227 results on '"Coughlan, Barry"'
Search Results
52. Annual Research Review: Umbrella synthesis of meta‐analyses on child maltreatment antecedents and interventions: differential susceptibility perspective on risk and resilience.
- Author
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van IJzendoorn, Marinus H., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, Marian J., Coughlan, Barry, and Reijman, Sophie
- Subjects
PREVENTION of child abuse ,CHILD abuse ,PARENTING ,PARENTS ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,RISK assessment ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ADVERSE childhood experiences - Abstract
Child maltreatment in the family context is a prevalent and pervasive phenomenon in many modern societies. The global perpetration of child abuse and neglect stands in stark contrast to its almost universal condemnation as exemplified in the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child. Much work has been devoted to the task of prevention, yet a grand synthesis of the literature is missing. Focusing on two core elements of prevention, that is, antecedents for maltreatment and the effectiveness of (preventative) interventions, we performed an umbrella review of meta‐analyses published between January 1, 2014, and December 17, 2018. Meta‐analyses were systematically collected, assessed, and integrated following a uniform approach to allow their comparison across domains. From this analysis of thousands of studies including almost 1.5 million participants, the following risk factors were derived: parental experience of maltreatment in his or her own childhood (d =.47), low socioeconomic status of the family (d =.34), dependent and aggressive parental personality (d =.45), intimate partner violence (d =.41), and higher baseline autonomic nervous system activity (d =.24). The effect size for autonomic stress reactivity was not significant (d = −.10). The umbrella review of interventions to prevent or reduce child maltreatment showed modest intervention effectiveness (d =.23 for interventions targeting child abuse potential or families with self‐reported maltreatment and d =.27 for officially reported child maltreatment cases). Despite numerous studies on child maltreatment, some large gaps in our knowledge of antecedents exist. Neurobiological antecedents should receive more research investment. Differential susceptibility theory may shed more light on questions aimed at breaking the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment and on the modest (preventive) intervention effects. In combination with family‐based interaction‐focused interventions, large‐scale socioeconomic experiments such as cash transfer trials and experiments with vouchers to move to a lower‐poverty area might be tested to prevent or reduce child maltreatment. Prevalence, antecedents, and preventive interventions of prenatal maltreatment deserve continuing scientific, clinical, and policy attention. Read the Commentary on this article at doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13175 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. A theory of youth mental health recovery from a parental perspective
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Kelly, Mary, primary and Coughlan, Barry, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. Parental satisfaction with early intensive behavioral intervention
- Author
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Grey, Ian, primary, Coughlan, Barry, additional, Lydon, Helena, additional, Healy, Olive, additional, and Thomas, Justin, additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Post-primary school teachers’ knowledge and understanding of autism spectrum disorders
- Author
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Young, Keith, Mannix McNamara, Patricia, Coughlan, Barry, Young, Keith, Mannix McNamara, Patricia, and Coughlan, Barry
- Abstract
Current national policy in the Republic of Ireland advocates for the inclusion of students with learning difficulties in mainstream schools. With Asperger’s syndrome (AS) specifically, it is essential that teachers understand the syndrome and are well versed in appropriate approaches to effectively create an inclusive environment for these students in the mainstream classroom. This paper explores teacher knowledge and understanding of AS while also exploring what affects their confidence in educating students diagnosed with the syndrome. Data collection pre-dated changes to the DSM-V and as such AS is used throughout this paper. A survey was distributed nationally to a random sample of qualified post-primary school teachers. The findings revealed that teachers did not appear to possess an adequate level of knowledge and understanding in relation to the syndrome. Continued professional development programmes in the area appeared to have minimal effect, with those completing programmes scoring only marginally better than those who did not (2.85%). These findings are of concern if these teachers are then expected to foster an inclusive environment, particularly when a high proportion of teachers have previously taught a student diagnosed with the syndrome and their knowledge remains limited.
- Published
- 2017
56. Psychological distress and lifestyle of students - implications for health promotion
- Author
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Deasy, Christine, Coughlan, Barry, Pironom, J, Jourdan, Didier, and Mannix McNamara, Patricia
- Subjects
lifestyle ,students ,health promotion ,psycological distress ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) - Abstract
non-peer-reviewed no abstract available PUBLISHED Not
- Published
- 2016
57. Therapists’ perspectives on suicide: A conceptual model of connectedness
- Author
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Aherne, Cian, primary, Coughlan, Barry, additional, and Surgenor, Paul, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
58. Post-primary school teachers’ knowledge and understanding of autism spectrum disorders
- Author
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Young, Keith, primary, Mannix McNamara, Patricia, additional, and Coughlan, Barry, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
59. 'It's my problem I’ll handle it': A mixed method exploration of psychological distress and help seeking amongst higher education students
- Author
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Deasy, Christine, Coughlan, Barry, Jourdan, Didier, Pironom, Julie, Patricia Mannix-McNamara, Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Research Centre for Education and Professional Practice, University of Limerick (UL), and Pironom, Julie
- Subjects
psychological distress ,health promotion ,[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,[SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,higher education students ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,health-risk behaviours - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2015
60. Parental satisfaction with early intensive behavioral intervention.
- Author
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Grey, Ian, Coughlan, Barry, Lydon, Helena, Healy, Olive, Thomas, Justin, and James, Neil
- Subjects
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CHILDREN with disabilities , *QUESTIONNAIRES - Abstract
Research related to parental satisfaction with early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) remains limited. A 35-item questionnaire called the parental satisfaction scale-EIBI (PSS-EIBI) was developed with four subdomains (child outcomes, family outcomes, quality of the model, and relationship with the team). Study 1 assessed levels of satisfaction for 48 parents with their child's EIBI program after approximately 1 year of intervention. Study 2 examined the relationship between parental satisfaction, length of child participation in EIBI, and the relationship between parental satisfaction and actual outcomes for their child as assessed by the Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program after approximately 2 years. Results indicate that parental satisfaction with EIBI was consistently high in all four domains of the PSS-EIBI in both studies. Parental satisfaction was found to be associated with gains in child functioning after 1 year of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. A theory of youth mental health recovery from a parental perspective.
