Author: "D. Rigamonti" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

433 results on '"D. Rigamonti"'

51. Light response of YAP:Ce and LaBr3:Ce scintillators to 4–30 MeV protons for applications to Telescope Proton Recoil neutron spectrometers

Author: E. Strano, M. Tardocchi, Marica Rebai, Alberto Fazzi, Giuseppe Gorini, Gabriele Croci, Carlo Cazzaniga, Anders Hjalmarsson, M. Mazzocco, D. Rigamonti, A. Cremona, Göran Ericsson, Massimo Nocente, Cazzaniga, C, Cremona, A, Nocente, M, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Tardocchi, M, Croci, G, Ericsson, G, Fazzi, A, Hjalmarsson, A, Mazzocco, M, Strano, E, and Gorini, G
Subjects: Spallation sources, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Telescope, law, Neutron spectroscopy, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Fusion, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, Physics, Light response, Range (particle radiation), Spallation source, Spectrometer, LaBr3, Scintillators, YAP, LaBr, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Proton recoil
Abstract: The light response of two thin inorganic scintillators based on YAP:Ce and LaBr3:Ce crystals has been measured with protons in the 4-8 MeV energy range at the Uppsala tandem accelerator and in the 826 MeV energy range at the Legnaro tandem accelerator. The crystals have been calibrated in situ with Cs-137 and Co-60 gamma-ray sources. The relative light yields of protons with respect to gammas have been measured and are here reported to be (96 +/- 2)% and (80 +/- 2)% for YAP:Ce and LaBr3:Ce, respectively. The results open up to the development of a Telescope Proton Recoil spectrometer based on either of the two crystals as alternative to a silicon based spectrometer for applications to high neutron fluxes. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

52. Detailed reproduction of the neutron emission from the compact DT neutron generator used as an in-situ 14 MeV calibration neutron source at JET

Author: Marco Tardocchi, Luca Giacomelli, A. Milocco, D. Rigamonti, Igor Lengar, Aljaž Čufar, Sergey Popovichev, Z. Ghani, Marica Rebai, Luka Snoj, Mario Pillon, Stefano Loreti, and Paola Batistoni
Subjects: Physics, Neutron transport, Neutron emission, dt neutron generator, neutron detectors, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, calibration, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, Neutron spectroscopy, 010309 optics, Neutron generator, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Neutron source, Neutron detection, neutron source characterization, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: A compact DT neutron generator (NG) based on the mixed-beam operation was used as a calibration neutron source in the latest in-situ calibration of neutron detectors at the Joint European Torus (JET). In order to meet the requirement for the total uncertainty of the neutron detector calibration below ±10 %, the neutron emission properties had to be experimentally characterized and reproduced through detailed modelling of the neutron source characteristics and geometry of the neutron generator. The detailed neutronics simulations were an essential part of both NG characterization and JET neutron detector calibration. The complex neutron emission properties of the NG were reproduced through a combination of simulations and highresolution neutron spectroscopy measurements. This meant that six different DT neutron source components resulting from NG's mixed beam operation were explicitly simulated and their relative intensities scaled based on experimentally obtained neutron spectrum measurements. Furthermore, the detailed model of the NG's geometry was produced based on information from the supplier of the NG and images from a computer tomography (CT) scan. Finally, the positioning of the neutron source inside the JET tokamak during in-situ calibration was reproduced based on the information from the remote handling system (RHS) at JET, the system responsible for the positioning of the source during the calibration experiment. The extensive effort presented in the paper significantly contributed to the total uncertainties of the calibration factors well within the target value of ±10 %.
Published: 2020

53. Detectors for High Count Rate Measurements with a Compensation for MPPC Gain Dependence on Temperature

Author: Dominik Rybka, A. Broslawski, A. Urban, Massimo Nocente, M. Tardocchi, I. Zychor, M. Gosk, G. Boltruczyk, Vasily Kiptily, S. Korolczuk, D. Rigamonti, Lyoussi, A, Urban, A, BrosÅ‚awski, A, BoÅ‚truczyk, G, Gosk, M, Korolczuk, S, Rybka, D, Kiptily, V, Nocente, M, Rigamonti, D, Tardocchi, M, and Zychor, I
Subjects: Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, QC1-999, Detector, 01 natural sciences, High count rate, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Compensation (engineering), Optics, Gamma-ray spectroscopy, MPPC, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma spectroscopy, 010306 general physics, business
Published: 2018

54. Conceptual studies of gamma ray diagnostics for DEMO control

Author: Marica Rebai, Marco Cecconello, Th. Franke, Anders Hjalmarsson, L. Giacomelli, Wolfgang Biel, Sean Conroy, D. Rigamonti, Massimo Nocente, M. Tardocchi, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Nocente, M, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Cecconello, M, Conroy, S, Hjalmarsson, A, Franke, T, and Biel, W
Subjects: Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, DEMO plasma control, Gamma-ray diagnostics, Gamma-ray spectroscopy, DT fusion gamma-ray emission energy spectra, DEMO DT plasma neutron yield, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Neutron, Gamma spectroscopy, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Physics, Spectrometer, Gamma-ray diagnostic, Mechanical Engineering, Gamma ray, Collimator, Plasma, Fusion power, Magnetically confined plasmas, gamma ray spectroscopy, DEMO, Nuclear Energy and Engineering
Abstract: The future tokamak demonstration fusion reactor (DEMO) will operate at unprecedented physical and technological conditions where high reliability of the system components is required. The conceptual study of a suite of DEMO diagnostics is on-going. Among these, a Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Instrument (GRSI) is being investigated to assess its performance and information quality in view of DEMO control. The GRSI foresees radial-orthogonal multi-line of sight viewing DEMO plasma across its poloidal section as a further development of the Gamma-Ray Camera of JET and of the Radial Gamma-Ray Spectrometers proposed for ITER but with stricter technological constraints. These include surface availability in the Tritium Breeding Blankets of DEMO vessel inner wall for diagnostics collimators openings, diagnostics distance from the plasma, neutron irradiation and activation of the reactor structures. On DEMO the gamma-ray (γ) emission from DT plasmas consists of T(d,γ)5He (Eγ = 16.63 MeV) and T(p,γ)4He (Eγ = 19.81 MeV) reactions which for their high Eγ would allow in principle for background-free measurements. This work reports the assessment on the GRSI diagnostic capability. Reactions cross sections are assessed and used for the calculations of the reactions γ emission energy spectrum under DEMO DT plasma conditions and compared with 14 MeV neutron emissions before and after the GRSI collimator. Investigation of the GRSI γ spectrometers performance is also presented. Measurement of the γ emission intensity of T(d,γ)5He can be in principle used as an independent assessment of DEMO DT plasmas fusion power.
Published: 2018

55. The upgraded JET gamma-ray cameras based on high resolution/high count rate compact spectrometers

Author: R. C. Pereira, M. Gosk, G. Kaveney, A. Urban, Jet Contributors, M. Nocente, S. Korolczuk, A. Broslawski, João Figueiredo, V. Kiptily, A. Murari, Bruno Santos, L. Giacomelli, M. Tardocchi, S. Popovichev, Ana Fernandes, Giuseppe Gorini, D. Rigamonti, I. Zychor, Rigamonti, D, Broslawski, A, Fernandes, A, Figueiredo, J, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Gosk, M, Kaveney, G, Kiptily, V, Korolczuk, S, Murari, A, Nocente, M, Pereira, R, Popovichev, S, Santos, B, Urban, A, Zychor, I, and Tardocchi, M
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Gamma-ray spectroscopy, magnetically confined plasmas, fast ions, Instrumentation, High count rate gamma-ray spectroscopy, Physics, Jet (fluid), Gamma-ray emission from fusion plasmas, Spectrometer, business.industry, Detector, Gamma ray, High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy, Compact gamma-ray spectrometers, Runaway electron hard X-ray emission spectroscopy, Tomography reconstruction of gamma-ray emission plasmas, Upgrade, Deuterium, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract: The JET gamma-ray cameras have been recently upgraded within the gamma-ray camera upgrade project in support of development of JET high performance deuterium plasma scenarios and in prepa- ration of deuterium-tritium experiments. New, dedicated detectors based on a LaBr 3 crystal and silicon photo-multipliers have been developed and replaced pre-existing CsI detectors in all 19 channels. The new instrument gives opportunity of making two-dimensional gamma-ray measurements with a count- ing rate capability exceeding 1 MCounts/s (MCps) and energy resolution better than 5% at 1.1 MeV. The upgrade is of relevance for fast ion and runaway electron physics studies in high performance deuterium discharges and also in plasmas with tritium at neutron yields in the range up to about 5 × 10 17 n/s.
Published: 2018
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56. The role of kinetic instabilities in formation of the runaway electron current after argon injection in DIII-D

Author: Eric Hollmann, N.W. Eidietis, Kathreen Thome, L. Martinelli, A. Dal Molin, Carlos Paz-Soldan, R.A. Moyer, Massimo Nocente, Daisuke Shiraki, D. Rigamonti, Andrey Lvovskiy, M. Tardocchi, J. L. Herfindal, L. Giacomelli, Xiaodi Du, Lvovskiy, A, Paz-Soldan, C, Eidietis, N, Molin, A, Du, X, Giacomelli, L, Herfindal, J, Hollmann, E, Martinelli, L, Moyer, R, Nocente, M, Rigamonti, D, Shiraki, D, Tardocchi, M, and Thome, K
Subjects: Materials science, Argon, DIII-D, chemistry.chemical_element, Kinetic energy, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, runaway electron, 010305 fluids & plasmas, tokamak disruption, massive gas injection, Runaway electrons, chemistry, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electron current, 0103 physical sciences, runaway electrons, kinetic instabilities, tokamak disruptions, Atomic physics, kinetic instabilitie, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Kinetic instabilities in the MHz range driven by runaway electrons (REs) have been observed for the first time during the current quench (CQ) in disruptions triggered by massive injection of argon in DIII-D. These instabilities are well-correlated with intermittent RE losses in the beginning of RE current formation. The runaway current phase is not observed when the power of instabilities exceeds a threshold. Novel measurements of the RE distribution function during the CQ indicate that the instabilities appear when RE energy (E RE) exceeds 2.5-3 MeV, the number of modes grows linearly with E RE, and their frequencies lie in the range 0.1-3 MHz, below the ion cyclotron frequency. Possible plasma waves exciting by REs in this region are proposed. Increase of the amount of injected argon decreases the E RE and increases the success rate of the runaway current formation, while increase of the pre-disruption plasma current acts in the opposite direction. No dependence on the pre-disruption core electron temperature is found.
Published: 2018

57. New FPGA based hardware implementation for JET gamma-ray camera upgrade

Author: M. Gosk, João Figueiredo, M. Tardocchi, João M. C. Sousa, R. C. Pereira, A. Urban, Jet Contributors, L. Giacomelli, Massimo Nocente, A. Murari, Bruno Gonçalves, Carlos Correia, S. Korolczuk, G. Boltruczyk, P. F. Carvalho, I. Zychor, Vasily Kiptily, Ana Fernandes, Jakub Bielecki, D. Rigamonti, Bruno Santos, R. Dias, A. Broslawski, Fernandes, A, Pereira, R, Santos, B, Bielecki, J, Boltruczyk, G, Broslawski, A, Carvalho, P, Dias, R, Figueiredo, J, Giacomelli, L, Gosk, M, Kiptily, V, Korolczuk, S, Murari, A, Nocente, M, Rigamonti, D, Sousa, J, Tardocchi, M, Urban, A, Zychor, I, Correia, C, and Gonçalves, B
Subjects: Real-time processing, Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Data acquisition, Installation, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Gamma-ray spectroscopy, Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture, Field-programmable gate array, FPGA, Civil and Structural Engineering, Gamma camera, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Detector, ATCA, Full Rate, Gamma-ray spectroscopy, Joint European Torus, FPGA, Upgrade, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nuclear fusion, business, Computer hardware
Abstract: The Gamma-Ray Camera Upgrade (GCU) project aims at installing a new set of 19 scintillators with multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) embedded, capable to meet the high fluxes expected during deuterium-tritium plasmas while improving the diagnostic spectroscopic capabilities. GCU will benefit from the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA)-based Data Acquisition System (DAQ), successfully installed and commissioned during the JET-EP2 enhancement. However, to cope with the new GCU detector signals, the DAQ Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) codes need to be rebuilt. This work presents the FPGA code upgrade for Gamma Camera (GC) DAQ, capable to sustain the expected fast response of new detectors, while exploiting the full capabilities of the DAQ. Dedicated codes were designed, capable to acquire the new signals at full rate, and simultaneously processing them in real-time through suitable algorithms, fitted to the new signals shape. First results of real-time processing codes applied to data from detector prototypes are presented.
Published: 2018
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58. Design of gamma-ray spectrometers optimized for fast particle studies at ITER

Author: L. Giacomelli, B. Brichard, Giuseppe Gorini, Luciano Bertalot, M. Tardocchi, Ana Fernandes, Massimo Nocente, V. Krasilnikov, G. Brolatti, B. Esposito, J. Rzadkiewicz, D. Rigamonti, Gabriele Croci, João M. C. Sousa, A. Muraro, R. C. Pereira, Daniele Marocco, Igor Lengar, Marica Rebai, E. Perelli Cippo, Rebai, M, Bertalot, L, Brichard, B, Brolatti, G, Croci, G, Esposito, B, Fernandes, A, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Krasilnikov, V, Lengar, I, Marocco, D, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Pereira, R, Perelli Cippo, E, Rigamonti, D, Rzadkiewicz, J, Sousa, J, Tardocchi, M, and Brolatti, G.
Subjects: Physics, Tokamak, Spectrometer, Runaway electrons, Neutron flux, Tokamaks, Gamma rays, Alpha particles, Bremsstrahlung, Plasma impurities, Particle physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Computational physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Plasma diagnostics, Neutron, Gamma-ray diagnostics, magnetically confined plasmas, ITER, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation
Abstract: A set of gamma ray spectrometers has been designed for ITER within the Radial Gamma Ray Spectrometer (RGRS) project. The aim of this project is designing a system, integrated with the ITER radial neutron camera, which is able to measure the gamma-rays emitted from the plasma with a good energy resolution (about 1.5% at 4.44 MeV) and at high counting rates (in excess of 1 MHz). The RGRS will be able to operate both in the D phase and in the full-power DT phase and will measure gamma rays from (i) reactions between fast ions, such as particles, and light impurities and (ii) bremsstrahlung emission generated by runaway electron interactions with both plasma bulk and tokamak walls. The RGRS detectors are arranged in nine lines of sights (able to cover a radial region with r < a/3), each featuring a large LaBr3 scintillator crystal. Due to the high neutron flux and magnetic field, several solutions have been adopted to guarantee a good signal to background ratio and MHz counting rate capabilities. The RGRS is capable to combine space and energy distribution measurements of particles and runaway electrons, which will help the study of the fast particle physics in a burning plasma. Published by AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038963
Published: 2018

59. Quantitative detection of human herpes virus 1 & 2 using the real time PCR STAT-NAT HSV1 & 2 assays

Author: L. Spinelli, M. Ballarini, M. Gramegna, L. Bavagnoli, D. Rigamonti, G. Ferri, and M.L. Incandela
Subjects: Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Nat, Human herpes virus, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, General Medicine, Biology, Biochemistry, Virology, stat
Published: 2019

60. Mosaic diamond detectors for fast neutrons and large ionizing radiation fields

Author: Alessandro Bellucci, Marica Rebai, Mario Pillon, Marco Tardocchi, P. Calvani, Marco Girolami, Daniele M. Trucchi, D. Rigamonti, and Carlo Cazzaniga
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, Neutron radiation, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Particle detector, Neutron temperature, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Neutron spectroscopy, Optics, Neutron flux, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Neutron, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: First neutron and X-ray beam tests on a novel 12-pixel single-crystal diamond mosaic detector are presented and discussed. Preliminary characterization of single-pixel electronic properties, performed with α particles, results in charge carrier mobilities >2000 cm2 Vs−1 and saturation velocities of the order of 107 cm s−1. Signal stability over time, measured with a 241Am source (37 kBq activity), is longer than 5 h. Tests under an intense X-ray beam (1 Gy h−1 dose-rate) show a very good response uniformity (down to about 1% of relative standard deviation from mean value), suggesting a high level of pixel reproducibility at intermediate bias voltages (ranging from 20 to 100 V). Response uniformity reduces at voltages >200 V, due presumably to radiation-assisted detrapping effects. Preliminary results of 12-pixel simultaneous acquisitions of X-ray beam profiles and pulse height spectra under a fast neutron beam (14 MeV) are also presented.
Published: 2015

61. Neutron spectroscopy measurements of 14 MeV neutrons at unprecedented energy resolution and implications for deuterium-tritium fusion plasma diagnostics

