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ICAP 2014, 28TH International congress of applied psychology, PARIS, FRANCE, 08-/07/2014 - 13/07/2014; Background/Objectives: Independence for older people is linked to driving, this being their main mode of travel. Even in normal aging, sensory, functional, and cognitive deficits appear, and are more severe in brain pathology leading to dementia. These may profoundly affect driving, which is a complex task involving all of these functions. Many studies show that older drivers modify their driving habits (reduced distance, avoiding certain driving situations ...). When this regulation process occurs in later life, gender differences have been reported. Women regulate their driving more than men and do so earlier. Gender differences in image and roles could lead women to loss mobility prematurely and lead men to make insufficient driving regulation. The purpose of the study was to investigate driving regulation with a focus on gender, cognitive deficits and Central Nervous System pathologies. Design: Longitudinal Study over six years. Setting: the Three-City Cohort of Bordeaux, a longitudinal study of 2104 people aged 65 years and above. Participants: 523 drivers, 273 men and 250 women. Measurements: Our range of measurements included socio-demographic characteristics, driving habits, health variables, cognitive evaluation and dementia diagnosis. Results: Fifty seven percent of the population aged 76 years on average restricted their driving over six years. In gender specific models, pre-dementia, Parkinson's disease, advanced age and high initial mobility by car were common factors of restriction in both genders. But other restriction factors were gender specific. In men, prevalent dementia, depressive symptomatology and a decline in at least one Instrumental Activities in Daily Living were specific factors. The only cognitive factor was low performance in the Benton Visual Retention Test. Specific restriction factors in women were low income and fear of falling. Slow Trail Making Test A execution time or a severe decline in Mini Mental Status Examination performance were the cognitive factors specifically associated with female restriction. Conclusion: The results could allow advising certain persons to make changes in driving behavior, in order to conciliate mobility and security in older drivers.

L'expérimentation présentée étudie l'effet de 4 configurations de feux avant de moto sur l'acceptation de créneaux temporels par des automobilistes lorsqu'ils tournent à gauche face à des motocycles.

While many surveys carried out both in France and abroad address aircraft noise annoyance or report adverse effects on sleep quality, much fewer consider at the same time the physiological effects of this noise exposure. The largest study to date, the HYENA study, has evidenced an association between aircraft noise exposure and hypertension. DEBATS is a research program (2011-2018) aiming to characterize the relations between aircraft noise exposure and the health status of the French population living in the vicinity of airports.

International Motorcycle Conference, Brussels, BELGIQUE, 04-/03/2014 - 05/03/2014; Ce poster présente une série d'expérimentations sur la perceptibilité des motocycles.

ICAP 2014, 28th International Congress of Applied Psychology, Paris, FRANCE, 08-/07/2014 - 13/07/2014; Executive function Parkinson disease - driving simulator

VIème Congrès International d'Epidémiologie - ADELF -EPITER, NICE, FRANCE, 10-/09/2014 - 12/09/2014; INTRODUCTION - Le cortisol salivaire est un marqueur possible du stress induit par l'exposition au bruit. Il pourrait se positionner comme un facteur intermédiaire dans la relation entre l'exposition au bruit des transports et la survenue de pathologies cardiovasculaires. Cependant, cette association n'est toujours pas claire. OBJECTIF - L'objectif de notre étude est de rechercher l'existence d'une association entre la concentration de cortisol salivaire et l'exposition au bruit des avions chez les riverains des aéroports français. MÉTHODES - Une étude pilote du programme de recherche DEBATS (Discussion sur les Effets du Bruit des Aéronefs Touchant la Santé) a été réalisée en 2011 afin de tester le protocole auprès d'une centaine de riverains de l'aéroport de Paris-Charles de Gaulle. Des instructions étaient données aux participants afin qu'ils prélèvent un échantillon de leur salive trente minutes après leur lever afin d'en déterminer la concentration en cortisol. Cette dernière atteint en effet un maximum trente minutes après le lever. L'exposition au bruit des avions au domicile des participants a été estimée à partir des cartes de bruit produites par les aéroports. RÉSULTATS - Une élévation de la concentration de cortisol salivaire a été obserÎe chez les participants exposés à des niveaux de bruit d'avions supérieurs à 55 dB(A) en termes de Lden comparativement à ceux exposés à des niveaux inférieurs à 50 dB(A). DISCUSSION - Les résultats de cette étude pilote suggèrent que l'exposition au bruit des avions augmenterait la concentration de cortisol salivaire au lever. Mais ils doivent être confirmés sur un plus grand nombre de sujets.