- Author
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Kelly, Mary and Coughlan, Barry
- Subjects
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MENTAL illness , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *CONVALESCENCE , *GROUNDED theory , *INTERVIEWING , *MATHEMATICAL models , *MENTAL health , *THEORY , *PARENT attitudes , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Background: Mental health disorders have a negative impact on the individual, society and global economy. The prevalence of mental disorders is increasing in young people, if unaddressed, they may develop into severe and chronic illnesses. Despite this, research into youth mental health recovery is limited. The current study aims to develop a theoretical framework of recovery in youth mental health and identify what facilitates this process. Methods: Fourteen parents of children engaged with the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service were interviewed in relation to their understanding of youth mental health recovery. The transcripts of these interviews were analysed using the constructivist grounded theory approach. Results: A theoretical model of youth mental health was developed. The model provides an understanding of (a) the characteristics of youth mental health recovery, (b) the facilitators of recovery and (c) the barriers to recovery. The theory suggests that due to developmental factors youth mental health recovery occurs within the ecological context of complex social systems. Conclusions: The theory reflects elements of existing developmental and recovery research and provides a novel understanding of youth mental health recovery. This model may inform social, government and service attitudes and policy, and highlights areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. Hot Topics and Schisms in NLP: Community and Trend Analysis with Saffron on ACL and LREC Proceedings
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Buitelaar, Paul, Bordea, Georgeta, Coughlan, Barry, and ~|SFI|~
- Subjects
term extraction ,trend analysis ,community analysis - Abstract
Conference paper In this paper we present a comparative analysis of two series of conferences in the field of Computational Linguistics, the LREC conference and the ACL conference. Conference proceedings were analysed using Saffron by performing term extraction and topical hierarchy construction with the goal of analysing topic trends and research communities. The system aims to provide insight into a research community and to guide publication and participation strategies, especially of novice researchers. peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2014
63. Psychological distress and lifestyle behaviour of undergraduate university students: implications for health promotion
- Author
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Deasy, Christine, Coughlan, Barry, Jourdan, Didier, Pironom, Julie, Patricia Mannix-McNamara, Pironom, Julie, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick (UL), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), and Research Centre for Education and Professional Practice
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psychological distress ,health promotion ,[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,higher education students ,[SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,health-risk behaviours - Abstract
International audience; Poor diet, physical inactivity, tobacco smoking and alcoholconsumption are known risk factors for chronic diseaseand premature mortality. These behaviours are frequentlyreported among higher education students and may belinked to psychological distress, which is also problematicparticularly for students on programmes with practicalcomponents such as nursing and teaching. Understandinghow risk behaviours aggregate and relate to psychologicaldistress and coping among this population is importantfor health promotion.A cross-sectional survey examined lifestyle behaviours(Lifestyle Behaviour Questionnaire) and their relationshipto psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire(GHQ)1 and coping processes (Ways of Coping Questionnaire(WOC);2 among a total sample of undergraduatenursing/midwifery and teacher education students(n=1,577) in a university in Ireland.The response rate was 71% of the total sample. Therespondents were registered on nursing/midwifery(36.5%) and teacher education (63.5%) programmes. Ofthese, 53.1% were female, most were under the age of26(90.5%) and single (89.7%).Health risk behaviourswere common, including alcohol consumption (93.2%),unhealthy diet (26.3%), physical inactivity (26%), tobaccosmoking (17%), cannabis use (11.6%) and significantpsychological stress (41.9%). Females were moredistressed than males (p=0.0001). Nursing students weremore distressed than teacher education students(p=0.0027).Bivariate analyses identified strong links between lifestylebehaviours and demographic characteristics includinggender, age, programme of study and place of residence.Multivariate logistic regressions confirmed the relationshipsbetween risk behaviours, demographic characteristics,distress and coping. Compared with males, femaleshad lower levels of physical activity (OR=1.58 for females)and consumed less alcohol (OR=1.85 for males). Youngerstudents were more likely to eat convenience food(OR=1.67) than older students. Nursing/midwifery studentswere less physically active (OR=1.75) and smokedmore (OR=2.48) than teacher education students. Thosewho did not enjoy their programme were more likely todrink alcohol (OR=1.60). Compared with students whoworked full time, those who worked part-time, thosefinancially supported by their families or grant-aided hadhealthier diets (OR=0.42 and 0.35, respectively) but wereless physically active (OR=2.44 and 2.16, respectively).Conversely, students who worked part-time consumedmore alcohol than those with grant or family support(OR=2.07).High psychological stress scores were correlated with poordiet (OR=1.03), increased consumption of conveniencefoods (OR=1.04), physical inactivity (OR=1.05) andtobacco smoking (OR=1.04). Passive coping strategieswere correlated with poor diet (OR=1.55) and eatingconvenience food (OR=1.62). Those who mostly usedescape avoidance coping were more likely to drink alcohol(OR=2.13) and have lower levels of physical activity(OR=1.84). Exposure to any unhealthy behaviourincreased the risk for other risk behaviours. For examplethose who smoked tobacco had an increased risk of poordiet (OR=1.65), low levels of physical activity (OR=1.54)and alcohol consumption (OR=1.56). Cluster analysisidentified a tendency for students to cluster into twogroups: those with risk behaviours (n=733) and thosewith positive health behaviours (n=379). The group withrisk behaviours had high psychological distress and usedmostly passive coping strategies such as escape avoidance.The group with positive health behaviourscomprised students who reported a healthy diet, regularphysical activity and who did not use substances (tobacco,alcohol, cannabis).The potential multiplicative effect of these risks onstudents’ health and subsequently on their academicperformance is a concern. As these students are thenurses and teachers of the future, their risk behaviours,elevated psychological distress and poor coping also raiseconcerns regarding their roles as future health educators/promoters. Attention to promotion of health and wellbeingamong this population is essential.
