427 results on '"Crupi, Felice"'
Search Results
52. A new circuit topology for the realization of very low-noise wide-bandwidth transimpedance amplifier
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Ciofi, Carmine, Crupi, Felice, Pace, Calogero, Scandurra, Graziella, and Patane, Maurizio
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Amplifiers (Electronics) -- Design and construction ,Metal oxide semiconductors -- Design and construction ,Metal oxide semiconductors -- Acoustic properties - Published
- 2007
53. Performance and reliability of strained-silicon nMOSFETs with SiN cap layer
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Giusi, Gino, Crupi, Felice, Simoen, Eddy, Eneman, Geert, and Jurczak, Malgorzata
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Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors -- Design and construction ,Robust statistics -- Usage ,Semiconductor device ,Business ,Electronics ,Electronics and electrical industries - Abstract
The performance and reliability between polysilicon gate/SiON oxide nano metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (nMOSFETs) is compared with and without SiN cap layer. The robustness against hot carrier stress, bias-temperature instability and time to breakdown are seen between strained and unstrained-silicon devices, thereby confirming the advantages of strain technology.
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- 2007
54. Enhanced sensitivity cross-correlation method for voltage noise measurements
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Crupi, Felice, Giusi, Gino, Ciofi, Carmine, and Pace, Calogero
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Digital signal processor ,Electromagnetic noise -- Measurement ,Signal processing -- Methods - Published
- 2006
55. How to enlarge the bandwidth without increasing the noise in OP-AMP-based transimpedance amplifier
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Ciofi, Carmine, Scandurra, Graziella, Crupi, Felice, and Pace, Calogero
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Amplifiers (Electronics) -- Acoustic properties ,Spectrum analysis -- Usage - Published
- 2006
56. Comparative study of drain and gate low-frequency noise in nMOSFETs with hafnium-based gate dielectrics
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Giusi, Gino, Crupi, Felice, Pace, Calogero, Ciofi, Carmine, and Groeseneken, Guido
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Hafnium -- Electric properties ,Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors -- Design and construction ,Electromagnetic noise -- Analysis ,Business ,Electronics ,Electronics and electrical industries - Abstract
Complementary measurements of the drain and gate low-frequency noise are used as a powerful probe for sensing the hafnium-related defects in nMOSFETs with high-kappa gate stacks and polysilicon gate electrode. Drain noise measurements indicate that for low hafnium content (23%) and thin high-kappa thickness (2nm), the defect density at the substrate dielectric interface is similar to conventional SiO2 and gate-noise measurements suggest that defect density is degraded by the hafnium content.
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- 2006
57. Exploiting STT-MRAMs for Cryogenic Non-Volatile Cache Applications
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Garzon, Esteban, primary, De Rose, Raffaele, additional, Crupi, Felice, additional, Teman, Adam, additional, and Lanuzza, Marco, additional
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- 2021
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58. Micro-prober for wafer-level low-noise measurements in MOS devices
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Ciofi, Carmine, Crupi, Felice, Pace, Calogero, and scandurra, Graziella
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Semiconductor device ,Spectrum analysis -- Research ,Metal oxide semiconductors -- Research - Published
- 2003
59. Theory and experiment of suppressed shot noise in stress-induced leakage currents
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Iannaccone, Giuseppe, Crupi, Felice, Neri, Bruno, and Lombardo, Salvatore
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Metal oxide semiconductors -- Research ,Electric currents, Vagrant -- Research ,Semiconductor device ,Business ,Electronics ,Electronics and electrical industries - Abstract
Research involving an examination of shot noise in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors is described and discussed.
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- 2003
60. A new method for high-sensitivity noise measurements.
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Ciofi, Carmine, Crupi, Felice, and Pace, Calogero
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Spectrum analysis -- Research - Published
- 2002
61. Characterization of soft breakdown in thin oxide NMOSFETs based on the analysis of the substrate current
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Crupi, Felice, Iannaccone, Giuseppe, Crupi, Isodiana, Degraeve, Robin, Groeseneken, Guido, and Maes, Herman E.
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Breakdown (Electricity) -- Research ,Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors -- Research ,Metallic films -- Research ,Business ,Electronics ,Electronics and electrical industries - Abstract
A new study investigates the properties of transport mechanisms after soft breakdown in thin oxide nMOSFETs.
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- 2001
62. A 0.25-V, 5.3-pW Voltage Reference with 25-μV/°C Temperature Coefficient, 140-μV/V Line Sensitivity and 2,200-μm2 Area in 180nm
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Fassio, Luigi, primary, Lin, Longyang, additional, De Rose, Raffaele, additional, Lanuzza, Marco, additional, Crupi, Felice, additional, and Alioto, Massimo, additional
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- 2020
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63. Reliability Assessment of AlGaN/GaN Schottky Barrier Diodes Under ON-State Stress
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Acurio, Eliana, primary, Trojman, Lionel, additional, Crupi, Felice, additional, Moposita, Tatiana, additional, De Jaeger, Brice, additional, and Decoutere, Stefaan, additional
- Published
- 2020
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64. Impact of Scaling on Physical Unclonable Function Based on Spin–Orbit Torque
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Puliafito, Vito, primary, De Rose, Raffaele, additional, Crupi, Felice, additional, Chiappini, Stefano, additional, Finocchio, Giovanni, additional, Lanuzza, Marco, additional, and Carpentieri, Mario, additional
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- 2020
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65. The Role of the Interfaces in the 1/f Noise of MOSFETs with High-k Gate Stacks
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Crupi, Felice, primary, Magnone, Paolo, additional, Simoen, Eddy, additional, Pantisano, Luigi, additional, Giusi, Gino, additional, Pace, Calogero, additional, and Claeys, Cor, additional
- Published
- 2019
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66. Structural and Electrical Analysis of Thin Interface Control Layers of MgO or Al2O3 Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition and Incorporated at the High-k/III-V Interface of MO2/InxGa1-xAs (M = Hf|Zr, x = 0|0.53) Gate Stacks
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O'Mahony, Aileen, primary, Monaghan, Scott, additional, Chiodo, Rosario, additional, Povey, Ian, additional, Cherkaoui, Karim, additional, Nagle, Roger, additional, O'Connor, Eamon, additional, Long, Rathnait, additional, Djara, Vladimir, additional, O'Connell, Dan, additional, Crupi, Felice, additional, Pemble, Martyn, additional, and Hurley, Paul K., additional
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- 2019
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67. Hardening the security of modern operating systems against side-channel and rowhammer attacks
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Oliverio, Marco, Pugliese, Andrea, and Crupi, Felice
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Computer securty ,Operating systems - Abstract
Advancements in exploitation techniques call for the need of advanced defenses. Modern operating systems have to face new sophisticate attacks that do not rely on any programming mistake, rather they exploit leaking information from computational side effects (side-channel attacks) or hardware glitches (rowhammer attacks). Mitigating these new attacks poses new challanges and involves delicate trade-offs, balancing security on one side and performance, simplicity, and compatibility on the other. In this disseration we explore the attack surface exposed by page fusion, a memory saving optimization in modern operating systems and, after that, a secure page fusion implementation called VUsion is shown. We then propose a complete and compatible software solution to rowhammer attacks called ZebRAM. Lastly, we show OpenCAL, a free and general libray for the implementation of Cellular Automata, that can be used in several security scenarios. Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Comunications Technology Ciclo XXXI Università della Calabria
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- 2019
68. Analysis and development of physical and MAC Layer protocols in mobile ad Hoc networks involving directional antenna communications
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Inzillo, Vincenzo, Crupi, Felice, and De Rango, Floriano
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Ad hoc networks (Computer networks) ,MIMO systems - Abstract
Most recent Studies and Researches in IT (Information Technology) are bringing to an increasing development of Pervasive Communication Environments Systems such as MANET and Sensor Networks that assumed great importance, since 802.1X development IEEE Standards, due to their features based on nodes mobility and power consumption that lead to the rise of several protocols which implements different designs about routing algorithms and QoS (Quality of Service) specifications. Conventionally, these kinds of network environments are equipped in their physical layer with Isotropic and Omnidirectional Antennas Systems, that lead to a radiation pattern with a constant gain in all TX/RX directions so it results in a non-directive behavior of nodes. In this context there are lots drawbacks that heavily affect and reduce protocols efficiency and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) such as: communication reliability, latency, scalability, power and energy consumption. For example, using an isotropic antenna in nodes, without position knowing mechanism, bring to a notable waste of consumption energy due to the non-directive behavior because the same power is transmitted/received in all directions. To overlapping this drawback are developed in last years the so called Smart Antenna Systems that usually consists of several directive radiation elements implementing adaptive algorithms for the estimation of DOA (Direction of Arrival) and SOI (Signal Of interest); for this purpose are employed beamforming techniques that are largely used in Radar Communication Systems and Phased Array Systems. The resulted radiation pattern generates a beam that should be electronically controlled, and the main beam should be pointed towards the direction of interest in communication transmission/reception. The beam is generated according an adaptive algorithm (i.e. Least Mean Square) that models the weight vector as Smart Antenna input System. Beamforming techniques take lots