Objective.To compare health status, effect on family, occupational consequences, and quality of life (QOL) 1 year after an accident between patients with whiplash versus other mild injuries, and to explore the relationship between initial injury (whiplash vs other) and QOL.Methods.This was a prospective cohort study. The study used data from the ESPARR cohort (a representative cohort of road accident victims) and included 173 individuals with “pure” whiplash and 207 with other mild injuries. QOL at 1-year followup was assessed on the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Correlations between explanatory variables and QOL were explored by Poisson regression to provide adjusted relative risks, with ANOVA for the various QOL scores explored.Results.One year post-accident, more patients who had whiplash than other casualties complained of nonrecovery of health status (56% vs 43%) and of the occupational effect of pain (31% vs 23%). QOL and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were similar in the 2 groups. Impaired QOL did not correlate with whiplash when models were adjusted on sociodemographic variables and history of psychological distress. Whatever the initial lesion, PTSD was a determining factor for poorer QOL.Conclusion.Sociodemographic factors, preaccident psychological history prior to the accident, and PTSD were the main factors influencing QOL, rather than whether the injury was whiplash. PTSD may also be related to pain.

OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with driving restriction in elderly men and women. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of French drivers from 2003 to 2009. SETTING: The Three-City Cohort of Bordeaux, a prospective study of 2,104 people aged 65 and older. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred twenty-three drivers with a mean age of 76 (273 male, 250 female). MEASUREMENTS: Sociodemographic characteristics, driving habits, health variables, cognitive evaluation and dementia diagnosis. Predementia was defined as no dementia at one follow-up and dementia at the next follow-up. RESULTS: Over the 6-year period, 54% of men and 63% of women stopped driving or reduced the distance they drove. Predementia, Parkinson's disease, older age, and a high number of kilometers previously driven were common restriction factors in both sexes. Prevalent dementia, depressive symptomatology, a decline in one or more instrumental activities of daily living, and poor visual working memory were specific factors in men. In women, low income, fear of falling, slow processing speed, and severe decline in global cognitive performance all affected driving restriction. CONCLUSION: Older women restricted their driving activity more than older men, regardless of the number of kilometers previously driven, physical health, and cognitive status. Factors affecting driving restriction differed according to sex, and women were more likely to stop driving than men in the period preceding a dementia diagnosis.

In Côte d'Ivoire alcohol and drugs consumption in the general population is a serious issue. However, their role in Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) has never been investigated. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of alcohol-impaired road users at the time of the RTA and report psychoactive drug use, in various categories of casualties, and in various circumstances of the crash. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 893 casualties involved in fatal or non-fatal RTAs and admitted at the Emergency Room or the Forensic Institute from March to September 2012. Blood alcohol dosage (BAC) and urine drug screening were carried out, and results were linked with hospital and police crash report data. The mean BAC in positive cases indicated heavy drinking before the crash: drivers (1.9 g/L), pedestrians (2.1 g/L), passengers (1.5 g/L). The prevalence of alcohol-impairment was significantly higher in drivers (41%) and riders (27%) compared to pedestrians (17%) and passengers (13%). Over 75% of casualties that tested positive for alcohol had a BAC largely above the legal limit. Psychoactive drug use was twice more prevalent in alcohol-impaired drivers than in sober drivers (20% vs 10%). Binge drinking is an emerging issue in African countries, which should be taken into account in the management or prevention of road traffic injuries.

