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Istraživanje visokog obrazovanja i njegovog uticaja na ekonomski i društveni razvoj dobija sve značajnije mesto u savremenoj društvenoj nauci. Posebno se ističe međuodnos visokog obrazovanja i društvene strukture, odnosno načini na koje društveno poreklo studenata utiče na pristup i ishode u visokom obrazovanju i na koji visoko obrazovanje doprinosi povećanju ili smanjenju društvenih nejednakosti. U radu smo predstavili dve paradigme koje imaju različita tumačenja i predviđanja uticaja društvenog porekla na obrazovne procese: 1) funkcionalistička paradigma u okviru koje se prevashodno posmatra obrazovanje kao mehanizam koji utiče na smanjenje društvenih nejednakosti i 2) kritička paradigma u okviru koje se tumači kako obrazovanje doprinosi reprodukciji postojećeg sistema društvenih odnosa. Analiza se zasniva na korišćenju dve teorije koje objašnjavaju opstanak društvenog porekla: teorija ekonomskih ograničenja i teorija kulturnog kapitala. Namera je bila da funkcionalno integrišemo ova dva teorijska pristupa u izučavanju uticaja društvenog porekla na obrazovne nejednakosti kako bismo dobili celovitije tumačenje procesa u okviru sistema visokog obrazovanja. Takođe, u radu je proverena teza o maksimalno održavanoj nejednakosti i teza o efikasno održavanoj nejednakosti. Predmet rada je uticaj društvenog porekla na pristup novoupisanih studenata visokom obrazovanju u Srbiji u periodu od akademske 2015/16. do 2018/19. godine i na završetak studija diplomiranih studenata u periodu od 2015. do 2018. godine. Cilj rada je da utvrdimo uticaj društvenog porekla studenata merenog na osnovu zanimanja i obrazovanja roditelja, ali i rodne i prostorne dimenzije na horizontalnu i vertikalnu osu visokog obrazovanja u smislu pristupa i ishoda studiranja. Odgovarajući na postavljena istraživačka pitanja, ispitali smo pravičnost sistema visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji. Istovremeno, doprinosimo boljem razumevanju društvenih nejednakosti i načinu na koji se one reflektuju na obrazovnu sferu. Takođe, proširili smo postojeći korpus empirijskih uvida i znanja time što smo istražili horizontalne i vertikalne obrazovne nejednakosti i operacionalizovali prestižnost visokoobrazovnih institucija. Kako bismo dali odgovor na postavljene ciljeve istraživanja, koristili smo kvantitativni pristup. Ovaj pristup je obuhvatio eksplorativnu analizu kumulativne statistike i eksplikativnu analizu putem logističkih regresionih modela. S tim ciljem koristili smo podatke zvanične statistike Republičkog zavoda za statistiku o novoupisanim i diplomiranim studentima. Podaci su prikupljeni putem individualnih statističkih upitnika „Statistički izveštaj o upisu studenata” (obrazac ŠV-20) i „Statistički izveštaj za studente koji su završili studije na visokoškolskim institucijama” (obrazac ŠV-50). Vrednost i validnost rezulatata proističu iz činjenice da su ovim upitnicima popisani svi novoupisani studenti na osnovnim studijama i diplomirani studenti na tri nivoa studija u istraživanom periodu. Nedostak istraživanja proističe iz korišćenja podaka u sekundarne svrhe, te smo analizu prilagođavali dostupnim podacima. Takođe, baze podataka za novoupisane i diplomirane studente nisu identične. Stoga nije moguće porediti dve grupe studenata na osnovu svih posmatranih varijabli. Rezultati logističke regresione analize pokazuju da društveno poreklo utiče na odluke studenata prlikom izbora studija, kao i na završetak studija, što ima posledice na pravednost visokoobrazovnog sistema u Srbiji i na mogućnosti pojedinaca za uzlaznu društvenu pokretljivost. Na osnovu rezultata eksplorativne i eksplikativne analize možemo utvditi da je pretpostavka o postojanju vertikalnih obrazovnih nejednakosti jasno pokazana u slučaju pristupa i ishoda u visokom obrazovanju, čime su potvrđene hipoteze o postojanju vertikalnih obrazovnih nejednakosti u srednjoškolskom i visokom obrazovanju u Srbiji. Veće nejednakosti su uočene na srednjoškolskom nivou obrazovanja – izbor vrste srednje škole ima centralni značaj za dalje obrazovne izbore i obrazovnu karijeru mladih. Zatim, dodatno usmeravanje brucoša vrši se prilikom izbora vrste studija, a rezultati potvrđuju da su nejednakosti veće kod diplomiranih studenata u poređenju sa novoupisanim studentima. Rezultati upućuju na to da dolazi do institucionalne diferencijacije sistema visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji i nalazi jasno ukazuju da su potvrđene polazne pretpostavke o postojanju raslojavanja na horizontalnoj osi u pogledu pristupa i završetka studija. Razlike u vezi sa tipom vlasništva fakulteta manje su izražene u odnosu na područja i prestižnost visokoobrazovnih institucija jer je privatni sektor u visokom obrazovanju relativno skoro ustanovljen, te je malog ugleda i kredibiliteta. Analiza podataka je pokazala da se istraživana područja studiranja razlikuju u pogledu prestižnosti i da su među studijama koje privlače najveći broj potencijalnih brucoša medicinske, tehničke nauke i usluge (kao što su turizam, sport, bezbednost, vojska i odbrana i transport). Rezultati pokazuju da studenti čiji roditelji imaju veće količine institucionalnog kulturnog kapitala imaju veće šanse da upišu prestižnije studije. Uticaj obrazovanja i klasno-slojne pozicije roditelja se smanjuju kako studenti završavaju više nivoe visokog obrazovanja, čime je potvrđena pretpostavka da društveno poreklo ima manji uticaj na master i doktorskim studijama u odnosu na osnovne studije. Rezultati su potvrdili polazne pretpostavke o postojanju rodnih i regionalnih nejednakosti. Rodne nejednakosti u pristupu i ishodima u visokom obrazovanju u Srbiji su više izražene u vertikalnoj u odnosu na horzontalnu dimenziju. Rezultati pokazuju da žene češće biraju i završavaju gimnazije, akademske i državne studije. Nisu uočene prepreke u pristupu žena prestižnim studijama, dok muškarci imaju veće šanse da završe prestižne studije. Postoje izražene rodne razlike u područjima studiranja, gde žene češće upisuju obrazovanje i zdravstvo i socijalnu zaštitu, dok muškarci češće upisuju inženjerstvo, proizvodnju i građevinarstvo. Regionalne razlike postoje, ali su manje izražene i nisu podjednako značajne za sve dimenzije visokog obrazovanja. Manje su u oblasti srednjeg obrazovanja, u odnosu na visoko obrazovanje, dok izražene regionalne razlike postoje što se tiče prestižnosti, a studenti iz Beogradskog regiona su mnogo privilegovaniji u ovom segmentu. Time smo potvrdili hipotezu da su regionalne nejednakosti više izražene u horizontalnoj u odnosu na vertikalnu dimenziju visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji. Naši nalazi ukazuju da je uticaj društvenog porekla na obrazovne procese postojan i da obrazovanje utiče na održavanje društvenih nejednakosti tako što društveno poreklo utiče na obrazovnu pokretljivost, ukrštajući se sa rodnim i regionalnim oblicima nejednakosti. Higher education research and its influence on economic and social development are taking more and more prominent place in contemporary explorations. Interaction between higher education and social structure is particularly emphasized, i.e. how social origin of students influence the access and the attainment in higher education and how higher education contributes to the increase or decrease of social inequalities. Two paradigms are highlighted and both have different interpretations and predictions of social origin influence on educational processes. Firstly, functionalist paradigm primarily examines education as a mechanism which influences the demise of social inequalities. Secondly, critical paradigm interprets how education contributes to reproduction of the existing system of social relations. The analysis is based on the application of two theories which explain the persistence of social origin: theory of relative risk aversion and cultural capital theory. The intention was to implement two theoretical approaches in exploration of social origin on educational inequalities in order to integrate them and give more comprehensive explanation of the processes in the higher education sphere. Furthermore, maximally maintained inequality hypothesis and effectively maintained inequality hypothesis will be tested. The main aim was to explore the impact of social origin on the access to higher education in Serbia of freshmen from 2015/16 to 2018/19 and on the completion of graduated students from 2015 to 2018. The goal was to determine the influence of students’ social origin (operationalized by parents’ occupation and educational level), as well as gender and regional dimension on horizontal and vertical dimension of higher education considering the access and the attainment. Addressing the proposed research questions, we examined the equity of the higher education system in Serbia. At the same time, we contribute to the better understanding of social inequalities and the way they affect the educational sphere. Furthermore, we expanded the existing corpus of empirical insights and knowledge exploring horizontal and vertical educational inequalities and operationalizing the selectivity of higher education institutions. In order to give the answers on proposed research aims, we used quantitative approach. The