advantages in medium access control, effectively, employing of SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) allows a great efficiency protocol growth. MANET performance can be enhanced if more efficient antenna systems such as Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems are employed; indeed, massive MIMO underlie the development of 5G Mobile Wireless Network environments. However, despite of their capability to improve network performance they introduce different kinds of issues especially in terms of energy consumption that should be addressed. The main purpose of this thesis is to limit most of the mentioned issues related to directional communications in MANET in order to improve the current state of art referring both to protocols and network performance. From a protocol point of view, important to highlight that the most of the overall contribution of the present work aims to address energy efficiency, deafness problem and finally, mobility issues occurring at physical and MAC (Medium Access Layer) layer. The reminder of the thesis is the following: Chapter 1: introduces main concepts about network communications using directional and omnidirectional antennas in MANET and their common related issues. Chapter 2: gives basics and fundamentals theoretical notions about Smart Antenna Systems (SAS) and Massive MIMO with particular emphasis to beamforming algorithms. Chapter 3: essentially, this chapter is divided into two parts. The first one, illustrates basic features of the main instrument used for experimental analysis that is the Omnet++ network simulator. The second part exposes the most significant works produced to extend the default Omnet++ framework for enabling simulation scenarios supporting SAS and massivo MIMO systems. Chapter 4: provides a detailed discussion about deafness problem in MANET directional communications and subsequently illustrates the most significant proposals in this field with a special focus on designed Round-Robin based approaches. Chapter 5: describes main issues related to mobility and energy consumption of nodes in directional MANET with particular attention to handoff problem. Nevertheless, it illustrates novel proposed strategies aiming to mitigate energy consumption in very high gain beamforming communications employing SAS and massive MIMO systems. All of the above chapters are organized in a similar way. More specifically, each chapter consists of three main parts: Background: gives a briefly theoretical explanation of the most important concepts mentioned in the chapter. State of art: illustrates the most significant works related to topics encountered in the chapter. Personal contribution: highlights the main contribution achieved (by author of this thesis) allowing to improve the current state of art related to a particular topic. Dottorato in Information and Communication Technologies, Ciclo XXXI Università della Calabria
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- 2019
69. Dual mode logic-based design of variable-precision arithmetic circuits
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Romero Riera, Paul Patricio, Crupi, Felice, and Lanuzza, Marco
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Multipliers ,Digital electronics - Abstract
The ever growing technological progress has an unquestionable impact on our society and, with the recent emergence of innovative technological paradigms, such as Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), 5G, Edge Computing, etc, it is expected that it will take a more and more dominant role in the coming decades. Obviously, the full development of all these new technologies requires the design of specialized hardware to faithfully and efficiently implement specific applications and services. In this sense, the demand of electronic circuits and systems with small area, flexible processing capability, high performance, and low energy consumption, has recently become one of the major concerns in different research areas, such as computing, communications, automation, etc. In this context, this thesis work entitled "DUAL MODE LOGIC-BASED DESIGN OF VARIABLE-PRECISION ARITHMETIC CIRCUITS" aims to provide a contribution in the research of new design solutions for energy-efficient computing platforms, while also keeping high performance. In this regard, several strategies can be explored at different design abstraction levels, from system-level down to device-level. Among these, the design of variable-precision arithmetic circuits is a well-known approach to achieve more energy-efficient computing platforms when dealing with lossy multimedia applications (e.g., audio/video/image processing) where a reduction of the operation precision can be typically tolerated under the acceptable accuracy loss. At the same time, other solutions can be implemented at both circuit- and logic-level. In this regard, a new logic 8 family, namely Dual Mode Logic (DML), has recently emerged as an alternative design methodology to the existing digital design techniques. It was originally proposed as a combination of CMOS static and dynamic logics to allow on-the-fly controllable switching at the gate level between static and dynamic operation modes according to system requirements, input-driven control, and/or by designer considerations. Such modularity typically offers greater performance/energy trade-off flexibility in the design and optimization of digital circuits, especially for applications with a flexible workload, such as in multi-precision arithmetic circuits. In this thesis work, the benefits of the DML design approach with respect to the standard CMOS style are first highlighted on a flexible circuit benchmarck, consisting of 10 levels of 11-stage NAND/NOR chains. In this case, the DML implementation takes advantage of its capability that allows operating in a combined (mixed) mode, i.e. working at the same time partly statically and partly dynamically, thus leading to fully exploit the benefits of the two DML operation modes for better energy-performance trade-offs. Then, the flexibility inherently offered by the DML is exploited to design a double-precision (8×8-bit or 16×16-bit) carry-save adder (CSA)-based array multiplier with the aim of demonstrating the potential in combining the two aforementioned design solutions (i.e., multi-precision computing and DML methodology) in the design and optimization of arithmetic circuits. As a matter of fact, the DML dual operation ability is potentially very attractive to efficiently trade performance and energy consumption between the operations at different precisions in on-demand multi-precision digital circuits. This occurs in the proposed DML multiplier working in a mixed operation mode, i.e., by employing the DML static and dynamic mode for lower- and higher-precision operations, respectively. On one hand, the use 9 of the dynamic mode for higher-precision operations ensures higher performance as compared to its standard static CMOS counterpart (16% gain on average) at the cost of higher energy consumption. On the other hand, such energy penalty is counterbalanced at lower-precision operations for which the static mode is enabled in the DML circuit. Overall, the adoption of the mixed operation mode in the proposed DML multiplier proves to be beneficial to achieve a better performance/energy trade-off with respect to the standard static CMOS implementation and to the cases when using the DML static or dynamic mode for both operations at the two different precisions. When compared to its CMOS counterpart, the proposed DML design operating in the mixed mode exhibits an average improvement of 15% in terms of energy-delay product (EDP) under wide-range supply voltage scaling. Such benefit is maintained over process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations. Dottorato in Information and Communication Technologies, Ciclo XXXI Università della Calabria
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- 2019
70. Analisi della socialità multi-livello nelle reti opportunistiche per la propagazione dei messaggi
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Caputo, Antonio, Crupi, Felice, Marano, Salvatore, and De Rango, Floriano
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Reti sociali - Abstract
Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Communication Technologies, Ciclo XXX Università della Calabria
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- 2019
71. Random telegraph signal in CMOS single photon avalanche diodes
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Fiore, Daniela, Critelli, Salvatore, Pace, Calogero, Crupi, Felice, Di Capua, Francesco, and Tomarchio, Elio Angelo
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Avalanche photodiodes ,Signal theory (telecomunication) - Abstract
This dissertation is focused on single photon devices that have triggered a real revolution in the world of imaging, the Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs). These devices acquired immediately a great interest in the field of single photon imaging, since they showed great performances in several fields, such as quantum mechanics, optical fibres, fluorescent decays and luminescence in physics, chemistry, biology, medical imaging, etc. These applications require single photon detectors able to assure high performances in photon counting, such as high photon detection efficiency, high speed and extremely low noise detection. The interest on SPAD became wider as they have been implemented in Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, reaching the integration of quenching and post-processing circuits on the pixel itself. The high timing and spatial resolution, the low power performance, the easy integration of circuits made CMOS SPADs the best choice in the field of single photon detectors. The ability to detect individual photons with very high timing resolution, at the order of few tens of picoseconds, and with an internal gain of 106 allowed to reduce the complexity in amplification circuit. However, SPAD performance is also influenced by Dark Count Rate (DCR), i.e. no-photon induced count rate, and by Random Telegraph Signal (RTS) occurrence, i.e. DCR discrete fluctuations. DCRs are mainly due to defects introduced in the semiconductor lattice and in the oxide during the fabrication process. In addition, radiation environment can induce new defects in the silicon structure, knows as radiation-induced defects. These defects or cluster of defects create new energy levels in the bandgap and cause the generation of carriers in depletion regions through thermal processes (Shockley Read-Hall, SRH, processes) and tunneling processes. This results in the increase of the mean dark current and in RTS. An increased occurrence of RTS effects degrades the performances of the devices, since the randomisation of this signal makes impossible to calibrate correctly the device. Therefore, it is important to investigate RTS behaviour and recognize the defects involved in this mechanism. The identification of defects responsible for RTS and the understanding of its evolution could be very useful to limit the effects on the devices operating in radiation environment. The thesis is structured in four chapters. The first chapter introduces the semiconductor-based photodetectors, the evolution of these devices until to CMOS Single-Photon Counting Detectors (SPADs). SPADs are described in detail, by explaining the working principle and the associated electronic circuits. SPAD performances are also discussed, taking into consideration the crosstalk and afterpulse. The second chapter explains the mechanisms responsible for DCR increase and RTS occurrence, focusing on generated electron-hole pairs due to thermal trap-assisted transition or to trap-assisted tunnelling (TAT) and band-to-band tunnelling (BTBT) at high electric field. RTS phenomenon is described and several theoretical models to explain its origin are presented in this chapter. The third chapter describes SPADs device investigated in the experimental analysis, focusing on two different layouts implemented in the test-chip: P+/Nwell and Pwell/Niso layout. The experimental setup and SPAD characterization before irradiation is reported. The fourth chapter describes the proton irradiation test and presents the experimental RTS data and the evolution in frequency and time domain. The chapter reports also the experimental results obtained by RTS investigation on two different SPAD layouts. The results allowed to hypothesize an explanation involved in RTS phenomenon. Ph.D. Course Science and Engineering of the Environment, the Structures and the Energy. Ciclo XXI Università della Calabria