- Published
- 2014
64. A preliminary investigation of the suitability of aquatics for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities
- Author
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Aherne, Cian, primary and Coughlan, Barry, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. Psychological distress and help seeking amongst higher education students: findings from a mixed method study of undergraduate nursing/midwifery and teacher education students in Ireland
- Author
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Deasy, Christine, primary, Coughlan, Barry, additional, Pironom, Julie, additional, Jourdan, Didier, additional, and Mannix-McNamara, Patricia, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
66. Experiences of Mothers in Romania after Hearing from Medical Professionals That Their Child Has a Disability
- Author
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Collins, Triona, primary and Coughlan, Barry, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. Therapists’ Perspectives on Suicide: A Conceptual Model of Connectedness.
- Author
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Aherne, Cian, Coughlan, Barry, and Surgenor, Paul
- Subjects
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PSYCHOTHERAPY , *PSYCHOTHERAPISTS , *SUICIDAL behavior , *SUICIDE prevention , *TREATMENT effectiveness - Abstract
Background: A sense of disconnection for people who are suicidal seems to be a key construct of previous literature. Therapists’ ways of encountering and understanding people who are suicidal have not been previously researched in depth using qualitative methodologies. Aims: The current study aims to develop a theoretical framework for the role played by connectedness in relation to suicide based on the perspectives of psychotherapists working in the field of suicide intervention. Method: Psychotherapists (N = 12) from a suicide intervention service in Ireland were interviewed in relation to connectedness and suicide. The interviews were analysed using Constructivist Grounded Theory. A tentative theoretical model for connectedness in relation to suicide was developed. Results: Therapists view self-disconnect as at the core of suicidality and note that toxic relationships also play a critical role. Therapeutic connection can present as a life-saving paradox for people who are suicidal. Risk of death and therapeutic endeavour may present as challenging dynamics for working with people who are suicidal. Some discussion points include the worth of self-compassion development for people who are suicidal, the rephrasing of “psychotherapy” when trying to save someone’s life and the emphasis on relationship skills for all healthcare professionals who encounter people who are suicidal. Clinical or methodological significance of this article: This article is one of the first in which therapists are interviewed about their understandings of suicide and the processes of suicide in the therapeutic space. It offers novel insights about how people who are suicidal present in therapy and what may be contributing to this presentation. The research also gives insights on the struggles for therapists working with people who are suicidal and who may be ambiguous about the prospect of therapy and connecting. The study also offers important direction for future studies in relation to what requires further discussion and exploration regarding engaging in therapy with people who are suicidal. In addition, the current study can offer previously unexplored insights regarding suicide and therapy that may have the potential to assist in future intervention for people who are risk of killing themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. Psychological Distress and Coping amongst Higher Education Students: A Mixed Method Enquiry
- Author
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Deasy, Christine, primary, Coughlan, Barry, additional, Pironom, Julie, additional, Jourdan, Didier, additional, and Mannix-McNamara, Patricia, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. A preliminary investigation of the suitability of aquatics for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities.
- Author
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Aherne, Cian and Coughlan, Barry
- Subjects
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INTELLECTUAL disabilities , *DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities , *AQUATIC exercises , *WATER aerobics , *THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Background: Aquatics is an under-researched but possibly appropriate form of activity for people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities (SPIDs).Aim: The current pilot study investigates the suitability of an aquatics programme for service users with SPIDs.Method: Four service users with SPID completed an 8-12-session aquatics programme. Front-line staff ( N = 6) were interviewed after the programme to explore its suitability. A thematic analysis of the interviews was utilized.Results: The thematic analysis unearthed main themes of effects, facilitators, barriers, strengths and needs.Conclusion: Aquatics can be an appropriate and beneficial form of physical activity for people with SPIDs, but there are many barriers to participation. Tailored programmes are required. Further investigation of the experiences of people with SPIDs in relation to physical activity is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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70. “You Can’t Help Getting into a Heap about It.” Student Stress in Initial Teacher Education
- Author
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Deasy, Christine, primary and Coughlan, Barry, additional
- Published
- 2013
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71. Issues in the prescribing of psychotropic and psychoactive medication for persons with learning disability: quantitative and qualitative perspectives
- Author
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Coughlan, Barry J., Quayle, Ethel, and Maloney, Anne
- Subjects
Psychotropic drugs ,Psychopathology ,Learning disabilities--Treatment ,Learning disability - Abstract
The administration of psychotropic and psychoactive medication for persons with learning disability and accompanying mental illness and/or challenging behaviour has undergone much critical review over the past two decades. Assessment and diagnosis of mental illness in this population continues to be psychopharmacological treatment include polypharmacy, irrational prescription procedures and frequent over-prescription. It is clear that all forms of treatment including non-pharmacological interventions need to be driven by accurate and appropriate diagnoses. Where a psychiatric diagnosis has been identified, it greatly aides the selection of appropriate medication, although a specific medication for each diagnosis, as was once hoped, is simply no longer a reality in practice. Part one of the present thesis seeks to address many of the current issues in mental health problems and pharmacological treatment to date. The author undertook a drug prevalence study within both residential and community facilities for persons with learning disability within the Mid-West region of Ireland in order to ascertain the current level of prescribing of psychotropic and psychoactive medications for this population. While many attempts have been made to account for the variation in prescribing, little systematic and empirical research has been undertaken to investigate the factors thought to influence such prescribing. While studies investigating the prescribing behaviours of General Practitioners (GP's) have illustrated the complex nature of the decision making process in the context of general practice, no similar efforts have yet been directed at examining the prescribing behaviours of Consultant Psychiatrists. Using The Critical Incident Technique, the author interviewed Consultant Psychiatrists in the Republic of Ireland to gather information relating not only to their patterns of prescribing for learning disabled populations, but also to examine reasons influencing their prescribing in addition to several related factors. Part two of this thesis presents the findings from this study and a number of issues are raised, not only in relation to attempting to account for the findings from part one of the thesis, but also with respect to implications for improved management and clinical practice.
- Published
- 2001
72. Irish services users' experiences of working with culturally diverse mental health professionals: a Grounded Theory study
- Author
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Wroblewska-O'Sullivan, Anna, primary, Coughlan, Barry J., additional, and Ryan, Dermot, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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73. Transition from Special Education into Postschool Services for Young Adults With Intellectual Disability: Irish Parents' Experience
- Author
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Gillan, Diane, primary and Coughlan, Barry, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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74. Cross-Lingual Querying and Comparison of Linked Financial and Business Data.
