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Book reviewed in this article: On the Brink: Negotiating Literature and Life With Adolescents. By Susan Hynds. 1997. Reading Across Cultures: Teaching Literature in a Diverse Society. Edited by Theresa Rogers and Anna O. Soter. 1997. Authorizing Readers: Resistance and Respect in the Teaching of Literature. By Peter J. Rabinowitz and Michael W. Smith. 1998. Knowledge in the Making: Challenging the Text in the Classroom. Edited by Bill Corcoran, Mike Hayhoe, and Gordon M. Pradl. 1994.

Nursing in the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union has undergone a period of awakening since the fall of the Soviet system. Through international partnerships, health care providers and leaders are considering the importance of a well educated and appropriately managed nursing work force to the health of society. Nursing reform activities against the backdrop of the Soviet health system are described.

Suboptimal breathing patterns and impairments of posture and trunk stability are often associated with musculoskeletal complaints such as low back pain. A therapeutic exercise that promotes optimal posture (diaphragm and lumbar spine position), and neuromuscular control of the deep abdominals, diaphragm, and pelvic floor (lumbar-pelvic stabilization) is desirable for utilization with patients who demonstrate suboptimal respiration and posture. This clinical suggestion presents a therapeutic exercise called the 90/90 bridge with ball and balloon. This exercise was designed to optimize breathing and enhance both posture and stability in order to improve function and/or decrease pain. Research and theory related to the technique are also discussed.

The differing outcomes between the judges and jury reflect the difficult challenges remaining for the UCWG in building greater convergence among different jurisdictions in the analysis of loyalty discounts and rebates. Cynthia Lagdameo (FTC) & Charles Webb (Baker Botts)

Collaborative efforts among community members, health care professionals, and faith-based institutions can prove valuable in efforts to improve community health. This study used data obtained from before and after health risk assessment surveys to assess participant's knowledge of risk factors leading to chronic diseases among African Americans in an underserved community of Alabama. Data obtained from activity logs and health screening sessions was used to assess effect of knowledge gained on lifestyle practices. The study findings support the need for ongoing population-specific education program development in religious institutions located inside underserved communities.

We teach in a land-grant university located in an urban setting, but it is not an urban university. Rather than reflecting the cultural and linguistic diversity of the metropolitan area and schools, students who attend the university and enroll in our courses for preservice teachers are predominantly white. This context creates a specific set of challenges related to our work as critical educators. We have found that a critical pedagogy of race with white preservice teachers needs to position them as “responsible” without necessarily positioning them to feel “guilty.” While the challenges of doing this work are complex, in this chapter we share texts and pedagogies we have used to constructively address them.

By sequential immunization with a variety of different interleukin (IL) 1 receptor (IL 1R)-bearing cells and by generating a large number of clones from a single fusion experiment, we have managed to produce two monoclonal antibodies which react with the lymphocyte IL 1R. The antibodies also react with the mouse fibroblast line, 3T3, but we have not yet defined their reactivity with cells carrying low-affinity receptors. Immunoprecipitation allows the IL 1R to be isolated from EL4 6.1 cell membrane preparations and shows that the IL 1R exists as a complex. The antibodies clearly interfere with IL 1 responses both in vitro and in vivo. These are the first anti-mouse IL 1R antibodies to be described which clearly and profoundly affect the immune response.

Socially situated identities-We use this term as defined by Gee (1999) to mean the different social positions that people enact or perform in particular settings. Identity is usually associated with a stable, internal state of being. Adding socially situated to the term foregrounds the fluid, socially constructed notion of identity that informs our study. Interdiscursivity-This term refers to the presence or trace of one discourse within another. Interdiscursive language rearticulates already existing discourses. Often in our research interdiscursivity occurs when one participant appropriates and reconstructs discourses associated with other participants. This process involves a generative reconstruction of a discourse rather than a recapitulation or imitation. It is a process that we associate with learning. Dialogic discourse-Based on the work of Bakhtin, we use this term to represent the ways in which speakers are always in the process of addressing and answering previous and future utterances across time and space. As Bakhtin (1981) put it, “The word in language is half someone else’s” (p.

Contents: Preface. Foreword. Part I: Contexts. The Social Politics and Performance of Literature. A Social Geography of the Classroom and Surrounding Community. Part II: Literary Practices. Enacting Classroom Culture Through the Ritual of Read-Aloud: What Do We Have in Common? Negotiating Classroom Culture in Peer-Led Literature Discussions: What Are Our Social Roles? Probing Cultural Norms in Teacher-Led Discussions: Why Do We Believe What We Believe? Appropriating Cultural Norms Through Independent Reading: What Will We Accept, Reject, or Reinvent. Part III: Reflections and Implications for Pedagogy. Literary Practices as Social Acts. Appendix: Methodology.