- Published
- 2019
72. SiGe BicMOS Building Blocks for 5G Applications
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Calzona, Domenico, Crupi, Felice, Boccia, Luigi, and Arnieri, Emilio
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Integrated circuits ,Metal oxide semiconductors - Abstract
SiGe BiCMOS semiconductor technology has been increasing its application domain especially for the development of complex microwave monolithically integrated circuits (MMIC) required for modern telecommunication systems. This thesis presents a set of building blocks developed in different SiGe BiCMOS technologies for reconfigurable antenna applications. The developed blocks are oriented to the implementation of electronically scanned phased arrays or of switched beam antenna systems. The red thread that links the different topics is the next generation mobile communication systems, namely 5G systems. However, 5G networks instead of providing specific requirements for each block are employed as an application context that is adopted to provide a real employment scenario for each device proposed in this work. The thesis is organized as follows. In the first chapter, an overview about development opportunities of 5G technology is illustrated. In the second chapter, a brief introduction in the world of MMIC and SiGe technology has been provided. In the third chapter, beam-forming networks are dealt introducing the design of an 8x8 Butler matrix and a Wilkinson combiner/divider in SiGe BiCMOS technology. In the fourth chapter, a quarter wavelength resonant filter phase shifter is presented. An innovative technique to realize a phase shifter using the peculiarity of the pass-band filters. In the fifth chapter, it is presented a study on metamaterial structures based on Split Ring Resonators integrated with on-chip Coplanar Wave guides. In the last chapter, a FDD technique is illustrated along with the design of a Duplexer in K/Ka-band with High/Low pass filter. Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Communication Technologies, Ciclo XXX Università della Calabria
- Published
- 2019
73. Integration of nanophotonic devices on silicon
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Di Meo, Valentina, Crupi, Felice, Cocorullo, Giuseppe, Rendina, Ivo, and Esposito, Emanuela
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Silicon ,Photonics - Abstract
The purpose of this thesis research project has been the integration of photonic nanostructures on silicon substrate. In particular, three different devices have been developed, whose application fields fall within the main research topics of silicon photonics. Indeed, a plasmonic biochemical sensor, an all-dielectric metamaterial for all-optical switching applications and a 1D photonic crystal as an interconnecting device have been successfully integrated on silicon substrate. All of the proposed devices could lead to noticeable advances in silicon photonics, thanks to their potentiality for the development of integrated silicon-based nanodevices. Dottorato in Information and Communication Technologies, Ciclo XXXI University of Calabria
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- 2019
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74. User behavioral problems in complex social networks
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Perna, Diego, Tagarelli, Andrea, and Crupi, Felice
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Machine learning ,Data mining - Abstract
Over the past two decades, we witnessed the advent and the rapid growth of numerous social networking platforms. Their pervasive diffusion dramatically changed the way we communicate and socialize with each other. They introduce new paradigms and impose new constraints within their scope. On the other hand, online social networks (OSNs) provide scientists an unprecedented opportunity to observe, in a controlled way, human behaviors. The goal of the research project described in this thesis is to design and develop tools in the context of network science and machine learning, to analyze, characterize and ultimately describe user behaviors in OSNs. After a brief review of network-science centrality measures and ranking algorithms, we examine the role of trust in OSNs, by proposing a new inference method for controversial situations. Afterward, we delve into social boundary spanning theory and define a ranking algorithm to rank and consequently identify users characterized by alternate behavior across OSNs. The second part of this thesis deals with machine-learning-based approaches to solve problems of learning a ranking function to identify lurkers and bots in OSNs. In the last part of this thesis, we discuss methods and techniques on how to learn a new representational space of entities in a multilayer social network. Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Computation Technologies, Ciclo XXXI Università della Calabria
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- 2019
- Full Text
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75. Reliability of GaN-based devices for Energy Efficient Power Applications
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Acurio Méndez, Eliana Maribel, Crupi, Felice, and Trojman, Lionel
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Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Gallium nitride ,Digital electronics - Abstract
The wide spectrum of power electronics applications, including their role in renewable energy conversion and energy saving, require the innovation from conventional Silicon (Si) technology into new materials and architectures that allow the fabrication of increasingly lightweight, compact, efficient and reliable devices. However, the trade-off between long lifetime, high performance and low cost in the emerging technologies represents a huge limitation that has gained the attention of different research groups in the last years. Gallium Nitride (GaN) is a wide-bandgap semiconductor (WBGS) that constitutes an excellent candidate for high-power and high-frequency applications due to its remarkable features such as high operating temperature, high dielectric strength, high current density, high switching speed, and low on-resistance. Compared with its Silicon counterpart, GaN is superior in terms of high breakdown field ( 3 MV/cm), exceptional carrier mobility, and power dissipation. By taking into account other WBG materials such as SiC, GaN grown on Si substrates promises similar performance but at a much lower cost in the low to mid power and high-frequency range. Since GaN allows size and weight device reduction due to a better relationship between on-resistance and breakdown voltage, it is suitable for a variety of applications such as RF power amplifiers, power switching systems, sensors, detectors, etc. Especially, in the field of energy efficiency, GaN technology appears as a future successor of Si in power conversion circuits. However, some drawbacks related to technology cost, integration, and long-term reliability have to be overcome for its wide adoption in the power applications market. One of the worst inconveniences of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) is the normally-ON operation. Since a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel is formed at the AlGaN/GaN interface due to inherent material properties, a negative bias has to be applied at the gate to switch the device off. Among the proposed solutions to fabricate normally-OFF devices, the metaloxide/ insulator-semiconductor (MOS/MIS) structure with different insulators has shown remarkable improvements in gate leakage reduction and drain current increase. Also in AlGaN/GaN Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs), the introduction of a MOS structure to create a gated edge termination (GET) at the anode area has resulted in significant improvements in reverse diode leakage and forward diode voltage. Nevertheless, the improvement in the device performance by the introduction of a dielectric could seriously affect the device long-term reliability since additional degradation in this layer and at its interfaces with AlGaN or GaN occurs. In the case of conversion systems, power devices are continuously switched from an OFF-state condition at high drain bias to an ON-state condition at large drain current. Therefore, the reliability of GaN-based devices has to be proven for the complete ON/OFF operation. This dissertation focuses on providing a more comprehensive analysis of two main reliability issues related to the dielectric insertion under the gate/anode stacks by analyzing the use of different dielectric materials and device architectures. The first issue is the positive bias temperature instability (PBTI), which is related to the degradation of electrical parameters when high gate voltages and temperatures are applied and is especially observed during the ON-state operation of the transistor. By using MOS-HEMT structures with different gate dielectrics (SiO2, Al2O3, and AlN/Al2O3), the impact of the stress voltage, recovery voltage and temperature on the device reliability is analyzed including the role of oxide traps and the interface states to provide physical insights into this mechanism. The second phenomenon discussed in this thesis is the time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) observed on GET-SBDs during its OFF-operation. The percolation model and Weibull distribution are used to understand this degradation mechanism. As a result, it has been demonstrated that the time to breakdown tBD is influenced by the GET structure (single vs. double), the passivation thickness, the preclean process at the anode region before the GET dielectric deposition and the capping layer. Finally, by using 2D TCAD simulations, the long-term reliability improvement has been related to the reduction of the electric fie Dottorato in Tecnologie dell’informazione e della comunicazione, Ciclo XXXI University of Calabria
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- 2019
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76. Discovering the world city: from texts' analysis to 3D scenes visualization
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Bova, Valentina, Guarasci, Roberto, and Crupi, Felice
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Information extraction ,3D world city - Abstract
Dottorato di ricerca in Information and communication technologies, Ciclo XXXI, a.a. 2018-2019 Università della Calabria
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- 2019
- Full Text
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77. On the properties of the gate and substrate current after soft breakdown in ultrathin oxide layers
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Crupi, Felice, Degraeve, Robin, Groeseneken, Guido, Nigam, Tanya, and Maes, Herman E.