WIiT Paris 2014 : Women's Issues in Transportation - 5ème Conférence Internationale sur les Femmes et le Transport - Construire les ponts, PARIS, FRANCE, 14-/04/2014 - 16/04/2014; In aging populations, maintaining the well-being and the health status of the elderly people is crucial. For drivers, this requires the maintenance of driving in safely way as long as possible. Sensory, functional, and minor cognitive changes appear in the course of normal aging, and are more severe in dementia-inducing brain pathologies. They may profoundly affect driving [1], which is a complex task involving all of these functions, particularly attention and decision-making which are necessary for the selection of relevant information and situation-specific action. Many studies show that older drivers modify their driving habits [2, 3]. Any driving regulation will have the positive impact of decreasing the risk of accident. Conversely, the absence of, or insufficient driving regulation can have negative consequences in terms of road safety, and excessive regulation could increase the risk of social exclusion, depression, loss of autonomy and pathological brain aging [4, 5]. When this regulation process occurs in later life, gender differences have been reported in non-prospective studies [6-10]. Women regulate their driving more than men and do so earlier. Choi et al. think that these differences can be understood in the context of 'gender roles' [11] with the car occupying a more important place for men than women, in a context of masculinity, speed than women [12, 13] . Women could also have shorter "career" as drivers than men. They may obtain their license at an older age and stop driving for longer periods [14] . From an organizational point of view, women could also be less dependent on their car for mobility than men [11]. This difference in daily car use could facilitate driving regulation. These gender differences in images and roles could also lead women to enjoy driving less than men or to doubt in their driving abilities and this could lead to premature loss of mobility [15] and cause more men to make insufficient driving regulation. However the results of prospective studies are controversial. Some show that women are more likely to regulate than men [3, 16-18], while others have found no evidence of greater regulation in women [19-24]. These discrepancies can be partly explained by age, observation periods and different measures of regulation. As for the factors which might explain regulation, to our knowledge, only one prospective study has examined driving cessation factors in men and women separately [25]. However, this study did not include people with low global cognitive score. Nor did it take into account CNS pathologies which are known to change driving habits significantly and possibly differently in men and women. A study by Seiler et al. showed, that in demented people , women were more likely to cease driving than men at a pre-demential stage [26]. It is important to understand the regulation process in men and women, in the general population, in order to identify the factors of this regulation, factors due to pathological aging or not. In order to do so, we decided to study regulatory processes in men and in women, taking into account cognitive performance and CNS pathologies, based on prospective data providing information on changes in mobility, living arrangements, health status, cognitive performances and CNS pathologies over time. The 490 drivers of this study, 253 men and 237 women with a mean age of 76 years, were drawn from the Three-City Cohort of Bordeaux, a longitudinal study of people aged 65 years and older [27]. The participants were interviewed at home by a psychologist in 2003, 2006 and 2009 on a range of topics including socio-demographic characteristics, health (measures of motor and sensorial functions and several medical conditions) a cognitive evaluation and driving habits. A dementia diagnosis was also conducted for all participants by a neurologist. Driving restriction covers both driving cessation and a kilometer reduction. To study driving restriction factors, we used several Cox proportional hazard models with time dependent covariables. In this prospective study, the rate of driving restriction is high. Fifty seven percent of participants had restricted their driving over the follow-up. Women restricted their driving more frequently than men: 54% of men and 63% of women were reduced their distance driven or ceased to drive over six years. Pre-dementia, Parkinson's disease, advanced age and high initial mobility by car were common restriction factors in both genders. Prevalent dementia, depressive symptomatology, a decline in at least one Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and poor visual working memory performance were specific factors in men. In women, a low income, fear of falling, a slow execution time or a severe decline in global cognitive performance explain a regulation. This study confirmed that in later life women restrict their driving more than men, and that restriction factors differ according to gender. The pattern of results suggests that, when cognitive deficits are present, women restrict their driving at an earlier stage than men. It remains to be seen if excessive restriction in women could have negative consequences