This study aimed to ascertain the ability of the microbiology laboratory to detect and identify catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci with particular reference to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Twenty-seven reference strains and 42 prospectively collected catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci were screened by agar dilution breakpoint susceptibility and linked biochemical methods in routine use. Ability to speciate organisms was then compared using: (i) a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, designed to detect gene sequences specific to Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, and vancomycin resistance (van) genes; (ii) a commercial "API 20 strep" (iii) an algorithm using individual tests from a commercial API 20 strep strip; and (iv) the same algorithm utilising traditional phenotyping methods. All vancomycin resistant catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci were detected by an agar dilution screening plate containing 4 micrograms/ml of vancomycin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected all enterococci with van genes, speciated all vancomycin-sensitive E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates and excluded non-enterococcal vancomycin-resistant catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci. Algorithm-based methods speciated 41 of the 42 study isolates (98%). The API 20 strep correctly identified only 25 (60%) of these organisms, 38 of which were vancomycin-sensitive E. faecalis. VRE are detected by current screening methods for vancomycin-resistant catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci in this laboratory. API 20 strep, currently used to speciate catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci, is less reliable and should be replaced. Algorithm-based phenotyping by either method tested is more reliable for speciation than API 20 strep in its recommended form. Compared to the other methods tested, PCR is a rapid, accurate and inexpensive method of detecting and speciating vancomycin-resistant enterococci and it provides important extra information impacting on clinical therapy and infection control.

ails are well known to compromise patient outcomes, resulting in loss of independence and confidence as well as susceptibility to future falls. While the majority of falls don't result in serious physical injury, they can influence morbidity and mortality. A general hesitancy among hospital staff to file incident reports makes it difficult to obtain actual fall statistics, but falls are estimated to account for nearly 90% of all reported hospital incidents. It's also well documented that falls increase hospital costs and length of stay. Depending on cognitive impairment, muscle weakness, and balance and visual impairment, a patient with a hip fracture requires a sevento 10-day stay in the acute care setting. National expenses for fall-related fractures are calculated at $10 billion annually. The confused patient, who's at risk for falls, presents a particular nursing challenge. You're often called upon to intervene before the cause of the patient's confusion is even identified. And though immediate action is necessary, you must comply with the standards of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) and the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) in using any physical or chemical restraints. That's why, in 1992, as part of a quality improvement project, nurses at Lutheran Medical Center in Wheat Ridge, Colorado, implemented a fall-prevention program with special emphasis on the confused patient. We developed an algorithm for assessing confused patients and intervening appropriately. Here we'll present our algorithm and describe how it works.

Whether the Duke ultimately reaches his goal to unite strict punishment and mercy is an issue that has evoked as much comment as the means by which he sets out to accomplish it. Readers who, like Harriett Hawkins, find the play's ending "not only aesthetically and intellectually unsatisfying, but personally infuriating," usually see Measure for Measure as fundamentally split in tone, structure, and viewpoint. For Hawkins, any effort in Measure to combine law and mercy fails utterly. Moreover, she argues, the Duke's character becomes muddled and unconvincing. He proves contemptibly shallow "by forcing the comic upon the characters and the audience." 2 On the other hand, many readers see Measure for Measure as unified. Arthur

The phenotypes of acute ‘lymphoid’ and undifferentiated leukaemias (Thy-ALL, non-T, non-B ALL and ‘lymphoid’ blast crisis in Ph 1 positive leukaemia) were investigated in 45 patients. The markers included an anti-serum specific for non-T, non-B ALL (anti-ALL serum), an antiserum which reacts with B lymphocytes, non-T, non-B ALL, and some AML but not with Thy-ALL (anti-p28,33), an anti-human T lymphocyte serum (anti-HuTLA), E-rosetting (a T cell and thymocyte marker) and anti-immunoglobulin (a B cell marker). The phenotype of Thy-ALL was anti-ALL − , anti-p28,33 − , anti-HuTLA + , E + , anti-Ig − . The phenotype of non-T,non-B ALL and ‘lymphoid’ blast crisis was identical: anti-ALL + , anti-p28,33 + , anti-HuTLA − , E − , anti-Ig − . It is concluded that Thy-ALL derives from either thymic lymphocytes or a thymocyte precursor which differentiates into leukaemic cells with a Thy phenotype whereas both non-T, non-B ALL (i.e. the major subgroup of ALL) and some Philadelphia chromosome positive CML in ‘lymphoid’ blast crisis invoke a more primitive cell type of stem cell which, when malignantly transformed, has only minimal differentiation capacity.

Hippocampal EEG activity is recorded from normal mice and from mice congenitally lacking vestibular oloconia. Recording conditions include treadmill running, free behavior, and treatment with both atropine sulfate and eserine. The hippocampal EEG activity of the normal mice is essentially the same in composition, in relation to behavior, and in response to drugs as has been reported for other rodents. No measure taken shows any difference between normal mice and the mice lacking otoconia, suggesting the tonic input from the vestibular gravity receptor organ is not a necessary factor in the regulation of hippocampal EEG activity or of EEG—behavior relationships.