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Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors -- Research ,Metallic oxides -- Research ,Business ,Electronics ,Electronics and electrical industries - Abstract
The electric breakdown or B-mode stress-induced current (SILC) is of interest as a mode of breakdown in ultra thin oxide layers. It has recently been shown that after soft breakdown (SBD) now significant variations in threshold voltage and transcondunctance of metal-oxide-semiconductor FETs. The SBD phenomenon has been studied in capacitors and in nMOSFET's, and it is shown that a substrate current component is introduced by SBD, which is strongly linked to the gate current.
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- 1998
78. Anomalies in cyber security: detection, prevention and simulation approaches
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Argento, Luciano, Crupi, Felice, Furfaro, Angelo, and Angiulli, Fabrizio
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Computer security - Abstract
With themassive adoption of the Internet both our private andworking life has drastically changed. The Internet has introduced new ways to communicate and complete every day tasks. Organisations of any kind have taken their activities online to achieve many advantages, e.g. commercial organisations can reach more customers with proper marketing. However, the Internet has also brought various drawbacks and one of these concerns cyber security issues. Whenever an entity (e.g. a person or company) connects to the Internet it immediately becomes a potential target of cyber threats, i.e. malicious activities that take place in cyberspace. Examples of cyber threats are theft of intellectual property and denial of service attacks. Many efforts have been spent to make the Internet perhaps the most revolutionary communication tool ever created, but unfortunately little has been done to design it in a secure fashion. Since the massive adoption of the Internet we have witnessed a huge number of threats, perpetrated by many different actors such as criminal organisations, disgruntled workers and even people with little expertise, thanks to the existence of attack toolkits. On top of that, cyber threats are constantly going through a steady evolution process and, as a consequence, they are getting more and more sophisticated. Nowadays, the cyber security landscape is in a critical condition. It is of utmost importance to keep up with the evolution of cyber threats in order to improve the state of cyber security. We need to adapt existing security solutions to the ever-changing security landscape and devise new ones when needed. The research activities presented in this thesis find their place in this complex scenario. We investigated significant cyber security problems, related to data analysis and anomaly detection, in different areas of research, which are: Hybrid Anomaly Detection Systems; Intrusion Detection Systems; Access Control Systems and Internet of Things. Anomaly detection approaches are very relevant in the field of cyber security. Fraud and intrusion detection arewell-known research areaswhere such approaches are very important. A lot of techniques have been devised, which can be categorised in anomaly and signature based detection techniques. Researchers have also spent much effort on a third category of detection techniques, i.e. hybrid anomaly detection, which combine the two former approaches in order to obtain better detection performances. Towards this direction, we designed a generic framework, called HALF, whose goal is to accommodate multiple mining algorithms of a specific domain and provide a flexible and more effective detection capability. HALF can be easily employed in different application domains such as intrusion detection and steganalysis due to its generality and the support provided for the data analysis process. We analysed two case studies in order to show how HALF can be exploited in practice to implement a Network Intrusion Detection System and a Steganalysis tool. The concept of anomaly is a core element of the research activity conducted in the context of intrusion detection, where an intrusion can be seen as an anomalous activity that might represent a threat to a network or system. Intrusion detection systems constitute a very important class of security tools which have become an invaluable defence wall against cyber threats. In this thesis we present two research results that stemfromissues related to IDSs that resort to the n-grams technique. The starting point of our first contribution is the threat posed by content-based attacks. Their goal is to deliver malicious content to a service in order to exploit its vulnerabilities. This type of attacks has been causing serious damages to both people and organisations over these years. Some of these attacks may exploit web application vulnerabilities to achieve goals such as data theft and privilege escalation, which may lead to enormous financial loss for the victim. IDSs that exploit the n-gram technique have proven to be very effective against this category of cyber threats. However, n-grams may not be sufficient to build reliable models that describe normal and/or malicious traffic. In addition, the presence of an adversarial attacker is not properly addressed by the existing solutions. We devised a novel anomaly-based intrusion detection technique, called PCkAD to detect content-based attacks threatening application level protocols. PCkAD models legitimate traffic on the basis of the spatial distribution of the n−grams occurring in the relevant content of normal traffic and has been designed to be resistant to blending evasion techniques. Indeed, we demonstrate that evading is an intrinsically difficult problem. The experiments conducted to evaluate PCkAD show that it achieves state of the art performances in real attack scenarios and that it performs well against blending attacks. The second contribution concerning intrusion detection investigates issues that may be brought by the employment of the n-gram technique. Many approaches using n-grams have been proposed in literature which typically exploit high order n-grams to achieve good performance. However, because the n-gram domain grows exponentially with respect to the n-gram size, significant issues may arise, from the generation of huge models to overfitting. We present an approach aimed to reduce the size of n-grambased models, which is able build models that contain only a fraction of the original n-grams with little impact on the detection accuracy. The reported experiments, conducted on a real word dataset, show promising results. The research concerning access control systems focused on anomalies that represent attempts of exceeding or misusing access controls to negatively affect the confidentiality, integrity or availability of a target information system. Access control systems are nowadays the first line of defence of modern computing systems. However, their intrinsic static nature hinders autonomously refinement of access rules and adaptation to emerging needs. Advanced attributed-based systems still rely on mainly manual administration approaches and are not effective on preventing insider threat exploiting granted access rights. We introduce a machine learning approach to refine attribute-based access control policies based on behavioural patterns of users’ access to resources. The designed system tailors a learning algorithm upon the decision tree solutions. We analysed a case study and conducted an experiment to show the effectiveness of the system. IoT is the last topic of interest in the present thesis. IoT is showing the potential for impacting several domains, ranging from personal to enterprise environments. IoT applications are designed to improve most aspects of both business and citizens’ lives, however such emerging technology has become an attractive target for cybercriminals. A worrying security problem concerns the presence of many smart devices that have security holes. Researchers are investing their efforts in the evaluation of security properties. Following this direction, we show that it is possible to effectively assess cyber security scenarios involving IoT settings by combining novel virtual environments, agent-based simulation and real devices and then achieving a means that helps prevent anomalous actions fromtaking advantage of security holes for malicious purposes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach through a case study regarding a typical smart home setting. Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Communication Technologies, Ciclo XXX Università della Calabria
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- 2018
79. Global Optimization, Ordinary Differential Equations and Infinity Computing
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Mukhametzhanov, Marat S., Sergeyev, Yaroslav D., and Crupi, Felice
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Mathematical optimization ,Numerical analysis - Abstract
La tesi consiste in 4 capitoli. I primi due capitoli riguardano l’ottimizzazione globale utilizzando il framework dei computer tradizionali, mentre gli altri due capitoli riguardano l’utilizzo della nuova tipologia dei supercomputer – l’Infinity Computer – che permette di lavorare numericamente con i numeri finiti, infiniti ed infinitesimi allo stesso modo per risolvere i problemi di ottimizzazione globale e di equazioni differenziali ordinarie. La prima linea di ricerca è dedicata all’ottimizzazione globale unidimensionale di Lipschitz. Due approci per la costruzione dei metodi sono stati studiati in questa direzione: l’approcio “geometrico” basato sul metodo di Pyavskii e l’approcio “information” basato sul metodo di Strongin. Sono state proposte le nuove tecniche per l’accelerazione della ricerca globale. E’ stata effettuata l’analisi di convergenza dei metodi proposti. Gli esperimenti numerici su diversi classi delle funzioni test hanno confermato l’analisi effettuata. L’altra linea di ricerca è dedicata alla comparazione sistematica dei metodi di ottimizzazione globale di natura diversa. Due tipologie dei metodi sono state studiate: i metodi metaheuristici (che hanno la natura stocastica) e i metodi di ottimizzazione globale lipschitziana (che sono deterministici). Sono stati proposti due nuovi metodi per la comparazione grafica di queste due classi degli algoritmi. Gli esperimenti numerici su più di 1 000 funzioni test con più di 1 000 000 lanci randomizzati degli algoritmi stocastici hanno confermato i vantaggi dei metodi proposti. Inoltre, un nuovo generatore dei problemi test dell’ottimizzazione globale vincolata è stato proposto. Il generatore è basato sul GKLS-generatore dei problemi test dell’ottimizzazione globale non vincolata e permette di utilizzare le tecniche proposte per il confronto degli algoritmi di natura diversa anche nel caso dell’ottimizzazione vincolata. La terza linea di ricerca è dedicata allo studio delle istanze di malcondizionamento nei problemi di ottimizzazione. Prima sono stati considerati i problemi unidimensionali con la funzione obiettivo scalata con i valori infiniti ed infinitesimi delle costanti di scala. E’ stato dimostrato che i problemi scalati che sono malcondizionati sui computer tradizionali diventano bencondizionati se si utilizza l’Infinity Computer. Poi si studia il metodo Diagonal Bundle con la memoria limitata (chiamato “D-Bundle”) dell’ottimizzazione multidimensionale convessa e non differenziabile. E’ stato costruito un nuovo metodo basato sul metodo “D-Bundle”, in cui la matrice che definisce la metrica è sempre bencondizionata grazie all’Infinity Computing (che non è il caso per il metodo originale). L’ultima linea di ricerca è dedicata alla soluzione delle equazioni differenziali ordinarie sull’Infinity Computer. Nuovi metodi per la soluzione del problema ai valori iniziali sono stati proposti. Questi metodi usano le derivate della soluzione sconosciuta calcolate esattamente sull’Infinity Computer. L’analisi della convergenza è stata effettuata e i risultati sono stati confermati dagli esperimenti numerici sui problemi test dalla letteratura. I risultati ottenuti sono stati pubblicati in 8 articoli sulle riviste internazionali, e 1 articolo è stato sottomesso in una rivista internazionale. Inoltre, 1 contributo al volume e 9 articoli negli atti dei convegni internazionali sono stati anche pubblicati. I risultati ottenuti sono stati presentati durante 8 convegni internazionali. Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Computation Technologies, Ciclo XXX University of Calabria.