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, D Rigamonti, D., Giacomelli, L., Gorini, G., Nocente, M., Rebai, M., Jet Contributors, García Muñoz, Manuel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, D Rigamonti, D., Giacomelli, L., Gorini, G., Nocente, M., Rebai, M., Jet Contributors, and García Muñoz, Manuel
Abstract: An accurate calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics with a 14 MeV neutron generator was performed in the first half of 2017 in order to provide a reliable measurement of the fusion power during the next JET deuterium–tritium (DT) campaign. In order to meet the target accuracy, the chosen neutron generator has been fully characterized at the Neutron Metrology Laboratory of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, United Kingdom. The present paper describes the measurements of the neutron energy spectra obtained using a highresolution single-crystal diamond detector (SCD). The measurements, together with a new neutron source routine ‘ad hoc’ developed for the MCNP code, allowed the complex features of the neutron energy spectra resulting from the mixed D/T beam ions interacting with the T/D target nuclei to be resolved for the first time. From the spectral analysis a quantitative estimation of the beam ion composition has been made. The unprecedented intrinsic energy resolution (<1% full width at half maximum (FWHM) at 14 MeV) of diamond detectors opens up new prospects for diagnosing DT plasmas, such as, for instance, the possibility to study non-classical slowing down of the beam ions by neutron spectroscopy on ITER.
Published: 2018

62. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER

Author: Alfredo Pironti, J. Simpson-Hutchinson, Sean Conroy, J. Uljanovs, D. Middleton-Gear, G. Possnert, C. Angioni, R. McAdams, Nicholas Watkins, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, A. Garcia-Carrasco, K. Gałązka, D. Nodwell, Pasquale Gaudio, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Seppo Koivuranta, O. J. Kwon, C. Boyd, A. Boboc, M. Reinhart, Igor Lengar, Jarrod Leddy, Hiroyasu Utoh, J. H. Ahn, A. Stevens, J. Lönnroth, U. Kruezi, C. Guillemaut, N. Fonnesu, W. Studholme, Marek Rubel, P. Cahyna, O. McCormack, A. S. Jacobsen, D. Mazon, Gunta Kizane, N. Ashikawa, William Tang, J. Goff, F. Nespoli, Thomas Giegerich, G. Petravich, Angela Busse, Corneliu Porosnicu, M. Bigi, M. Wheatley, Christopher N. Bowman, J. Zacks, Ivan Calvo, U. Losada, H. Weisen, B. Bauvir, Stanislas Pamela, Sylvain Brémond, M.F. Stamp, Scott W. McIntosh, A. Rakha, S. Glöggler, V. Braic, C. Bottereau, S. Murphy, S. Knott, Luigi Fortuna, P. Bunting, N. Vora, S. D. Scott, A. Lazaros, R. Dejarnac, P. Buratti, H.R. Strauss, Gabriele Croci, M. Nocente, A. Hollingsworth, S. Reynolds, D. J. Wilson, D. D. Brown, T.C. Luce, S. Zoletnik, E. Nilsson, L. Laguardia, O. Marchuk, F.P. Orsitto, E. Cecil, V. Huber, J. B. Girardo, Stylianos Varoutis, M. D. Axton, Hyun-Tae Kim, E. Safi, Ch. Day, S. Arshad, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Prior, A. Meigs, S. Esquembri, P. Gohil, K. Purahoo, Torbjörn Hellsten, N. Tipton, R. Guirlet, E. Joffrin, V. Aldred, Calin Besliu, M. Valentinuzzi, G. T. Jones, J. Edwards, Giuseppe Ambrosino, Laurent Marot, N. Lam, F. Crisanti, G. Verona Rinati, R. Marshal, Michael L. Brown, D. Frigione, D. Chandra, Michaele Freisinger, R. Olney, Jari Varje, S. Whetham, F. Parra Diaz, M. R. Hough, P. Dinca, F. Salzedas, A. Goodyear, R. Gowland, J. A. Wilson, J. Horacek, D. King, K. Flinders, I. R. Merrigan, M. Ghate, R. Michling, F. Saint-Laurent, G. Kocsis, D. Van Eester, C. Young, R. O. Dendy, A. Meakins, N. Pace, C. L. Hunter, D. Alegre, S. Foster, V. Riccardo, M. Bulman, C. Jeong, Marek Szawlowski, B. D. Whitehead, Vasily Kiptily, James Harrison, Hiroshi Tojo, G. T. A. Huijsmans, J. W. Coenen, X. Litaudon, Justin Williams, C. Hidalgo, S. Lesnoj, I.E. Day, A. W. Morris, R. Mooney, Yann Corre, S. Brezinsek, B. Gonçalves, M. Kresina, D. Coombs, F. Köchl, J. L. Gardarein, W. Davis, Aqsa Shabbir, Kanti M. Aggarwal, L. Colas, A. B. Kukushkin, Seppo Sipilä, Elisabeth Rachlew, Leena Aho-Mantila, O. G. Pompilian, E. Viezzer, Shane Cooper, Fabio Villone, P. Blanchard, Patrick Tamain, P. Camp, T. Szabolics, C. Luna, Kalle Heinola, H. G. Esser, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Andrew West, Hajime Urano, Roberta Lima Gomes, J.P. Coad, Th. Pütterich, A. Sinha, S. Hollis, R. D. Wood, G. D. Ewart, F. S. Griph, T. Kobuchi, X. Lefebvre, S. Warder, A.J. Thornton, S. Peschanyi, B. Graham, Giuseppe Telesca, M. Kempenaars, J. Bernardo, M. Hughes, Eva Belonohy, S. Schmuck, Kai Nordlund, T. J. Smith, P. Hertout, K. D. Lawson, M. Brix, Matthew Sibbald, Grégoire Hornung, C. Tame, Matthew Carr, S. Wray, P. T. Doyle, A. Somers, Giuseppe Chitarin, D. C. Campling, Mitul Abhangi, I. Jepu, David A. Wood, J. Miettunen, A. Sopplesa, Raffaele Fresa, S. Saarelma, M. Bacharis, J. Pozzi, P. Vallejos Olivares, Teddy Craciunescu, Raffaele Albanese, S. Knipe, Jason P. Byrne, A. C. C. Sips, S. Hazel, V. Kazantzidis, G. Stankūnas, A. Kundu, J. Mailloux, C. Guerard, Pramit Dutta, J. E. Boom, Eduardo Alves, P. Grazier, Saskia Mordijck, V.S. Neverov, Kazuo Hoshino, A. P. Vadgama, P. D. Brennan, P. Innocente, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Irishkin, M. Berry, D. W. Robson, Dieter Leichtle, Fabio Pisano, P. McCullen, T. M. Huddleston, Kensaku Kamiya, D. Pacella, Tommy Ahlgren, A. Kirschner, B. Magesh, A. Ash, J. Mlynář, C. Castaldo, C. Marchetto, D. L. Hillis, M. Incelli, B. Viola, R. J. Robins, E. Andersson Sundén, G. Ramogida, Matthew Reinke, Gerd Meisl, Yannis Kominis, R. Proudfoot, C. Noble, N. J. Conway, V. P. Lo Schiavo, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, Hugo Bufferand, C. H. A. Hogben, B. Evans, R. Sartori, H. Greuner, M. G. Dunne, K. Schöpf, M. I. K. Santala, E. Giovannozzi, A. E. Shevelev, C. Gil, P. Boulting, P. Sagar, A.E. Shumack, P. A. Coates, C. Ayres, R. Prakash, C. Giroud, M. Parsons, J. C. Giacalone, S. Meshchaninov, A. Peackoc, G. De Temmerman, A.C.A. Figueiredo, D. Gallart, P. Santa, Sergey Popovichev, Ivan Lupelli, M. Valovic, Thomas Johnson, Y. Martynova, M. Rack, Olivier Sauter, J. Garcia, P. Siren, I. Balboa, S. Lee, Hans Nordman, R. Roccella, M. Faitsch, Julien Hillairet, Patrick J. McCarthy, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, V. Coccorese, Ye. O. Kazakov, R. El-Jorf, C. Hamlyn-Harris, Matthias Weiszflog, C. F. Maggi, Panagiotis Tolias, N. C. Hawkes, E. Clark, Bruno Santos, B. Sieglin, R. Rodionov, Roch Kwiatkowski, P. Denner, C. Woodley, Hugh Summers, Francesco Pizzo, G. Pucella, D. Croft, F. Di Maio, M. Tomes, D. Molina, A. Fernades, L. Amicucci, Marco Cecconello, A. Bisoffi, Z. Ul-Abidin, J. Wilkinson, H. Maier, S. Rowe, M. Beckers, P.J. Knight, E. Pajuste, Choong-Seock Chang, K. Deakin, M. Enachescu, A. Cobalt, D. Tskhakaya Jun, Michela Gelfusa, Rémy Nouailletas, R. Ragona, N. Bonanomi, D. A. Homfray, K. Riddle, Yann Camenen, J. D. Thomas, R.P. Doerner, Timothy P. Robinson, Y. Miyoshi, Ph. Jacquet, H. T. Lambertz, D. Pulley, A. Bécoulet, E. Tholerus, O. Bogar, M. Peterka, R. Crowe, C. Sommariva, A. R. Talbot, N. K. Butler, N. Reid, R. Zagórski, Gerald Pintsuk, Juri Romazanov, Andre Neto, G. L. Ravera, Paolo Arena, A. Manning, F. Durodié, Maryna Chernyshova, D. Karkinsky, Štefan Matejčík, J. P. Thomas, A. Wilson, L. Joita, R. Naish, P. Strand, M. Balden, M. Kaufman, T. Powell, V. Schmidt, D. Barnes, José Vicente, S. Doswon, Daniel F. Valcarcel, Claudia Corradino, R. Warren, Annette M. Hynes, J. D. Strachan, A. M. Messiaen, M. Kovari, O. Omolayo, D. M. Witts, R. C. Felton, C. Fleming, C. A. Marren, Patrick Maget, J. Galdon-Quiroga, H. R. Koslowski, Bruce Lipschultz, Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo Silva, J. Waterhouse, R. J. Dumont, M. Schneider, Sara Moradi, K. J. Nicholls, M. Beldishevski, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, A. Ekedahl, A. Lyssoivan, C. Waldon, Davide Galassi, F. Jaulmes, A. Kirk, Yannick Marandet, F. Hasenbeck, Gabor Szepesi, R. C. Pereira, J. Juul Rasmussen, Nobuyuki Aiba, Michelle E. Walker, Gábor Cseh, Scott W. Mosher, R. Bastow, A. Di Siena, E. Lazzaro, M. Curuia, C. D. Challis, Z. Ghani, J. Deane, João M. C. Sousa, Henrik Sjöstrand, T. O'Gorman, H. R. Wilson, P. Devynck, M. Price, C. A. Thompson, Daniele Marocco, A. Cullen, M. Clark, M. Lennholm, D. Carralero, N. Balshaw, Roland Sabot, I. Stepanov, N. Petrella, Filippo Sartori, L. W. Packer, P. Thomas, M. Lungu, A. V. Krasilnikov, R. Young, Jonathan Graves, J. C. Hillesheim, Mǎdǎlina Vlad, Duccio Testa, Pierre Dumortier, Paulo Carvalho, M. Gosk, Yong-Su Na, M. Buckley, Carlos A. Silva, V. Fuchs, K. Vasava, P. A. Tigwell, B. Wakeling, M. Medland, M. Bellinger, K. Gal, Petter Ström, E. Veshchev, F. Nabais, A. Wynn, L. Lauro Taroni, B. Beckett, L. Gil, M. Towndrow, Brian Grierson, Harry M. Meyer, V. Philipps, A. de Castro, D. Kinna, D. Conka, Göran Ericsson, L. Piron, J. Hawkins, D. Cooper, Kenneth Hammond, V.V. Parail, Cristian Ruset, G.J. van Rooij, M. N. A. Beurskens, N. Fawlk, G. Evison, M. Van De Mortel, N. Marcenko, B. Slade, Th. Franke, Simone Peruzzo, N. den Harder, D. Baião, A. Martin de Aguilera, Frederic Imbeaux, Carlo Sozzi, J.L. de Pablos, J. Svensson, A. Withycombe, Ane Lasa, H. Sheikh, V.A. Yavorskij, Nick Walkden, E. Lerche, C. S. Gibson, Roberto Zanino, Y. Peysson, David Hatch, B. Bazylev, E. de la Cal, S. Hacquin, T. D. V. Haupt, S. A. Silburn, T.T.C. Jones, Maria Teresa Porfiri, Walid Helou, S. E. Sharapov, M. Zerbini, Ken W Bell, Marco Marinelli, Kyriakos Hizanidis, J. M. Fontdecaba, N. Teplova, K. K. Kirov, S. Vartanian, W. W. Pires de Sa, T. C. Hender, J. K. Blackburn, I. Monakhov, H. Patten, P. A. Simmons, Y. Austin, J. Regana, Stefano Coda, Amanda J. Page, D. Fuller, António J.N. Batista, A. Horton, P. Heesterman, S. Cramp, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, A. Burckhart, M. Allinson, Larry R. Baylor, W. Leysen, D. B. Gin, P. Nielsen, A. Kantor, Yueqiang Liu, A.V. Stephen, Jose Ramon Martin-Solis, P. Mantica, B. C. Regan, Aleksander Drenik, A. Lukin, L. Thorne, G. Nemtsev, J. Denis, M. E. Graham, D. Rigamonti, W. Van Renterghem, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, A. Malaquias, M. Tsalas, A. Cufar, Giuseppe Prestopino, D. Kogut, N. Pomaro, J. Keep, Jochen Linke, Shimpei Futatani, Boris Breizman, A. Sirinelli, M. Chandler, M. Fortune, F. Degli Agostini, I. Jenkins, T. Spelzini, G. Calabrò, O. N. Kent, A. Lunniss, Etienne Hodille, Z. Vizvary, Volker Naulin, T. Eich, F. Mink, A. Alkseev, P. W. Haydon, Massimo Angelone, Norberto Catarino, J. Lapins, Roberto Pasqualotto, R. Lawless, T. Schlummer, F. Bonelli, M. Wischmeier, Stéphane Devaux, G. Saibene, Dirk Reiser, Y. R. Martin, H. Bergsåker, Jon Godwin, Alessia Santucci, C. Lane, Justyna Grzonka, Ph. Mertens, Claudio Verona, David Moulton, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, P. G. Smith, T. Bolzonella, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Ulrich Fischer, G. Liu, M. A. Henderson, M. Marinucci, T. Suzuki, Jakub Bielecki, João Figueiredo, M. Afzal, J. Cane, Robert Hager, Luciano Bertalot, M. Firdaouss, G. Tvalashvili, D. Hepple, D. Esteve, M. De Bock, Y. Baranov, R. D'Inca, G. De Tommasi, Ch. Linsmeier, T. Nicolas, I. J. Pearson, P. Finburg, Ireneusz Książek, S. Talebzadeh, A. Czarnecka, A. Botrugno, M. Gethins, Bohdan Bieg, R. Baughan, I. Borodkina, B. Kos, A. Muraro, T. Vasilopoulou, G. Hermon, S.J. Wukitch, Jari Likonen, D. P. Coster, Guglielmo Rubinacci, I. H. Coffey, Justine M. Kent, S. E. Dorling, J. Dankowski, Geert Verdoolaege, Daisuke Nishijima, R. Clarkson, E. R. Solano, M. Stephen, A. Lescinskis, P. Staniec, Karl Schmid, M. Mayer, Peter Lang, T. Franklin, M.I. Williams, C. G. Elsmore, F. Maviglia, C. Di Troia, C. Penot, A. Zarins, Pierre Manas, D. F. Gear, Yu Gao, Philipp Drews, E. Letellier, A. S. Thompson, L. Forsythe, I. Zychor, E. Khilkevich, A. Manzanares, T. Nakano, Paulo Rodrigues, J. Edmond, Sebastián Dormido-Canto, R. Dux, C. Appelbee, L. Moser, Angelo Cenedese, D. Fagan, N. Richardson, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Rohde, R. Paprok, João P. S. Bizarro, P. Aleynikov, M. Sertoli, Ł. Świderski, Simone Palazzo, O. W. Davies, D. Douai, N. Macdonald, M. Baruzzo, J. López-Razola, M. Lungaroni, D. Clatworthy, R. Bravanec, J. Lovell, Ambrogio Fasoli, S.-P. Pehkonen, M. E. Puiatti, P. Papp, G. Bodnar, V. Aslanyan, A. Weckmann, K. A. Taylor, R. Henriques, I. T. Chapman, Ewa Pawelec, Miles M. Turner, Steven J. Meitner, M. Bernert, Ph. Maquet, R. C. Meadows, A. Shaw, N. Vianello, L. Barrera Orte, Tomas Markovic, A. Fil, A. S. Couchman, Inessa Bolshakova, J. Fyvie, Konstantina Mergia, J. Gallagher, R.V. Budny, Frank Leipold, C. J. Rapson, R. C. Lobel, Gennady V. Miloshevsky, K.-D. Zastrow, Ph. Duckworth, Gianluca Rubino, G. Withenshaw, S. Maruyama, S. P. Hallworth Cook, M. Newman, Jérôme Bucalossi, P. Drewelow, Nuno Cruz, D. Iglesias, I. Nedzelski, T. Donne, P. Leichuer, R. Cesario, M. D. J. Bright, T. Boyce, N. Imazawa, Per Petersson, R. King, A. Loving, L. Garzotti, Jorge Ferreira, G. Corrigan, D. Sandiford, B. Tal, P. Puglia, Daniel Tegnered, J. Karhunen, James S. Wright, Tom Wauters, J. McKehon, K. Rathod, Olivier Février, Alessandro Formisano, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, Ricardo Magnus Osorio Galvao, F. Medina, S. Collins, H. J. Boyer, Elena Bruno, Horacio Fernandes, M. J. Stead, R. Paccagnella, J. Kaniewski, Ion E. Stamatelatos, F. Causa, M. F. F. Nave, A. Patel, D. C. McDonald, L. Moreira, Mariano Ruiz, K. Dylst, Raymond A. Shaw, A. Brett, Jane Johnston, P. P. Pereira Puglia, J. Ongena, N. A. Benterman, V. N. Amosov, Christian Grisolia, J. Simpson, C. Perez von Thun, Jan Weiland, P. Tonner, F. Belli, T. Odupitan, T. Dittmar, Edmund Highcock, Taina Kurki-Suonio, I. Uytdenhouwen, Estelle Gauthier, M. Oberkofler, B. Alper, Iris D. Young, S. Soare, Yuji Hatano, D. Reece, D. Borodin, M. Moneti, W. Yanling, S. Mianowski, K. Fenton, Stephen J. Bailey, R. Coelho, Sandra C. Chapman, E. Łaszyńska, A. R. Field, F.J. Martínez, Anders Nielsen, M. Smithies, M. J. Mantsinen, A. J. Capel, N. D. Smith, A. Pires dos Reis, M.-L. Mayoral, T. Loarer, P. Carman, N. Grazier, S. Breton, J. M. A. Bradshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Fulvio Auriemma, Fulvio Militello, Barbara Cannas, D. Ulyatt, A. Kappatou, P. Blatchford, R. Scannell, B. I. Oswuigwe, Darren Price, Robert E. Grove, D. Guard, M. Leyland, G. Stubbs, J. W. Banks, V.V. Plyusnin, M. S. J. Rainford, Andrea Murari, Sanjeev Ranjan, A. Huber, V. Krasilnikov, C. Bower, H. Leggate, S. Abduallev, P. Tsavalas, G. Giruzzi, K. Maczewa, Colin Roach, P. Beaumont, R. P. Johnson, Anna Widdowson, L. A. Kogan, A. Baron Wiechec, Markus Airila, J. Morris, Robert Skilton, Katarzyna Słabkowska, M. A. Barnard, Jean-Paul Booth, Alessandro Pau, R. Price, R. Bament, M. Tokitani, I. Turner, T. Vu, P. Huynh, S.N. Gerasimov, D. I. Refy, Yunfeng Liang, Anders Hjalmarsson, S. Dalley, Roberto Ambrosino, O. Hemming, T. R. Blackman, Y. Zhou, Vasile Zoita, P. Vincenzi, A. Loarte, C. Rayner, Martin Imrisek, M. Tripsky, C. Mazzotta, A. Uccello, V. Basiuk, Lide Yao, V. Goloborod'ko, S. Villari, B. P. Duval, N. Bulmer, W. Zhang, L. Hackett, D. N. Borba, M. Halitovs, Mario Pillon, H. Arnichand, Alberto Alfier, A. Lawson, A. Masiello, T. Makkonen, A. Vitins, D. Rendell, D. Paton, L. Avotina, A. Krivska, M. Maslov, Richard Verhoeven, Marc Goniche, A. Broslawski, Marica Rebai, E. de la Luna, E. Militello-Asp, V. Cocilovo, L. Carraro, Michael Fitzgerald, Bernardo B. Carvalho, D. Young, C.G. Lowry, F. J. Casson, L.-G. Eriksson, T. M. Biewer, B. Esposito, F.G. Rimini, J. Fessey, G. Kaveney, S. Hall, Robin Barnsley, Michael Lehnen, N. Bekris, L. F. Ruchko, P. Batistoni, E. Alessi, M. G. O'Mullane, D. S. Darrow, C. N. Grundy, N. Hayter, Ivo S. Carvalho, M. Brombin, Enrico Zilli, M. Valisa, M. Reich, S. Panja, C. Gurl, Charles Harrington, Emmanuele Peluso, M. Porton, Michael Walsh, D. Falie, A. Reed, Jacob Eriksson, P. Macheta, J. M. Faustin, S. Cortes, S. Fietz, P. Piovesan, D. Ciric, Eric Nardon, R. Neu, Bojiang Ding, G.A. Rattá, F. Reimold, R. Craven, M. Cox, J. Orszagh, Aaro Järvinen, A. S. Thrysøe, A. Shepherd, I. Ďuran, Andrew M. Edwards, A. Kinch, J. Beal, M. Gherendi, Martin Köppen, D. Samaddar, P. Dalgliesh, I. Vinyar, J. Jansons, Nengchao Wang, J. Wu, John Wright, S. Wiesen, C. King, Alessandra Fanni, L. D. Horton, N. Krawczyk, J. Buch, K. Krieger, Václav Petržílka, D. Schworer, C. Watts, T. Keenan, Andrea Malizia, B. D. Stevens, P. Trimble, C. P. Lungu, V. Prajapati, Marco Ariola, C. Wellstood, S. Gilligan, Mirko Salewski, Michael Barnes, Florin Spineanu, H. Doerk, C. Kennedy, S. Jachmich, J. Caumont, Isabel L. Nunes, A. Petre, A. Kallenbach, M. Anghel, B. Lomanowski, Marco Riva, M. Romanelli, G. De Masi, T. May-Smith, T. Xu, A. Goussarov, S. Romanelli, M. Okabayashi, A. Baker, R. Salmon, T. Tala, Nicolas Fedorczak, S. Lanthaler, Giuliana Sias, J. Risner, Clarisse Bourdelle, M. E. Manso, Fabio Moro, R. Lucock, M. Bassan, M. T. Ogawa, V. Thompson, A. M. Whitehead, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, Igor Bykov, Gennady Sergienko, E. Stefanikova, Mattia Frasca, H. Dabirikhah, Lorenzo Frassinetti, N. Dzysiuk, D. L. Keeling, Juan Manuel López, M. Turnyanskiy, Daniel Dunai, David Taylor, Arturo Buscarino, Carolina Björkas, A. Baciero, S. Meigh, M. Garcia-Munoz, Massimiliano Mattei, M. Hill, Gwyndaf Evans, S. Minucci, Xiang Gao, A. V. Chankin, Francesco Romanelli, A. Lahtinen, L. Giacomelli, A. Owen, Jesús Vega, Jonathan Citrin, Antti Hakola, Petr Vondracek, Sehyun Kwak, P. Abreu, L. Meneses, S. S. Medley, G. Gervasini, Surya K. Pathak, Kristel Crombé, M. Cleverly, H.S. Kim, C. Stan-Sion, Nobuyuki Asakura, E. Wang, A. Cardinali, L. Fazendeiro, R. Cavazzana, P. J. Lomas, J. Hawes, G. Stables, Silvia Spagnolo, S. P. Hotchin, N. R. Green, Slawomir Jednorog, Ewa Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, A. Martin, Linwei Li, Rajnikant Makwana, Richard Goulding, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Bowden, I. Kodeli, Peter Hawkins, S. S. Henderson, Ondrej Ficker, Carl Hellesen, D. Yadikin, Fabio Subba, Luka Snoj, Anthony Laing, N. Ben Ayed, Mario Cavinato, M. Goodliffe, C. Clements, D. Kenny, Axel Klix, S. Gee, R. J. E. Smith, P. de Vries, L. Fittill, Min-Gu Yoo, S. Menmuir, K. Cave-Ayland, S. Potzel, D. Grist, K. Blackman, S. A. Robinson, Rodney Walker, David Pfefferlé, W. Broeckx, D. Harting, S. G. J. Tyrrell, F. Binda, L. Horvath, Davide Flammini, P. V. Edappala, Raul Moreno, G. M. D. Hogeweij, P. Card, A. Hagar, Ion Tiseanu, Rita Lorenzini, L. Appel, Jet Contributors, J. Flanagan, C. Paz Soldan, U. Samm, Otto Asunta, F. Eriksson, C. Taliercio, F. S. Zaitsev, G. F. Matthews, Tuomas Koskela, P. J. Howarth, D. Terranova, M. Skiba, Amanda Hubbard, R. Otin, K. G. McClements, M. Park, R. McKean, C. Christopher Klepper, I. Karnowska, Peter J. Pool, G. Ciraolo, Jennifer M. Lehmann, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Association EURATOM-TEKES, Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Assoc. Euratom-ENEA-CREATE, Universita Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria [Reggio Calabria], EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN), ITN, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITER organization (ITER), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU), Institut d'ophtalmologie Hédi-Rais de Tunis, Service Cardiologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Assoc., Magnetic Sensor laboratory [Lviv] (MSL), National Polytechnic University of Lviv (LPNU), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute for Problems of Material Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, Department of Hydraulics, Transportations and Roads, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department (MS 388), University of Nevada [Reno], AUTRES, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] (IPPLM), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of Mathematics [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Associazone EURATOM ENEA sulla Fusione, EURATOM, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS (LPP ERM KMS), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), Institut für Physik, University of Basel (Unibas), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] (DIFFER), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Cadarache, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom research and training programme 633053, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides ( IMFS ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Univ. Mediterranea RC, Culham Science Centre, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear ( ITN ), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ITER Organization, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ), Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique ( LNIO ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU ), Service de cardiologie [Toulouse], Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), MSL, Lviv Polytechnic National University ( MSL ), Lviv Polytechnic National University, Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion ( CERAG ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics ( IEK-4 ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( NASU ), Lille - Economie et Management ( LEM ), Université catholique de Lille ( UCL ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie ( 3MI-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre G2I, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires ( LMGM ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Nevada, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] ( IPPLM ), UCL Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] ( ARC ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Cardiff School of Mathematics, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS ( LPP ERM KMS ), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School ( ERM KMS ), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] ( DIFFER ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] ( DIFFER ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres ( M2P2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, JET Contributors, Litaudon, X, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, K, Ahlgren, T, Ahn, J, Aho Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Albanese, R, Aldred, V, Alegre, D, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alfier, A, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amicucci, L, Amosov, V, Andersson