analysis encompasses explorative analysis of cumulative statistics and explicative analysis of logistic regression models. For this purpose, we used the official data from Statistical office of the Republic of Serbia for freshmen and graduated students. The data are conducted by individual statistical questionnaires “Statistical report on the student registration” (form ŠV-20) and „Statistical report on graduated students at the higher education institutions“(form ŠV-50). The reliability and validity of the results are based on the fact that all undergraduate freshmen and all graduated students on three levels in the research period are listed by these forms. Shortcomings of the research are grounded in the fact that we utilized secondary data, thus we adapted the analysis to the available data. Moreover, data basis for freshmen and graduated students are not identical. Hence it is not possible compare two groups of students concerning all examined variables. Results of logistic regression analysis show that social origin influences the students’ access to studies, as well as the completion of studies. This has consequences on the equity of higher education in Serbia and on the opportunity for individual upward social mobility. According to the results of explorative and explicative analysis we can confirm that the assumption on the existence of vertical educational inequalities is clearly shown in the case of access and attainment in the higher education. Thus the hypothesis on the persistence of vertical educational inequalities in secondary and postsecondary education in Serbia is confirmed. Higher inequalities are observed on the secondary educational level and the choice of high school has the crucial impact for further educational transitions and educational career of young people. Furthermore, additional selection of freshmen is performed when the type of studies are chosen, although results confirm that inequalities are higher for graduated students comparing to freshmen. The results indicate that the institutional differentiation of higher educational system in Serbia is ongoing. Findings clearly demonstrated that initial assumption on the persistence of differentiation on horizontal dimension in terms of the access and the attainment is approved. However, the differences concerning ownership type are less marked in comparison to the fields of studies and selectivity of higher educational institutions because private sector has been recently established. Therefore it has lower reputation and credibility. Data analysis pointed out that examined fields of study are differentiated by the selectivity. Among studies which attract the most potential freshmen are medical, technical studies and services (such as turism, sport, security, defence and transport). Findings show that students whose parents have higher institutional cultural capital have higher chances to enrol in selective studies. The influence of parents’ education and class position is decreasing as students finish higher levels of higher education. Therefore, the assumption is confirmed that social origin has less influence on master and doctoral studies comparing to undergraduate studies. Findings confirm initial assumptions on the persistence of gender and regional inequalities. Gender inequalities in access and completion of higher education in Serbia are more noticeable on vertical than on horizontal dimension. Results show that women more often choose and finish gymnasiums, academic studies and the state higher education institutions. The obstacles for women to access selective studies are not noticed, while men have higher chances to finish selective studies. Striking gender differences in the field of studies are still notable. Women more frequently apply to education and health care studies and men more often study engineering. Regional differences exist, but they are less noticeable and they are not equally important for all higher education dimensions. They are less distinct in the sphere of secondary education comparing to higher education, while striking regional differences exist when it comes to selectivity. Students from Belgrade region are much more privileged in this segment. Therefore we confirmed hypothesis that regional inequalities manifest themselves more in horizontal than on vertical dimension of higher education in Serbia. Our findings point out that the influence of social origin on educational processes is persistent. Educational system affect the reproduction of social inequalities, namely social origin has an effect on educational mobility, interconnecting with gender and regional inequalities.

Osnovni cilj doktorske disertacije predstavlja analiza činilaca nastanka i održivosti radničkog samoupravljanja, kao oblika kolektivnog delanja radničke klase. U cilju utvrđivanja determinističke vrednosti različitih faktora analiza je smeštena u uporedni okvir. Model radničkog samoupravljanja u obliku 'oporavljenih preduzeća' (Empresas recuperadas por sus trabajadores – ERT) u Argentini do čije pojave je došlo u jeku dramatične ekonomske krize početkom dvehiljaditih izabran je kao iskustveni okvir na čijem primeru su empirijskim istraživanjem analizirani faktori održivosti. Pored usmerenosti analize na 'oporavljena preduzeća' u Argentini, predmet razmatranja predstavljao je i model radničkog samoupravljanja u Jugoslaviji. U radu se pošlo od hipoteze da su nastanak i održivost radničkog samoupravljanja uslovljeni kombinacijom unutrašnjih i spoljašnjih činilaca (odnosno činilaca unutar i izvan preduzeća). Preciznije, testirana je hipoteza da spoljašnji činioci osiguravaju opšte okvire pojave radničkog samoupravljanja, dok mogućnost njegove konsolidacije počiva na konstelaciji niza unutrašnjih faktora. Rezultati analize radničkog samoupravljanja u Jugoslaviji i Argentini pokazali su da je hipoteza o činiocima uspostavljanja i učvršćivanja radničkog samoupravljanja u velikoj meri potvrđena. Na osnovu relativno opširne istorijske i empirijske analize donosi se zaključak da spoljašnji faktori obezbeđuju opšte pretpostavke za pojavu radničkog samoupravljanja, dok unutrašnji ostvaruju direktan uticaj na održivost ovakvog jednog procesa. Preciznije, spoljašnje pretpostavke u vidu sistemskih i strukturalnih činilaca stvaraju opštu mogućnost nastanka radničkog samoupravljanja, dok je veza između ove grupe faktora i održivosti radničkog samoupravljanja posredovana organizacijskim i akcijskim činiocima koji imaju neposredan uticaj. Ipak, kao osnovni faktori koji organizuju i oblikuju ostale faktore ističu se sistemski činioci. U sklopu unutrašnjih faktora, poredbeni plan analize je pokazao da ekonomski, organizacijski i vrednosni činioci (u smislu vrednosne i interesne konzistentnosti) imaju posebnu važnost za održivost radničkog samoupravljanja. The primary objective of the doctoral dissertation is to analyze factors related to the emergence and sustainability of workers’ self-management, as a form of the collective action of the working class. In order to establish the deterministic values of different factors, the analysis was set within a comparative framework. A model of workers’ self-management in the form of “worker- recuperated enterprises” (Empresas recuperadas por sus trabajadores – ERT) in Argentina, which emerged in the midst of the dramatic economic crisis in early 2000, was chosen as an experiential framework in which sustainability factors were analyzed applying empirical research. In addition to the focus on “worker-recuperated enterprises” in Argentina, the analysis also considered the workers’ self-management model in Yugoslavia. The dissertation started from the hypothesis that the sustainability of workers’ self-management is conditioned by a combination of internal and external factors (i.e. factors within and out of the company). More specifically, it tested the hypothesis that external factors ensure the general framework supporting the emergence of workers’ self-management, while the possibility of its consolidation relies on the constellation of a number of internal factors. The analysis of workers’ self-management in Yugoslavia and Argentina resulted in confirming the hypothesis about the factors affecting establishment and consolidation of workers’ self-management to a great extent. A relatively extensive historical and empirical analysis led to the conclusion that external factors ensure the general assumptions for the emergence of workers’ self-management, while internal factors have direct effects on the sustainability of such a process. In other words, external assumptions in the form of systemic and structural factors create the general possibility of the emergence of workers’ self-management, whereas the interconnection between these groups of factors and the sustainability of workers’ self-management are interposed by organizational and activity factors which have direct influence. Nevertheless, systemic factors stand out as key factors that organize and shape other factors. As regards internal factors, a comparative analysis plan showed that economic, organizational and value factors (in terms of value and interest consistency) have a special significance in the sustainability of workers’ self-management.