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- 2018
80. Powertrain ad alta efficienza per un veicolo etettrico a quattro ruote motrici indipendenti
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Cordopatri, Antonio, Crupi, Felice, and Cocorullo, Giuseppe
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Propulsione elettrica - Abstract
Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Communication Technologies, Ciclo XXX Università della Calabria
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- 2018
81. <<A>> methodology for the development of autonomic and cognitive internet of things ecosystems
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Savaglio, Claudio, Crupi, Felice, and Fortino, Giancarlo
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Intelligent agents (Computer software) ,Internet of thing - Abstract
Advancements on microelectromechanical systems, embedded technologies, and wireless communications have recently enabled the evolution of conven- tional everyday things in enhanced entities, commonly de ned Smart Objects (SOs). Their continuous and widespread di usion, along with an increasing and pervasive connectivity, is enabling unforeseen interactions with conven- tional computing systems, places, animals and humans, thus fading the bound- ary between physical and digital worlds. The Internet of Things (IoT) term just refers to such futuristic scenario, namely a loosely coupled, decentralized and dynamic ecosystem in which bil- lions (even trillions) of self-steering SOs are globally interconnected becoming active participants in business, logistics, information and social processes. In- deed, SOs are able to provide highly pervasive cyberphysical services to both humans and machines thanks to their communication, sensing, actuation, and embedded processing capabilities. Nowadays, the systemic revolution that can be led through the complete realization of the IoT vision is just at its dawn. As matter of facts, whereas new IoT devices and systems have been already developed, they often result in poorly interoperating \Intra-nets of things", mainly due to the heterogeneity featuring IoT building blocks and the lack of standards. Thus, the develop- ment of massive scaled (the total number of \things" is forecasted to reach 20.4 billion in 2020) and actually interoperable IoT systems is a challenging task, featured by several requirements and novel, even unsurveyed, issues. In this context, a multidisciplinary and systematic development approach is necessary, so to involve di erent elds of expertise for coping with the cy- berphysical nature of IoT ecosystem. Henceforth, full- edged IoT methodolo- gies are gaining traction, aiming at systematically supporting all development phases, addressing mentioned issues, and reducing time-to-market, e orts and probability of failure. In such a scenario, this Thesis proposes an application domain-neutral, full- edged agent-based development methodology able to support the main engineering phases of IoT ecosystems. The de nition of such systematic approach resulted in ACOSO-Meth (Agent-based COoperating Smart Objects Methodology), which is the major contribution of this thesis along with other interesting research e orts supporting (i.e., a multi-technology and multi- protocol smartphone-based IoT gateway) and extending (i.e., a full- edged approach to the IoT services modeling according to their opportunistic prop- erties) the main proposal. Finally, to provide validation and performance eval- uation of the proposed ACOSO-Meth approach, four use cases (related to di erent application contexts such as a smart university campus, a smart dig- ital library, a smart city and a smart workshop) have been developed. These research prototypes showed the e ectiveness and e ciency of the proposed approach and improved their respective state-of-the-art. ii Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Computation Technologies, Ciclo XXX Università della Calabria
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- 2018
82. Software defined radar for monitoring and sensing applications
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Raffo, Antonio, Crupi, Felice, and Costanzo, Sandra
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Radar ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Computation Technologies, Ciclo XXX Università della Calabria
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- 2018
83. Solar photovoltaic technology as a smart alternative to replace conventional fossil fuels
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Guerra, Noemi, Palacios, Cesar, Guevara, Marco, and Crupi, Felice
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c-Si wafer-based ,fossil fuels ,global warming ,greenhouse effect ,IBC solar cells ,photovoltaic ,renewable ,solar energy - Abstract
This work presents a study of the climate change issues and how green energies can help to reduce the negative consequences of global warming and greenhouse effects on earth. The sun is considered one of the most important and plentiful sources of renewable energies reason why it is close to being the largest source of electricity in the world by 2050. Furthermore, most of the energy forms available on earth arise directly from the solar energy, including wind, hydro, biomass and fossil fuels, with some exceptions like nuclear and geothermal energies. Accordingly, solar photovoltaic (SPV) is a technology capable of converting the inexhaustible solar energy into electricity by employing the electronic properties of semiconductor materials, representing one of the most promising ways for generating electricity, as an attainable and smart option to replace conventional fossil fuels. Solar cell technology is undergoing a transition to a new generation of efficient, low-cost products based on certain semiconductor and photoactive materials. Furthermore, it has definite environmental advantages over competing electricity generation technologies, and the PV industry follows a pro-active life-cycle approach to prevent future environmental damage and to sustain these advantages.
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- 2018
84. Design of High-Efficiency GaAs Solar Cells Based on TCAD 2D Numerical Simulations
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Palacios, César, Guerra, Noemi, Guevara, Marco, and Crupi, Felice
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AlGaAs-Gas solar cell ,solar energy ,photovoltaics ,numerical simulations ,TCAD ,Sentaurus, transfer matrix method ,raytracing ,Quantitative Biology::Cell Behavior - Abstract
This paper presents several numerical simulations to obtain an optimized model for AlGaAs-GaAs solar cell, using the TCAD simulator of Sentaurus. First an updated review of the state of the art in the development of GaAs solar cell is provided, with emphasis on the AlGaAs-GaAs cells. Secondly, a set of theoretically derived characteristics is given for this type of solar cells. Then, a comparison between two solar cell architectures is considered, one with a full metalized back contact and other with a back contact of 5μm. To resolve the optical and electrical characteristics of the solar cell, some methods can be used by TCAD Sentaurus. The transfer matrix method (TMM) and the Raytracing approach are implemented to solve the optical part of the cell. Instead, for the electrical part, the resolution of the semiconductor equations, principally the Poisson equation, was computed. At the end of the work an optimization phase of the solar cell was made, in order to search the technological parameters leading to optimal performances of the cells, the effects of the doping level and the thicknesses of the base, bsf and emitter layers were also investigated.