- Author
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O'Riain, Seán, Coughlan, Barry, Buitelaar, Paul, Declerk, Thierry, Krieger, Uli, and Marie-Thomas, Susan
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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75. Irish services users' experiences of working with culturally diverse mental health professionals: a Grounded Theory study.
- Author
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Wroblewska-O'Sullivan, Anna, Coughlan, Barry J., and Ryan, Dermot
- Subjects
MEDICAL care ,GROUNDED theory ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDICAL personnel ,MENTAL health ,CULTURAL pluralism ,QUALITATIVE research ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
This article presents the lived experience perspective of adult mental health (MH) service users of Irish origin receiving treatment from culturally diverse MH professionals. The current study applied Grounded Theory principles to explore the service users' experiences of MH service and being treated by ethnically diverse professionals within it. The aim of the research was to focus on the quality of the therapeutic process. The project is based on nine comprehensive interviews exploring the service users' experiences of their journey to recovery. Four core themes emerged: (1) treatment and recovery, (2) positive service attributes, (3) negative service attributes along with appreciation and (4) acceptance of cultural diversity. The subthemes of: positive, empowering therapeutic relationship with the service provider and trust in the expertise of the professional, regardless of the service provider's nationality, pervaded through other issues. Initial apprehension of cultural difference in relation to e.g. language was among the findings encountered. This and other results in relation to the service users' experience of cultural diversity among clinicians are discussed and suggestions for further research offered. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
76. Critical Issues in the Emotional Wellbeing of Students with Special Educational Needs in the 21st Century.
- Author
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COUGHLAN, BARRY J.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY of students ,WELL-being ,SPECIAL education ,MENTAL health ,LEARNING disabilities ,PEOPLE with learning disabilities - Abstract
Mental health difficulties in students with special educational needs (SEN) present a significant barrier to their learning. These difficulties often go unrecognised for prolonged periods of time. Recent prevalence studies suggest an alarmingly high rate of mental health difficulties in this population. Depending on the complexity of their needs, average figures range from between 40% to 60%, with the presence of the intellectual disability (ID) in itself, being a risk factor of immense significance. Ongoing clinical and research evidence points to the need for specific interventions at the earliest possible onset, based on sound objective assessment and diagnostic frameworks. Our challenge in the twenty-first century is to continue to develop our "early warning systems", and to rigorously explore, engage and evaluate the range of possible therapeutic interventions available to these young students. A further challenge is to develop appropriate preventative strategies, in an attempt to alleviate the consequences of the entire range of mental health difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
77. ‘Like walking with someone as opposed to trying to catch up to them’—Dynamics at play when clinicians and young people formulate together.
- Author
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Douglas, Laura J., Aherne, Cian, Ryan, Patrick, Coughlan, Barry, and Fortune, Donal G.
- Subjects
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YOUNG adults , *MENTAL health services , *SOCIAL processes , *PATIENT-professional relations , *SELF-expression - Abstract
Objective Design Method Results Conclusion The aim of the present study was to explore the social process of formulation in talk therapy between young people and clinicians.Qualitative semi‐structured interview study.Ten young people (male = 6, female = 4, age range = 16–23 years) and nine clinicians from various disciplines within a youth mental health service were interviewed. Constructivist grounded theory was used for the analysis.Four themes were constructed from the data; a ‘level playing field’ between young person and clinician enables formulation, formulating is a constant process of getting it right and getting it wrong, emotional expression and attunement get us closer to each other and to understanding, and ‘formulation versus diagnosis’ can create tension in the therapy room. The constructivist grounded theory devised demonstrated how the dynamics of power, collaboration, openness, and the therapeutic relationship are constantly in flux during the process of formulation.The paper presents a constructivist grounded theory which incorporates dynamics relating to power, collaboration, and openness. The importance of the therapeutic relationship is also emphasised. The theory encourages continuous and recursive personal reflection by the therapist as to how they can be optimally attuned to the dynamics of power, collaboration, and openness with young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. Annual Research Review: Umbrella synthesis of meta-analyses on child maltreatment antecedents and interventions: differential susceptibility perspective on risk and resilience
- Author
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Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J, Coughlan, Barry, and Reijman, Sophie
- Subjects
1. No poverty ,umbrella synthesis ,Resilience, Psychological ,16. Peace & justice ,3. Good health ,meta-analysis ,Meta-Analysis as Topic ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Humans ,Family Therapy ,Child Abuse ,10. No inequality ,Child ,interventions ,Child maltreatment - Abstract
Child maltreatment in the family context is a prevalent and pervasive phenomenon in many modern societies. The global perpetration of child abuse and neglect stands in stark contrast to its almost universal condemnation as exemplified in the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child. Much work has been devoted to the task of prevention, yet a grand synthesis of the literature is missing. Focusing on two core elements of prevention, that is, antecedents for maltreatment and the effectiveness of (preventative) interventions, we performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses published between January 1, 2014, and December 17, 2018. Meta-analyses were systematically collected, assessed, and integrated following a uniform approach to allow their comparison across domains. From this analysis of thousands of studies including almost 1.5 million participants, the following risk factors were derived: parental experience of maltreatment in his or her own childhood (d = .47), low socioeconomic status of the family (d = .34), dependent and aggressive parental personality (d = .45), intimate partner violence (d = .41), and higher baseline autonomic nervous system activity (d = .24). The effect size for autonomic stress reactivity was not significant (d = -.10). The umbrella review of interventions to prevent or reduce child maltreatment showed modest intervention effectiveness (d = .23 for interventions targeting child abuse potential or families with self-reported maltreatment and d = .27 for officially reported child maltreatment cases). Despite numerous studies on child maltreatment, some large gaps in our knowledge of antecedents exist. Neurobiological antecedents should receive more research investment. Differential susceptibility theory may shed more light on questions aimed at breaking the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment and on the modest (preventive) intervention effects. In combination with family-based interaction-focused interventions, large-scale socioeconomic experiments such as cash transfer trials and experiments with vouchers to move to a lower-poverty area might be tested to prevent or reduce child maltreatment. Prevalence, antecedents, and preventive interventions of prenatal maltreatment deserve continuing scientific, clinical, and policy attention.