The main aim of this paper is to analyse non-responses (“do not know“ and „no answer“ categories) on a wider set of empirical state- ments measuring different attitudes of Serbia’s citizens (towards mar- ket economy, neoliberal economic policies, democracy, ethnic relations, gender roles, morality issues and respecting the law). Following the post-politics (and/or post-democracy) thesis, we assumed that the share of those who have given any answer to the analysed questions will be higher in the case of attitudes related to the issues embedded in the res- pondents’ immediate experiences or to those issues defined as legitimate within the public sphere (such as perceptions of gender roles or ethnic relations) than in the case of attitudes related to abstract concepts of the functioning of political and/or economic systems. The results of the analysis confirmed the hypothesis: the highest share of non-responses was recorded for questions measuring attitudes on democracy and pre- ferred type of economic regulation. The second hypothesis has been formulated following Pierre Bourdieu’s research on the social conditions of political dispositions and class distribution of competences. His research focused on the structurally determined possibility of articulating political opinion by using legitimate political language, based on the self-recognized ability and the feeling of being competent to express this opinion publicly. Taking these insights as starting points, we assumed that probability of giving non-responses would be higher for people with lower social background, those who have lesser degrees of education, and/or who have been systematically excluded from political processes based on their place of residence (residents of vil- lages or small towns) or gender (women). Although a descriptive analy- sis confirmed the second hypothesis, more precise, regression models showed that education (the possession of cultural capital) – and not the class position – is by far the strongest and the most consistent predictor of non-responses when controlling all other factors.

Predmet razmatranja u doktorskoj disertaciji jesu rodne razlike u zaradama i sklonost izbora više od jednog posla, kao prakse tržišta rada koje postaju naročito vidljive u prvim godinama tranzicije. Ove prakse su karakteristične za sve privredne sisteme, a ne samo za zemlje u tranziciji. Međutim, njihov obim i struktura variraju u zavisnosti od dinamike prilagođavanja faktora koji utiču na funkcionisanje tržišta rada. Stoga je praćenje ovih praksi važno, budući da mogu imati šire implikacije na socijalnu i ekonomsku politiku zemalja u tranziciji. Njihova analiza u doktorskoj disertaciji odnosi se na period intenziviranja procesa privatizacije u Srbiji sa početka 2000-ih godina i završava se periodom kada su počeli da se uočavaju prvi pozitivni efekti strukturnih reformi koji su zatim usporeni ekonomskom krizom iz 2008. godine. Testirane su dve osnovne istraživačke hipoteze: (i) da li postoje statistički značajne razlike u zaradama između muškaraca i žena i da li se te razlike jednim delom mogu objasniti uticajem diskriminacione prakse u određivanju zarada, (ii) kao i da li sklonost izbora više od jednog posla zavisi od zarade i časova rada na osnovnom poslu, očekivane zarade od dodatnog zaposlenja, te od ostalih determinanti koje utiču na odluku pojedinca da se istovremeno angažuje na više poslova. Obe hipoteze su empirijski potvrđene. Informacionu osnovu čine podaci Ankete o životnom standardu na bazi koje je formirana serija panel podataka za 2002. i 2003. godinu, kao i serija uporednih podataka za 2007. godinu. Polazeći od činjenice da se stope aktivnosti i zaposlenosti muškaraca i žena značajno razlikuju, rodni jaz u zaradama je posmatran uzimajući u obzir selekciju zaposlenih u sektor zarada. Rodni jaz je najpre izračunat na bazi modela izbora podataka za uporedne podatke ocenjenog metodom maksimalne verodostojnosti. Prema ovom metodu, ocenjeni rodni jaz se smanjio sa 10,96% na 5,97% tokom posmatranog perioda. U drugom koraku, rodni jaz je ocenjen na bazi poluparametarskog modela izbora podataka sa neparametarskom korekcijom pristrasnosti usled neslučajnog izbora pojedinca da radi za platu. Testirane su razlike u strukturi zarada ocenjene primenom parametarskog i poluparametarskog modela izbora podataka i zaključeno je da parametarska specifikacija odgovara modelu zarada. Treći metod koristi kovarijacioni metod ocenjivanja funkcije zarada u formi modela fiksnih efekata. Ovaj metod je potvrdio prisustvo statističke diskriminacije u određivanju zarada žena. Četvrti metod koristi kvantilne regresije u dekompoziciji rodnih razlika duž raspodele zarada. Primena ovog metoda dala je za rezultat veće rodne razlike na donjem levom delu raspodele (17,44%) a manje na desnom gornjem delu raspodele (9,12%), potvrđujući prisustvo efekta klizavog poda. Na kraju je ocenjen probit model sa slučajnim efektima, čije ocene su pokazale da je odluka da se neko opredeli za dodatni posao snažno finansijski motivisana, tj. da zarada od osnovnog posla smanjuje verovatnoću izbora za 20,8%, a očekivana zarada od dodatnog posla je poveća za 0,6%. Doprinos doktorske disertacije ogleda se u tome što se u njoj prvi put celovito analiziraju rodne razlike u zaradama u srednjoj vrednosti i na različitim kvantilima raspodele zarada svih zaposlenih u Srbiji tokom perioda intenzivnih strukturnih reformi. U analizi ovih praksi korišćeni su parametarski i poluparametarski modeli i ekonometrijske tehnike ocenjivanja za uporedne podatke i podatke panela. U disertaciji se razmatraju karakteristike zaposlenih koji pored osnovnog imaju i dodatno zaposlenje, i ocenjuju determinante koje utiču na verovatnoću istovremenog izbora više od jednog posla. Rezultati ove analize su dobijeni primenom nekoliko uporednih metodoloških pristupa i ukazuju na značajno prisustvo neobjašnjenog rodnog jaza u zaradama koji sadrži i skrivenu komponentu diskriminacije, kao i na značajnost faktora koji utiču na verovatnoću izbora dodatnog posla, pre svega, u neformalnom sektoru. Ključni nalazi analize sugerišu da fokus javnih politika treba usmeriti na one institucije koje mogu da osnaže pregovaračku poziciju žena i doprinesu suzbijanju neformalnih praksi na tržištu rada Srbije. Doctoral dissertation considers gender wage differences and the propensity to hold multiple jobs as practices of the labour market that become especially visible during the first years of the transition to a market economy. These practices are characteristic of all the economic systems not only in transition economies. However, their scope and structure vary depending on the dynamics of adjustment of the factors influencing the functioning of the labour market. These practices may affect the social and economic policies of the transition countries and therefore monitoring them becomes important. Their analysis in this doctoral dissertation refers to the period of intensification of the privatization process of the early 2000s in Serbia and ends with a period when the first positive effects of structural reforms began to be perceived, which were then slowed down by the economic crisis of 2008. Two principal research hypotheses are examined: (i) are there statistically significant wage differences between men and women and can this difference be partly explained by an influence of discriminatory practice in wage determination; (ii) does the propensity to hold more than one job depend on primary job wages and hours of work, expected wages from a second job, as well as on other determinants that may affect individuals’ decisions to be engaged in more than one job simultaneously. Both hypotheses are empirically confirmed. The data are taken from the Living standards measurement survey, based on which a panel sample for 2002 and 2003, as well as a cross-section data set for 2007 were created. Since both the employment and participation rates of men and women differ substantially, the gender wage gap is examined taking into account the correction for sample selection bias of those