Depuis 1995, fonctionne dans le département du Rhône, le Registre des victimes d’accidents de la circulation routière. Seul outil épidémiologique fiable, il représente un atout pour la France, à l’heure où l’Europe souhaite engager chaque pays dans la détermination du nombre de blessés graves basée sur un indicateur de réelle gravité lésionnelle. Afin d’améliorer les estimations nationales effectuées à partir de ce registre départemental, une extension géographique s’imposait. Par ailleurs, le dispositif constitué pour le recueil des accidents de la route pouvait aisément être étendu au recueil des autres types d’accidents : les accidents de la vie courante et les accidents du travail. C’est ainsi qu’en janvier 2013, est né le recueil de l’Observatoire Rhône-Alpes du traumatisme dont l’un des objectifs est la surveillance sanitaire systématique et continue de l’ensemble des victimes d’accidents sur une zone géographique délimitée : le département de l’Ain. Encadrés par le réseau des services d’urgences de la vallée du Rhône, des enquêteurs postés dans les services d’urgence des hôpitaux de l’Ain recueillent, auprès des victimes, des caractéristiques générales, celles de leur accident ainsi qu’un bilan précis de leurs lésions et de leur parcours hospitalier. Les victimes sont suivies jusqu’à leur retour à domicile ou leur décès. A termes, les informations seront saisies au moyen d’une application développée sur tablettes tactiles. L’Observatoire Rhône-Alpes du traumatisme permettra de répondre à des objectifs de recherche (définition de groupes à risque, base de sondage pour d’autres études) et à des objectifs de santé publique (surveillance, définition d’enjeux, évaluation de mesures). Ainsi, près de 60 000 cas sont attendus chaque année : environ 8 000 victimes d’accidents de la route dans le Rhône, et dans l’Ain : 42 000 victimes d’accidents de la vie courante, 7 000 d’accidents du travail et 2 000 d’accidents de la route.

La conduite automobile est une activité complexe qui requiert, en plus des capacités sensorielles et fonctionnelles de l’appareil locomoteur, des capacités cognitives qui peuvent diminuer avec l’âge. En France où il n’existe pas de procédure spécifique de suivi des conducteurs âgés, les médecins ont une obligation de conseil en matière de contre-indications médicales à la conduite. Or ils ne disposent pas d‘outils cognitifs validés leur permettant d’apprécier les répercussions éventuelles des troubles cognitifs sur l’aptitude à la conduite automobile. L’étude MG-CogCAPA (ANR PREDIT) a pour but d’étudier la faisabilité par les médecins et l’acceptation par les conducteurs âgés d’un protocole permettant de détecter des déficits cognitifs pouvant perturber la conduite automobile, et d’étudier l’évolution de leur mobilité en fonction de leur niveau cognitif. Méthode : 92 médecins généralistes tirés au sort sur des listes professionnelles ont accepté de participer à l’étude. Ils ont inclus 541 conducteurs âgés de 70 ans ou plus. Ils ont proposé à leurs patients un questionnaire de mobilité routière, deux tests cognitifs, le TMT A et B et le test des Codes de Wechsler, l’échelle des 4-IADL et le test de Up and Go. Résultats : les outils cognitifs proposés ont été jugés satisfaisants quant à leur faisabilité et leur utilité clinique. Une bonne validité de la passation des tests cognitifs a été observée et 70% des médecins se sont déclarés prêts à utiliser ce protocole dans leur pratique courante. Les performances cognitives ont été mises en relation avec le ressenti des personnes sur leurs propres performances d’une part, et avec l’évolution de leur mobilité d’autre part. Conclusion : L’étude montre la faisabilité par les médecins et l’acceptation par les patients âgés d’un tel protocole. Elle permet également de mieux comprendre les interactions entre déficits cognitifs, ressenti des déficits et adaptation des habitudes de conduite.

DEBATS is an on-going research program (2011-2018) involving adult residents around three French airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Toulouse-Blagnac, and Lyon Saint-Exupéry. It aims to characterize the relations between aircraft noise exposure and health status of the French population living in the vicinity of airports, both physically and mentally but also in terms of annoyance. In particular, it includes a longitudinal field study whose objective is to follow-up approximately 1,200 of the above-mentioned airports residents during four years. At inclusion and two and four years later, annoyance and health status (in terms of sleep disturbances, cardiovascular diseases and anxiety and depressive disorders) are assessed by a questionnaire asked by an interviewer at the place of residence of participants. Physiological variables like blood-pressure, heart rate or salivary cortisol are also considered within the frame of this study. A pilot study was performed in 2011 in order to test and validate the protocol on 100 residents around Paris-Charles de Gaulle airport. The results of this pilot study will be presented and discussed. They will concern self-reported doctor-diagnosed hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, and measured blood-pressure, heart rate and salivary cortisol.