79. What services are useful for patients with an intellectual disability?
- Author
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Coughlan, Barry, Duschinsky, Robbie, Turner, Melody, Schuengel, Carlo, Woolgar, Matt, Weissblatt, Emma, and Ryan, Sara
- Subjects
Pediatric ,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) ,3 Good Health and Well Being ,Health Services ,3. Good health ,Brain Disorders ,4409 Social Work ,Mental Health ,Clinical Research ,52 Psychology ,5204 Cognitive and Computational Psychology ,Obesity ,10 Reduced Inequalities ,44 Human Society - Abstract
It is well-known that people with an intellectual disability often face a host of health inequalities and co-morbidities. These include childhood obesity, mental health problems, and challenging behaviour. People with an intellectual disability also have reduced life expectancy. GPs are uniquely placed to advocate for and signpost these patients, ensuring they have access to appropriate support. However, it is often unclear what resources are, in reality, both available and beneficial. Here we aim to summarise some of the common inequalities and complexities when working with patients with an intellectual disability and provide an overview of some potentially helpful services.
80. Identifying and managing care for children with autism spectrum disorders in general practice: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
- Author
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Coughlan, Barry, Duschinsky, Robbie, O'Connor, Mary-Ellen, and Woolgar, Matt
- Subjects
knowledge ,neurodevelopment ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,GPs ,General Practice ,autism ,family practice ,ASD ,3. Good health ,primary care ,systematic review ,General Practitioners ,Humans ,Female ,Clinical Competence ,experiences ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,10. No inequality ,Child ,Referral and Consultation - Abstract
Many healthcare systems are organised such that General Practitioners (GPs) often have a key role in identifying autism spectrum disorders (hereafter collectively referred to as autism) in children. In this review, we explored what GPs know about autism and the factors that influence their ability to identify and manage care for their patients with autism in practice. We conducted a systematic narrative review using eight electronic databases. These included Embase and MEDLINE via Ovid, Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO via Ebscohost, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis, and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) via ProQuest. Our search yielded 2,743 citations. Primary research studies were included, and we did not impose any geographical, language or date restrictions. We identified 17 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Studies included in the review were conducted between 2003 and 2019. We thematically synthesised the material and identified the following themes: the prototypical image of a child with autism; experience, sources of information, and managing care; barriers to identification; strategies to aid in identification; and characteristics that facilitate expertise. Together, the findings from this review present a mixed picture of GP knowledge and experiences in identifying autism and managing care for children with the condition. At one end of the continuum, there were GPs who had not heard of autism or endorsed outmoded aetiological theories. Others, however, demonstrated a sound knowledge of the conditions but had limited confidence in their ability to identify the condition. Many GPs and researchers alike called for more training and this might be effective. However, framing the problem as one of a lack of training risks silences the array of organisational factors that impact on a GP's ability to provide care for these patients.
81. Experiences of receiving a peer support intervention for family members of individuals with mental illness
- Author
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McMahon, Jennifer, Coughlan, Barry, Reynolds, Deirdre, McMahon, Jennifer, Coughlan, Barry, and Reynolds, Deirdre
- Abstract
peer-reviewed, Background: Since the deinstitutionalisation movement, many families have taken on the responsibility of caring for their family members with severe mental illness (SMI). Despite being recognised as a fundamental resource, family members frequently report that the support they are receiving from Mental Health Services is inadequate. Peer support has become an integral component of the mental health care system, which is evolving towards a recoveryoriented system. However, the existing literature on peer support for family caregivers, of individuals with SMI, is still very limited. Aim: To explore the lived experiences of receiving a Family Recovery Peer Support (FFRPS) pilot intervention for family caregivers of individuals with SMI. Method: The experiences of receiving FRIENDS Family Recovery Peer Support (FFRPS), 6- session pilot intervention, were explored through Twelve in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with family caregivers who received FFRPS Findings: Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, two superordinate themes were identified: 1) “You feel all their pain” and 2) “A vital experience of growth and healing through relationship”. Findings revealed that having a family member suffer with SMI was a traumatic experience, and one which caused strain within family relationships. Findings shed light on family caregivers’ unmet needs for emotional support. All 12 caregivers reported that receiving FFRPS was beneficial. The significance of genuine understanding in the context of experiential similarity was repeatedly identified as invaluable. Analyses also revealed a sequential journey of recovery, and post-traumatic growth, across family caregivers’ narratives. After receiving care within the FFRPS relationship, and having processed their own trauma, caregivers grew in strength and became more objective. This led caregivers to replace old strategies of providing care with mutually empowering ways of genuinely supporting their SMI family me
82. Examining the effectiveness of a cognitive stimulation therapy intervention for adults with an acquired brain injury: a mixed methods study
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Coughlan, Barry, Fortune, Dónal G., Hickey, Emma, Coughlan, Barry, Fortune, Dónal G., and Hickey, Emma
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peer-reviewed, Background: My systematic review of studies addressing research recommendations of a clinical practice guideline completed within this study was used to define the most effective factors that constitute a successful intervention in current brain injury literature. Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) was deemed to be a close fit to these intervention recommendations. Based on this, it was postulated that CST would be a useful intervention to evaluate based on a current need for more streamlined, effective interventions across ABI rehabilitation services in a national and international context. Method: This research utilised a mixed methods approach to evaluate change in neuropsychological functioning, mental health and adjustment in the intervention group compared to a treatment as usual (TAU) group (quantitative phase). The qualitative phase explored participants’ experience of the intervention through focus groups. Quantitative data (N = 65) were analysed using a 2x2 repeated measures ANCOVA. Thematic Analysis (TA) was used to examine the qualitative findings in greater depth (N = 16). Results: Quantitative analysis indicated there was no significant difference in outcomes between two groups receiving two different rehabilitation approaches (CST vs. TAU). There was a statistically significant change over time (pre/post) for the intervention group on RBANS Visuospatial and Delayed Memory indices. Clinically significant change was observed for the RBANS Attention index and Total Scale score for the intervention group. Three qualitative themes were extracted from the data. Theme One: Differences in Personal Learning; Theme Two: Benefits and Limitations of a Group Intervention and Theme Three: Thinking Ahead. Quantitative findings were mapped onto qualitative themes to synthesise findings. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes between groups in receipt of two different rehabilitation approaches (CST vs TAU). However, this study prov