SundÃ©n, E, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arnichand, H, Arshad, S, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Bacharis, M, Baciero, A, Baiã¡o, D, Bailey, S, Baker, A, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bament, R, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barnard, M, Barnes, D, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Baron Wiechec, A, Barrera Orte, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baughan, R, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beal, J, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Becoulet, A, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Belonohy, Ã, Ben Ayed, N, Benterman, N, Bergsã¥ker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besliu, C, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bãlkovã¡, P, Binda, F, Bisoffi, A, Bizarro, J, Bjã¶rkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, K, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bodnã¡r, G, Bogar, O, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonelli, F, Boom, J, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Botrugno, A, Bottereau, C, Boulting, P, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyd, C, Boyer, H, Bradshaw, J, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Breton, S, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Broså‚awski, A, Brown, D, Brown, M, Bruno, E, Bucalossi, J, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Bulman, M, Bulmer, N, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butler, N, Bykov, I, Byrne, J, Cahyna, P, Calabrã², G, Calvo, I, Camenen, Y, Camp, P, Campling, D, Cane, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catarino, N, Caumont, J, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cave Ayland, K, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cecil, E, Cenedese, A, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chandra, D, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Chapman, S, Chernyshova, M, Chitarin, G, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Clark, E, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clatworthy, D, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, D, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Couchman, A, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Craven, R, Crisanti, F, Croci, G, Croft, D, Crombã©, K, Crowe, R, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarnecka, A, Dabirikhah, H, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, Darrow, D, Davies, O, Davis, W, Day, C, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Castro, A, De La Cal, E, De La Luna, E, De Masi, G, De Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Degli Agostini, F, Dejarnac, R, Delabie, E, Den Harder, N, Dendy, R, Denis, J, Denner, P, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Maio, F, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dinca, P, D'Inca, R, Ding, B, Dittmar, T, Doerk, H, Doerner, R, Donnã©, T, Dorling, S, Dormido Canto, S, Doswon, S, Douai, D, Doyle, P, Drenik, A, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Duckworth, P, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Äžuran, I, Durodiã©, F, Dutta, P, Duval, B, Dux, R, Dylst, K, Dzysiuk, N, Edappala, P, Edmond, J, Edwards, A, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, El Jorf, R, Elsmore, C, Enachescu, M, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Esposito, B, Esquembri, S, Esser, H, Esteve, D, Evans, B, Evans, G, Evison, G, Ewart, G, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Fasoli, A, Faustin, J, Fawlk, N, Fazendeiro, L, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenton, K, Fernades, A, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Fessey, J, Fã©vrier, O, Ficker, O, Field, A, Fietz, S, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Finburg, P, Firdaouss, M, Fischer, U, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Flinders, K, Fonnesu, N, Fontdecaba, J, Formisano, A, Forsythe, L, Fortuna, L, Fortuna Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Foster, S, Franke, T, Franklin, T, Frasca, M, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Frigione, D, Fuchs, V, Fuller, D, Futatani, S, Fyvie, J, Gã¡l, K, Galassi, D, Gaå‚azka, K, Galdon Quiroga, J, Gallagher, J, Gallart, D, Galvã¡o, R, Gao, X, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia Carrasco, A, GarcÃa MuÃ±oz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaudio, P, Gauthier, E, Gear, D, Gee, S, Geiger, B, Gelfusa, M, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Ghate, M, Gherendi, M, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, C, Giegerich, T, Gil, C, Gil, L, Gilligan, S, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Girardo, J, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Glã¶ggler, S, Godwin, J, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodliffe, M, Goodyear, A, Gorini, G, Gosk, M, Goulding, R, Goussarov, A, Gowland, R, Graham, B, Graham, M, Graves, J, Grazier, N, Grazier, P, Green, N, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griph, F, Grisolia, C, Grist, D, Groth, M, Grove, R, Grundy, C, Grzonka, J, Guard, D, Guã©rard, C, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gurl, C, Utoh, H, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hagar, A, Hager, R, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth Cook, S, Hamlyn Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harrington, C, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hasenbeck, F, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hawkins, P, Haydon, P, Hayter, N, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heinola, K, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Hender, T, Henderson, M, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Hermon, G, Hertout, P, Hidalgo, C, Highcock, E, Hill, M, Hillairet, J, Hillesheim, J, Hillis, D, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Hobirk, J, Hodille, E, Hogben, C, Hogeweij, G, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Homfray, D, Horã¡ä ek, J, Hornung, G, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Hough, M, Howarth, P, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Hughes, M, Huijsmans, G, Hunter, C, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Iglesias, D, Imazawa, N, Imbeaux, F, Imrãå¡ek, M, Incelli, M, Innocente, P, Irishkin, M, Ivanova Stanik, I, Jachmich, S, Jacobsen, A, Jacquet, P, Jansons, J, Jardin, A, Jã¤rvinen, A, Jaulmes, F, Jednorã³g, S, Jenkins, I, Jeong, C, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Joita, L, Jones, G, Jones, T, Hoshino, K, Kallenbach, A, Kamiya, K, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Karnowska, I, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Keenan, T, Keep, J, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kenny, D, Kent, J, Kent, O, Khilkevich, E, Kim, H, Kinch, A, King, C, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirk, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kizane, G, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Knight, P, Knipe, S, Knott, S, Kobuchi, T, Kã¶chl, F, Kocsis, G, Kodeli, I, Kogan, L, Kogut, D, Koivuranta, S, Kominis, Y, Kã¶ppen, M, Kos, B, Koskela, T, Koslowski, H, Koubiti, M, Kovari, M, Kowalska StrzÈ©ciwilk, E, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Ksiaå¼ek, I, Kukushkin, A, Kundu, A, Kurki Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Kwiatkowski, R, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, C, Lang, P, Lanthaler, S, Lapins, J, Lasa, A, Last, J, Å aszyå„ska, E, Lawless, R, Lawson, A, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Leddy, J, Lee, S, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leichuer, P, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lesnoj, S, Letellier, E, Leyland, M, Leysen, W, Li, L, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Linke, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Liu, G, Liu, Y, Lo Schiavo, V, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lã¶nnroth, J, Lã³pez, J, LÃ³pez Razola, J, Lorenzini, R, Losada, U, Lovell, J, Loving, A, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lungu, M, Lunniss, A, Lupelli, I, Lyssoivan, A, Macdonald, N, Macheta, P, Maczewa, K, Magesh, B, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Makkonen, T, Makwana, R, Malaquias, A, Malizia, A, Manas, P, Manning, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marandet, Y, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Marinelli, M, Marinucci, M, Markoviä , T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marren, C, Marshal, R, Martin, A, Martin, Y, MartÃn De Aguilera, A, Martãnez, F, MartÃn SolÃs, J, Martynova, Y, Maruyama, S, Masiello, A, Maslov, M, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, May Smith, T, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mccormack, O, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcintosh, S, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Meadows, R, Meakins, A, Medina, F, Medland, M, Medley, S, Meigh, S, Meigs, A, Meisl, G, Meitner, S, Meneses, L, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merrigan, I, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Meyer, H, Mianowski, S, Michling, R, Middleton Gear, D, Miettunen, J, Militello, F, Militello Asp, E, Miloshevsky, G, Mink, F, Minucci, S, Miyoshi, Y, Mlynã¡å™, J, Molina, D, Monakhov, I, Moneti, M, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Moreno, R, Moro, F, Morris, A, Morris, J, Moser, L, Mosher, S, Moulton, D, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Murphy, S, Asakura, N, Na, Y, Nabais, F, Naish, R, Nakano, T, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nedzelski, I, Nemtsev, G, Nespoli, F, Neto, A, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Newman, M, Nicholls, K, Nicolas, T, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, P, Nilsson, E, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nocente, M, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Nouailletas, R, Nunes, I, Oberkofler, M, Odupitan, T, Ogawa, M, O'Gorman, T, Okabayashi, M, Olney, R, Omolayo, O, O'Mullane, M, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Oswuigwe, B, Otin, R, Owen, A, Paccagnella, R, Pace, N, Pacella, D, Packer, L, Page, A, Pajuste, E, Palazzo, S, Pamela, S, Panja, S, Papp, P, Paprok, R, Parail, V, Park, M, Parra Diaz, F, Parsons, M, Pasqualotto, R, Patel, A, Pathak, S, Paton, D, Patten, H, Pau, A, Pawelec, E, Paz Soldan, C, Peackoc, A, Pearson, I, Pehkonen, S, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Pereira, A, Pereira, R, Pereira Puglia, P, Perez Von Thun, C, Peruzzo, S, Peschanyi, S, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petre, A, Petrella, N, Petrå¾ilka, V, Peysson, Y, Pfefferlã©, D, Philipps, V, Pillon, M, Pintsuk, G, Piovesan, P, Pires Dos Reis, A, Piron, L, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Pitts, R, Pizzo, F, Plyusnin, V, Pomaro, N, Pompilian, O, Pool, P, Popovichev, S, Porfiri, M, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Possnert, G, Potzel, S, Powell, T, Pozzi, J, Prajapati, V, Prakash, R, Prestopino, G, Price, D, Price, M, Price, R, Prior, P, Proudfoot, R, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Puiatti, M, Pulley, D, Purahoo, K, Pã¼tterich, T, Rachlew, E, Rack, M, Ragona, R, Rainford, M, Rakha, A, Ramogida, G, Ranjan, S, Rapson, C, 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D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Ström, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Świderski, Ł., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomeš, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya jun, D., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. 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W., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano] (DENG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Research Centre Julich (FZJ), Institute for Plasma Research, Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisboa, Queen's University Belfast, University of Helsinki, CEA, Department of Applied Physics, School services, SCI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, VTT, University of Naples Federico II, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, CNR, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Ente Per Le Nuove Tecnologie L'energia e l'ambiente, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research, Uppsala University, National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, University of Catania, Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Institute for Fusion Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Latvia, Imperial College London, CIEMAT, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, University of York, Royal Institute of Technology, Maritime University of Szczecin, H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Czech Academy of Sciences, University of Trento, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Comenius University, University of Milan - Bicocca, National Institute for Optoelectronics, Fourth State Research, University of Texas at Austin, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Princeton University, CNRS, University of Cagliari, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, FOM Institute DIFFER, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Ghent University, J. Stefan Institute, Universite de Lorraine, CAS - Institute of Plasma Physics, University of California at San Diego, Koninklijke Militaire School - Ecole Royale Militaire, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, School services, ELEC, Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Automaatio- ja systeemitekniik, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Second University of Naples, Warsaw University of Technology, Universita della Basilicata, Barcelona Supercomp. Center, Universidad de Sevilla, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Sähkötekniikan laitos, University of Rome Tor Vergata, RAS - Ioffe Physico Technical Institute, General Atomics, University of Innsbruck, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Toyama, University of Strathclyde, National Technical University of Athens, Universita della Tuscia, Technical University of Denmark, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul National University, University College Cork, Vienna University of Technology, University of Opole, Daegu University, National Fusion Research Institute, Dublin City University, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, PELIN LLC, Arizona State University, Universidad Complutense, University of Basel, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Consorzio CREATE, Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Purdue University, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, School Services, ARTS, Department of Design, University of California Office of the President, Universidade de Sao Paulo, School Services, BIZ, Department of Information and Service Management, Lithuanian Energy Institute, HRS Fusion, Politecnico di Torino, University of Cassino, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Faculdade de Engenharia
Subjects: Technology, fusion, Física [Ciências exactas e naturais], Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, DIAGNOSTICS, 01 natural sciences, ILW, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ilw, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Plasma, H-Mode Plasmas, law, ITER, Disruption Prediction, COLLISIONALITY, EDGE LOCALIZED MODES, Diagnostics, Operation, JET, plasma, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics, Jet (fluid), JET, plasma, fusion, ITER, Divertor, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, DENSITY PEAKING, Carbon Wall, H-MODE PLASMAS, [ SPI.MECA.MEFL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Density Peaking, Neutron transport, Facing Components, Collisionality, 114 Physical sciences, Física, Física, Nuclear physics, Physical sciences [Natural sciences], Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Pedestal, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, ddc:530, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Fusion, Physics, Physical sciences, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Edge Localized Modes, QC717, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Reactors de fusió, Física, FACING COMPONENTS, Fusion reactors, Jet, CARBON WALL, DISRUPTION PREDICTION, OPERATION, ddc:600
Abstract: The 2014–2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L–H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at ßN ~ 1.8 and n/nGW ~ 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D–T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 1.173 autors/es: X. Litaudon35, S. Abduallev39, M. Abhangi46, P. Abreu53, M. Afzal7, K.M. Aggarwal29, T. Ahlgren101, J.H. Ahn8, L. Aho-Mantila112, N. Aiba69, M. Airila112, R. Albanese105, V. Aldred7, D. Alegre93, E. Alessi45, P. Aleynikov55, A. Alfier12, A. Alkseev72, M. Allinson7, B. Alper7, E. Alves53, G. Ambrosino105, R. Ambrosino106, L. Amicucci90, V. Amosov88, E. Andersson Sundén22, M. Angelone90, M. Anghel85, C. Angioni62, L. Appel7, C. Appelbee7, P. Arena30, M. Ariola106, H. Arnichand8, S. Arshad41, A. Ash7, N. Ashikawa68, V. Aslanyan64, O. Asunta1, F. Auriemma12, Y. Austin7, L. Avotina103, M.D. Axton7, C. Ayres7, M. Bacharis24, A. Baciero57, D. Baião53, S. Bailey7, A. Baker7, I. Balboa7, M. Balden62, N. Balshaw7, R. Bament7, J.W. Banks7, Y.F. Baranov7, M.A. Barnard7, D. Barnes7, M. Barnes27, R. Barnsley55, A. Baron Wiechec7, L. Barrera Orte34, M. Baruzzo12, V. Basiuk8, M. Bassan55, R. Bastow7, A. Batista53, P. Batistoni90, R. Baughan7, B. Bauvir55, L. Baylor73, B. Bazylev56, J. Beal110, P.S. Beaumont7, M. Beckers39, B. Beckett7, A. Becoulet8, N. Bekris35, M. Beldishevski7, K. Bell7, F. Belli90, M. Bellinger7, É. Belonohy62, N. Ben Ayed7, N.A. Benterman7, H. Bergsåker42, J. Bernardo53, M. Bernert62, M. Berry7, L. Bertalot55, C. Besliu7, M. Beurskens63, B. Bieg61, J. Bielecki47, T. Biewer73, M. Bigi12, P. Bílková50, F. Binda22, A. Bisoffi31, J.P.S. Bizarro53, C. Björkas101, J. Blackburn7, K. Blackman7, T.R. Blackman7, P. Blanchard33, P. Blatchford7, V. Bobkov62, A. Boboc7, G. Bodnár113, O. Bogar18, I. Bolshakova60, T. Bolzonella12, N. Bonanomi97, F. Bonelli56, J. Boom62, J. Booth7, D. Borba35,53, D. Borodin39, I. Borodkina39, A. Botrugno90, C. Bottereau8, P. Boulting7, C. Bourdelle8, M. Bowden7, C. Bower7, C. Bowman110, T. Boyce7, C. Boyd7, H.J. Boyer7, J.M.A. Bradshaw7, V. Braic87, R. Bravanec40, B. Breizman107, S. Bremond8, P.D. Brennan7, S. Breton8, A. Brett7, S. Brezinsek39, M.D.J. Bright7, M. Brix7, W. Broeckx78, M. Brombin12, A. Brosławski65, D.P.D. Brown7, M. Brown7, E. Bruno55, J. Bucalossi8, J. Buch46, J. Buchanan7, M.A. Buckley7, R. Budny76, H. Bufferand8, M. Bulman7, N. Bulmer7, P. Bunting7, P. Buratti90, A. Burckhart62, A. Buscarino30, A. Busse7, N.K. Butler7, I. Bykov42, J. Byrne7, P. Cahyna50, G. Calabrò90, I. Calvo57, Y. Camenen4, P. Camp7, D.C. Campling7, J. Cane7, B. Cannas17, A.J. Capel7, P.J. Card7, A. Cardinali90, P. Carman7, M. Carr7, D. Carralero62, L. Carraro12, B.B. Carvalho53, I. Carvalho53, P. Carvalho53, F.J. Casson7, C. Castaldo90, N. Catarino53, J. Caumont7, F. Causa90, R. Cavazzana12, K. Cave-Ayland7, M. Cavinato12, M. Cecconello22, S. Ceccuzzi90, E. Cecil76, A. Cenedese12, R. Cesario90, C.D. Challis7, M. Chandler7, D. Chandra46, C.S. Chang76, A. Chankin62, I.T. Chapman7, S.C. Chapman28, M. Chernyshova49, G. Chitarin12, G. Ciraolo8, D. Ciric7, J. Citrin38, F. Clairet8, E. Clark7, M. Clark7, R. Clarkson7, D. Clatworthy7, C. Clements7, M. Cleverly7, J.P. Coad7, P.A. Coates7, A. Cobalt7, V. Coccorese105, V. Cocilovo90, S. Coda33, R. Coelho53, J.W. Coenen39, I. Coffey29, L. Colas8, S. Collins7, D. Conka103, S. Conroy22, N. Conway7, D. Coombs7, D. Cooper7, S.R. Cooper7, C. Corradino30, Y. Corre8, G. Corrigan7, S. Cortes53, D. Coster62, A.S. Couchman7, M.P. Cox7, T. Craciunescu86, S. Cramp7, R. Craven7, F. Crisanti90, G. Croci97, D. Croft7, K. Crombé15, R. Crowe7, N. Cruz53, G. Cseh113, A. Cufar81, A. Cullen7, M. Curuia85, A. Czarnecka49, H. Dabirikhah7, P. Dalgliesh7, S. Dalley7, J. Dankowski47, D. Darrow76, O. Davies7, W. Davis55,76, C. Day56, I.E. Day7, M. De Bock55, A. de Castro57, E. de la Cal57, E. de la Luna57, G. De Masi12, J. L. de Pablos57, G. De Temmerman55, G. De Tommasi105, P. de Vries55, K. Deakin7, J. Deane7, F. Degli Agostini12, R. Dejarnac50, E. Delabie73, N. den Harder38, R.O. Dendy7, J. Denis8, P. Denner39, S. Devaux62,104, P. Devynck8, F. Di Maio55, A. Di Siena62, C. Di Troia90, P. Dinca86, R. D’Inca62, B. Ding51, T. Dittmar39, H. Doerk62, R.P. Doerner9, T. Donné34, S.E. Dorling7, S. Dormido-Canto93, S. Doswon7, D. Douai8, P.T. Doyle7, A. Drenik62,81, P. Drewelow63, P. Drews39, Ph. Duckworth55, R. Dumont8, P. Dumortier58, D. Dunai113, M. Dunne62, I. Ďuran50, F. Durodié58, P. Dutta46, B. P. Duval33, R. Dux62, K. Dylst78, N. Dzysiuk22, P.V. Edappala46, J. Edmond7, A.M. Edwards7, J. Edwards7, Th. Eich62, A. Ekedahl8, R. El-Jorf7, C.G. Elsmore7, M. Enachescu84, G. Ericsson22, F. Eriksson16, J. Eriksson22, L.G. Eriksson36, B. Esposito90, S. Esquembri94, H.G. Esser39, D. Esteve8, B. Evans7, G.E. Evans7, G. Evison7, G.D. Ewart7, D. Fagan7, M. Faitsch62, D. Falie86, A. Fanni17, A. Fasoli33, J. M. Faustin33, N. Fawlk7, L. Fazendeiro53, N. Fedorczak8, R.C. Felton7, K. Fenton7, A. Fernades53, H. Fernandes53, J. Ferreira53, J.A. Fessey7, O. Février8, O. Ficker50, A. Field7, S. Fietz62, A. Figueiredo53, J. Figueiredo53,35, A. Fil8, P. Finburg7, M. Firdaouss8, U. Fischer56, L. Fittill7, M. Fitzgerald7, D. Flammini90, J. Flanagan7, C. Fleming7, K. Flinders7, N. Fonnesu90, J. M. Fontdecaba57, A. Formisano79, L. Forsythe7, L. Fortuna30, E. Fortuna-Zalesna19, M. Fortune7, S. Foster7, T. Franke34, T. Franklin7, M. Frasca30, L. Frassinetti42, M. Freisinger39, R. Fresa98, D. Frigione90, V. Fuchs50, D. Fuller35, S. Futatani6, J. Fyvie7, K. Gál34,62, D. Galassi2, K. Gałązka49, J. Galdon-Quiroga92, J. Gallagher7, D. Gallart6, R. Galvão10, X. Gao51, Y. Gao39, J. Garcia8, A. Garcia-Carrasco42, M. García-Muñoz92, J.