weight components are used to extract the fundamental component of the load current. These updated weights are utilised for the generation of the reference source currents for VSC. Hysteresis current controllers (HCCs) are employed in each phase in which generated switching signal patterns need to be carried out from both predicted reference source current and actual source current. As a result, the proposed technique achieves better dynamic performance, less computation burden and better estimation speed. Consequently, the results were obtained for different loading conditions using MATLAB/Simulink software. Finally, the feasibility was effective as per the benchmark of IEEE guidelines in response to harmonics curtailment, power factor (p.f) improvement, load balancing and voltage regulation.

The work delineated in this paper deals with the reduced sensor-based operation of PV-DSTATCOM (Photovoltaic distribution static compensator) focusing on the voltage source inverter (VSI) switch current limiting control. In this study, the soft computing technique of PV-DSTATCOM control based on the variable leaky least mean square (VLLMS) algorithm is modified to incorporate both reduced sensor and switch current limiting schemes. DSTATCOM is predominantly introduced to improve current related power quality issues by providing non-real power (i.e., the reactive and harmonic component) of the load demand. However, during uncertain increase in the non-real power requirement at the load end due to sudden change in the load demand or any other transient conditions, the non-real current injected by the DSTATCOM may increase to a level which is beyond the current handling capacity of the DSTATCOM switches. As a consequence, the switches may become permanently damaged and, subsequently, the performance of the DSTATCOM will deteriorate. Hence, the current through the VSI switches can be limited by controlling the amount of non-real power flow from the DSTATCOM. During this transient or high current condition, the control transits from power quality improvement mode to protection mode. As a result, unity power factor operation at P.C.C (common point of coupling) is compromised for that period or few cycles of transient condition. Moreover, the efficient operation of any control demands proper information about the current and the voltage of the system, which are determined by sensors. However, the faults in these sensors may deteriorate the controller performance and degrade the system efficacy. Therefore, to mitigate this issue, the numbers of measurement units are reduced i.e., the measurement of current in only two phases for load as well as grid, and the measurement of line voltages using two voltage sensors instead of three sensors for each phase. The reduction of sensors is accomplished without compromising the controller efficiency. Further, the system is studied using MATLAB/Simulink under different condition of steady- state, varying solar irradiance, increasing load above rated capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an improved cascaded second-order generalized integrator (I-CSOGI) controlled photovoltaic system (PVS), which functions as an islanded system during grid interruption without energy storage. Here, a single-stage PVS structure is used, simplifying the control by automatically regulating the PV array operating point and dc-link voltage during the grid outage. The I-CDSOGI algorithm is exercised to determine the sensed voltages angle, frequency, and harmonics free positive sequence components of the sensed voltages and load currents. The advantage of the presented I-CDSOGI over the existing CDSOGI algorithm is that the gain of its frequency-locked loop is changed adaptively. It reduces the spurious change in the frequency during the sudden phase jump, which is experienced by the load voltages during synchronization. Hence, the repeated tripping of the power electronics switches, which isolates the PVS from the local grid, is reduced, and smooth synchronization is achieved. Furthermore, the cascading of two second order generalized integrator (SOGI) blocks eliminates the dc offset from the sensed signals and boosts the overall harmonics rejection capability, which enhances the angle and frequency estimation performance. A comparison is made to showcase the benefits of I-CSOGI compared with the existing SOGI-based methods in the PVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are widely used for its advantage over other schemes, as it enables the connection to the grid even during faults and provides reactive power compensation. However, transient stability of DFIG and low voltage ride through (LVRT) remained an area of improvement. In this paper, a hybrid approach is proposed to improve the efficiency of the DFIG WECS using grey wolf-optimized distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC). Extensive simulation analysis was performed considering design parameters as an objective function. The optimal values of proportional–integral (PI) coefficients were found to minimize the objective function. Using MATLAB, time-domain simulations were carried to confirm the efficiency of the optimized control system. Simulation results further confirm that the combination of TCSC and DSTATCOM may be considered as a promising scheme to enhance fault ride through (FRT) capability of WECS during the normal and unstable conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid renewable energy harvesting and grid integration system has been proposed and validated in this work. The proposed system uses a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) and a Solar Photo Voltaic Energy Conversion System (SPVECS). The WECS uses Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) driven by a wind turbine. The variable frequency and variable voltage output of PMSG is rectified by Diode Bridge Rectifier (DBR) and stepped up by Super Lift Luo Converter (SLLC 1), and finally, the harvested wind energy is delivered to the Direct Current (DC) link of a Distributed Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM). Further, SPV