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- 2018
85. Techniques and facilities for neutron irradiation testing of power electronics devices
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Marchese, Nicolò, Critelli, Salvatore, Crupi, Felice, and Tomarchio, Elio Angelo
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Neutrons ,Power transistors ,Cosmic rays - Abstract
Il percorso dottorale ha avuto fin dal suo inizio il chiaro obbiettivo di formare una figura altamente specializzata nell’ambito della ricerca industriale. Tema centrale del percorso di dottorato è stato quello del test con neutroni di dispositivi elettronici di potenza. Tali dispositivi, oggi largamente impiegati nei sistemi per la generazione, trasporto e trasformazione dell’energia (PV Plants, Wind Farms, Power Systems), rappresentano il fulcro dei moderni sistemi di elettronica di potenza e ne caratterizzano drasticamente l’affidabilità. I dispositivi elettronici di potenza, oltre ad essere soggetti alle normali sollecitazioni operative, sono sottoposti agli stress derivanti dall’ambiente in cui operano. Negli ultimi decenni è divenuto sempre più rilevante l’effetto che i neutroni atmosferici hanno su tali dispositivi (Single Event Effects, SEEs) e quanto tale effetto possa compromettere irrimediabilmente il funzionamento dei dispositivi stessi e l’affidabilità dei sistemi in cui vengono impiegati. Nell’ottica più ampia dettata dalla stipula del Protocollo di Kyoto (1997), che pone in primo piano la tematica dell’efficienza energetica nei settori più rilevanti nelle economie nazionali, il tema dell’affidabilità dei sistemi di generazione, trasformazione e trasporto dell’energia ricopre un ruolo fondamentale, e ha sostenuto e motivato il lavoro di studio e ricerca portato avanti nel percorso dottorale. Il triennio ha dunque visto l’avvicendarsi di periodi di studio e approfondimento personale riguardo le tematiche trattate, la partecipazione a corsi, seminari e convegni inerenti il tema dell’attività di ricerca, periodi di attività di progettazione e di sperimentazione, nonché l’attività di promozione dei risultati ottenuti. Il percorso dottorale può essere sostanzialmente suddiviso in due rami: Tecniche di test con neutroni di dispositivi elettronici di potenza, Progettazione e caratterizzazione di facility di test con neutroni. Per quanto concerne le tecniche di test con neutroni, il percorso di studio intrapreso ha consentito l’ampliamento della conoscenza sui modelli di interazione dei neutroni con i dispositivi elettronici di potenza, con particolare attenzione ai dispositivi Power MOSFET, e l’approfondimento delle competenze relative agli standard internazionali per il test con neutroni. Lo studio dei modelli ha garantito una migliore consapevolezza su parametri e fattori che influenzano la risposta dei dispositivi all’irraggiamento neutronico. Lo studio degli standard e la comprensione delle finalità con cui questi vengono concepiti ha invece consentito di fissare gli obbiettivi ultimi delle attività sperimentali e dei test sui dispositivi. Le competenze acquisite hanno dunque portato ad una progettazione più cosciente delle attività sperimentali, garantendo l’ottenimento di risultati utili all’avanzamento della ricerca. Sono state dunque predisposte delle sperimentazioni preliminari su dispositivi Power MOSFET destinati all’impiego in sistemi inverter per la produzione di energia da fonti rinnovabili. Le sperimentazioni sono state svolte presso l’Irradiatore Neutronico a sorgenti 241Am-Be del Dipartimento DEIM dell’Università di Palermo. Dai risultati ottenuti è stato possibile evidenziare alcune caratteristiche salienti del comportamento dei dispositivi sotto irraggiamento neutronico, come, per esempio, l’evidente comportamento a soglia del fenomeno, rispetto alla tensione di alimentazione dei dispositivi. Tale dato è stato alla base della progettazione delle sperimentazioni svolte successivamente. Si è infatti ritenuto opportuno effettuare i test su di un campione statisticamente rilevante di dispositivi elettronici, ed inoltre di effettuare la sperimentazione su dispositivi con caratteristiche diverse al fine di studiare come gli effetti dei neutroni potessero essere correlati ad esse. Sono stati dunque individuati i target dell’attività sperimentale, che sono risultati essere lo studio delle soglie di tensione di alimentazione oltre le quali si verificano i SEEs e lo studio dell’andamento dei tassi di fallimento dei dispositivi per diversi valori della tensione di alimentazione. Fissati gli obbiettivi della sperimentazione è stata individuata la facility più idonea allo svolgimento della campagna sperimentale. Nello specifico la struttura più Per quanto concerne le tecniche di test con neutroni, il percorso di studio intrapreso ha consentito l’ampliamento della conoscenza sui modelli di interazione dei neutroni con i dispositivi elettronici di potenza, con particolare attenzione ai dispositivi Power MOSFET, e l’approfondimento delle competenze relative agli standard internazionali per il test con neutroni. Lo studio dei modelli ha garantito una migliore consapevolezza su parametri e fattori che influenzano la risposta dei dispositivi all’irraggiamento neutronico. Lo studio degli standard e la comprensione delle finalità con cui questi vengono concepiti ha invece consentito di fissare gli obbiettivi ultimi delle attività sperimentali e dei test sui dispositivi. Le competenze acquisite hanno dunque portato ad una progettazione più cosciente delle attività sperimentali, garantendo l’ottenimento di risultati utili all’avanzamento della ricerca. Sono state dunque predisposte delle sperimentazioni preliminari su dispositivi Power MOSFET destinati all’impiego in sistemi inverter per la produzione di energia da fonti rinnovabili. Le sperimentazioni sono state svolte presso l’Irradiatore Neutronico a sorgenti 241Am-Be del Dipartimento DEIM dell’Università di Palermo. Dai risultati ottenuti è stato possibile evidenziare alcune caratteristiche salienti del comportamento dei dispositivi sotto irraggiamento neutronico, come, per esempio, l’evidente comportamento a soglia del fenomeno, rispetto alla tensione di alimentazione dei dispositivi. Tale dato è stato alla base della progettazione delle sperimentazioni svolte successivamente. Si è infatti ritenuto opportuno effettuare i test su di un campione statisticamente rilevante di dispositivi elettronici, ed inoltre di effettuare la sperimentazione su dispositivi con caratteristiche diverse al fine di studiare come gli effetti dei neutroni potessero essere correlati ad esse. Sono stati dunque individuati i target dell’attività sperimentale, che sono risultati essere lo studio delle soglie di tensione di alimentazione oltre le quali si verificano i SEEs e lo studio dell’andamento dei tassi di fallimento dei dispositivi per diversi valori della tensione di alimentazione. Fissati gli obbiettivi della sperimentazione è stata individuata la facility più idonea allo svolgimento della campagna sperimentale. Nello specifico la struttura più Per quanto concerne le tecniche di test con neutroni, il percorso di studio intrapreso ha consentito l’ampliamento della conoscenza sui modelli di interazione dei neutroni con i dispositivi elettronici di potenza, con particolare attenzione ai dispositivi Power MOSFET, e l’approfondimento delle competenze relative agli standard internazionali per il test con neutroni. Lo studio dei modelli ha garantito una migliore consapevolezza su parametri e fattori che influenzano la risposta dei dispositivi all’irraggiamento neutronico. Lo studio degli standard e la comprensione delle finalità con cui questi vengono concepiti ha invece consentito di fissare gli obbiettivi ultimi delle attività sperimentali e dei test sui dispositivi. Le competenze acquisite hanno dunque portato ad una progettazione più cosciente delle attività sperimentali, garantendo l’ottenimento di risultati utili all’avanzamento della ricerca. Sono state dunque predisposte delle sperimentazioni preliminari su dispositivi Power MOSFET destinati all’impiego in sistemi inverter per la produzione di energia da fonti rinnovabili. Le sperimentazioni sono state svolte presso l’Irradiatore Neutronico a sorgenti 241Am-Be del Dipartimento DEIM dell’Università di Palermo. Dai risultati ottenuti è stato possibile evidenziare alcune caratteristiche salienti del comportamento dei dispositivi sotto irraggiamento neutronico, come, per esempio, l’evidente comportamento a soglia del fenomeno, rispetto alla tensione di alimentazione dei dispositivi. Tale dato è stato alla base della progettazione delle sperimentazioni svolte successivamente. Si è infatti ritenuto opportuno effettuare i test su di un campione statisticamente rilevante di dispositivi elettronici, ed inoltre di effettuare la sperimentazione su dispositivi con caratteristiche diverse al fine di studiare come gli effetti dei neutroni potessero essere correlati ad esse. Sono stati dunque individuati i target dell’attività sperimentale, che sono risultati essere lo studio delle soglie di tensione di alimentazione oltre le quali si verificano i SEEs e lo studio dell’andamento dei tassi di fallimento dei dispositivi per diversi valori della tensione di alimentazione. Fissati gli obbiettivi della sperimentazione è stata individuata la facility più idonea allo svolgimento della campagna sperimentale. Nello specifico la struttura più Per quanto concerne le tecniche di test con neutroni, il percorso di studio intrapreso ha consentito l’ampliamento della conoscenza sui modelli di interazione dei neutroni con i dispositivi elettronici di potenza, con particolare attenzione ai dispositivi Power MOSFET, e l’approfondimento delle competenze relative agli standard internazionali per il test con neutroni. Lo studio dei modelli ha garantito una migliore consapevolezza su parametri e fattori che influenzano la risposta dei dispositivi all’irraggiamento neutronico. Lo studio degli standard e la comprensione delle finalità con cui questi vengono concepiti ha invece consentito di fissare gli obbiettivi ultimi delle attività sperimentali e dei test sui dispositivi. Le competenze acquisite hanno dunque portato ad una progettazione più cosciente delle attività sperimentali, garantendo l’ottenimento di risultati utili all’avanzamento della ricerca. Sono state dunque predisposte delle sperimentazioni preliminari su dispositivi Power MOSFET destinati all’impiego in sistemi inverter per la produzione di energia da fonti rinnovabili. Le sperimentazioni sono state svolte presso l’Irradiatore Neutronico a sorgenti 241Am-Be del Dipartimento DEIM dell’Università di Palermo. Dai risultati ottenuti è stato possibile evidenziare alcune caratteristiche salienti del comportamento dei dispositivi sotto irraggiamento