who choose the employment in the wage sector. The gender wage gap is initially computed by using the maximum likelihood estimation of the sample selection model for cross-section data. According to this method, the gender wage gap has declined from 10.96 to 5.97 percent over the observed period. In a second step, the gender wage gap was estimated based on a semiparametric model of sample selection with nonparametric correction for potential bias due to non-random selection into the employment. The differences in the wage structure obtained by the parametric and semiparametric models of sample selection were tested and it is concluded that the parametric specification is the better fit for the wage function. The third method uses the within estimator of fixed effects model to estimate the wage functions. This method confirms the potential influence of statistical discrimination on the determination of women’s wages. The fourth method uses the quantile regression approach to decompose the gender wage gap along the wage distribution. This method yields a larger wage gap (17.44 percent) in the lower part and a smaller wage gap (9.12 percent) in the upper part of the wage distribution, indicating the existence of a sticky floor effect. The fifth method estimates the probit model with random effects and confirms the assumption that the decision to choose an additional job is strongly financially motivated, e.g. primary job wages reduce the probability of multiple job holding by 20.8 percent, while the second job reservation wage increases this probability by 0.6 percent. This doctoral dissertation contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the gender wage gap at both the mean and along the wage distributions of all employees in Serbia during the period of intensive structural reforms. In the analysis of these practices, parametric and semiparametric models are used together with the econometric methods of estimation of the cross-section and panel data. The dissertation examines the characteristics of those employees who have more than one job and the determinants that simultaneously affect the probability of multiple job holding. The main results of this analysis are obtained by using several comparative methodological approaches and they indicate the existence of a significant unexplained gender wage gap capturing wage discrimination and the significance of the factors affecting the probability of choosing more than one job, primarily in the informal sector. The findings suggest that the focus of the public policies should be directed towards those institutions that may strengthen the bargaining position of women and contribute to combating informal practices in the Serbian labour market.

У дисертацији се разматра повезаност између економског раста и промена субјективног благостања популација економски развијених земаља. Конкретније, првенствено се врши преиспитивање тзв. Истерлиновог парадокса, односно тезе да економски раст и промене субјективног благостања популација дугорочно нису повезани.Основном анализом обухваћено је по четрнаест развијених европских земаља у периодима, са једне стране, од 2002. до 2014. и, са друге стране, од 1990. до 2008. године. In this doctoral thesis, the relationship between economic growth and changes in subjective well-being of populations in economically developed countries is examined. More specifically, the Easterlin paradox has been reassessed, i.e. the view that economic growth and changes of subjective well-being of populations are not related in the long term. Analysis includes fourteen developed European countries within periods 2000-2014 on the one hand, and 1990 to 2008 on the other.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se stekne uvid u profesionalnu integraciju i vertikalnu pokretljivost žena zaposlenih u Upravi policije za grad Beograd, kao osnovnim karakteristikama njihovog profesionalnog položaja. Integracija podrazumeva zastupljenost žena u svim sektorima i na svim nivoima policijskih službi, i mogućnost pristupa različitim resursima od značaja za profesiju. Vertikalna pokretljivost je specifičan aspekt integracije koji pokazuje koliko je za žene otvoren pristup položajima na kojima se donose odluke i upravlja resursima. U istraživanju smo analizirali problem na društvenom, organizacionom i individualnom nivou. Na društvenom nivou žene su u podređenom položaju u odnosu na muškarce jer je srpsko društvo patrijarhalno. Na organizacionoj ravni žene su, pod pritiskom efekta staklenog plafona, profesionalne marginalizacije i segregacije, manje zastupljene u operativnim policijskim poslovima i na rukovodećim položajima. Na nivou svakodnevnice, žene su dvostruko opterećene poslom i porodicom, a simultano ispunjavanje profesionalnih i porodičnih obaveza umanjuje njihove mogućnosti da se potpuno posvete policijskoj karijeri... The aim of this study was to gain insight into the professional integration and vertical mobility of women employed in the Belgrade City Police, as well as basic characteristics of their professional status. Integration involves the representation of women in all sectors and at all levels of police services, and access to various resources of importance to the profession. Vertical mobility is a specific aspect of integration that shows access for women to positions of decision-making and resources. In the study, we analyzed the problem on the social, organizational and individual level. At the social level, women are at a disadvantage compared to men because the Serbian society is patriarchal. At the organizational level, women are under pressure of effect of glass ceiling, professional marginalization and segregation, and their are less represented in operational police work and management positions. At the level of everyday life, women are doubly burdened with work and family, a simultaneous fulfillment of professional and family obligations which diminishes their ability to fully commit to a police career...

U ovom radu ćemo pokušati da razmotrimo kritički potencijal sociologije Ervinga Gofmana. Polazna hipoteza će biti da Gofmanovo shavatanje zdravog razuma koje je ponudio u Analizi okvira otvara mogućnost za formulaciju kritičkog uvida u strukturalne datosti svakodnevne društvene prakse. Pokušaćemo takođe da pokažemo da je ovakvo Gofmanovo razumevanje zdravog razuma bilo pod jakim uticajem pragmatizma i fenomenologije, te da su često zanemarene epistemološke razlike između ova dva teorijska pravca ostavile posledice i na gofmanovsku sociologiju. Naime, u Analizi okvira možemo uvek iznova da iščitamo svojevrsnu teorijsku napetost između pragmatičkog insistiranja na autonomnom teorijskom značaju zdravog razuma i redukcionističkih nastojanja koje su fenomenolozi gajili spram ove forme mišljenja. Shodno tome, tvrdićemo da je upravo ova ambivalencija po pitanju uloge zdravog razuma u tumačenju društvene stvarnosti predstavlja glavni razlog što kritički potencijal Gofmanove sociologije ostaje u velikoj meri implicitan po svom karakteru. In this paper, I will try to appraise the critique potential of Erving Goffman’s sociology. The starting hypothesis will be that Goffman’s understanding of common sense offered in Frame Analysis opens the possibility of attaining a critical insight into the structural givens of everyday practice. I will also try to show that Goffman’s understanding of common sense was under heavy influence of pragmatism and phenomenology - and that the often-overseen epistemological differences between these two schools of thought had significant consequences on his sociology. Namely, in the Frame Analysis we can easily find a certain tension between insistence on the autonomous theoretical importance of common sense put forward by the pragmatist and reductionist tendencies towards this type of thought found among the phenomenologists. Therefore, I will argue that this ambivalence regarding the role of common sense in interpreting social realty is the main reason why critique potential of Goffman’s sociology remains implicit in its character.