83. How are clinical psychologists affected by a client’s ability to adapt to adversity (resilience)?
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Coughlan, Barry, Curran, Ian, Coughlan, Barry, and Curran, Ian
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peer-reviewed, The current research project explored the research question: “How are Clinical Psychologists Affected by a Client’s Ability to Adapt to Adversity (Resilience)?” Little is known about the impact that clients have on clinical psychologists, and less is known regarding the positive impact that clients have on clinical psychologists. It has been suggested that a client’s resilience positively impacts clinicians. However, the area remains under explored. Thirteen clinical psychologists partook in this study. Semi-structured interviews explored their experiences with resilient clients. Grounded theory principles were applied to the collection and analysis of data. The results revealed four key themes: (1) Virtuous Action, (2) Psychologists’ Resilience, (3) Collaborative Crusade, and (4) Fortitude Spiral. Working with resilient clients resulted in outcomes that appear to help maintain a psychologist’s ability to continue with clinical work. These findings, the subthemes that comprise them, and recommendations for clinical practice and future research will be outlined in this paper.
84. A gendered experience of self-stigma of depression: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
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Coughlan, Barry, Greenwood, Ronni Michelle, Parkinson, Rachel, Coughlan, Barry, Greenwood, Ronni Michelle, and Parkinson, Rachel
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Self-stigma has many negative consequences for people with depression. However, there is a lack of research exploring how gender affects the self-stigma of depression. This study aimed to explore how men and women experience, manage, and possibly resist, the self-stigma of depression. Method: This study was a qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews Four men and six women were interviewed to explore their subjective experiences of self-stigma. Data from these interviews were transcribed and analysed using interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Two superordinate themes emerged from the data: 'Self-stigma: Depression as a threat to gender identity' and 'Resisting the threat to gender identity'. The first superordinate theme described the participants ' experience of self-stigma involved a loss of gender roles and a need to conceal their depression. The second superordinate theme described how participants resisted self-stigma by seeking help, disclosing to others, normalising, and viewing depression as an empowering experience. Although gender was mainly found to affect self-stigma experiences, occasionally, men and women were found to have similar experiences. Discussion: This study allowed for a unique insight into how gender affects how self-stigma is experienced by men and women with depression. The findings of this study are discussed in relation to previous literature. The limitations and strengths of the study are considered, along with implications for clinical practice, policy, and future research.
85. The lived experience of homeless people accessing mental health services – met and unmet need – An exploratory study
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Coughlan, Barry, Carolan, Rory, Coughlan, Barry, and Carolan, Rory
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Research has highlighted high levels of unmet need among people with severe mental illness experiencing homelessness. The current study aimed to explore the subjective lived experience of a sample of this population to explore their perspective on areas of unmet and met need, and to examine their perspective on engaging with mental health services in an effort to promote personal recovery. Method: A qualitative design was utilised involving the completion of semi-structured interviews with participants. The researcher interviewed ten individuals with experience of homelessness and a diagnosis of severe mental illness currently in receipt of mental health support from a specialist mental health service for homeless people. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Results: Analysis using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) generated five stages among participant narratives. These were: Tough Beginnings – A Bumpy Start; Critical Events – Losing Control of the Wheel; Striving to Survive – Seeking Help to Share the Drive; Stabilising and Healing – Finding a Safe Road Together; and Growing – Retaking Control of the Wheel. Ongoing threats to recovery via ongoing trauma, and recovery facilitators in the form of resilience are also discussed. Discussion: This study provided a comprehensive novel account of the stages encountered on the recovery journey of individuals with severe mental illness experiencing homelessness in Ireland. The findings of the current study are discussed in the context of previous literature. Implications for policy, education, practice and future research are discussed with particular emphasis on trauma-informed and personal recovery-oriented approaches to service delivery.
86. Coping and resilience in transgender individuals who have experienced transphobic hostility: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
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Coughlan, Barry, Haynes, Amanda, Cahill, Kristina, Coughlan, Barry, Haynes, Amanda, and Cahill, Kristina
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Trans individuals report experiencing pervasive discrimination, microaggressions, harassment and stigma across their lifespan. Transphobia has been identified as a key contributor to elevated rates of mental health problems and suicidal ideation among trans individuals. The aim of the current study is to gain a deeper understanding of transgender individuals’ experiences of transphobic discrimination and hate crime, and how they describe their coping following these experiences, in their own words. This research aims to explore how resilience manifests in trans people with regards to stigma and discrimination. Method: The researcher interviewed seven trans individuals. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to explore participants’ subjective experiences of transphobic discrimination and how they described their coping following these experiences. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Findings: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach was employed and revealed a number of superordinate, subordinate, and minor themes in the interview data. The superordinate themes included ‘Aftermath of Experiences’, ‘Coping’, and ‘Moving Forward’. Discussion: The research project succeeded in addressing a number of gaps in the transgender discrimination literature; providing greater insight into trans peoples’ experiences of discrimination and/or hate crime and how it impacts on their coping and resilience. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the literature, and a number of implications are discussed in the context of clinical practice, education, policy, and future research. Limitations and strengths of the study are also discussed, as well as a critical reflection on the research process
87. An exploratory study of the peer support worker role within a multi-disciplinary mental health team: multiple perspectives in an Irish context
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Coughlan, Barry, Houghton, Sharon, O'Dwyer O'Brien, Aisling, Coughlan, Barry, Houghton, Sharon, and O'Dwyer O'Brien, Aisling
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Peer Support Workers (PSWrs) are employed in mental health services with the purpose of supporting service users by utilizing their own personal experience of mental health difficulties. The introduction of a new role into an existing team or to complement an existing care pathway constitutes a complex intervention, for which systematic feasibility and piloting work in both development and evaluation are a necessity. Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore and compare the views and experiences of PSWrs, Supervisors, and Mental Health Professionals (MHPs) in relation to the employment of PSWrs in 4 mental health services in Ireland. Methodology: The overall research design aimed to collect information and draw conclusions for the future employment of PSWrs within statutory mental health services. Each participant group took part in a semi-structured interview (PSWrs: 4; Supervisors: 2; MHPs: 6) yielding a total of 12 interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted and the data compared across the three participant types. Results: Across nine topics, a total of 53 themes emerged from qualitative data. Discussion: Diverging views across participant groups, methodological strengths and weaknesses and significant implications for future directions for research, implementation and policy were discussed. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest the importance of developing clear guidelines for the effective implementation of peer support working before the role is widely rolled out in mental health settings and further research into their effectiveness be considered.