Background. Previous case-control studies on bicycle helmet efficacy are mostly Anglo-Saxon, and based on data from the early 1990’s when hard-shell helmets were common. Methods. In France, the Rhône county (1.6 million inhabitants) is covered by a road trauma registry that includes ED visits, inpatients and fatalities. Over the 1998-2008 period, 13,797 cyclist casualties were identified (outpatients, inpatients and deceased). The injuries sustained were coded using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) for injuries to the head (AIS1+ and AIS3+), face (AIS 1+) or neck (AIS1+). The study uses a case-control design where the control group includes cyclists injured below the neck, i.e. not injured in the region associated with the helmet. We adjusted for age, gender and crash severity. Results. The adjusted odds ratios of helmeted vs. unhelmeted cyclists are: for AIS1+ head injuries 0.69, 95% CI=[0.59-0.81], i.e. reduction of risk by 31%; for AIS3+ head injuries, 0.30, 95% CI=[0.16-0.50] i.e. reduction of risk by 70%; for AIS1+ facial injuries, 0.72, 95% CI=[ 0.62-0.83], i.e. reduction of risk by 28%; and for AIS1+ neck injuries, 1.18, 95% CI=[0.94-1.47], non significant. Conclusion. This study confirms the protective effect for head and facial injuries, even though soft-shell helmets have now become more common. The reduction of risk is greater for serious head injuries. The study is inconclusive about the risk of neck injuries.

RIVM Workshop NATO Airbase, UTRECHT, PAYS-BAS, 10-/10/2013 - 11/10/2013; A national survey carried out in 2005 shows that 6.6% of the French population are annoyed by aircraft noise. DEBATS aims to characterize the relations between aircraft noise exposure and health status of residents around airports. It is an on-going epidemiological research program including: An ecological study based on drug prescriptions, and on nonprescription drug sales, A longitudinal field study consisting in following-up approximately 1,200 of the Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Toulouse-Blagnac, and Lyon Saint-Exupéry airports residents during four years. Annoyance and health status are assessed by questionnaires. Physiological variables like blood-pressure or salivary cortisol are also considered within the frame of this study. A complementary study aiming to characterize specifically acute effects of aircraft noise on sleep quality using precise noise exposure measurements. Sleep quality of a sub-sample of 100 individuals will be evaluated using a wrist actimeter. Simultaneously, a sonometer located in their bedroom will record their noise exposure. A second sonometer set up outside (at the bedroom façade) will allow us to identify the aircraft noises and to investigate a link with sleep quality.

This study is concerned initial motorcycle training delivered in motorcycle schools in France. Novice motorcyclists are a particularly vulnerable group of road users in Europe and in France. However, scientific attempts to achieve a better understanding of their behaviors have been limited. The potential value of studying initial motorcycle training, both for research purposes and with regard to public policy, is readily apparent. The aims of this paper are to describe the real educational content of training in motorcycle schools and analyze to what extent this content is related to riding after licensing. A case study of all the training process of one trainee (38 hours) was carried out in real world. Audiovisual recordings and interview data of the rider and instructors were collected at each session. This study was supplemented by ethnographic observations of the educational content provided in three motorcycle schools throughout the instructors’ working days. The results that merged from both studies show (1) the riding skills that were fostered (i.e. control skills, and especially emergency skills, in stable and restricted environments) and undervalued (i.e. hazard perception skills, everyday skills) during initial training, and (2) the poverty of observed training settings: learners spend almost all their training time riding in the same setting that is used in the test. In addition to being repeated to excess, these settings are quite different from the real traffic. These results are discussed regarding the scientific literature on motorcycle education. The conclusion presents the implications of these results for public policy in order to design a future rider training system.