-L. Gardarein3, L. Garzotti7, P. Gaudio95, E. Gauthier8, D.F. Gear7, S.J. Gee7, B. Geiger62, M. Gelfusa95, S. Gerasimov7, G. Gervasini45, M. Gethins7, Z. Ghani7, M. Ghate46, M. Gherendi86, J.C. Giacalone8, L. Giacomelli45, C.S. Gibson7, T. Giegerich56, C. Gil8, L. Gil53, S. Gilligan7, D. Gin54, E. Giovannozzi90, J.B. Girardo8, C. Giroud7, G. Giruzzi8, S. Glöggler62, J. Godwin7, J. Goff7, P. Gohil43, V. Goloborod’ko102, R. Gomes53, B. Gonçalves53, M. Goniche8, M. Goodliffe7, A. Goodyear7, G. Gorini97, M. Gosk65, R. Goulding76, A. Goussarov78, R. Gowland7, B. Graham7, M.E. Graham7, J. P. Graves33, N. Grazier7, P. Grazier7, N.R. Green7, H. Greuner62, B. Grierson76, F.S. Griph7, C. Grisolia8, D. Grist7, M. Groth1, R. Grove73, C.N. Grundy7, J. Grzonka19, D. Guard7, C. Guérard34, C. Guillemaut8,53, R. Guirlet8, C. Gurl7, H.H. Utoh69, L.J. Hackett7, S. Hacquin8,35, A. Hagar7, R. Hager76, A. Hakola112, M. Halitovs103, S.J. Hall7, S.P. Hallworth Cook7, C. Hamlyn-Harris7, K. Hammond7, C. Harrington7, J. Harrison7, D. Harting7, F. Hasenbeck39, Y. Hatano108, D.R. Hatch107, T.D.V. Haupt7, J. Hawes7, N.C. Hawkes7, J. Hawkins7, P. Hawkins7, P.W. Haydon7, N. Hayter7, S. Hazel7, P.J.L. Heesterman7, K. Heinola101, C. Hellesen22, T. Hellsten42, W. Helou8, O.N. Hemming7, T.C. Hender7, M. Henderson55, S.S. Henderson21, R. Henriques53, D. Hepple7, G. Hermon7, P. Hertout8, C. Hidalgo57, E.G. Highcock27, M. Hill7, J. Hillairet8, J. Hillesheim7, D. Hillis73, K. Hizanidis70, A. Hjalmarsson22, J. Hobirk62, E. Hodille8, C.H.A. Hogben7, G.M.D. Hogeweij38, A. Hollingsworth7, S. Hollis7, D.A. Homfray7, J. Horáček50, G. Hornung15, A.R. Horton7, L.D. Horton36, L. Horvath110, S.P. Hotchin7, M.R. Hough7, P.J. Howarth7, A. Hubbard64, A. Huber39, V. Huber39, T.M. Huddleston7, M. Hughes7, G.T.A. Huijsmans55, C.L. Hunter7, P. Huynh8, A.M. Hynes7, D. Iglesias7, N. Imazawa69, F. Imbeaux8, M. Imríšek50, M. Incelli109, P. Innocente12, M. Irishkin8, I. Ivanova-Stanik49, S. Jachmich58,35, A.S. Jacobsen83, P. Jacquet7, J. Jansons103, A. Jardin8, A. Järvinen1, F. Jaulmes38, S. Jednoróg49, I. Jenkins7, C. Jeong20, I. Jepu86, E. Joffrin8, R. Johnson7, T. Johnson42, Jane Johnston7, L. Joita7, G. Jones7, T.T.C. Jones7, K.K. Hoshino69, A. Kallenbach62, K. Kamiya69, J. Kaniewski7, A. Kantor7, A. Kappatou62, J. Karhunen1, D. Karkinsky7, I. Karnowska7, M. Kaufman73, G. Kaveney7, Y. Kazakov58, V. Kazantzidis70, D.L. Keeling7, T. Keenan7, J. Keep7, M. Kempenaars7, C. Kennedy7, D. Kenny7, J. Kent7, O.N. Kent7, E. Khilkevich54, H.T. Kim35, H.S. Kim80, A. Kinch7, C. king7, D. King7, R.F. King7, D.J. Kinna7, V. Kiptily7, A. Kirk7, K. Kirov7, A. Kirschner39, G. Kizane103, C. Klepper73, A. Klix56, P. Knight7, S.J. Knipe7, S. Knott96, T. Kobuchi69, F. Köchl111, G. Kocsis113, I. Kodeli81, L. Kogan7, D. Kogut8, S. Koivuranta112, Y. Kominis70, M. Köppen39, B. Kos81, T. Koskela1, H.R. Koslowski39, M. Koubiti4, M. Kovari7, E. Kowalska-Strzęciwilk49, A. Krasilnikov88, V. Krasilnikov88, N. Krawczyk49, M. Kresina8, K. Krieger62, A. Krivska58, U. Kruezi7, I. Książek48, A. Kukushkin72, A. Kundu46, T. Kurki-Suonio1, S. Kwak20, R. Kwiatkowski65, O.J. Kwon13, L. Laguardia45, A. Lahtinen101, A. Laing7, N. Lam7, H.T. Lambertz39, C. Lane7, P.T. Lang62, S. Lanthaler33, J. Lapins103, A. Lasa101, J.R. Last7, E. Łaszyńska49, R. Lawless7, A. Lawson7, K.D. Lawson7, A. Lazaros70, E. Lazzaro45, J. Leddy110, S. Lee66, X. Lefebvre7, H.J. Leggate32, J. Lehmann7, M. Lehnen55, D. Leichtle41, P. Leichuer7, F. Leipold55,83, I. Lengar81, M. Lennholm36, E. Lerche58, A. Lescinskis103, S. Lesnoj7, E. Letellier7, M. Leyland110, W. Leysen78, L. Li39, Y. Liang39, J. Likonen112, J. Linke39, Ch. Linsmeier39, B. Lipschultz110, G. Liu55, Y. Liu51, V.P. Lo Schiavo105, T. Loarer8, A. Loarte55, R.C. Lobel7, B. Lomanowski1, P.J. Lomas7, J. Lönnroth1,35, J. M. López94, J. López-Razola57, R. Lorenzini12, U. Losada57, J.J. Lovell7, A.B. Loving7, C. Lowry36, T. Luce43, R.M.A. Lucock7, A. Lukin74, C. Luna5, M. Lungaroni95, C.P. Lungu86, M. Lungu86, A. Lunniss110, I. Lupelli7, A. Lyssoivan58, N. Macdonald7, P. Macheta7, K. Maczewa7, B. Magesh46, P. Maget8, C. Maggi7, H. Maier62, J. Mailloux7, T. Makkonen1, R. Makwana46, A. Malaquias53, A. Malizia95, P. Manas4, A. Manning7, M.E. Manso53, P. Mantica45, M. Mantsinen6, A. Manzanares91, Ph. Maquet55, Y. Marandet4, N. Marcenko88, C. Marchetto45, O. Marchuk39, M. Marinelli95, M. Marinucci90, T. Markovič50, D. Marocco90, L. Marot26, C.A. Marren7, R. Marshal7, A. Martin7, Y. Martin33, A. Martín de Aguilera57, F.J. Martínez93, J. R. Martín-Solís14, Y. Martynova39, S. Maruyama55, A. Masiello12, M. Maslov7, S. Matejcik18, M. Mattei79, G.F. Matthews7, F. Maviglia11, M. Mayer62, M.L. Mayoral34, T. May-Smith7, D. Mazon8, C. Mazzotta90, R. McAdams7, P.J. McCarthy96, K.G. McClements7, O. McCormack12, P.A. McCullen7, D. McDonald34, S. McIntosh7, R. McKean7, J. McKehon7, R.C. Meadows7, A. Meakins7, F. Medina57, M. Medland7, S. Medley7, S. Meigh7, A.G. Meigs7, G. Meisl62, S. Meitner73, L. Meneses53, S. Menmuir7,42, K. Mergia71, I.R. Merrigan7, Ph. Mertens39, S. Meshchaninov88, A. Messiaen58, H. Meyer7, S. Mianowski65, R. Michling55, D. Middleton-Gear7, J. Miettunen1, F. Militello7, E. Militello-Asp7, G. Miloshevsky77, F. Mink62, S. Minucci105, Y. Miyoshi69, J. Mlynář50, D. Molina8, I. Monakhov7, M. Moneti109, R. Mooney7, S. Moradi37, S. Mordijck43, L. Moreira7, R. Moreno57, F. Moro90, A.W. Morris7, J. Morris7, L. Moser26, S. Mosher73, D. Moulton7,1, A. Murari12,35, A. Muraro45, S. Murphy7, N.N. Asakura69, Y.S. Na80, F. Nabais53, R. Naish7, T. Nakano69, E. Nardon8, V. Naulin83, M.F.F. Nave53, I. Nedzelski53, G. Nemtsev88, F. Nespoli33, A. Neto41, R. Neu62, V.S. Neverov72, M. Newman7, K.J. Nicholls7, T. Nicolas33, A.H. Nielsen83, P. Nielsen12, E. Nilsson8, D. Nishijima99, C. Noble7, M. Nocente97, D. Nodwell7, K. Nordlund101, H. Nordman16, R. Nouailletas8, I. Nunes53, M. Oberkofler62, T. Odupitan7, M.T. Ogawa69, T. O’Gorman7, M. Okabayashi76, R. Olney7, O. Omolayo7, M. O’Mullane21, J. Ongena58, F. Orsitto11, J. Orszagh18, B.I. Oswuigwe7, R. Otin7, A. Owen7, R. Paccagnella12, N. Pace7, D. Pacella90, L.W. Packer7, A. Page7, E. Pajuste103, S. Palazzo30, S. Pamela7, S. Panja46, P. Papp18, R. Paprok50, V. Parail7, M. Park66, F. Parra Diaz27, M. Parsons73, R. Pasqualotto12, A. Patel7, S. Pathak46, D. Paton7, H. Patten33, A. Pau17, E. Pawelec48, C. Paz Soldan43, A. Peackoc36, I.J. Pearson7, S.-P. Pehkonen112, E. Peluso95, C. Penot55, A. Pereira57, R. Pereira53, P.P. Pereira Puglia7, C. Perez von Thun35,39, S. Peruzzo12, S. Peschanyi56, M. Peterka50, P. Petersson42, G. Petravich113, A. Petre84, N. Petrella7, V. Petržilka50, Y. Peysson8, D. Pfefferlé33, V. Philipps39, M. Pillon90, G. Pintsuk39, P. Piovesan12, A. Pires dos Reis52, L. Piron7, A. Pironti105, F. Pisano17, R. Pitts55, F. Pizzo79, V. Plyusnin53, N. Pomaro12, O.G. Pompilian86, P.J. Pool7, S. Popovichev7, M.T. Porfiri90, C. Porosnicu86, M. Porton7, G. Possnert22, S. Potzel62, T. Powell7, J. Pozzi7, V. Prajapati46, R. Prakash46, G. Prestopino95, D. Price7, M. Price7, R. Price7, P. Prior7, R. Proudfoot7, G. Pucella90, P. Puglia52, M.E. Puiatti12, D. Pulley7, K. Purahoo7, Th. Pütterich62, E. Rachlew25, M. Rack39, R. Ragona58, M.S.J. Rainford7, A. Rakha6, G. Ramogida90, S. Ranjan46, C.J. Rapson62, J.J. Rasmussen83, K. Rathod46, G. Rattá57, S. Ratynskaia82, G. Ravera90, C. Rayner7, M. Rebai97, D. Reece7, A. Reed7, D. Réfy113, B. Regan7, J. Regaña34, M. Reich62, N. Reid7, F. Reimold39, M. Reinhart34, M. Reinke110,73, D. Reiser39, D. Rendell7, C. Reux8, S.D.A. Reyes Cortes53, S. Reynolds7, V. Riccardo7, N. Richardson7, K. Riddle7, D. Rigamonti97, F.G. Rimini7, J. Risner73, M. Riva90, C. Roach7, R.J. Robins7, S.A. Robinson7, T. Robinson7, D.W. Robson7, R. Roccella55, R. Rodionov88, P. Rodrigues53, J. Rodriguez7, V. Rohde62, F. Romanelli90, M. Romanelli7, S. Romanelli7, J. Romazanov39, S. Rowe7, M. Rubel42, G. Rubinacci105, G. 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Sommariva8, P. Sonato12, A. Sopplesa12, J. Sousa53, C. Sozzi45, S. Spagnolo12, T. Spelzini7, F. Spineanu86, G. Stables7, I. Stamatelatos71, M.F. Stamp7, P. Staniec7, G. Stankūnas59, C. Stan-Sion84, M.J. Stead7, E. Stefanikova42, I. Stepanov58, A.V. Stephen7, M. Stephen46, A. Stevens7, B.D. Stevens7, J. Strachan76, P. Strand16, H.R. Strauss44, P. Ström42, G. Stubbs7, W. Studholme7, F. Subba75, H.P. Summers21, J. Svensson63, Ł. Świderski65, T. Szabolics113, M. Szawlowski49, G. Szepesi7, T.T. Suzuki69, B. Tál113, T. Tala112, A.R. Talbot7, S. Talebzadeh95, C. Taliercio12, P. Tamain8, C. Tame7, W. Tang76, M. Tardocchi45, L. Taroni12, D. Taylor7, K.A. Taylor7, D. Tegnered16, G. Telesca15, N. Teplova54, D. Terranova12, D. Testa33, E. Tholerus42, J. Thomas7, J.D. Thomas7, P. Thomas55, A. Thompson7, C.-A. Thompson7, V.K. Thompson7, L. Thorne7, A. Thornton7, A.S. Thrysøe83, P.A. Tigwell7, N. Tipton7, I. Tiseanu86, H. Tojo69, M. Tokitani67, P. Tolias82, M. Tomeš50, P. Tonner7, M. Towndrow7, P. Trimble7, M. Tripsky58, M. Tsalas38, P. Tsavalas71, D. Tskhakaya jun102, I. Turner7, M.M. Turner32, M. Turnyanskiy34, G. Tvalashvili7, S.G.J. Tyrrell7, A. Uccello45, Z. Ul-Abidin7, J. Uljanovs1, D. Ulyatt7, H. Urano69, I. Uytdenhouwen78, A.P. Vadgama7, D. Valcarcel7, M. Valentinuzzi8, M. Valisa12, P. Vallejos Olivares42, M. Valovic7, M. Van De Mortel7, D. Van Eester58, W. Van Renterghem78, G.J. van Rooij38, J. Varje1, S. Varoutis56, S. Vartanian8, K. Vasava46, T. Vasilopoulou71, J. Vega57, G. Verdoolaege58, R. Verhoeven7, C. Verona95, G. Verona Rinati95, E. Veshchev55, N. Vianello45, J. Vicente53, E. Viezzer62,92, S. Villari90, F. Villone100, P. Vincenzi12, I. Vinyar74, B. Viola90, A. Vitins103, Z. Vizvary7, M. Vlad86, I. Voitsekhovitch34, P. Vondráček50, N. Vora7, T. Vu8, W.W. Pires de Sa52, B. Wakeling7, C.W.F. Waldon7, N. Walkden7, M. Walker7, R. Walker7, M. Walsh55, E. Wang39, N. Wang39, S. Warder7, R.J. Warren7, J. Waterhouse7, N.W. Watkins28, C. Watts55, T. Wauters58, A. Weckmann42, J. Weiland23, H. Weisen33, M. Weiszflog22, C. Wellstood7, A.T. West7, M.R. Wheatley7, S. Whetham7, A.M. Whitehead7, B.D. Whitehead7, A.M. Widdowson7, S. Wiesen39, J. Wilkinson7, J. Williams7, M. Williams7, A.R. Wilson7, D.J. Wilson7, H.R. Wilson110, J. Wilson7, M. Wischmeier62, G. Withenshaw7, A. Withycombe7, D.M. Witts7, D. Wood7, R. Wood7, C. Woodley7, S. Wray7, J. Wright7, J.C. Wright64, J. Wu89, S. Wukitch64, A. Wynn110, T. Xu7, D. Yadikin16, W. Yanling39, L. Yao89, V. Yavorskij102, M.G. Yoo80, C. Young7, D. Young7, I.D. Young7, R. Young7, J. Zacks7, R. Zagorski49, F.S. Zaitsev18, R. Zanino75, A. Zarins103, K.D. Zastrow7, M. Zerbini90, W. Zhang62, Y. Zhou42, E. Zilli12, V. Zoita86, S. Zoletnik113, I. Zychor65 and JET Contributorsa // EUROfusion Consortium JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 1 Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland / 2 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451, Marseille, France / 3 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France / 4 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, 13013 Marseille, France / 5 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America / 6 Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain / 7 CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 8 CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 9 Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America / 10 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud, 160, Rio de Janeiro CEP 22290-180, Brazil / 11 Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 12 Consorzio RFX, corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy / 13 Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-174, Republic of Korea / 14 Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain / 15 Department of Applied Physics UG (Ghent University) St-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Ghent, Belgium / 16 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 17 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi 09123, Cagliari, Italy / 18 Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics Comenius University Mlynska dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia / 19 Department of Materials Science, Warsaw University of Technology, PL-01-152 Warsaw, Poland / 20 Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea / 21 Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, United Kingdom / 22 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden / 23 Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 24 Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom / 25 Department of Physics, SCI, KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden / 26 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland / 27 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom / 28 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom / 29 Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Queens University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom / 30 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy / 31 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy / 32 Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland / 33 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland / 34 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany / 35 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Culham, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 36 European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium / 37 Fluid and Plasma Dynamics, ULB—Campus Plaine—CP 231 Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium / 38 FOM Institute DIFFER, Eindhoven, Netherlands / 39 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany / 40 Fourth State Research, 503 Lockhart Dr, Austin, TX, United States of America / 41 Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pl. 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral B3, 08019, Barcelona, Spain / 42 Fusion Plasma Physics, EES, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden / 43 General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America / 44 HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, United States of America / 45 IFP-CNR, via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy / 46 Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, Gujarat State, India / 47 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland / 48 Institute of Physics, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland / 49 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland / 50 Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czechia / 51 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China / 52 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão Travessa R Nr.187 CEP 05508-090 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil / 53 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal / 54 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation / 55 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon, CS 90 046, 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 56 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany / 57 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain / 58 Laboratory for Plasma Physics Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire, Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance B-1000, Brussels, Belgium / 59 Lithuanian energy institute, Breslaujos g. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania / 60 Magnetic Sensor Laboratory, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine / 61 Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland / 62 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany / 63 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinsitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany / 64 MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Centre, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America / 65 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland / 66 National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea / 67 National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan / 68 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan / 69 National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan / 70 National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 157 73 Zografou, Athens, Greece / 71 NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 153 10, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece / 72 NRC Kurchatov Institute, 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation / 73 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169, United States of America / 74 PELIN LLC, 27a, Gzhatskaya Ulitsa, Saint Petersburg, 195220, Russian Federation / 75 Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy / 76 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, James Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America / 77 Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America / 78 SCK-CEN, Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium / 79 Second University of Napoli, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 80 Seoul National University, Shilim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Republic of Korea / 81 Slovenian Fusion Association (SFA), Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia / 82 Space and Plasma Physics, EES, KTH SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden / 83 Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Bldg 309, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark / 84 The ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 85 The National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania / 86 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 87 The National Institute for Optoelectronics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 88 Troitsk Insitute of Innovating and Thermonuclear Research (TRINITI), Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russian Federation / 89 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China / 90 Unità Tecnica Fusione, ENEA C. R. Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy / 91 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain / 92 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain / 93 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain / 94 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo I2A2, Madrid, Spain / 95 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy / 96 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland / 97 University Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy / 98 University of Basilicata, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 99 University of California, 1111 Franklin St., Oakland, CA 94607, United States of America / 100 University of Cassino, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 101 University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland / 102 University of Innsbruck, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Innsbruck, Austria / 103 University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV 1586, Latvia / 104 University of Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7198, YIJL, Nancy, France / 105 University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 106 University of Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 107 University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America / 108 University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan / 109 University of Tuscia, DEIM, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy / 110 University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom / 111 Vienna University of Technology, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Austria / 112 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland / 113 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, PO Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
Published: 2017