neutronico, come, per esempio, l’evidente comportamento a soglia del fenomeno, rispetto alla tensione di alimentazione dei dispositivi. Tale dato è stato alla base della progettazione delle sperimentazioni svolte successivamente. Si è infatti ritenuto opportuno effettuare i test su di un campione statisticamente rilevante di dispositivi elettronici, ed inoltre di effettuare la sperimentazione su dispositivi con caratteristiche diverse al fine di studiare come gli effetti dei neutroni potessero essere correlati ad esse. Sono stati dunque individuati i target dell’attività sperimentale, che sono risultati essere lo studio delle soglie di tensione di alimentazione oltre le quali si verificano i SEEs e lo studio dell’andamento dei tassi di fallimento dei dispositivi per diversi valori della tensione di alimentazione. Fissati gli obbiettivi della sperimentazione è stata individuata la facility più idonea allo svolgimento della campagna sperimentale. Nello specifico la struttura più idonea è risultata essere la facility di irraggiamento con neutroni ChipIr, situata presso il Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). L’attività sperimentale è stata dunque proposta ai responsabili della facility, Dr Christopher Frost e Dr. Carlo Cazzaniga, che hanno dimostrato il loro interesse proponendo un periodo di attività di studio e ricerca di cinque mesi. Acquisite dunque le informazioni relative alla facility è stato possibile predisporre e adeguare la strumentazione al fine di ottimizzare le procedure di test e di ottenere i risultati auspicati. Le attività presso la facility ChipIr sono state svolte nel periodo da inizio febbraio a fine giugno 2017. Nella prima fase della sperimentazione è stata predisposta la strumentazione di test e adeguata alle condizioni operative della facility. Si è proceduto alla caratterizzazione preliminare dei dispositivi e alla prima sperimentazione con neutroni. Nella prima sperimentazione tre tipologie di dispositivi Power MOSFET sono stati sottoposti ad irraggiamento neutronico per lo studio dell’andamento delle soglie di SEEs. L’elaborazione dei dati ottenuti ha evidenziato quanto ipotizzato in precedenza mostrando l’esistenza di una correlazione diretta tra le caratteristiche del dispositivo e le soglie per l’insorgenza dei SEEs. È stata dunque predisposta una seconda campagna sperimentale su nuovi dispositivi, al fine di consolidare i dati dell’indagine riguardo la natura a soglia del fenomeno. Parallelamente sono stati programmati i test di valutazione dei tassi di guasto dei dispostivi, che hanno permesso di studiare il comportamento sotto irraggiamento dei dispositivi in diverse condizioni operative. L’attività di progettazione e caratterizzazione di facility di test con neutroni è stata portata avanti parallelamente a quella di test. Relativamente a tale attività, è stato portato avanti uno studio preliminare sulle caratteristiche richieste dagli standard internazionali per le facility destinate al test con neutroni di dispositivi elettronici. Le competenze acquisite attraverso lo studio degli standard sono state affiancate a quelle maturate sui codici di simulazione basati su metodo Monte Carlo (MCNP). Nel corso del primo anno di dottorato è stata intrapresa una collaborazione con il Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Messina. Il tema della collaborazione ha riguardato la progettazione di una schermatura per l’impiego indoor di una sorgente di neutroni compatta. La sorgente neutronica, basata sulla reazione deuteriodeuterio, è stata acquisita per essere impiegata nell’ambito degli studi sulla biofisica e sulle interazioni dei neutroni con i dispositivi elettronici. La progettazione della schermatura ha avuto come obbiettivi principali la possibilità di impiego della sorgente in laboratorio, e quindi un obbiettivo primario di tipo radioprotezionistico, e la progettazione di una facility idonea allo svolgimento di attività di test sui dispositivi elettronici. Per la progettazione preliminare sono stati individuati i materiali più idonei alla realizzazione della schermatura ed è stato realizzato un modello 3D della stessa. Valutazioni preliminari sulla capacità schermante sono state effettuate a partire dalla conoscenza delle caratteristiche schermanti dei materiali scelti (Cross Section di Rimozione). Il modello 3D è stato implementato in una simulazione MCNP al fine di verificare le valutazioni preliminari. Il progetto della schermatura è stato sottoposto alla valutazione dell’esperto qualificato dell’Università di Messina, che ne dovrà valutare l’idoneità ai requisiti radioprotezionistici, prima di procedere al commissioning. Nell’ambito della progettazione di facility per il test con neutroni è stato presentato una proposta per la realizzazione di una sorgente neutronica basata sull’interazione 7Li(p,n)7Be. Sorgenti di questo tipo, definite “quasi-monoenergetiche” possono essere impiegate per il test di dispositivi elettronici, come indicato dagli standard. La proposta è stata presentata nel contesto della Call for Experimental Proposals with the Tandem accelerator 2016, dei Laboratori Nazionali del Sud di Catania. L’esperimento, approvato dal comitato scientifico dei LNS, è stato svolto nel marzo 2017, in collaborazione con il Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Napoli “Federico II”. L’esperimento, denominato NSPP, ha visto l’utilizzo di un fascio di protoni per l’irraggiamento di un target di Litio. La produzione di neutroni è stata verificata con misure di attenuazione effettuate tramite un neutron counter. È stato parallelamente sviluppato un modello MCNP necessario ad effettuare valutazioni preliminari per il prosieguo dell’esperimento. Lo scorso 31 ottobre è stata presentata la proposta di proseguimento dell’esperimento NSPP che ha come scopo quello di caratterizzare la sorgente neutronica ottenuta nella prima fase Ph.D. Course Science and Engineering of the Environment, the Structures and the Energy. Cycle XXX University of Calabria
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- 2018
86. Malevolent Activities Detection and Cyber Range Scenarios Orchestration
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Piccolo, Antonio, Saccà, Domenico, Pugliese, Andrea, and Crupi, Felice
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FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer security ,Intrusion detection systems - Abstract
increasing availability of Internet accessible services driven by the di usion of connected devices. The consequent exposition to cyber-threats demands for suitable methodologies, techniques and tools allowing to adequately handle issues arising in such a complex domain. Most Intrusion Detection Systems are capable of detecting many attacks, but cannot provide a clear idea to the analyst because of the huge number of false alerts generated by these systems. This weakness in the IDS has led to the emergence of many methods in which to deal with these alerts, minimize them and highlight the real attacks. Furthermore, experience shows that the inter- pretation of the alerts usually requires more than the single messages provided by the sensors, so there is a need for techniques that can analyse the alerts within the context in which they have been generated. This might require the ability to correlate them with some other contextual information provided by other devices. Using synthetic data to design, implement and test these techniques its not fair and reliable because the variety and unpredictability of the real world data. On the other hand retrieve these information from real world networks is not easy (and sometimes impossible) due to privacy and con dential restrictions. Virtual Environments, Software De ned Systems and Software De ned Net- work will play a critical role in many cyber-security related aspects like the assessment of newly devised intrusion detection techniques, the generation of real world like logs, the evaluation of skills of cyber-defence team members and the evaluation of the disruptive e ects caused by the di usion of new malware. This thesis proposes, among other things, a novel domain-speci c platform, named SmallWorld, aimed to easily design, build and deploy realistic com- puter network scenarios achieved by the immersion of real systems into a software de ned virtual environment, enriched by Software De ned Agents put in charge of reproducing users or bot behaviours. Additionally, to provide validation and performance evaluation of the proposed platform, a number of Scenarios (including penetration testing laboratories, IoT and domotics net- works and a reproduction of the most common services on Internet like a DNS server, a MAIL server, a booking service and a payment gateway) have been developed inside SmallWorld. Over time the platform has been rewrit- ten and radically improved leading to the birth of Hacking Square. This new version is currently available on-line and freely accessible from anyone. The impact of this research prototype has been demonstrated, above all, during the course of "Metodi e Strumenti per la Sicurezza Informatica" for the mas- ter degree in Cyber Security at DIMES, University of Calabria. In fact, the platform has been employed to build the laboratory of the course as an in cloud service for students (including all the material to conduct exercises and assignments) and to organize a, practical, Capture the Flag (CTF) like nal test. Finally, the platform is under the attention of Consorzio Interuniver- sitario per l'Informatica (CINI), as it could be used to manage and deploy training content for the CyberChallenge 2018. Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Computation Technologies, Ciclo XXX Università della Calabria
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- 2018
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87. Device-to-System Level Simulation Framework for STT-DMTJ Based Cache Memory
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Garzon, Esteban, primary, De Rose, Raffaele, additional, Crupi, Felice, additional, and Lanuzza, Marco, additional
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- 2019
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88. An Energy Aware Variation-Tolerant Writing Termination Control for STT-based Non Volatile Flip-Flops
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Lanuzza, Marco, primary, De Rose, Raffaele, additional, Crupi, Felice, additional, and Alioto, Massimo, additional
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- 2019
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89. Evaluating the Energy Efficiency of STT-MRAMs Based on Perpendicular MTJs with Double Reference Layers
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Lanuzza, Marco, primary, Rose, Raffaele De, additional, Garzon, Esteban, additional, and Crupi, Felice, additional