88. Clinical psychologists’ experiences of facilitating trainees’learning through supervision – an IPA study
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Coughlan, Barry, Walton, Tom, Coughlan, Barry, and Walton, Tom
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Research on supervision is a burgeoning area within clinical psychology. Existing literature has focused primarily on supervisees’ perspectives of supervision. There has been little research in clinical psychology focusing on supervisors’ perspectives, and in particular, how they facilitate trainees’ learning. The present study attempted to address the gap in the literature, and explore clinical psychologists’ experiences of supervision with trainees. Method: The researcher interviewed eight clinical psychologists from the West and Mid-West of Ireland. All supervisors had experience of supervising at least two clinical psychology trainees. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore clinicians’ subjective experiences of supervision, with a focus on facilitating trainees’ learning. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Results: IPA was the chosen methodology for this research, and the analysis revealed a number of superordinate and subordinate themes in the interview data. The superordinate themes included “Feeling the Responsibility”, “Striking a Balance” and “Letting Go”. Discussion: This study succeeded in addressing a number of gaps in the supervision literature. It provided greater insight into the perspectives of supervisors of clinical psychology trainees, and their efforts to facilitate learning. The results of the study are discussed in relation to existing supervision literature, the study strengths and weaknesses are highlighted, and a number of implications for clinical practice, education, training, and future research are presented.
89. Evaluating mental health first aid training in Ireland: a study of participants’ post training experience and helping behaviour
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Coughlan, Barry, O'Gorman, Janine, Coughlan, Barry, and O'Gorman, Janine
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: The current study sought to add to existing Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) literature by investigating the post-training experiences and helping behaviour of MHFA trainees in Ireland. In particular, this study aimed to understand the long-term outcomes of MHFA and the nature and quality of MHFA helping behaviours. The present research adopted a critical lens through which to examine MHFA experiences, exploring the impact of discourses constructing mental health and in doing so addressing a gap in the existing research. Method: A qualitative design was used to address the current research questions. Adopting a critical realist approach, previous MHFA trainees (n=256) completed an online survey gathering demographic details and brief qualitative information about their experiences. Individual telephone interviews were then conducted with 30 self-selecting survey participants (12 male; 18 female). Survey answers were downloaded online through Qualtrics. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Results: Separate thematic analysis (TA) was carried out with survey and interview data, focusing on in-depth analysis of the interview data. Survey data addressed each of the following: Reasons for doing MHFA, Previous training or professional experience in mental health, Changes experienced as a result of MHFA, and Challenges in attempting to use MHFA. Interview analysis produced 6 core themes: Helping for Mental Health Problems; MHFA Narratives & Experiences, Resources & Services for Mental health, Subjective Norms, Understandings of Mental Health, and Covid-19. Conclusions: Findings confirmed the utility of MHFA training for improving general knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards mental health problems. MHFA was found to influence helping behaviour and trainees’ confidence to provide help. Factors such as stigma, social support, previous experience and resources to support MHFA were also found to impact these outcomes. The prese
90. Exploring women’s experiences of anxiety and providing care to their babies during pregnancy and the year after birth: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)
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Coughlan, Barry, Houghton, Sharon, Gorham, Marie, Coughlan, Barry, Houghton, Sharon, and Gorham, Marie
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Research has shown that anxiety during the perinatal period is experienced by many women and indeed may even be more common than depression (Carroll, Begley, & Clarke, 2014). However, to-date there is a dearth of qualitative studies exploring this experience. The current study aimed to contribute to the understanding of women’s lived experiences of anxiety and providing care to their babies during pregnancy and the year after birth, defined in the current study as the perinatal period. Method: The present study utilised a qualitative design and used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as the methodological approach. The researcher recruited nine women with past experiences of anxiety who had given birth to their youngest child within the previous 30 months. All of the women participated in a semi-structured interview. Results: The transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and four Superordinate themes were generated: (1) Early Fears (2) Being the Caregiver (3) Needing Care and (4) Gaining Confidence. Discussion: The present study provided a rich account of women’s lived experiences of anxiety and caregiving during the perinatal period. The findings of the study are discussed with reference to previous literature, the strengths and limitations of the study, clinical implications and future research. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the need for healthcare professionals to provide more support to women who experience perinatal anxiety. It also highlighted the need for increased preparation and support for women in the transition to motherhood. Perinatal anxiety needs to receive greater attention in the area of perinatal care.
91. ‘Self compassion is dangerous’: a qualitative exploration of self compassion in an Irish primary care mental health sample
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Coughlan, Barry, Murphy, Karen, Coughlan, Barry, and Murphy, Karen
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peer-reviewed, Empirical research has demonstrated a wide range of beneficial outcomes for cultivating self compassion in people with mental health difficulties (Gilbert et al. 2010a, Neff et al. 2003b). Emerging research also suggests people can experience a multitude of barriers when attempting to develop self compassion (Gilbert et al. 2014). This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences and barriers to cultivating self compassion in an Irish Primary Care mental health sample to expand on the predominately quantitative evidence base. The sample was derived from a GP Practice in a Southern region of Ireland. Eleven participants with a diagnosis of Depression, and/or an Anxiety disorder attended individual semistructured interviews. The audio recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Template analysis (Crabtree et al. 1992). The emerged themes are as follows; Diverging perceptions: 'self pity' versus 'self promotion', Socio-Cultural Effects, ‘Emptiness' and Mental Health difficulties, Distrust: 'It's not allowed', and ‘Seeing the Colours': Recovery. The superordinate and subordinate themes are contextualised within the current literature, and the clinical implications are discussed. The strengths and limitations of the research are explored with reference to recommendations for further research.