The most frequent cause of motorcycle accidents involves another vehicle violating the motorcycle's right-of-way at an intersection. In addition to detection errors, the misperception of the approaching motorcycle's speed and time-to-arrival is another driver error that may account for these accidents (e.g., Horswill et al., 2005). This misperception has been shown to be related to the small size of the motorcycle and the small angular velocity when it is approaching. In two experiments we tested the impact of different motorcycle headlight configurations in various ambient lighting conditions (daytime, dusk and nighttime). The participants drove the driving simulator and had to turn left across a line of vehicles composed of motorcycles and cars. The motorcycles were equipped with either a "standard" front light, a "horizontal configuration" (additionally to the standard front light, two lights were appended on the rear view mirrors so as to visually increase the horizontal dimension of the motorcycle), a "vertical configuration" (one light on the rider helmet and two lights on the fork were added to the standard front light so as to increase the vertical dimension of the motorcycle), or a "combined" configuration (combining the horizontal and vertical configurations). The findings indicated that in nighttime conditions both the "vertical" and "combined" configurations significantly increased the gap car drivers accepted towards motorcycles when compared with the standard configuration, and that the accepted gaps did not significantly differ from those accepted towards cars. The advantage of the vertical and combined configurations showed up especially when the approach speed of the motorcycle was high. A similar pattern appeared in dusk conditions, whereas benefits were less pronounced in daytime conditions. Results will be discussed with respect to a possible applications on motorcycles.

Cet article présente une analyse en contexte naturel des comportements de conduite de motocyclistes lors de leurs trajets domicile-travail en région parisienne. Elle se focalise sur la pratique des motards qui consiste à circuler entre les files de voitures, classiquement appelée 'inter-files', et qui reste pour l’heure sans analyse scientifique approfondie. Dans une approche ergonomique, 11 motocyclistes ont conduit pendant un mois avec un véhicule équipé de caméras. Les enregistrements vidéo ont permis la description des contextes de conduite ainsi que la tenue d'entretiens d'auto-confrontation. Les résultats portent sur la description de leur activité de conduite, le poids de l’inter-files dans leurs déplacements quotidiens et l’analyse des éléments organisateurs de leurs comportements. Ces résultats sont discutés sur le plan de la compréhension de la pratique de l’inter-files et sur le plan de l’enrichissement des situations existantes : ils questionnent la possibilité d’une législation sur les remontées de files et montrent les intérêts de la formation à cette pratique.

Background: The rapid increase in mobile telephone use has generated concern about possible health risks of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from these devices. Methods: A case-control study of 1105 patients with newly diagnosed acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) and 2145 controls was conducted in 13 countries using a common protocol. Past mobile phone use was assessed by personal interview. In the primary analysis, exposure time was censored at one year before the reference date (date of diagnosis for cases and date of diagnosis of the matched case for controls); analyses censoring exposure at five years before the reference date were also done to allow for a possible longer latent period. Results: The odds ratio (OR) of acoustic neuroma with ever having been a regular mobile phone user was 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.69-1.04). The OR for >= 10 years after first regular mobile phone use was 0.76 (0.52-1.11). There was no trend of increasing ORs with increasing cumulative call time or cumulative number of calls, with the lowest OR (0.48 (0.30-0.78)) observed in the 9th decile of cumulative call time. In the 10th decile (>= 1640 h) of cumulative call time, the OR was 1.32 (0.88-1.97); there were, however, implausible values of reported use in those with >= 1640 h of accumulated mobile phone use. With censoring at 5 years before the reference date the OR for >= 10 years after first regular mobile phone use was 0.83 (0.58-1.19) and for >= 1640 h of cumulative call time it was 2.79(1.51-5.16). but again with no trend in the lower nine deciles and with the lowest OR in the 9th decile. In general, ORs were not greater in subjects who reported usual phone use on the same side of the head as their tumour than in those who reported it on the opposite side, but it was greater in those in the 10th decile of cumulative hours of use. Conclusions: There was no increase in risk of acoustic neuroma with ever regular use of a mobile phone or for users who began regular use 10 years or more before the reference date. Elevated odds ratios observed at the highest level of cumulative call time could be due to chance, reporting bias or a causal effect. As acoustic neuroma is usually a slowly growing tumour, the interval between introduction of mobile phones and occurrence of the tumour might have been too short to observe an effect, if there is one. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Les progrès obtenus au cours des dernières décennies sur la sécurité de la conduite automobile ne trouvent pas leur équivalent en conduite de deux-roues motorisés (DRM). Au kilomètre parcouru, le risque d'être tué est de l'ordre de 20 fois supérieur pour ces derniers. Différents travaux, ont souligné le rôle crucial des mécanismes perceptifs dans cette sur accidentalité : les DRM tendent à ne pas être vus par les autres usagers de la route, ce qui provoque une grande partie de leurs accidents avec tiers. Le projet PERCEPT se propose, sur la base d'une analyse de la façon dont la littérature permet d'appréhender la question, d'investiguer plus avant cette problématique en recourant complémentairement à 1) une analyse approfondie des mécanismes d'accidents de DRM impliquant des difficultés perceptives de la part des conducteurs confrontés, 2) une investigation expérimentale des processus sous-jacents à ces difficultés perceptives, 3) ainsi qu'à une analyse plus opérationnelle des besoins des conducteurs concernés et des mesures qui y correspondent plus particulièrement. Le présent rapport fait l'objet d'un exposé détaillé de ces différents développements. Convention Fondation Sécurité routière / Ifsttar

