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Objective(s): Interpersonal problems are one of the most persistent difficulties facing those with personality disorders (PDs) and are linked with dysfunction across numerous social domains. Using an interpersonal model of PDs, we examined the indirect effects of Avoidant PD (AvPD) symptoms and social dysfunction through interpersonal problems, as well as Borderline PD (BPD) symptoms and social dysfunction. Methods: Participants were 226 adults taking part in an outpatient treatment program. Results: Using cross‐sectional data from self‐reported measures, we found that cold (b = 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.038, 0.176]) and overly nurturant (b = 0.04, 95% CI [0.001, 0.090]) interpersonal problems showed an indirect association between AvPD symptoms and social dysfunction. The only significant indirect association between BPD symptoms and social dysfunction was overly nurturant (b = 0.05, 95% CI [0.001, 0.120]). Conclusions: Results may aid in the development of more individualized treatments for AvPD and BPD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is ample evidence that endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology may negatively affect veteran men's military to civilian transition, it remains unclear which specific facets of traditional masculinity are most likely to impede successful transition to civilian life. To better understand the association between traditional masculinity ideology and veteran transition, this study sought to examine the relationship between five facets of traditional masculinity ideology (restrictive emotionality, avoidance of femininity, toughness, dominance, and self-reliance) and four factors associated with difficult veteran transition (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, perceived social support, and alcohol-related problems) in (N = 289) veteran men. Results indicate that restrictive emotionality was the most significant contributing facet of traditional masculinity ideology to PTSD, depression, and perceived social support, whereas avoidance of femininity was the masculinity facet most significantly associated with alcohol-related problems. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: While childhood adversity is a known risk for depressive symptoms, little is known about the contributing role of individuation difficulties among young adults. The present study examined individuation difficulties and perceived social support—and their interaction—as moderators of the relationship between childhood adversity exposure and depressive symptoms. Methods: Young adults (N = 119; M = 20.8 years) completed self‐report assessments of childhood adversity, depressive symptoms, individuation difficulties, and perceived social support. Regression analyses were used to examine interaction effects regarding depressive symptom severity. Results: A significant moderated moderation effect was found whereby individuation difficulties interacted with adversity exposure as perceived social support was reduced. Thus, at high levels of individuation difficulties, young adults with exposure to childhood adversity reported elevated depressive symptoms. This effect was buffered by social support such that when individuation difficulties were high, the association between adversity and depressive symptoms decreased from low to moderate and high support. Conclusion: Individuation difficulties and social support are important factors in the development of depressive symptoms from exposure to childhood adversity among young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While research evidence has consistently demonstrated the link between social relationships and psychological distress, there is debate over the strength of perceived emotional support compared with perceived negative interaction on psychological distress and whether the relation between social relationships and psychological distress is direct or moderating. In this study, we examined the relation between partner emotional support, partner negative interaction, and trauma on psychological distress. Our sample of married or romantically partnered people was drawn from a nationally representative U.S. data set (N = 5,383). The direct effects of romantic partner emotional support and romantic partner negative interaction on psychological distress were evaluated and compared. Further, we evaluated the moderating effects of partner emotional support and partner negative interaction on the relation between trauma history and psychological distress. Hierarchical regression models revealed that (a) people exposed to trauma experienced greater psychological distress, (b) partner emotional support was linked with reduced distress, (c) partner negative interaction was linked with increased distress, (d) partner negative interaction accounted for more variance in psychological distress compared with partner emotional support, and (e) neither partner emotional support nor partner negative interaction moderated the relation between trauma and distress. These findings indicate that partner negative interaction has a stronger relation with psychological distress than partner emotional support. Further, they support the direct effects of social relationships on psychological distress over the moderating effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Occupational Engagement Scale–Student (OES-S)—a 9-item measure of occupational engagement in college students—was developed and initial validity evidence is presented. Using two samples of college students, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the measure’s unidimensionality. Criterion validity was supported via the OES-S predicting (a) vocational identity, (b) academic major satisfaction, (c) gains in personal development, (d) gains in vocational competence, and (e) gains in general education. Implications for practice, theory, and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) experience higher rates of psychological distress and seek psychotherapy at higher rates compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. However, few therapists are trained on how to provide effective psychotherapy with SGM clients. The multicultural orientation (MCO) framework, which has been linked to improved therapeutic processes and outcomes, may be a valuable tool for working with SGM clients. The primary aim of this systematic review was to link the MCO framework to existing empirical psychotherapy research with SGM clients. A secondary aim was to examine how MCO constructs that we identified within the SGM literature have been associated with therapeutic processes and outcomes with SGM clients. A systematic search of five databases yielded 61 studies that were included in the review. Framework analysis was used to extract data and identify themes and subthemes related to MCO constructs from included studies. Results of the review demonstrate how the MCO framework can be used to conceptualize psychotherapy with SGM clients and-using the MCO framework-highlight potential beneficial and harmful therapist qualities and actions when working with SGM clients. Implications for future research and psychotherapy practice with SGM clients are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).