U ovom radu ćemo pokušati da razmotrimo kritički potencijal sociologije Ervinga Gofmana. Polazna hipoteza će biti da Gofmanovo shavatanje zdravog razuma koje je ponudio u Analizi okvira otvara mogućnost za formulaciju kritičkog uvida u strukturalne datosti svakodnevne društvene prakse. Pokušaćemo takođe da pokažemo da je ovakvo Gofmanovo razumevanje zdravog razuma bilo pod jakim uticajem pragmatizma i fenomenologije, te da su često zanemarene epistemološke razlike između ova dva teorijska pravca ostavile posledice i na gofmanovsku sociologiju. Naime, u Analizi okvira možemo uvek iznova da iščitamo svojevrsnu teorijsku napetost između pragmatičkog insistiranja na autonomnom teorijskom značaju zdravog razuma i redukcionističkih nastojanja koje su fenomenolozi gajili spram ove forme mišljenja. Shodno tome, tvrdićemo da je upravo ova ambivalencija po pitanju uloge zdravog razuma u tumačenju društvene stvarnosti predstavlja glavni razlog što kritički potencijal Gofmanove sociologije ostaje u velikoj meri implicitan po svom karakteru. In this paper, I will try to appraise the critique potential of Erving Goffman’s sociology. The starting hypothesis will be that Goffman’s understanding of common sense offered in Frame Analysis opens the possibility of attaining a critical insight into the structural givens of everyday practice. I will also try to show that Goffman’s understanding of common sense was under heavy influence of pragmatism and phenomenology - and that the often-overseen epistemological differences between these two schools of thought had significant consequences on his sociology. Namely, in the Frame Analysis we can easily find a certain tension between insistence on the autonomous theoretical importance of common sense put forward by the pragmatist and reductionist tendencies towards this type of thought found among the phenomenologists. Therefore, I will argue that this ambivalence regarding the role of common sense in interpreting social realty is the main reason why critique potential of Goffman’s sociology remains implicit in its character.

Интензивна пољопривредна производња представаља један од најагресивнијих утицаја човека на природу чије последице дугорочно угрожавају животну средину у руралним областима. У овом раду истраживали смо колико телевизијски садржаји намењени руралној популацији, а посебно пољопривредним произвођачима, представљају извор образовања које се односи на заштиту животне средине и могу ли да утичу на промену њиховог понашања и прихватање позитивних еколошких ставова. Истраживање је спроведено у два смера. Први се односио на анкетно истраживања еколошке свести и еколошких пракси пољопривредника у руралним областима Србије. Овај део истраживања спроведен је на случајном узорку од 314 становника у 157 сеоских насеља која су лоцирана у 110 општина на целокупној територији Републике Србије. Постојећи ниво свести мерен је преко еколошких ставова, пракси и понашања као и утврђивањем њихове зависности од социо демографских фактора. Други део истраживања је утврђивање присутности еколошких и едукативних садржаја у програмима који су намењени становницима руралних подручја као и њихових карактеристика у односу друге врсте садржаја. Анализа је обухватила четири телевизије које имају националну фреквенцију од којих су две јавне и две комерцијалне, а за анализу су одабрани специјални програми намењени пољопривредним произвођачима.Резултати показују да рурална популација издваја телевизију као најважнији извор информисања о загађењима животне средине која потичу из пољопривредне производње али да концепт и садржај најважнијих емисија намењен пољопривредним произвођачима на телевизијама са националном фреквенцом нису прилагођени циљу развоја еколошке свести руралне популације Intensive farming presents one of the most aggressive human impacts on nature, and its long-term consequences threaten the rural areas where agriculture is most intensive. Changing the behavior and attitudes of agricultural producers towards the environment is one of the steps necessary to address this problem. That task, however, is a challenge for the whole society and its agricultural, educational and media policy. In this study, we investigated how much TV content intended for the rural population, especially agricultural producers, presents a source of education relating to the protection of the environment and how much it can affect changes in their behavior and contribute to the acceptance of positive environmental attitudes. The survey was conducted in two directions. The first related to survey research of ecological awareness and environmental practices of agricultural producers in the rural areas of Serbia. This research was conducted within a random sample of 314 residents in 157 rural settlements, which are located in 110 municipalities in the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia. The current level of awareness was measured through environmental attitudes, practices and behaviors, establishing their dependence on the social and demographic factors. The second part of the research is the analysis and detection of environmental and educational content in programs that are intended for residents of rural areas and their impact on the formation of environmental awareness. The analysis included four televisions with national frequency, two of which are public and two commercial, and for the analyze, special programs dedicated to agricultural producers were selected. The results show that rural populations stands television as the most important source of information on environmental pollution originating from agricultural production but the concept and content of the most important producer of agricultural emissions designed to televisions with national frequency are not adjusted to the objective of developing the environmental awareness of rural population

Predmet doktorske disertacije predstavlja komparativna analiza promene dominantnih vrednosnih orijentacija u društvima Srbije i Hrvatske, tokom perioda post-socijalističke transformacije. Početnu tačku predstavlja socijalistički sistem društvenih odnosa, to jest 1989. godina, dok je krajnja tačka određena konsolidacijom kapitalističkog sistema, odnosno 2003. godinom. Pored komparativne analize empirijske građe, koja je prikupljena putem anketnih istraživanja u okviru dva istraživačka projekta – Promene u klasnoj strukturi i pokretljivosti u SFRJ (1989) i South-Eastern European Social Survey Project (2003) – nastojali smo da dugotrajno opstajanje pojedinih vrednosnih obrazaca, odnosno slabiju ukorenjenost drugih, sagledamo ne samo iz perspektive aktuelnih društvenih procesa, već i s obzirom na širu istorijsko-razvojnu dinamiku dva društva. Rad je podeljen na dve velike analitičke celine: jedna koja se bavi istorijskim procesima dugog trajanja, uz nastojanje da se otkrivanjem sličnosti i specifičnosti u razvojnim putanjama društava Srbije i Hrvatske, objasne eventualne razlike u stepenu rasprostranjenosti proučavanih vrednosnih orijentacija; druga celina je empirijska i odnosi se na analizu promena u stepenu rasprostranjenosti pet odabranih vrednosnih dimenzija – autoritarnosti, patrijarhalnosti, nacionalizma, političkog i ekonomskog liberalizma – tokom perioda transformacije. Odabrane vrednosne dimenzije su podeljene u dve grupe: 1. trans-istorijske vrednosti (autoritarnost, patrijarhalnost i nacionalizam) i 