63. Performance of the prototype LaBr

Author: D, Rigamonti, A, Muraro, M, Nocente, V, Perseo, G, Boltruczyk, A, Fernandes, J, Figueiredo, L, Giacomelli, G, Gorini, M, Gosk, V, Kiptily, S, Korolczuk, S, Mianowski, A, Murari, R C, Pereira, E P, Cippo, I, Zychor, and M, Tardocchi
Abstract: In this work, we describe the solution developed by the gamma ray camera upgrade enhancement project to improve the spectroscopic properties of the existing JET γ-ray camera. Aim of the project is to enable gamma-ray spectroscopy in JET deuterium-tritium plasmas. A dedicated pilot spectrometer based on a LaBr
Published: 2016

64. Gamma-ray spectroscopy at MHz counting rates with a compact LaBr

Author: M, Nocente, D, Rigamonti, V, Perseo, M, Tardocchi, G, Boltruczyk, A, Broslawski, A, Cremona, G, Croci, M, Gosk, V, Kiptily, S, Korolczuk, M, Mazzocco, A, Muraro, E, Strano, I, Zychor, and G, Gorini
Abstract: Gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements at MHz counting rates have been carried out, for the first time, with a compact spectrometer based on a LaBr
Published: 2016

65. First neutron spectroscopy measurements with a compact C7LYC based detector at EAST

Author: L. J. Ge, Ruhong Zhou, Yimo Zhang, Z. M. Hu, C. Cattadori, E. Perelli Cippo, G. Croci, M. Nocente, D. Rigamonti, Marica Rebai, Giuseppe Gorini, Marco Tardocchi, Tieshuan Fan, F. Camera, Andrea Muraro, G. Q. Zhong, L. Giacomelli, Liqun Hu, Rigamonti, D, Zhong, G, Croci, G, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Hu, Z, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Camera, F, Cattadori, C, Zhou, R, Hu, L, Ge, L, Zhang, Y, and Fan, T
Subjects: fast neutrons), gas and liquid scintillators), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Neutron emission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostics, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostic, 01 natural sciences, thermal, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), Neutral beam injection, Neutron spectroscopy, Neutron detectors (cold, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, Scintillators, Plasma diagnostics, business, Neutron detectors (cold, thermal, fast neutrons)
Abstract: The paper describes a new compact neutron spectrometer optimized for the detection of 2.5 MeV neutrons for fusion plasma applications. The first neutron spectroscopy measurements on a nuclear fusion plasma experiment (EAST) with this detector are also reported together with the data interpretation. The detector allowed separating the different neutron emission components from the plasma and to validate the effectiveness of the Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) heating. A possible improvement of the diagnostic has been also identified in order to increase the detector sensitivity to weak components of the neutron spectrum, such as those due to the Ion Cyclotron Resonace Heating (ICRH). The relatively simple response function of the (CLYC)-L-7 detector to 2.5 MeV neutrons together with its good capability in the n/gamma discrimination, makes this detector an interesting spectrometer for deuterium (D) plasma diagnostics. In particular, its compactness allows for integration in a multi-line of sight camera where space constraints are present.
Published: 2019

66. High performance detectors for upgraded gamma ray diagnostics for JET DT campaigns

Author: G. Boltruczyk, Bruno Santos, J. Iwanowska-Hanke, S. Soare, Marek Szawlowski, P. Sibczynski, M. Tardocchi, V. G. Kiptily, S. Mianowski, M. Gosk, A. Burakowska, Lukasz Swiderski, Vasile Zoita, M. Gierlik, Agnieszka Syntfeld-Kazuch, A. Murari, Massimo Nocente, L. Giacomelli, M Grodzicka, J. Rzadkiewicz, Tomasz Szczesniak, Giuseppe Gorini, S. Korolczuk, A. Urban, João Figueiredo, Jet Contributors, Ana Fernandes, Marek Moszynski, Adam Szydlowski, Teddy Craciunescu, D. Rigamonti, G. Kaveney, R. C. Pereira, I. Zychor, Roch Kwiatkowski, J. Szewiński, V. Perseo, Zychor, I, Boltruczyk, G, Burakowska, A, Craciunescu, T, Fernandes, A, Figueiredo, J, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Gierlik, M, Gosk, M, Grodzicka, M, Iwanowska Hanke, J, Kaveney, G, Kiptily, V, Korolczuk, S, Kwiatkowski, R, Mianowski, S, Moszynski, M, Murari, A, Nocente, M, Pereira, R, Perseo, V, Rigamonti, D, Rzadkiewicz, J, Sibczynski, P, Santos, B, Soare, S, Syntfeld Kazuch, A, Swiderski, L, Szawlowski, M, Szczesniak, T, Szewinski, J, Szydlowski, A, Tardocchi, M, Urban, A, and Zoita, V
Subjects: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optic, gamma-ray spectrometry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, energy resolution, Photodetector, scintillators, Condensed Matter Physic, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, decay time, detection efficiency, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, education, tokamak, Mathematical Physics, Physics, education.field_of_study, Jet (fluid), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Gamma ray, Response time, MPPC, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, scintillator
Abstract: In forthcoming deuterium-tritium (DT) experiments on JET a significant population of alpha-particles will be produced. For operating alpha-particle diagnostics at high DT neutron fluxes, specific improvements have to be made. Proposed new detectors for gamma-ray measurements will be based on CeBr3 and LaBr3:Ce scintillators. They are characterized by a good energy resolution, a relatively high detection efficiency for a few MeV gamma-rays and a fast response time. An overview of scintillator parameters is presented. A description of the properties of photodetectors is given to indicate optimal setups. Results of measurements, using gamma-ray sources with energies up to a few MeV, are discussed with relation to the DT campaign requirements.
Published: 2016
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67. 14 MeV calibration of JET neutron detectors—phase 2: in-vessel calibration

Author: A. Peacock, R. Price, A. Reed, Jet Contributors, Paola Batistoni, Peter Hawkins, Sean Conroy, V. Krasilnikov, J. Stephens, K. Keogh, Mario Pillon, Stefano Loreti, Jakub Bielecki, D. Rigamonti, Z. Ghani, E. Laszynska, Sergey Popovichev, A. Cufar, L. Giacomelli, J. Dankowski, Slawomir Jednorog, Pillon, M., Loreti, S., and Batistoni, P.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Neutron transport, Neutron emission, fusion power measurement, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, neutron calibration, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Neutron temperature, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Neutron generator, 0103 physical sciences, fusion reactor, Neutron detection, Neutron source, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: A new DT campaign (DTE2) is planned at JET in 2020 to minimize the risks of ITER operations. In view of DT operations, a calibration of the JET neutron monitors at 14 MeV neutron energy has been performed using a well calibrated 14 MeV neutron generator (NG) deployed, together with its power supply and control unit, inside the vacuum vessel by the JET remote handling system. The NG was equipped with two calibrated diamond detectors, which continuously monitored its neutron emission rate during the calibration, and activation foils which provided the time integrated yield. Cables embedded in the remote handling boom were used to power the neutron generator, the active detectors and pre-amplifier, and to transport the detectors' signal. The monitoring activation foils were retrieved at the end of each day for decay γ-ray counting, and replaced by fresh ones. About 76 hours of irradiation, in 9 days, were needed with the neutron generator in 73 different poloidal and toroidal positions in order to calibrate the two neutron yield measuring systems available at JET, the 235U fission chambers (KN1) and the inner activation system (KN2). The NG neutron emission rates provided by the monitoring detectors were in agreement within 3%. Neutronics calculations have been performed using MCNP code and a detailed model of JET to derive the response of the JET neutron detectors to DT plasma neutrons starting from the response to the NG neutrons, and taking into account the anisotropy of the neutron generator and all the calibration circumstances. These calculations have made use of a very detailed and validated geometrical description of the neutron generator and of the modified MNCP neutron source subroutine producing neutron energy-angle distribution for the neutrons emitted by the NG. The KN1 calibration factor for a DT plasma has been determined with ±4.2% experimental uncertainty. Corrections due to NG and remote handling effects and the plasma volume effect have been calculated by simulation modelling. The related additional uncertainties are difficult to estimate, however the results of the previous calibration in 2013 have demonstrated that such uncertainties due to modelling are globally ±3%. It has been found that the difference between KN1 response to DD neutrons and that to DT neutrons is within the uncertainties in the derived responses. KN2 has been calibrated using the 93Nb(n,2n)92mNb and 27Al(n,a)24Na activation reactions (energy thresholds 10 MeV and 5 MeV, respectively). The total uncertainty on the calibration factors is ±6% for 93Nb(n,2n)92mNb and ±8% 27Al(n,a)24Na (1σ). The calibration factors of the two independent systems KN1 and KN2 will be validated during DT operations. The experience gained and the lessons learnt are presented and discussed in particular with regard to the 14 MeV neutron calibrations in ITER. © 2018 EURATOM.
Published: 2018

68. Capabilities of a Diamond Detector matrix for neutron spectroscopy measurements at JET

Author: D. Rigamonti, M. Tardocchi, C. Cazzaniga, M. Rebai, G. Croci, L. C. Giacomelli, G. Grosso, A. Muraro, M. Nocente, E. Perelli Cippo, P. Calvani, M. Girolami, D. M.Trucchi, M. Angelone, M. Pillon, J. Figuereido, A. Murari, G. Gorini, and JET Contributors
Subjects: Neutron detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Neutron spectroscopy, Ionizing radiation detectors, Diamond, Nuclear Experiment, Fusion
Abstract: Single-crystal Diamond Detectors (SDDs) feature high radiation hardness, fast response and compact size. This makes SDDs ideal candidates for fast neutron detectors in environment where high neutron flux is an issue such as the next generation burning plasmas experiments. Neutron detection in SDD is based on the collection of electron-hole pairs produced by charged particles generated by neutron interaction with 12C nuclei. For neutron energies above about 7 MeV neutron spectroscopy is possible by measuring the deposited energy into the detector via the reaction 12C(n,a)9Be. This is indeed the cases of SDD measurements of 14 MeV neutrons of DT plasmas. A single pixel SDD (4.5x4.5x0.5 mm^3) prototype was installed at JET in 2013 and the achieved results allowed to assess also the neutron spectroscopic capability of deuterium plasmas. A 12-pixels SDD matrix has been recently realized and will be installed in 2015 at JET for DT plasmas as part of the Vertical Neutron Spectrometer project. In this paper calibration of the SDD matrix with alpha particles in the laboratory and 14 MeV neutrons performed at the ENEA Frascati Neutron Generator will be presented. These calibrations have been performed with a fast charge preamplifier combined to a fast digital data acquisition, which allows for neutron spectroscopy measurements with simultaneously high energy resolution and high count rate capability. Both requirements are essential for neutron spectroscopy of high power fusion plasmas. The calibrations results achieved extrapolate favourably in view of future neutron spectroscopy measurements at JET using diamond detectors.
Published: 2015

69. Recent Progress in Silicon Photonics R&D and Manufacturing on 300mm Wafer Platform

Author: D. Rigamonti, Matteo Traldi, Alexis Farcy, Mark Andrew Shaw, Sebastien Cremer, Peng Sun, D. Ristoiu, P. Le Maitre, B. Orlando, Massimo Fere, H. Petiton, B. Sautreuil, C. Zaccherini, Thierry Pinguet, L. Salager, Frederic Boeuf, Attila Mekis, Nathalie Vulliet, Luigi Verga, Y. Chi, C. Elemi, Enrico Temporiti, Jean-Robert Manouvrier, Sébastien Jan, Gianlorenzo Masini, Luca Maggi, J.F. Carpentier, and Charles Baudot
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon photonics, business.industry, Optical testing, Silicon on insulator, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Semiconductor, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Optoelectronics, Microelectronics, Wafer, Integrated optics, Photonics, business
Abstract: A low cost 28Gbits/s Silicon Photonics platform using 300mm SOI wafers is demonstrated. Process, 3D integration of Electronic and Photonic ICs, device performance, circuit results and low cost packaging are discussed.
Published: 2015

70. Mosaic diamond detectors for fast neutrons and large ionizing radiation fields

Author: M. Girolami, A. Bellucci, P. Calvani, C. Cazzaniga, M. Rebai, D. Rigamonti, M. Tardocchi, and D. M. Trucchi
Subjects: diamond, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, neutrons, ionizing radiation, detectors
Abstract: Single-crystal Diamond Detectors (SDDs) are excellent candidates as fast neutron detectors in environments where high neutron flux is an issue, such as spallation neutron sources and the next generation thermonuclear fusion plasmas (ITER experiment). Recent measurements have demonstrated the SDD capability of measuring the neutron flux with a good energy resolution and at high rates. In this work, we present a novel mosaic detector based on a 12-pixel SDD matrix. Each pixel was characterized and calibrated by using a 241Am source: energy resolution mean value was evaluated to be 1.73% in air at 5.5 MeV. Moreover, measurements carried out under a large (3x3 cm2) X-ray beam showed a very high response uniformity (
Published: 2015

71. Conceptual design of the radial gamma ray spectrometers system forαparticle and runaway electron measurements at ITER

Author: J. Rzadkiewicz, E. Perelli Cippo, Gabriele Croci, Ana C. Fernandes, Mirko Salewski, Igor Lengar, Marica Rebai, Robin Barnsley, M. Tardocchi, L. Giacomelli, João M. C. Sousa, R. C. Pereira, V. Krasilnikov, D. Rigamonti, P. Santosh, Giuseppe Gorini, I. Zychor, Marek Moszynski, L. Di Pace, A. Muraro, Massimo Nocente, B. Brichard, G. Brolatti, Luciano Bertalot, Di Pace, L., Brolatti, G., Nocente, M, Tardocchi, M, Barnsley, R, Bertalot, L, Brichard, B, Croci, G, Brolatti, G, Di Pace, L, Fernandes, A, Giacomelli, L, Lengar, I, Moszynski, M, Krasilnikov, V, Muraro, A, Pereira, R, Perelli Cippo, E, Rigamonti, D, Rebai, M, Rzadkiewicz, J, Salewski, M, Santosh, P, Sousa, J, Zychor, I, and Gorini, G
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron, runaway electron, 01 natural sciences, Runaway electrons, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, Neutron, Gamma-ray spectroscopy, 010306 general physics, nuclear fusion, Alpha particles, Physics, Range (particle radiation), alpha particles, runaway electrons, Gamma ray spectroscopy, Bremsstrahlung, Gamma ray, Condensed Matter Physics, Distribution function, Alpha particle
Abstract: We here present the principles and main physics capabilities behind the design of the radial gamma ray spectrometers (RGRS) system for alpha particle and runaway electron measurements at ITER. The diagnostic benefits from recent advances in gamma-ray spectrometry for tokamak plasmas and combines space and high energy resolution in a single device. The RGRS system as designed can provide information on α particles on a time scale of 1/10 of the slowing down time for the ITER 500 MW full power DT scenario. Spectral observations of the 3.21 and 4.44 MeV peaks from the 9Be(α, nγ)12C reaction make the measurements sensitive to α particles at characteristic resonant energies and to possible anisotropies of their slowing down distribution function. An independent assessment of the neutron rate by gamma-ray emission is also feasible. In case of runaway electrons born in disruptions with a typical duration of 100 ms, a time resolution of at least 10 ms for runaway electron studies can be achieved depending on the scenario and down to a current of 40 kA by use of external gas injection. We find that the bremsstrahlung spectrum in the MeV range from confined runaways is sensitive to the electron velocity space up to E≈30-40 MeV, which allows for measurements of the energy distribution of the runaway electrons at ITER. © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Published: 2017

72. Thin YAP:Ce and LaBr3:Ce scintillators as proton detectors of a thin-film proton recoil neutron spectrometer for fusion and spallation sources applications

Author: Alberto Fazzi, Anders Hjalmarsson, Massimo Nocente, M. Tardocchi, D. Rigamonti, Göran Ericsson, Giuseppe Gorini, Carlo Cazzaniga, Cazzaniga, C, Nocente, M, Tardocchi, M, Fazzi, A, Hjalmarsson, A, Rigamonti, D, Ericsson, G, and Gorini, G
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Spectrometer, Fusion plasma, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Theory, Scintillator, Neutron spectroscopy, Nuclear physics, Fusion plasmas, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Neutron, Spallation, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Scintilla tars
Abstract: Two thin inorganic scintillators based on YAP and LaBr3 crystals (1 in, diameter x 0.1 in, height) have been used for proton measurements at the Uppsala tandem accelerator in the energy range 4-8 MeV. Measurements show a comparable good energy resolution for the two detectors, better than 2% (FWHM) for 8 MeV protons, which compares to 3.8% (LaBr3) and 3.7% (YAP) obtained at the 1.3 MeV peak of a Co-60 gamma-ray source. The main advantages of these crystals are a fast scintillation time (less than 30 ns), an excellent light yield and the capability to operate in large neutron background, which make them ideal candidates as proton detectors of a thin-film proton recoil neutron spectrometer for application on fusion experiments and fast neutron spallation sources. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2014