47th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (inter-noise 2018), CHICAGO, ETATS-UNIS, 26-/08/2018 - 29/08/2018; Background : The effects of annoyance due to aircraft noise on psychological distress have not been largely investigated, and remain discussed. The present study aimed to investigate the association between aircraft noise annoyance and psychological distress among people living near French airports.Methods : The DEBATS study included 1,244 residents around three major French airports. Information about psychological distress was provided by a face-to-face questionnaire including the 12-version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Annoyance due to aircraft noise was assessed through the verbal 5-point ICBEN scale. The association with psychological distress was investigated using logistic regressions. Results : About 22% of the participants were considered to have psychological distress according to the GHQ-12. A significant association was found between aircraft noise annoyance and psychological distress. The ORs ranged from 1.49 (95%CI=0.94-2.39) to 3.64 (95%CI=1.70-7.78), with gradual ORs across the different categories of annoyance. Conclusions : This study found a significant association between aircraft noise annoyance and psychological distress confirming the findings found in the literature. However the direction of the association can be questioned: annoyed people might be more prone to have psychological distress, but it is also possible that people with psychological distress might be more prone to be annoyed.

Safety CaUsation, Benefits and Efficiency (SafetyCube) is a European Commission supported Horizon 2020 project with the objective of developing an innovative road safety Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS will enable policy-makers and stakeholders to select and implement the most appropriate strategies, measures, and cost-effective approaches to reduce casualties of all road user types and all severities. This document is the first deliverable (4.1) of work package 4 which is dedicated to identifying and assessing human related risk factors and corresponding countermeasures as well as their effect on road safety. The focus of deliverable 4.1 is on identification and assessment of risk factors and describes the corresponding operational procedure and corresponding outcomes. The following steps have been carried out: Identification of human related risk factors - creation of a taxonomy, Consultation of relevant stakeholders and policy papers for identification of topic with high, priority ('hot topics'), Systematic literature search and selection of relevant studies on identified risk factors, Coding of studies, Analysis of risk factors on basis of coded studies, Synopses of risk factors, including accident scenarios, The core output of this task are synopses of risk factors which will be available through the DSS. Within the synopses, each risk factor was analysed systematically on basis of scientific studies and is, further assigned to one of four levels of risk (marked with a colour code). Essential information of the more than 180 included studies were coded and will also be available in the database of the DSS. Furthermore, the synopses contain theoretical background on the risk factor and are prepared in different sections with different levels of detail for an academic as well as a non-academic audience. These sections are readable independently.It is important to note that the relationship between road safety and road user related risk factors is a difficult task. For some risk factors the available studies focused more on conditions of the behaviour (in which situations the behaviour is shown or which groups are more likely to show this behaviour) rather than the risk factor itself. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that those risk factors that have not often been studied or have to rely more indirect and arguably weaker methodologies, e.g. self-reports , do not increase the chance of a crash occurring.The following analysed risk factors were assessed as 'risky', 'probably risky' or 'unclear'. No risk factors were identified as 'probably not risky'.