2. sistemske vrednosti (politički i ekonomski liberalizam). Shodno ovoj podeli, testirane su dve hipoteze: 1. da je dugotrajni opstanak trans-istorijskih vrednosti u društvima Srbije i Hrvatske posledica zakasnele kapitalističke modernizacije na periferijskim osnovama, te da je njihova reprodukcija bila moguća u različitim sistemskim okvirima; i 2. da su isti procesi zakasnele kapitalističke modernizacije – tokom 19. i početkom 20. veka - onemogućili snažnije ukorenjivanje političkog i ekonomskog liberalizma u dva društva, odnosno da se snažnija rasprostranjenost ovih vrednosti može očekivati tek sa konsolidacijom kapitalističkog poretka. Razradom prve hipoteze nastojali smo da ispitamo da li trans-istorijske vrednosti – autoritarnost, nacionalizam i patrijarhalnost – čine jedinstven tradicionalistički sindrom, koji je ukorenjen u istorijskoj prošlosti dva društva, te je stoga teže podložan promenama, dok je, razradom druge hipoteze o sistemskom karakteru političkog i ekonomskog liberalizma, uz oslanjanje na teoriju vrednosno-normativne disonance, testirano u kojoj meri postepena konsolidacija novog kapitalističkog tipa društvenog poretka vodi napuštanju starih, socijalističkih vrednosti. Rezultati analize su tek delimično potvrdili dve hipoteze: naime, iako gotovo nema sumnje da autoritarnost i patrijarhalna orijentacija predstavljaju deo jedinstvenog vrednosnog sindroma, utemeljenog u istorijskim procesima koji su oblikovali razvoj proučavanih društva tokom protekla dva veka, isto se ne može reći za nacionalističku orijentaciju, čija je vezanost za tradicionalistički sindrom tek posredna i oblikovana specifičnim društveno-istorijskim okolnostima (pre svega, instrumentalnom upotrebom ove ideološke matrice od strane vladajućih društvenih grupacija). S druge strane, rezultati analize su pokazali da postepena konsolidacija novog – kapitalističkog - tipa društvenog poretka i njegovog normativnog okvira ne vode nužno snažnijem ukorenjivanju odgovarajućih vrednosti – političkog i ekonomskog liberalizma: globalna kriza neoliberalnog oblika kapitalističke regulacije, kao i neuspeh sistema da zadovolji potrebe širih društvenih grupa, uslovili su, u situaciji nepostojanja alternativne ideološke paradigme, reinterpretaciju socijalističkih vrednosti i njihovo prilagođavanje promenjenim društvenim oklonostima. Poredbeni plan analize je ukazao na sličnosti u ispoljenim procesima između društava Hrvatske i Srbije, uz dve ograde: nešto brži tempo sistemskih promena i snažnija izloženost procesima kulturne i institucionalne univerzalizacije u Hrvatskoj, u odnosu na Srbiju, uslovio je značajniji otklon od tradicionalističkih vrednosti (patrijarhalnosti, pre svega), uz snažnije opstajanje nacionalizma u ovom društvu (koji, po svemu sudeći, dobija sistemske karakteristike); brža konsolidacija kapitalističkih odnosa u Hrvatskoj i ranije ispoljavanje posledica neoliberalnih oblika ekonomske regulacije, doveo je do snažnijeg odbacivanja ekonomskog liberalizma u ovom društvu, u odnosu na Srbiju. The main subject of this doctoral dissertation is to compare changes in dominant value orientations in post-socialist societies of Serbia and Croatia. The starting point of the analysis is the year 1989, i. e. socialist system of social relations, while the end point is set to the year 2003, representing the period of consolidation of capitalist system of social relations. Besides secondary comparative analysis of empirical data, obtained in two large survey projects – Changes in the Class Structure and Social Mobility in SFRY (1989) and South-Eastern European Social Survey Project (2003) - we intended to explain long-term survival of certain value patterns and weaker rootedness of others not only from the perspective of current social processes, but also with regard to a broader historical and developmental dynamics of examined societies. The dissertation is, therefore, divided into two larger analytical units: in the first one the focus is on long-duree historical processes, with an aim of examining the similarities and specificities in developmental paths of Serbian and Croatian societies, in order to explain eventual differences in the prevalence of examined value patterns; the second part of the dissertation is dedicated to empirical analysis of several value orientations – authoritarian, patriarchal, nationalist, and liberal (economic and political). The chosen value dimensions are being divided into two groups: 1. trans-historical values (comprising authoritarianism, patriarchalism and nationalism), and 2. systemic values (political and economic liberalism). Having in mind this classification, we have tested two major hypotheses: 1. that long-term survival of trans-historic values in two societies is the consequence of the late capitalist modernization on peripheral grounds (during late 19th and early 20th century); and 2. the same processes disabled stronger historical entrenchment of political and economic liberalism among wider social strata (thus, the stronger prevalence of those values is to be expected with further consolidation of capitalist system). By elaborating the first hypothesis, we wanted to examine whether trans-historical value orientations – authoritarianism, nationalism and patriarchalism – form unique traditionalist syndrome, that is deeply entrenched in historical processes that shaped two societies and therefore not susceptible to rapid changes; by developing the second hypothesis on systemic character of political and economic liberalism, relying thereby on the theory of normative-value dissonance, we wanted to test whether consolidation of the new, capitalist, social order, leads to stronger abandonment of the old, socialists values. The results of the analysis only partially confirmed two hypothesis: although there is no doubt that authoritarianism and patriarchalism represent two dimensions of unique traditionalist syndrome, grounded in long-duree historical processes, the same cannot be said for nationalism, which relation to the syndrome is not direct, but rather determined by specific socio-historic circumstances (above all, by instrumental use of this ideology by the members of the ruling classes). Results of the analysis, on the other hand, showed that gradual consolidation of the capitalist social order (and its normative and institutional framework) does not necessarely lead to stronger entrenchment of adequate values – political and economic liberalism: global crisis of neoliberal capitalist regulation, as well as inefficiency of the system in meeting the needs and interests of wider social groups, determined the revival and reinterpretation of old, socialist values and their adaptation to new social contexts. Comparative part of the analysis revealed that similar processes occurred in Serbian and Croatian societies, with two reservations: the stronger tempo of systemic transformation and exposure to cultural and institutional universalization in Croatia than in Serbia, led to firmer abandonment of traditionalist values (primarily, patriarchalism), alongside with stronger survival of nationalist values in this society (which, apparently, takes on systemic features); stronger consolidation of capitalist relations in Croatia and sooner meeting with the consequences that neoliberal capitalism brought about, led to stronger rejection of economic liberalism in this society.