73. RADIATION THERAPY

Author: M. Anwar, J. Lupo, A. Molinaro, J. Clarke, N. Butowski, M. Prados, S. Chang, D. HaasKogan, S. Nelson, J. Ashman, J. Drazkowski, R. Zimmerman, T. Lidner, C. Giannini, A. Porter, N. Patel, I. Atean, N. Shin, A. Toltz, C. Laude, C. Freeman, J. Seuntjens, D. Roberge, M. Back, M. Kastelan, L. Guo, H. Wheeler, P. Beauchesne, G. Faure, G. Noel, T. Schmitt, L. Martin, E. Jadaud, C. Carnin, J. Bowers, N. Bennion, H. Lomas, K. Spencer, M. Richardson, W. McAllister, J. Sheehan, D. Schlesinger, R. Kersh, J. Brower, S. Gans, W. Hartsell, S. Goldman, J. H.-C. Chang, N. Mohammed, M. Siddiqui, V. Gondi, E. Christensen, S. Klawikowski, A. Garg, M. McAleer, L. Rhines, J. Yang, P. Brown, E. Chang, S. Settle, A. Ghia, M. Edson, G. N. Fuller, P. Allen, J. Li, A. Garsa, S. Badiyan, J. Simpson, J. Dowling, K. Rich, M. Chicoine, E. Leuthardt, A. Kim, C. Robinson, B. Gill, D. Peskorski, R. Lalonde, M. S. Huq, J. Flickinger, A. Graff, P. Clerkin, H. Smith, R. Isaak, J. Dinh, D. Grosshans, J. de Groot, S. McGovern, M. Gilbert, A. Mahajan, T. Gupta, S. Mohanty, S. Kannan, R. Jalali, J. Hardie, N. Laack, S. Kizilbash, J. Buckner, J. Uhm, I. Parney, R. Jenkins, P. Decker, J. Voss, R. Hiramatsu, S. Kawabata, M. Furuse, S.-I. Niyatake, T. Kuroiwa, M. Suzuki, K. Ono, C. Hobbs, L. Vallow, J. Peterson, K. Jaeckle, M. Heckman, R. Bhupendra, D. Horowitz, C.-S. Wuu, W. Feng, D. Drassinower, A. Lasala, A. Lassman, T. Wang, D. Indelicato, R. Rotondo, J. Bradley, E. Sandler, P. Aldana, N. Mendenhall, R. Marcus, R. Kabarriti, W. F. Mourad, D. M. Mejia, J. Glanzman, S. Patel, R. Young, M. Bernstein, L. Hong, J. Fox, P. LaSala, S. Kalnicki, M. Garg, S. Khatua, P. Hou, J. Wolff, J. Hamilton, W. Zaky, L. Ketonen, S.-H. Kim, S. R. Lee, null Ji, Y. Oh, U. Krishna, N. Shah, R. Pathak, A. Lila, P. Menon, A. Goel, R. Lall, T. Smith, A. Schumacher, A. McCaslin, J. Kalapurakal, J. Chandler, W. Magnuson, H. I. Robins, P. Mohindra, S. Howard, D. Manfredi, C. L. Rogers, M. Palmer, E. Hillebrandt, S. Bilton, G. Robinson, K. Velasco, M. Mehta, J. McGregor, J. Grecula, M. Ammirati, C. Pelloski, L. Lu, N. Gupta, S. Bell, S. Moller, I. Law, P. M. a. Rosenschold, J. Costa, H. S. Poulsen, S. A. Engelholm, A. Morrison, B. Cuglievan, Z. Khatib, T. Santiago, D. M. Blakaj, M. Welch, J. Graber, L. X. Hong, A. Patel, A. Tandon, M. B. Bernstein, R. A. Shourbaji, M. D. Kinon, J. L. Fox, P. Lasala, M. K. Garg, S. Nicholas, R. Salvatori, M. Lim, K. Redmond, A. Quinones, G. Gallia, D. Rigamonti, L. Kleinberg, W. Mourad, R. Yaparpalvi, O. Mian, M. Degaonkar, H. Sair, S. Terezakis, T. McNutt, M. Wharam, M. Mahone, A. Horska, U. Rezvi, E. Melian, M. Surucu, I. Mescioglu, V. Prabhu, J. Clark, D. Anderson, J. Robbins, R. Yechieli, S. Ryu, M. I. Ruge, B. Suchorska, C. Hamisch, K. Mahnkopf, R. Lehrke, H. Treuer, V. Sturm, J. Voges, A. Sahgal, A. Al-Omair, L. Masucci, L. Masson-Cote, E. Atenafu, D. Letourneau, E. Yu, R. Rampersaud, S. Lewis, A. Yee, I. Thibault, M. Fehlings, W. Shi, J. Palmer, L. Kenyon, J. Glass, L. Kim, M. Werner-wasik, D. Andrews, S. Susheela, S. Revannasiddaiah, S. Muzumder, G. Mallarajapatna, A. Basavalingaiah, M. Gupta, K. Kallur, M. Hassan, R. Bilimagga, K. Tamura, M. Aoyagi, N. Ando, T. Ogishima, M. Yamamoto, K. Ohno, T. Maehara, Z. Xu, M. L. Vance, D. Blakaj, P. A. LaSala, J. J. Graber, A. L. Zimmerman, M. A. Vogelbaum, G. H. Barnett, E. S. Murphy, J. H. Suh, L. Angelov, C. A. Reddy, and S. T. Chao
Subjects: Cancer Research, Abstracts, Oncology, Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2013

74. Identification of response functions from axisymmetric membrane inflation tests: Implications for biomechanics

Author: J.D. Humphrey, C. Schwab, D. Rigamonti, and Frank P.K. Hsu
Subjects: Inflation, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, Mathematical analysis, Biomechanics, Rotational symmetry, Condensed Matter Physics, Nonlinear system, Classical mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Principal curvature, Modeling and Simulation, Completeness (order theory), Hyperelastic material, General Materials Science, Axial symmetry, media_common, Mathematics
Abstract: There is a need in biomechanics to identify classes of experiments that allow direct determination of constitutive relations while preserving the natural geometry of the tissue. In this paper, we show how specific forms of response functions can be identified for nonlinear hyperelastic membranes by measuring principal stretch ratios, principal curvatures and distending pressures during quasi-static axisymmetric inflation tests. For completeness, we also list all of the equations that are needed to experimentally implement this new constitutive approach.
Published: 1994

75. INTRACRANIAL EMPYEMA

Author: J, Bockova and D, Rigamonti
Subjects: Male, Microbiology (medical), Empyema, Subdural, Adolescent, Incidence, Infant, Prognosis, Combined Modality Therapy, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Survival Rate, Infectious Diseases, Epidural Abscess, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Humans, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Child, Craniotomy
Published: 2000

76. Effects of NMDA receptor antagonists following spinal ischemia in the rabbit

Author: Joyce M. Kraimer, Alberto Martinez-Arizala, John W. Holaday, Donald D. Rigamonti, and Joseph B. Long
Subjects: Male, Receptor complex, Necrosis, Central nervous system, Ischemia, Dibenzocycloheptenes, Motor Activity, Pharmacology, Biology, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Developmental Neuroscience, medicine, Animals, Ketamine, Receptor, Glutamate receptor, medicine.disease, Hindlimb, Receptors, Neurotransmitter, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Neurology, Anesthesia, NMDA receptor, Rabbits, Dizocilpine Maleate, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug
Abstract: Evidence has accumulated to implicate the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, glutamate and aspartate, in the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) ischemic injury. It appears from both in vivo and in vitro experiments that they exert their excitotoxic effects in CNS ischemia by their actions at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex. In the present study, we examined the effects of MK-801 and ketamine, two noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists, in a model of spinal cord ischemia in conscious rabbits produced by occluding the infrarenal aorta for 25 min. Five minutes after reperfusion, animals were treated with either saline, ketamine, or MK-801. By 6 h postreperfusion, all treatment groups exhibited an initial recovery of hindlimb motor function, after which the saline- and ketamine-treated groups had a similar progressive deterioration in function over the next 48 h. However, the MK-801-treated rabbits continued to recover motor function such that neurological scores in these rabbits were significantly improved relative to those of the saline-treated animals at 48 h. Histopathological evaluation showed that MK-801-treated rabbits tended to have a lesser degree of central gray matter necrosis. These results indicate that MK-801 protected against the secondary deterioration associated with this model and strengthen the potential therapeutic use of NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of CNS ischemia.
Published: 1990

77. Automatic detection of head refixation errors in fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSR)

Author: L. Kleinberg, S. Li, S. He, T. DeWeese, D. Rigamonti, D. Liu, and J. Geng
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Process (computing), Image registration, Imaging phantom, Radiation therapy, Position (vector), Feature (computer vision), medicine, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Image resolution, Rotation (mathematics)
Abstract: Patient surface images are acquired using a novel 3D camera when the patient is at the CT-simulation position and after setup for fractionated stereotactic treatment. The simulation and treatment images are aligned through an initial registration using several feature points followed by a refined automatic matching process using an iterative-closest-point mapping-align algorithm. All of the video-surface images could be automatically transformed to the machine coordinate according to the calibration file obtained from a template image. Phantom tests have demonstrated that we can capture surface images of patients in a second with spatial resolution of submillimeter. A millimeter shift and one-degree rotation relative to the treatment machine can be accurately detected. The entire process takes about two minutes. Our primary result on patients involved in a clinical trial is very promising. This research is partially supported by INH Grant 1R43CA91690-01 and NIH CA88843.
Published: 2005

78. Low pressure hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly: hysteresis, non-linear dynamics, and the benefits of CSF diversion

Author: M S, Lesniak, R E, Clatterbuck, D, Rigamonti, and M A, Williams
Subjects: Adult, Male, Time Factors, Middle Aged, Postoperative Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts, Cerebral Ventricles, Cohort Studies, Postoperative Complications, Treatment Outcome, Humans, Female, Meningitis, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, Hydrocephalus, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Low pressure hydrocephalus (LPH) is a rare clinical condition. We report our experience with 10 patients treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. We reviewed the records of 10 patients (five men, five women; mean age 43 years) treated between 1996 and 2000. All underwent intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and subatmospheric cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage with an intraventricular or lumbar catheter. All patients developed ventriculomegaly: five following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage; one after meningitis; one after intraventricular haemorrhage. Three patients presented with chronic aqueductal stenosis. Ventriculomegaly was clinically detected on average 12 days after presentation. Mean ICP was 4.8 mmHg (range 0-10). All patients improved only in the setting of negative pressure CSF drainage, and were subsequently treated with low pressure ventriculo- or lumboperitoneal shunts. At 1 year, eight patients (80%) showed good recovery to minimal disability; seven patients (70%) had resolving ventriculomegaly. The mechanism of low pressure hydrocephalus remains unclear. In our cohort, different aetiologies were responsible for the change in compliance/elastance of the brain parenchyma and subsequent development of ventriculomegaly. We propose that while ventriculomegaly (and therefore neuronal dysfunction) can be initiated in the setting of high ICP, the maintenance of ventriculomegaly at normal or low ICP is a physiological example of hysteresis. This behaviour, which has been characterized by the chaos theory of non-linear dynamics as a Hopf bifurcation, explains how a system can exhibit two different states (ventricular size) at a single parameter value (ICP). Most importantly, it helps to explain how lowering ICP in the setting of LPH can resolve ventriculomegaly and its neurologic sequelae.
Published: 2003

79. Aberrant amplification of A(2A) receptor signaling in striatal cells expressing mutant huntingtin

Author: K, Varani, D, Rigamonti, S, Sipione, A, Camurri, P A, Borea, F, Cattabeni, M P, Abbracchio, and E, Cattaneo
Subjects: Huntingtin Protein, Receptor, Adenosine A2A, Colforsin, Receptors, Purinergic P1, Nuclear Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide), Models, Biological, Second Messenger Systems, Corpus Striatum, Cell Line, Kinetics, Radioligand Assay, Huntington Disease, Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists, Mutation, Cyclic AMP, Humans, Adenylyl Cyclases, Signal Transduction
Published: 2001

80. Radiosurgery of Glomus Jugulare Tumors: A Meta-analysis

Author: Z.D. Guss, S. Batra, G. Li, S.D. Chang, A.T. Parsa, D. Rigamonti, L. Kleinberg, and M. Lim
Subjects: Cancer Research, Radiation, Oncology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Published: 2010

81. The natural history of cavernous malformations

Author: J L, Moriarity, R E, Clatterbuck, and D, Rigamonti
Subjects: Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Hemangioma, Cavernous, Treatment Outcome, Disease Progression, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Cranial Sinuses, Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms, Brain Stem
Abstract: This article reviews general information about cavernous malformations, including histology, radiology, epidemiology, and symptomatology. Rates of hemorrhage as reported in the literature are presented. Familial cavernous malformations and their genetic basis are discussed. Finally, the variations in the biological behavior of cavernous malformations in different regions of the central nervous system are discussed and outcomes are assessed.
Published: 1999

82. Detection of vasospasm by transcranial Doppler sonography. The challenges of the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries

Author: M A, Wozniak, M A, Sloan, M I, Rothman, C M, Burch, D, Rigamonti, T, Permutt, and Y, Numaguchi
Subjects: Adult, Male, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Cerebral Arteries, Middle Aged, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cerebral Angiography, Cohort Studies, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Basilar Artery, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Humans, False Positive Reactions, Female, Blood Flow Velocity, Vertebral Artery, Aged
Abstract: Little information exists on the utility of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) in detecting anterior (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. During the period at risk for vasospasm, 53 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who had technically adequate TCD performed within 24 hours of cerebral angiography, allowing evaluation of 87 ACAs and 84 PCAs, were studied. ACA and PCA vasospasm were defined by mean blood flow velocities of at least 120 cm/sec and at least 90 cm/sec, respectively. For detection of ACA vasospasm, sensitivity was 18% and specificity was 65%. For PCA vasospasm, sensitivity was 48% and specificity was 69%. False-positive findings for occlusion accounted for 12 (92%) of 13 ACA of false-positive results and 7 (37%) of 19 PCA false-positive results, and were most often due to anatomical factors and operator error or inexperience. After exclusion of both true-positive and false-positive findings for occlusion and changes in the diagnostic criterion to at least 130 cm/sec for ACA vasospasm and at least 110 cm/sec for PCA vasospasm, specificity improved for both types of vasospasms (100 and 93%, respectively). However, the sensitivity of TCD to detect ACA and PCA vasospasm is limited by a variety of anatomical, technical, and other factors. It is concluded that TCD is highly specific in detecting both ACA and PCA vasospasm on arteries that can be insonated.
Published: 1996

83. Thoracic epidural abscess

Author: L K, Liem, D, Rigamonti, A L, Wolf, W L, Robinson, C C, Edwards, and A, DiPatri
Subjects: Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Epidural Space, Male, Adolescent, Incidence, Movement, Pain, Middle Aged, Thorax, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Abscess, Treatment Outcome, Humans, Female, Spinal Diseases, Child, Myelography, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Twenty-one cases of thoracic spinal epidural abscess occurring over a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis was made by MRI or myelography and confirmed in the operative cases. A bacterial agent was isolated in 18 of the cases (86%). When measured, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in all cases. Four patients who presented without neurologic deficits remained intact. All patients who presented with neurological deficits underwent surgical intervention in addition to intravenous antibiotics. Of the 15 patients who presented with a paraparesis of less than antigravity strength, five eventually were independent ambulators and continent. A good outcome resulted in 80% of those who underwent decompression within 24 h, as opposed to only 10% of the patients decompressed after 24 h. Good results can be obtained despite severe neurologic compromise when treated by rapid diagnosis and decompression of the spinal canal.
Published: 1994

84. Fourth ventricular hemangioblastoma associated with pheochromocytoma and renal medullary fibroma

Author: S J, Ehrenpreis, D A, Kristt, and D, Rigamonti
Subjects: Adult, Male, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Kidney Medulla, von Hippel-Lindau Disease, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Humans, Fibroma, Pheochromocytoma, Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms, Kidney Neoplasms, Hemangioblastoma
Abstract: Intraventricular hemangioblastomas are exceptionally rare. Of the cases described in the literature, very few were associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. We present a highly unusual case of a fourth ventricular hemangioblastoma associated with a pheochromocytoma and a renal medullary fibroma. This may represent a forme fruste of the von Hippel-Lindau complex. A workup for papilledema resulted in the discovery of this rare finding.
Published: 1994

85. Epidural abscess in the cervical spine

Author: D, Rigamonti, L, Liem, A L, Wolf, M S, Fiandaca, Y, Numaguchi, F P, Hsu, and E S, Nussbaum
Subjects: Adult, Epidural Space, Male, Adolescent, Middle Aged, Abscess, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Cervical Vertebrae, Humans, Female, Spinal Diseases, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: A ten-year retrospective review of 23 cases of documented spinal epidural abscess in the cervical spine was undertaken to define the clinical features and establish current diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. Diagnosis was made by magnetic resonance imaging or myelography. Risk factors included intravenous drug abuse, diabetes mellitus, previous trauma, and a positive serologic test for the human immunodeficiency virus. A bacterial agent was isolated in 21 cases (91%). Neurologic deficits were present in 20 of the cases (87%) at the time of diagnosis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in all patients in whom it was measured. All patients were treated with appropriate antibiotics, usually for 6 to 8 weeks. Twenty-one patients underwent operative procedures using percutaneous aspiration (1 patient), the anterior approach (14 patients) or the posterior approach (4 patients), or a combination of the two approaches (2 patients). Four of ten patients who initially had less than antigravity strength were eventually ambulatory and continent; in each case, operative decompression was performed within 36 hours of initial consultation. Three patients who had no initial neurologic deficits remained intact.
Published: 1994

86. Dynorphin A-induced rat spinal cord injury: evidence for excitatory amino acid involvement in a pharmacological model of ischemic spinal cord injury

Author: J B, Long, D D, Rigamonti, M A, Oleshansky, C P, Wingfield, and A, Martinez-Arizala
Subjects: Male, Neurons, Dynorphins, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Hindlimb, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Disease Models, Animal, Spinal Cord, Ischemia, Animals, Amino Acids, Cells, Cultured, Spinal Cord Injuries
Abstract: Dynorphin A reduced lumbosacral blood flow, elevated cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid concentrations and caused flaccid hindlimb paralysis and striking neuropathological changes after its injection into the spinal subarachnoid space in rats. Coadministration of the vasodilator hydralazine substantially eliminated the paralytic, anaerobic metabolic and neuropathological responses to dynorphin A. In contrast, in concentrations up to 1 mM, dynorphin A did not alter the viability of cultured rat spinal cord neurons. Thus, it appears that this peptide lacks direct neurotoxic effects and that neuronal injuries in vivo result primarily from ischemia associated with dynorphin A-induced blood flow reductions. NMDA receptor antagonists significantly improved recovery from dynorphin A-induced hindlimb paralysis, and substantially eliminated neuropathological changes without attenuating the acute blood flow reductions or lactic acid elevations. Additionally, glutamate and aspartate concentrations were increased significantly in spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid samples removed during the time that peptide-induced spinal cord blood flow reductions were observed. In contrast, neither amino acid concentration was elevated in media removed after 1-hr exposure of spinal cord neuronal cell cultures to 100 microM concentrations of dynorphin A. These results indicate that the paralysis and spinal cord injuries produced in rats after spinal subarachnoid injection of dynorphin A result predominantly from spinal cord ischemia, and further identify excitatory amino acids and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mechanisms as important mediators in this injury model.
Published: 1994