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- 2019
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90. Numerical simulations of hole carrier selective contacts in p-type c-Si solar cells
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Procel, Paul, primary, Löper, Philipp, additional, Crupi, Felice, additional, Ballif, Christophe, additional, and Ingenito, Andrea, additional
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- 2019
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91. Exploiting Double-Barrier MTJs for Energy-Efficient Nanoscaled STT-MRAMs
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Garzon, Esteban, primary, De Rose, Raffaele, additional, Crupi, Felice, additional, Trojman, Lionel, additional, Finocchio, Giovanni, additional, Carpentieri, Mario, additional, and Lanuzza, Marco, additional
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- 2019
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92. Package Design Methodology for Crosstalk Mitigation between DC/DC Converter and ADC Analog Inputs in Complex SoC
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Settino, Francesco, primary, Brandtner, Thomas, additional, Niederl, Josef, additional, Praemassing, Frank, additional, Koffler, Harald, additional, Palestri, Pierpaolo, additional, and Crupi, Felice, additional
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- 2019
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93. Influence of GaN- and Si3N4-Passivation Layers on the Performance of AlGaN/GaN Diodes With a Gated Edge Termination
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Acurio, Eliana, primary, Crupi, Felice, additional, Ronchi, Nicolo, additional, De Jaeger, Brice, additional, Bakeroot, Benoit, additional, Decoutere, Stefaan, additional, and Trojman, Lionel, additional
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- 2019
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94. Compact Modeling of Perpendicular STT-MTJs With Double Reference Layers
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De Rose, Raffaele, primary, d'Aquino, Massimiliano, additional, Finocchio, Giovanni, additional, Crupi, Felice, additional, Carpentieri, Mario, additional, and Lanuzza, Marco, additional
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- 2019
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95. Operation and physics of photovoltaic solar cells: an overview
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Guerra, Noemi, primary, Guevara, Marco, primary, Palacios, Cesar, primary, and Crupi, Felice, primary
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- 2018
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96. Distribution, Reuse and Interoperability of simulation models in heterogeneous distributed computing environments
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Falcone, Alberto, Garro, Alfredo, and Crupi, Felice
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Computer architecture ,Computer simulation - Abstract
Modeling and Simulation (M&S) is gaining a central role in several industrial domains such as automotive, e-science and aerospace, due to the increasing complexity of system requirements and thus of the related engineering problems. Specifically, M&S methods, tools, and techniques can e↵ectively support the analysis and design of modern systems by enabling the evaluation and comparison of di↵erent design choices against requirements through virtual testing; this opportunity becomes even crucial when complete and actual tests are too expensive to be performed in terms of cost, time and other resources. Moreover, as systems result from the integration of components which are often designed and manufactured by di↵erent organizations belonging to di↵erent engineering domains (including mechanical, electrical, control, and software), great benefits can derive from the possibility to perform simulations which involve components independently developed and running on di↵erent and possibly geographically distributed machines. Indeed, distributed simulation promotes an e↵ective cooperative, integrated and concurrent approach to complex systems analysis and design. Although M&S o↵ers many advantages related to the possibility of doing controlled experiments on an artificial representation of a system, its practical use requires to face with important issues such as, (i) difficulties to reuse simulation models already made; (ii) lack of rules and procedures by which to make interoperable models created with di↵erent simulation environments; and, (iii) lack of mechanisms for executing simulation models in distributed and heterogeneous environments. Indeed, there are di↵erent simulation environments both commercial and noncommercial highly specialized that allow the design and implementation of simulation models in specific domains. However, a single simulation environment is not able to manage all the necessary aspects to model a system when it is composed of several components. Typically, the modeling and simulation of such systems, whose behavior cannot be straightforwardly defined, derived and easily analyzed starting from the behavior of their components, require to identify and face with some important research issues. Dottorato di Ricerca in: Information and comunication engineering for pervasive intelligent environments. Ciclo XXIX Università della Calabria
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- 2017
97. Scalable data analysis: methods, tools and applications
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Belcastro, Loris, Crupi, Felice, and Talia, Domenico
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Data mining - Abstract
Dottorato di Ricerca in Information and Communication Engineering for Pervasive Intelligent Environments, Ciclo XXIX Università della Calabria
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- 2017
98. Design og high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells based on numerical simulation
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Procel Moya, Paul Alejandro, Pantano, Pietro, Cocorullo, Giuseppe, and Crupi, Felice
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Elettronica ,Celle solari - Abstract
L’utilizzo di strumenti di simulazione è diventato un approccio chiave nel processo di progettazione di celle solari ad alta efficienza. In questo lavoro di tesi, strutture e tecnologie relative a celle solari avanzate in silicio cristallino sono state discusse e analizzate per mezzo di simulazioni numeriche. In particolare, i parametri critici sono stati evidenziati fornendo linee guida per ottenere la massima efficienza in relazione ai vincoli tecnologici. Nel Capitolo 1 è stata presentata l’evoluzione delle celle in c-Si effettuata con l’obiettivo di avvicinarsi il più possibile agli effettivi limiti di efficienza.. Nel Capitolo 2, è stato descritto lo stato dell’arte generale relativo alle celle in silicio cristallino, focalizzandosi sulla loro implementazione in simulazioni numeriche. Di seguito, nel Capitolo 3, è stato presentato uno studio teorico dell’impatto dei parametri di progettazione sulle principali figure di merito di celle solari IBC in c-Si, basato su simulazioni elettro-ottiche. Lo studio è stato condotto analizzando i principali parametri e identificando i meccanismi dominanti che migliorano o degradano l’efficienza di conversione. In particolare, è stato dimostrato che le concentrazioni di drogaggio e le geometrie della faccia inferiore ottimali sono il risultato di compromessi tra meccanismi di ricombinazione intrinseci ed estrinseci, nel caso dei drogaggi, e tra maccanismi di trasporto e ricombinazione, nel caso delle geometrie posteriori. Successivamente, l’approccio presentato nel Capitolo 2 è stato ampliato nel Capitolo 4, in cui è stato illustrato un innovativo modello di simulazione per IBC. La simulazione elettro-ottica è stata validata e impiegata per lo studio della regione frontale della cella back-contact. La nuova metodologia di simulazione modella in dettaglio il comportamento ottico e i meccanismi di passivazione sulla texturizzazione frontale. I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato che un’interfaccia frontale texturizzata con piramidi irregolari e un FSF ottimale sono necessari per minimizzare sia le perdite ottiche che per ricombinazione. Analogamente, è stato evidenziato che le perdite per ricombinazione sono influenzate in misura maggiore dal profilo di drogaggio che dalla rugosità delle superficie. In relazione all’ottimizzazione del regione inferiore è stato ottenuto un miglioramento del 1% nell’efficienza assoluta e, in conseguenza di questo, migliorando sia la qualità dell’emettitore che della base in silicio cristallino, è stata presentata una cella solare con efficienza del 22.84%. Nel Capitolo 5, il modello di simulazione è stato usato per analizzare parametri critici di progettazione nell’applicazione di contatti passivanti in un cella solare convenzionale. I risultati delle simulazioni hanno dimostrato che i parametri principali che limitano il meccanismo di trasporto sono l’energia di barriera, le masse di tunneling di elettroni e lacune e lo spessore dell’ossido. Inoltre, è stato riscontrato che il comportamento del potenziale di built-in è correlato all’allineamento delle bande. Questo effetto fornisce la comprensione di come il silicio cristallino con drogaggio internamente diffuso supporta il trasporto per mezzo di tunneling attraverso lo strato di ossido. In accordo con le analisi svolte, sono state fornite delle indicazioni per la progettazione di contatti passivanti. In conclusione, in questo lavoro di tesi sono state fornite linee guide per il design di celle solari IBC e celle solari convenzionali con contatti passivanti, con lo scopo di favorire processi di fabbricazione di celle solari in silicio cristallino ad alta efficienza. Dottorato ""Archimede" in Scienze Comunicazione e Tecnologie, Ciclo XXVIII a.a. 2015-2016 Università della Calabria
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- 2017
99. Problemi di Allocazione in Giochi Cooperativi: Approssimazioni e Casi Trattabili per il Calcolo del Valore di Shapley
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Mendicelli, Angelo, Scarcello, Francesco, and Crupi, Felice
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- 2017
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100. Ensemble learning techniques for cyber security applications
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Pisani, Francesco Sergio, Crupi, Felice, and Folino, Gianluigi
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- 2017
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