Dragan Stanojević, Marija Babović and Dragana Gundogan widely describe actors, mechanisms and exchanged resources in clientelistic networks in Serbia. [https://secons.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/32-Neformalne-mreze-moci-politicka-patronaza-i-klijentelizam-u-Srbiji-i-na-Kosovu.pdf]

Predmet doktorske disertacije je razmatranje primera i mogućnosti primene metoda analize sadržaja u sociologiji. Osnovni cilj je sistematizovanje postojećih metodoloških saznanja o analizi sadržaja u sociologiji, kao i ukazivanje na najznačajnija istraživanja nastala primenom ovog postupka i njihove doprinose razvoju samog postupka i sociološkog istraživanja uopšte. Metodološkom analizom ovih istraživanja može se doći do načina za unapređivanje postupka o kojem je reč, i uopšte i u različitim oblastima njegove primene. Pod analizom sadržaja se podrazumeva sociološki istraživački postupak čijom se primenom teži izgradnji precizne, objektivne, pouzdane i sistematične iskustvene evidencije o društvenoj komunikaciji. Ovaj postupak predstavlja najpogodnije sredstvo za proučavanje različitih oblika društvene komunikacije, čije je analiziranje neophodno da bi se društvo moglo potpunije proučiti. Osnovni elementi društvene komunikacije su odašiljač poruke, sadržaj poruke i primalac poruke, a razlikuje se i više pratećih elemenata. Mogućnosti postupka uslovljene su načinom njegovog određenja pa se u disertaciji razmatraju najznačajnije definicije analize sadržaja, a osnovna nesaglasnost između različitih autora odnosi se na njen tradicionalno kvantitativan karakter. Usled toga se prikazuju različiti oblici analize sadržaja: kvantitativan, kvalitativan i mešoviti. Predmet razmatranja su i mogućnosti ostvarenja epistemoloških načela objektivnosti, validnosti, sistematičnosti, pouzdanosti, preciznosti i opštosti prilikom primene postupka. Prisutno je nastojanje da se odgovori na pitanje da li između kvantitativnog i kvalitativnog oblika postupka postoje značajne epistemološke razlike. Ispituje se i odnos analize sadržaja sa drugim sociološkim istraživačkim postupcima, tačnije sa posmatranjem, razgovorom i anketnim istraživanjima. Posmatra se i odnos analize sadržaja sa postupcima uzročne analize, odnosno sa uporednim metodom i multivarijantnom analizom. Potom se razmatra izvođenje analize sadržaja: izbor predmeta i ciljeva istraživanja, uzorka, jedinica analize, odnos jedinica analize i kategorija klasifikacije, pretestiranje, kodiranje i analiza. Deo rada je posvećen primerima primene analize sadržaja, a prethodi im prikaz oblasti u kojima je našla svoju najučestaliju upotrebu: obrazovanje, politika, kultura, umetnost i nauka. Imajući u vidu istorijski značaj i domete, metodološki se analiziraju istraživanja koja su realizovali Harold D. Lasswell i Paul F. Lazarsfeld sa saradnicima. Prikazuje se i uloga postupka u proučavanju ratne i poratne propagande u udžbenicima u jugoslovenskim zemljama, a i njena upotreba u istraživanju naučne uticajnosti. Posebna pažnja posvećuje se novim mogućnostima koje analizi sadržaja pružaju upotreba računara i interneta. U zaključku doktorske disertacije sumiraju se rezultati izvedene metodološke analize i ukazuje na mogućnosti pojačavanja primene analize sadržaja u sociologiji. The subject of this doctoral dissertation is to consider the examples and possibilities of application of content analysis method in sociology. The main aim is to systematize current methodological knowledge about content analysis in sociology, conjointly with the emphasis of the most important researches carried out by means of this method and their contribution to the development of the method itself and sociological research in general. A mechanism to enhance the method in question and possibilities of its application in various fields can be found by methodological analysis of these researches. Content analysis is understood as a sociological research method which, when applied, aims to create more precise, objective, reliable and systematic empirical evidence about social communication. This method is perceived as the most appropriate means for studying various forms of social communication, the analysis which is crucial for a thorough study of society. The main elements of social communication are message transmitter, message content and message receiver along with other conjoint elements. Possibilities of this method are conditioned by means of its definition, thus this doctoral dissertation analyzes the most important definitions of content analysis while the main disagreement among different authors refers to its traditionally quantitative character. Due to the previously mentioned, various forms of content analysis are displayed: quantitative, qualitative and mixed. The subject of the study are also the possibilities of achieving epistemological principles of objectivity, validity, systematicity, reliability, precision and generality when applying the method. It is endeavored to answer the question wheter there are significant epistemological differences between the qualitative and quantitative form of the method. The relation between content analysis and other sociological research methods is studied – more precisely: the relation between content analysis and observation, interview and survey. This doctoral dissertation studies the relation between content analysis and methods of causal analysis i.e. comparative method and multivariate analysis. Performance of content’s analysis is afterwards considered: the choice of subject and aims of the research, sample, units of analysis, the relation between units of analysis and classification categories, pretesting, coding and analysis. One part of the dissertation is dedicated to the examples of content analysis application. The examples are preceded by display of fields where it was mostly applied: education, politics, culture, arts and science. Due to the historical importance and ranges of the researches done by Harold D. Lasswell and Paul F. Lazarsfeld with associates, these researches are methodologically analysed. The work also displays the role of the method in studying war and after-war propaganda found in the textbooks in Yugoslav countries, as well as its application in research of scientific influence. Special attention is drawn to the new possibilities of content analysis created by usage of computers and the Internet. In conclusion of this doctoral dissertation the results of implemented methodological analysis are summarized and possibilities of further application of the content analysis in sociology is emphasized.

Одрживо коришћење природних ресурса уопште, па тако и риболовног ресурса, захтева добро и на научним принципима засновано познавање онога што се користи. Анализом социо-економских карактеристика привредних рибара, техника које примењују, последица риболовних активности на укупан рибљи фонд, тржишта на које пласирају улов, степена хармонизованости и конзистентности законодавства из ове области, као и утицаја хидролошких и климатских фактора на риболовну делатност, могуће је стећи увид у тренутно стање, као и у очекиване трендове у овој области. Мултидисциплинарно сагледавање проблема и потенцијалних решења је неопходно у циљу успоставања одрживог управљања и комерцијалног коришћења риболовног ресурса на Дунаву према највишим еколошким стандардима и принципима одрживог развоја. Циљ је истражити односе између значајних елемената који указују на стање ресурса и/или утичу на њега, а то су: врсте риба, станишта, социо-економски и политички фактори. Општи циљ дисертације је сагледавање карактеристика и валоризација привредног риболова на Дунаву на основу три кључна аспекта одрживог развоја, а који истовремено чине и основу одрживог коришћења природних ресурса: социолошког, економског и биолошког. Биолошки аспект ових истраживања се у највећој мери односи на еколошке проблеме, с обзиром да се ради о специфичном природном ресурсу на који утиче не само риболовна експлоатација његовог економски значајног дела, већ и вишенаменско коришћење водених ресурса и екосистема уопште. Све мање заступљеним традиционалним екстензивним риболовом, а порастом осталих антропогених утицаја на слатководне екосистеме и увећаним утицајем криволова, дошло је до прелова и пада бројности појединих аутохтоних популација риба, као и све веће заступљености алохотних врста. Познавање риболовног притиска на основу броја риболоваца, њиховог риболовног напора и количине улова, основни је предуслов за успешно управљање рибљим фондом као природним ресурсом, што се у рибарствено уређеним срединама остварује путем редовног вођења статистике... Sustainable use of natural resources in general and thus fishing resources requires application of good scientific principles, based on the sound knowledge of what is used. In order to gain insight into the current status and the expected trends in this area, it is necessary to conduct the analysis of the socio-economic characteristics of commercial fishermen, techniques they apply, impacts of fishery on the overall fish stocks, markets where fishermen distribute their catch, level of harmonization and consistency of legislation in this area, as well as of the impact of hydrological and climatic factors on fishery. It is critical to employ multidisciplinary approach to assess problems and potential solutions regarding sustainable and commercial utilization of fishery resources in the Danube, in accordance with the highest ecological standards and principles of sustainable development. The overall objective of the dissertation was to explore the relationships between important elements that indicate the state of the resource, such as fish species, habitats, socio-economic and political factors. The aim was to assess characteristics and the economic value of the commercial fishery on the Danube, based on the three key aspects of the sustainable use of natural resources - social, economic and biological. The biological significance of the research is mostly related to environmental problems, given that this is a specific natural resource whose exploitation affects not only the fish stocks, but also water resources and ecosystems in general. As a result of intensified fishery pressure, increased presence of illegal fishery, as well as other human impacts on freshwater ecosystems, there are indices of overfishing and of the decline of some native fish populations, followed by an increasing presence of alochthonous species. Knowledge about the present and historic fishery pressures based on the number of fishermen, their fishing effort and catch quantities, is a prerequisite for the efficient management of fishery resources, which is commonly realized by keeping regular management statistics. Fish catch records in Serbia are maintained since 1948, while the data on exact species composition was introduced in 1951. By 2005, the data on annual catches have fluctuated around a mean value of 860 tons...