87. Somatostatin causes vasoconstriction, reduces blood flow and increases vascular permeability in the rat central nervous system

Author: J B, Long, D D, Rigamonti, K, Dosaka, J M, Kraimer, and A, Martinez-Arizala
Subjects: Capillary Permeability, Cerebral Cortex, Male, Spinal Cord, Regional Blood Flow, Vasoconstriction, Animals, Rats, Inbred Strains, Somatostatin, Rats
Abstract: Using radiolabeled microspheres, spinal cord blood flow was measured after spinal subarachnoid injections of 3.1- to 12.5-nmol doses of somatostatin through either indwelling i.t. catheters or acutely inserted intervertebral needles. With either injection technique, somatostatin caused significant dose-dependent reductions in thoracic and lumbosacral blood flow that could be partially blocked by a 5-min preinjection of the somatostatin receptor antagonist cyclo[7-aminoheptanoyl-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr(Bzl)], which has previously been shown to block the hindlimb flaccidity produced by these doses of somatostatin in conscious rats. The duration of these blood flow changes were appreciably less in the rats injected through indwelling i.t. catheters. Somatostatin-induced reductions in spinal cord perfusion were accompanied by transient pressor responses, reduced cardiac output, 3-fold increases in spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid concentrations and breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier, as reflected by significantly increased extravasation of [125I]bovine serum albumin. By 24 hr postinjection, a 12.5-nmol dose of somatostatin caused appreciable spinal cord cellular injury, as evidenced by significant elevations in cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase. After topical application to exposed pial vessels of the parietal cortex, comparable doses of somatostatin caused immediate intense dose-related arteriolar vasospasm and subsequent extravasation of the visible macromolecular tracer Evans blue dye. We conclude that somatostatin has significant vasoconstrictory effects on the blood vessels of the brain and spinal cord of the rat that must be recognized and appreciated when studying its neuropharmacological actions in vivo.
Published: 1992

88. Spinal epidural abscess in infancy: successful percutaneous drainage in a nine-month-old and review of the literature

Author: R S, Walter, J C, King, J, Manley, and D, Rigamonti
Subjects: Epidural Space, Male, Drainage, Humans, Infant, Spinal Diseases, Staphylococcal Infections, Abscess
Published: 1991

89. Anterior decompression in cervical spine trauma: does the timing of surgery affect the outcome?

Author: L, Levi, A, Wolf, D, Rigamonti, J, Ragheb, S, Mirvis, and W L, Robinson
Subjects: Adult, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Postoperative Complications, Cervical Vertebrae, Humans, Female, Bone Plates, Spinal Cord Injuries, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: To clarify the ideal timing of anterior decompression and stabilization for all patients with cervical spine trauma as well as its efficacy for patients with complete deficits, we reviewed the records of 103 consecutive patients with cervical spine trauma (50 incomplete deficits, Group A; 53 complete deficits, Group B) who underwent this procedure during a 5-year period at the Shock Trauma Center. We subdivided each group according to time of surgery: early and delayed (less than 24 and greater than 24 hours past injury, respectively). In Group A, 10 patients underwent early surgery and 40 patients underwent delayed surgery (range, 2 to 77 days past injury; mean, 13 days). One patient (2.5%) in the delayed group died. The following data refer to the early and delayed subgroups, respectively: average acute hospitalization, 20 and 22 days; patient motor score improvement (at discharge), 37.2 and 45.0%; functional grade improvement (at discharge), 5 (50.0%) and 9 (22.5%) patients. At 1-year follow-up, every patient who had had a deficit had progressed to a higher functional grade. In Group B, 35 patients underwent early surgery and 18 underwent delayed surgery (range, 2 to 45 days past injury; mean, 13 days). One patient (2.9%) in the early group died. The following data refer to the early and delayed subgroups, respectively: average acute hospitalization, 38.7 and 45.2 days (P less than 0.05); respiratory care (number of daily suction procedures), 6.0 and 9.86 (P less than 0.05); patient motor score improvement (at discharge), 3.9 and 4.5%; functional grade improvement (at discharge), 4 (11.4%) and 1 (5.6%) patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Published: 1991

90. Stroke in the young. Part II

Author: B J, Stern, S, Kittner, M, Sloan, C, Meyd, D, Buchholz, D, Rigamonti, R, Woody, J, Meyerhoff, W, Bell, and T, Price
Subjects: Adult, Male, Patient Care Team, Adolescent, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, HIV Infections, Brain Ischemia, Cerebral Angiography, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, Rheumatic Diseases, Humans, Female
Abstract: Evaluation of the young stroke patient often requires an interdisciplinary approach because of the complexity of the problems encountered. We discuss some of the less common causes of stroke and present an approach to the patient.
Published: 1991

91. Dental chair apoplexy

Author: B. Trommer, D. Rigamonti, and C. M. Cawley
Subjects: Trigeminal nerve, Adult, business.industry, Vasodilation, Intracranial Aneurysm, General Medicine, Blood flow, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, stomatognathic diseases, stomatognathic system, Anesthesia, Acute Disease, Medicine, Pulp (tooth), Humans, Dental chair, Female, Trigeminal Nerve, business, Dental Care, Dental Procedure, Intracranial bleeding, Cerebral Hemorrhage
Abstract: We have reported two cases of intracranial bleeding shortly after a dental procedure. We argue that administration of hypochlorite in gum debridement, application of dental cement, or mechanical stimulation of the alveolar branches of the trigeminal nerve at the pulp may not only result in acute systemic hypertension, but also in the release of vasodilatory neurotransmitters. The combination of a local increase in intracerebral blood flow and simultaneously developing systemic hypertension in an occasional patient may lead to intracranial hemorrhage.
Published: 1991

92. Cavernous malformations and capillary telangiectasia: a spectrum within a single pathological entity

Author: D, Rigamonti, P C, Johnson, R F, Spetzler, M N, Hadley, and B P, Drayer
Subjects: Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations, Humans, Cavernous Sinus, Telangiectasis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Capillaries
Abstract: Cerebral vascular malformations have traditionally been divided into four categories: arteriovenous, venous, cavernous, and capillary telangiectases. A controversy exists about separating the latter two lesions into separate entities. Critics claim the distinction is arbitrary but have been unable to present convincing evidence linking the two types of lesions. We have reviewed the histories of 20 patients with cavernous malformations and have analyzed the clinical, radiographic, and surgical-autopsy data associated with these lesions. In some patients, multiple lesions, including cavernous malformations, capillary telangiectases, and transitional forms between the two, were identified. Based on this analysis, we conclude that capillary telangiectasia and cavernous malformations represent two pathological extremes within the same vascular malformation category and propose grouping them as a single cerebral entity called cerebral capillary malformations.
Published: 1991

93. P1.019 Self-assessment of gait performance vs. Tinetti score after shunting for adult hydrocephalus: what is the 'gold standard'?

Author: A. Vellimana, M.A. Williams, D. Solomon, D. Rigamonti, S. Kharkar, and N. Hernandez
Subjects: Self-assessment, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Tinetti test, Gold standard, medicine.disease, Hydrocephalus, Shunting, Gait (human), Neurology, medicine, Physical therapy, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business
Published: 2008

94. A longitudinal study of patients with venous malformations

Author: H. Kurita, T. Kirino, and D. Rigamonti
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal study, business.industry, medicine.disease, Cerebral Veins, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Asymptomatic, Signal on, Vascular anomaly, Natural history, Hemosiderin, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, medicine.symptom, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Venous malformation, business, Cerebral Hemorrhage
Abstract: To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Naff et al.1 in which the authors report a benign natural history of venous malformations. We agree with the authors’ conclusion that the risk of hemorrhage from this vascular anomaly is practically negligible.2,3 However, an aspect of this article deserves comment and clarification. In their figure 3, the authors describe two cases with asymptomatic hemorrhage, which are ascribed to a venous malformation. The hemosiderin signal on the T2-weighted MRI of the cases is indicative …
Published: 1999

95. Cultures enriched in Schwann-like cells from dissociated nerve segments of the adult cat

Author: Donald D. Rigamonti, Carl C. Kao, and Jean R. Wrathall
Subjects: Schwann cell, Cell Separation, Biology, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, Ulnar Nerve, General Neuroscience, Anatomy, Trypsin, Sciatic Nerve, Cell biology, Trypsinization, Microscopy, Electron, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Cell culture, Myelin sheath, Cats, Collagenase, Female, Schwann Cells, Neurology (clinical), Developmental Biology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Methods for producing Schwann cell-rich cultures from nerve segments of the adult cat were investigated. Efficient dissociation was achieved with a combination of collagenase and trypsin. Differential attachment of elements within the resulting suspension allowed production of Schwann cell-rich cultures derived by outgrowth from slowly attaching segments of degenerating myelin sheath tube containing Schwann cells. Rapid trypsinization during subculture further increased the proportion of Schwann-like cells in these cultures to 90% or more.
Published: 1981

96. Convergence in the lumbar spinal cord of pathways activated by splanchnic nerve and hind limb cutaneous nerve stimulation

Author: Robert 'Nick' Bryan, M. B. Hancock, and D. D. Rigamonti
Subjects: Cord, Stimulation, Hindlimb, Synaptic Transmission, Splanchnic nerves, Cordotomy, Sural Nerve, Developmental Neuroscience, Interneurons, medicine, Animals, Premovement neuronal activity, Neurons, Afferent, Evoked Potentials, Skin, CATS, business.industry, Cutaneous nerve, Peroneal Nerve, Splanchnic Nerves, Anatomy, Lumbar Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Neurology, Cats, business
Abstract: Interneurons in the L6–L7 spinal segments were examined for convergence of input froh hind limb cutaneous nerves and the ipsilateral greater splanchnic nerve in anesthetized cats. The locations of all encountered units were mapped in relation to Rexed's laminae. Cells exhibiting viscerosomatic convergence were found throughout the gray matter with the majority of units being located in the intermediate and ventral gray. A comparison of the patterns of neuronal activity and the time course of the initial positive deflection of the cord dorsum potential elicited by splanchnic nerve volleys indicates a causal relationship. The effects observed in the cord after splanchnic nerve stimulation were dependent on excitation of Aγδ fibers. Neurons exhibiting viscerosomatic convergence received input from low-threshold cutaneous afferents.
Published: 1973

97. Runaway electron beam dynamics at low plasma density in DIII-D: energy distribution, current profile, and internal instability.

Author: A. Lvovskiy, C. Paz-Soldan, N.W. Eidietis, P. Aleynikov, M.E. Austin, A. Dal Molin, Y.Q. Liu, R.A. Moyer, M. Nocente, D. Shiraki, L. Giacomelli, W.W. Heidbrink, E.M. Hollmann, D. Rigamonti, D.A. Spong, and M. Tardocchi
Subjects: BEAM dynamics, PLASMA density, PLASMA dynamics, ELECTRON beams, ENERGY density, HARD X-rays
Abstract: Parameters of the post-disruption runaway electron (RE) beam in the low density background plasma achieved after secondary deuterium injection are investigated in DIII-D. The spatially resolved RE energy distribution function is measured for the first time during the RE plateau stage by inverting hard x-ray bremsstrahlung spectra. It has maximum energy up to 20 MeV and a non-monotonic feature at 5–6 MeV observed only in the core of the beam supporting the possibility of kinetic instabilities. Results of Fokker-Plank modelling qualitatively support the formation of the non-monotonic distribution function. The RE current profile is reconstructed for the first time using the spatially resolved RE energy distribution. It is found to be more peaked than the pre-disruption plasma current, with higher internal inductance, suggesting preferential formation of REs in the core plasma or potentially a radially inward motion of REs. The accessed relatively low current (180 kA) RE beam is found to be MHD stable, likely due to its elevated safety factor profile. From this base stable equilibrium, an internal beam instability is accessed by ramping up the current. The instability leads to a sawtooth-like relaxation of the RE current profile, but drives no RE loss. An internal kink mode proposed as a candidate instability is supported by results of MARS-F modelling. Electron cyclotron emission (ECE) spectrum measured during the low density RE plateau is found to be bifurcated, with a break point at ≈ 100 GHz, suggesting resonant absorption of the ECE at low frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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98. MeV range particle physics studies in tokamak plasmas using gamma-ray spectroscopy.

Author: M Nocente, A Dal Molin, N Eidietis, L Giacomelli, G Gorini, Y Kazakov, E Khilkevitch, V Kiptily, M Iliasova, A Lvovskiy, M Mantsinen, A Mariani, E Panontin, G Papp, G Pautasso, C Paz-Soldan, D Rigamonti, M Salewski, A Shevelev, and M Tardocchi
Subjects: PARTICLE physics, NUCLEAR fusion, TRITIUM, SPECTROMETRY, DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory), FAST ions
Abstract: Gamma-ray spectroscopy (GRS) has become an established technique to determine properties of the distribution function of the energetic particles in the MeV range, which are fast ions from heating and fusion reactions or runaway electrons born in disruptions. In this paper we present a selection of recent results where GRS is key to investigate the physics of MeV range particles. These range from radio-frequency heating experiments, where theoretical models can be tested with an unprecedented degree of accuracy, to disruption mitigation studies, where GRS sheds light on the effect of the actuators on the runaway electron velocity space. We further discuss the unique observational capabilities offered by the technique in deuterium–tritium plasmas, particularly with regard to the inference of the energy- and pitch-resolved distribution function of the α particles born from fusion reactions in the plasma core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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99. Dynorphin A-induced rat hindlimb paralysis and spinal cord injury are not altered by the kappa opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine

Author: Alberto Martinez-Arizala, Donald D. Rigamonti, Brian R. de Costa, Kenner C. Rice, and Joseph B. Long
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Narcotic Antagonists, Neuropeptide, Dynorphin, Dynorphins, Spinal Cord Diseases, chemistry.chemical_compound, Opioid receptor, Ischemia, Internal medicine, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Animals, Paralysis, Molecular Biology, Spinal cord injury, business.industry, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, General Neuroscience, Receptors, Opioid, kappa, Dynorphin A, Rats, Inbred Strains, medicine.disease, Naltrexone, Hindlimb, Rats, Nociception, Endocrinology, nervous system, chemistry, Opioid, Receptors, Opioid, Neurology (clinical), Atrophy, business, Opioid antagonist, Developmental Biology, medicine.drug
Abstract: The selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) was used to distinguish a kappa opioid component in the mechanisms underlying the hindlimb paralysis, ischemia, and neuronal injury induced in the rat by the kappa opioid agonist dynorphin A. Spinal intrathecal (i.t.) injection of nor-BNI (20 nmol) either 15 min or immediately before i.t. injections of 5 or 20 nmol of dynorphin A failed to alter the dynorphin A-induced disruption of hindlimb motor function and nociceptive responsiveness. Nor-BNI also did not change the 3-fold increases in cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations produced by 20 nmol of dynorphin A. Neuroanatomical evaluations revealed that the cell loss, fiber degeneration, and central gray necrosis in lumbosacral spinal cords of rats treated with 20 nmol of dynorphin A were not altered by nor-BNI (20 nmol, i.t.). Thus, the spinal cord injury and associated neurological deficits resulting from i.t. injection of dynorphin A appear to be primarily, if not totally, attributable to its non-kappa opioid action(s).
Published: 1989

100. Cerebral cavernous malformations. Incidence and familial occurrence

Author: D, Rigamonti, M N, Hadley, B P, Drayer, P C, Johnson, K, Hoenig-Rigamonti, J T, Knight, and R F, Spetzler
Subjects: Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations, Male, Humans, Female, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cerebral Angiography, Pedigree
Abstract: We studied 24 patients with histologically verified cerebral cavernous malformations, reviewing the familial occurrence and presenting signs, symptoms, and radiographic features of the disorder. Eleven patients had no evidence of a heritable trait and had negative family histories. Thirteen patients were members of six unrelated Mexican-American families. Sixty-four first-degree and second-degree relatives were examined, and family pedigrees were established. Most relatives (83 percent) were asymptomatic; 11 percent had seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 16 relatives (5 of whom were asymptomatic). Fourteen of the 16 studies revealed cavernous malformations; 11 studies identified multiple lesions. As compared with computerized tomography and angiography, magnetic resonance imaging was far more accurate in detecting cavernous malformations. We conclude that cavernous malformations are more prevalent than previously reported, and that a familial form of the disorder exists that is more common than expected, with a high incidence of multiple lesions and an increased frequency of occurrence among Mexican-American families. Magnetic resonance imaging is the radiographic technique of choice for the identification and follow-up of these lesions.
Published: 1988

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