energy is harvested by using PV modules and voltage is stepped up by another SLLC (SSLC 2), and the harvested PV energy is brought to the DC link of DSTATCOM. The DSTATCOM extends real and reactive power support to the load. The various subsystems of the proposed system have been modelled in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) Simulink environment and analyzed their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an improved variant of nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the pollination process of flowering plants called improved flower pollination algorithm (IFPA) is utilized for solving the optimal allocation of capacitor banks (CBs) and distribution-static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) problem considering electric vehicle (EV) load growth. In IFPA, a new double-direction learning strategy to advance local searching capacity, a novel dynamic switching probability method to balance global and local searching, and a new greedy technique to increase population diversity. A multi-objective function is formulated for minimizing the real power loss and installation cost of CBs/DSTATCOM. The search space of the multiple CBs/DSTATCOMs is primarily reduced using voltage stability index (VSI) and later the best locations and sizes of CBs/DSTATCOMs are determined by implementing IFPA. The proposed hybrid VSI-FPA approach is applied to solve the DSTATCOM allocation problem in standard IEEE 33-bus radial distribution systems (RDS). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is compared with the similar types of heuristic approaches in the literature. The comparative results shown that the IFPA is outperformed than other algorithms by providing minimum losses, reduced installation cost, and consequently improved voltage profile as well as voltage stability irrespective of EV load growth via allocating the CBs/DSTATCOM optimally in the RDS. The basic network profited from CBs and DSTATCOMs by a loss reduction of 34.71% and 29.50%, respectively, according to the results. The loss, on the other hand, increases to 88.69 percent when the network is filled with 50% EV load. With CBs and DSTATCOMs, however, the higher losses are just 37.07% and 37.26%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backward/forward load flow algorithm is commonly used in the power system, particularly in radial distribution networks. However, the rapid development in the power electronics technologies makes power systems more flexible with the integration of Renewable Energy Resources (RESs) and compensation devices. Consequently, this paper presents simple models for wind turbine generators based on Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG) and Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) into a backward/forward load flow algorithm. In the wind generator model, the mechanical powers are collected from the manufactures data where the electrical power is calculated through the SCIG equivalent circuit and injected as negative loads at the connected buses. The second model in this paper is the DSTATCOM devices which are utilized to recover the SCIG reactive power. In the proposed model, the connected DSTATCOM bus is converted to a voltage-controlled bus (PV-bus type) with zero active power. Moreover, the reactive power of the DSTATCOM is updated during the iterative process until the load flow convergence. The simplified models for both wind generators and DSTATCOM are validated based on standard IEEE 33-bus and 85-bus radial distribution systems. The obtained results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distribution Static Compensators (DSTATCOMs) are considered to be one of the most cost-effective modern devices for reactive compensation in distribution networks. However, the DSTATCOMs sizing and their deployment position are important factors to consider in order to get the most out of their installation. This study proposes the use of the Ant-Lion Optimization Algorithm (ALOA) for the appropriate allocation of the DSTATCOM with the goal of maximization of the cost-benefit derived from the reduction in the cost of power purchased from the transmission grid less the DSTATCOM cost for the distribution networks in order to find its appropriate allocation. The suggested technique is tested on a Nigerian Dada 46-bus system as well as an IEEE 33 bus. The simulation results for the IEEE 33-bus system reveal that the cost benefits of $ 100,601, $ 108,212, and $ 89,422 were actualized for one, two, and three DSTATCOMs allocations, respectively, while the figures for the Dada 46-bus system were $ 482,166, $ 574,546, and $ 531,415, respectively. In terms of real power loss in the IEEE 33-bus, the suggested method was determined to be quite effective for DSTATCOM allocation when compared to similar studies in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper expresses about comparative power quality analysis in between conventional and proposed control techniques of DSTATCOM under different loading conditions. The goal of DSTATCOM is to reduce power quality problems that occur due to an unbalanced load, nonlinear load, power electronics based load, and polluted grid. The performances of DSTATCOM are different in the different control techniques. Three conventional and one proposed control techniques have been employed in the DSTATCOM. Synchronous reference frame (SRF), sliding mode control (SMC), and ADALINE based LMS control are the conventional techniques, while enhanced SRF SOGI-FLL is the proposed technique. The control techniques of DSTATCOM have been compared in terms of load balancing, power factor enhancement, DC link voltage regulation, and minimization of harmonics. These control techniques extract reference current for the PWM which generates switching pulses for the DSTATCOM. The complete H-bridge DSTATCOM system along with these control techniques have been implemented in MATLAB /Simulink platform, and, after execution, superior power quality features of proposed control technique have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]