The interest for scientifi c exploration of informal economy appeared in the 70s of the 20th century and it has not decreased yet. The fl exible relations on the labor market have an increasing importance and they facilitate the rise of unregulated labor market. In the circumstances of the recession and widespread social changes, the rate of informal practices has increased. This paper is dealing with the role of informal economy for class positioning of different social classes in the last two decades. Firstly, it will be investigated social-economic standing of individuals who are engaged in the informal economy. Secondly, it will be presented what types of activities have dominated on the informal market, as well as motives for participating in the grey economy among members of different social groups. In this analysis, the results from the survey organized in 2000 and 2012 will be used. These surveys are held by the Institute for sociological research, Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade. Interesovanje za naučna istraživanja neformalne ekonomije javilo se 70-ih godina 20. veka i još uvek se nije smanjilo. Fleksibilni odnosi na tržištu rada imaju sve veći značaj i oni olakšavaju porast neregulisanog tržišta rada. U okolnostima recesije i široko rasprostranjenih društvenih promena, stopa neformalnog praksa se povećala. Ovaj rad se bavi ulogom neformalne ekonomije za klasu pozicioniranje različitih društvenih klasa u poslednje dve decenije. Prvo, hoće biti istražen socijalno-ekonomski položaj pojedinaca koji su angažovani u neformalnoj ekonomiji. Drugo, biće predstavljeno koje vrste aktivnosti su dominirale na neformalnom tržištu, kao i motivi za učešće u sivoj ekonomiji među pripadnicima različitih društvenih grupa. U ovoj analizi rezultati ankete organizovane 2000 a koristiće se 2012. Ove ankete sprovodi Institut za sociološka istraživanja, Filozofski fakultet, Beograd. Radovi su predstavljeni na naučnom skupu Stratifi kacijske promene u Srbiji, na osnovu rezultata empirijskog istraživanja koje je Institut za sociološka istraživanja izveo u okviru projekta Izazovi nove društvene integracije u Srbiji: koncepti i akteri

Cilj ove disertacije je bio da se istraži na koji način i u kojoj meri se savremene informaciono‐komunikacione tehnologije, a posebno Internet, integrišu u postojeći mrežni obrazac društvenosti i kakva je njihova društvena funkcija. Na teorijskom nivou, Internet smo analizirali kao tehnologiju za posredovanje interpersonalne komunikacije koja nastaje u krilu društva u specifičnom istorijskom trenutku kao proizvod radikalne faze modernizacije, odnosno globalne društvene transformacije koja se ubrzava u poslednjoj četvrtini dvadesetog veka. Jedno od važnih obeležja ove transformacije je to što se društveni odnosi sve više individualizuju kao posledica njihovog iskorenjivanja iz lokalizovanih konteksta društvene interakcije dok društvene mreže postaju centralna forma organizovanja društvenih interakcija u savremenom društvu. Ono što je za nas ključno je da komunikacione tehnologije, a posebno Internet igraju, veoma značajnu ulogu u procesu društvenog reukorenjivanja, pomažući da se odnosi koji su „izdignuti“ iz neposrednog konteksta interakcije reuspostave ili uspostave potpuno novi, bez obzira na prostorno vremenska ograničenja. Na analitičkom nivou, naše polazište je bilo da Internet igra značajnu ulogu u procesu društvenog umrežavanja individualizovanih pojedinaca i to kroz dve osnovne funkcije: transmisionu i prokreativnu. Transmisiona funkcija se odnosi na upotrebu Interneta u cilju održavanja postojećih offline odnosa, gde se Internet upotrebljava kao kanal za društvenu interakciju. Prokreativna funkcija se odnosi na održavanje i kreiranje novih, online odnosa, gde se Internet upotrebljava kao prostor za društvenu interakciju. Kroz širok analitički pristup u disertaciji se pokazuje kako se ove dve komunikacione funkcije Interneta razlikuju i okupiraju različite segmente interpersonalne interakcije u društvenim mrežama korisnika Interneta. Na empirijskom nivou, cilj je bio da verifikujemo teorijsko‐analitičke pretpostavke na srpskim korisnicima Interneta, zbog čega je sprovedeno kvantitativno istraživanje na uzorku od 1063 ispitanika i kvalitativno, kroz 15 dubinskih intervjua. Nalazi istraživanja podržali su hipoteze od kojih smo u ovoj studiji pošli tako da se može zaključiti da što su šire personalne mreže korisnika Interneta to oni više koriste Internet za održavanje odnosa u tim mrežama i da se Internet uspostavlja kao najvažniji medij za održavanje slabih ili geografski udaljenih veza. Pored toga, nedvosmisleno je utvrđeno da upotreba Interneta za uspostavljanje novih društvenih odnosa nije u vezi sa smanjenom društvenošću korisnika Interneta, kao i da Internet može biti u funkciji kreiranja društvenog kapitala. The aim of this dissertation was to explore the manner and the extent to which modern information‐communication technologies, specifically the Internet, have become integrated into the existing network‐based form of social behavior, as well as to determine their social function. On a theoretical level, we analyzed the Internet as a technology that mediates the interpersonal communication which sprang to life in the midst of society at a peculiar historical moment and as a result of a radical phase of modernization, or rather, a global social transformation gathering momentum in the last quarter of the twentieth century. A major characteristic of the transformation in question is the growing individualization of social relationships due to their disembedding out of the localized contexts of social interaction which coincides with social networks increasingly becoming a central form of organizing social interaction in modern society. What we find crucial is that communication technologies, especially the Internet, play a very important role in the process of social reembedding by enabling the relationships lifted out from the immediate context of interaction to be reestablished or by generating entirely new relationships regardless of spatial or temporal restrictions. On an analytical level, our premise was that the Internet proves highly instrumental in the process of organizing individualized persons into viable social networks, most obviously so in its two basic functions: transmissional and procreative. The transmissional function refers to the Internet’s contribution to maintaining existing offline relationships, with the Internet acting as a channel for social interaction. The procreative function relates to creating and maintaining new online relationships, with the Internet serving as the space for social interaction. Having adopted a wide analytical approach, the thesis highlights the differences between these two communicational functions occupying different segments of the interpersonal interaction in (Internet users’) social networks. On an empirical level, our goal was to verify the theoretical‐analytical hypotheses with Serbian Internet users. To this end, we conducted both a quantitative research, based on a sample of 1063 respondents, and a qualitative one, through 15 in‐depth interviews. The findings of the research have corroborated the starting hypotheses, allowing us to deduce that the wider the personal networks of Internet users become, the more they rely on the Internet to foster relationships in these networks as well as that the Internet is positioning itself as the key medium for supporting tenuous or geographically encumbered relationships. In addition, we have offered conclusive evidence that using the Internet for establishing new social relationships does not correlate with Internet users’ diminished sociability and that the Internet can help create social capital. Key words: the Internet, social networks, networking, social capital, interpersonal media, transmissional and procreative functions.