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The present work studied aqueous extracts of castor beans as a natural inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl using gravimetric tests, potentiodynamic polarization curves, linear polarization method, electrochemical impedance measurements, surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Gravimetric tests showed that inhibition efficiency (IE) increased with immersion time and concentration of the extract, reaching 97.8% in the presence of 800 mg L−1 inhibitor after 24 h immersion time. For the gravimetric tests varying the temperature, a decrease of the activation energy (Ea) was observed, suggesting chemical adsorption of extract components on the metal surface. The extracts from the castor beans acted as a good corrosion inhibitor, and the macromolecules present in the high molecular weight fraction (HMWF) have a fundamental participation in this process since it presented 93.7% of IE for 200 mg L−1.

The effect of two papaya seed extracts (infusion and acid extracts) on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 mol L-1 HCl was examined. The efficiency for inhibiting the corrosion of C-steel in 1 mol L-1 HCl increased with the extract concentration and decreased slightly with the temperature. The inhibitory property of the extract is discussed in terms of the mechanism by which its components adsorb onto the C-steel surface decreasing the active surface area. This adsorption process obeyed a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The infusion extract which presented more phenolic compounds than the acid extract showed higher inhibition efficiency. The apparent activation energy (Ea) for the dissolution of C-steel slightly increased when the infusion extract was used.

The use of industrial painting is one of the methods for corrosion protection of metals and requires a suitable surface treatment on the metallic substrate for better adhesion between metal and paint film. In cases where the substrate presents low thickness (less than 2 mm), the phosphating pretreatment is widely used, despite of such process generates harmful residues to environment and human health. In this context, the sol-gel method has been highlighted as an easy and a cheap process, and less harmful to the environment. This work shows the development of carbon steel AISI 1005 pre-treatment by sol-gel method using niobium and/or aluminium-containing-resins, synthetized by Pechini method. Electrochemical and performance analysis were carried out in samples coated by the resins, which showed analogous behavior to phosphated systems. The proposed pre-treatment has potential for phosphating process replacement, because the morphology of the deposited layers enhanced the metallic contact surface with the organic coating, increasing its mechanical and polar adhesion. Such observation can justify its better anticorrosive performance, comparing to the untreated substrate.

The effect of two papaya seed extracts (infusion and acid extracts) on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 mol L-1 HCl was examined. The efficiency for inhibiting the corrosion of C-steel in 1 mol L-1 HCl increased with the extract concentration and decreased slightly with the temperature. The inhibitory property of the extract is discussed in terms of the mechanism by which its components adsorb onto the C-steel surface decreasing the active surface area. This adsorption process obeyed a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The infusion extract which presented more phenolic compounds than the acid extract showed higher inhibition efficiency. The apparent activation energy (Ea) for the dissolution of C-steel slightly increased when the infusion extract was used.

In the present work, two mixed oxides, namely, SiO2/Al2O3/Nb2O5 and SiO2/Al2O3/TiO2 (designated as SiAlNb and SiAlTi, respectively), obtained using the sol–gel method were used to immobilize chloroperoxidase. Hydrogen peroxide was quantified using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as a redoxmediator and amperometric measurements at 0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl/Cl (3 M). The SiAlTi biosensor presented higher sensitivity than the SiAlNb biosensor, however, the first one did not present a good response regarding time. The developed biosensor using the SiAlNb mixed oxide provided good signal levels, good linearity, good stability (retaining approximately 70% of its original response after 6 weeks of usage), a low detection limit (3 цM), good sensitivity, a suitable working range (from 4 to 19 цM), fast response and good repeatability. The recovery of the amperometric method for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in synthetic samples was approximately 100 ±2%, and for Listerine® Whitening Pre- Brush Rinse samples fortified with 1, 2 and 3% (v/v) of hydrogen peroxide, it was 100 ±3%.

Amperometric and spectrophotometric methods were developed for measuring iodide tracer concentration in water produced from offshore oil reservoirs. The amperometric method exhibited a linear response from 1 to 10 mg L-1 with limits of detection and of quantification of 0.2 and 0.6 mg L-1, respectively. The spectrophotometric method also exhibited a linear response from 1 to 10 mg L-1 with limits of detection and of quantification of 1 and 3 mg L-1, respectively. Both methods showed to be accurate, linear, homoscedastic and their recoveries were 101 ± 2 and 100 ± 3%, respectively, while the recoveries for produced reservoir water samples (fortified with iodide) were 97 ± 7 and 100 ± 3%, respectively. High amounts of sulfate interfere in the spectrophotometric method. Both methods are promising, simple and inexpensive alternatives to ion chromatography for the detection of iodide tracer in produced water reservoir samples. Métodos amperométrico e espectrofotométrico foram desenvolvidos para determinar a concentração do traçador iodeto em água produzida de reservatórios de petróleo marítimos. O método amperométrico exibiu uma resposta linear na faixa de 1 a 10 mg L-1 com limites de detecção e de quantificação de 0,2 e 0,6 mg L-1, respectivamente. O método espectrofotométrico também apresentou uma resposta linear na faixa de 1 a 10 mg L-1 com limites de detecção e de quantificação de 1 e 3 mg L-1, respectivamente. Ambos os métodos mostraram-se precisos, lineares, homocedásticos e suas recuperações foram de 101 ± 2 e 100 ± 3%, respectivamente, enquanto que as recuperações para amostras de água produzida de reservatórios (acrescidas de iodeto) foram de 97 ± 7 e 100 ± 3%, respectivamente. Altos teores de sulfato interferem no método espectrofotométrico. Ambos os métodos são alternativas promissoras, simples e baratas à cromatografia iônica para detecção do traçador iodeto em amostras de água produzida de reservatórios de petróleo.

Aminoácidos e moléculas auto-organizáveis vêm sendo largamente estudados na ação inibidora da corrosão de materiais metálicos. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o comportamento eletroquímico da cisteína, do difosfonato e da mistura de ambos na ação inibidora da corrosão do aço inoxidável 304 em HCl 1M. Foram empregadas como técnicas: potencial de circuito aberto, polarização anódica potenciostática (PA), cronoamperometria (CA), espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE) e microscopia óptica (MO). Os resultados de CA mostraram que a cisteína tem um efeito dúbio, catalisador e inibidor de corrosão, efeito este em função do tempo de imersão da peça metálica na solução eletrolítica. As curvas PA mostraram menor densidade de corrente para o sistema contendo cisteína + difosfonato, sugerindo uma ação sinérgica inibidora. Esses resultados foram confirmados por EIE e MO. Amino acids and self assembled monolayers (SAM's) have been studied as to their inhibiting action on the corrosion of metallic materials. The objective of this work is to study the electrochemical behavior of the cisteincisteine, the diphosfonate and the mixture of both in inhibiting the action of corrosion on stainless steel 304 in HCl 1 molL-1. As the following techniques were used: open circuit potential (OCP), potenciostatic anodic polarization (AP), chronoamperometry (CA), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and optical microscopy (OM). The results of CA showed that cisteine has a double effect, catalytic and inhibiting, in function of the immersion time of the metallic part in the electrolytic solution. AP curves have shown lesser current density for the system containing cisteine + diphosfonate, suggesting an inhibiting synergic action. These results have been confirmed by EIS and OM.