92. Going the extra mile: a qualitative analysis of the experiences of clinicians working within the assessment, consultation and therapeutic service (ACTS)
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Coughlan, Barry, Webster, Anthony, Coughlan, Barry, and Webster, Anthony
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Residential child care has a long and ignoble history both in Ireland and throughout many parts of the Western World. A small but established field of research exists within the sector. The qualitative studies in the area tend to highlight various phenomena within residential child care while providing little context for those phenomena. The qualitative studies tend to provide more context for the phenomena and reflect the multifaceted nature of residential child care and how the answers to the questions about residential child care tend to depend significantly on who is asked.. The Assessment Consultation and Therapeutic Service (ACTS) was established to provide clinical services to young people residing in special care residential centres and detention centres in Ireland. Method: The study aimed to capture the experiences of clinicians working within the ACTS service. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 11 ACTS clinicians who are based in each of the three regional centres of ACTS and in each of the professional disciplines represented within the service. Results: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach was utilised and three superordinate themes entitled ‘The Journey’, ‘The Path’ and ‘The Passengers’ were identified under the heading of ‘Going the Extra Mile’. Discussion: The findings are discussed in the context of relevant therapeutic approaches and previous research within the field. The application of the findings of the current study to further research, clinical practice, education and policy are discussed. The strengths and limitations of the study as well as the reflections of the primary researcher are also discussed.
93. An exploration into clinical psychologists interpretation of professionalization: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
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Coughlan, Barry, Kieran, Karen, Coughlan, Barry, and Kieran, Karen
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Professionalization is said to be composed of knowledge, autonomy and responsibility. There is, however, a significant lack of research into professionalization and the field of clinical psychology specifically. The present study aimed to explore clinical psychologists' interpretation and experience of professionalization here in Ireland. Method: The researcher conducted ten semi-structured interviews with practising clinical psychologists from different teams and services across the country. The use of semistructured interviews ensured that the individual and unique experiences of each participant were explored. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was applied. Results: Two superordinate themes emerged from the data; 'standardisation' and 'Internal characteristics, alteration? Or acceptable?'. Each superordinate theme encompassed a range of subordinate themes. Relevant participant quotes were provided to support each theme. Discussion: The research project succeeded in highlighting clinical psychologists' need for standardisation in relation to a number of external characteristics of their profession. Continuing Professional Development (CPD), self-care and registration were included. While others are reported to reach a satisfactory level of standardisation, namely supervision and training. The problematic nature of autonomy, knowledge and responsibility was exposed, with only the latter two being interpreted as requiring change. The findings are discussed in relation to previous literature. The study's limitations and strengths were explored and possible future research directions named. A range of recommendations regarding policy and clinical practice were presented.
94. An exploratory study of parent experiences on the circle of security – parenting (COS-P) programme
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Coughlan, Barry, Gilhooly, Noreen, Coughlan, Barry, and Gilhooly, Noreen
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peer-reviewed, Introduction Despite global uptake of the ‘Circle of Security Parenting Programme’ (COS-P), limited research on its effectiveness has been carried out to date and implementation now exceeds its evidence-base. Dissemination of COS-P has been ongoing in Ireland since the autumn of 2016 and emerging evidence suggests it to be a potentially powerful intervention tool for enhancing parent-child relationships and addressing childhood emotional and behavioural difficulties. The primary focus of the current study was to elucidate the lived experience of parents who have participated in the COS-P and to explore potential mechanisms of change. Method The method of inquiry involved a qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine parents (eight mothers and one father) within seven weeks of completing the COS-P. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for analysis. A subsidiary quantitative investigation, involving the completion of standardised psychometric questionnaires at baseline, post-intervention, and again, following a six-month interval, was included to explore the feasibility of future hypothesis testing studies. Results Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was applied and the interview data culminated in the uncovering of six themes including ‘Seeking Help and Engaging with the Programme’, ‘Learning to be Vulnerable’, ‘Learning to Manage Emotions’, ‘An Improved Parent-Child Relationship’, ‘A New Experience of Parenting’ and ‘Evaluating the Experience’. Participants appeared to have developed more sensitive and reflective parenting practices and greater emotion regulation capacities. Participants expressed their immense satisfaction with the programme as well as its potential utility for wider audiences. Conclusion In-depth examination of parental experiences revealed that COS-P appears successful in its key objectives. Parental practices and affective change following COS-P appeared to occur through several interactive proces
95. The lived experience of a mindfulness based stress reduction intervention provided to caregivers of stroke survivors
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Coughlan, Barry, Moran, Eleanor, Coughlan, Barry, and Moran, Eleanor
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has shown to be a promising intervention to support caregivers with several quantitative studies demonstrating clinically significant improvements in psychological outcomes. However there is a dearth of qualitative research exploring caregivers’ subjective lived experience of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction. The current study aimed to explore the uncharted areas of caregivers of stroke survivors’ lived experiences of this intervention and gain a richer understanding of their perspective on its meaning and value in supporting them to manage the psychological symptoms that impact them in their caregiving role. Method: A qualitative design was used involving the completion of semi-structured interviews with nine caregivers who had participated in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in a community setting. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. The focus of the interview was on caregivers of stroke survivors’ lived experiences of the programme. Results: Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, three superordinate themes emerged from the data, each with descriptive titles: Life after Stroke: ‘I am a stroke victim as well’, Growth through Mindfulness: ‘We were invigorated by it’ and A Shared Journey through Mindfulness: ‘You just felt you weren’t on your own’. Discussion: The findings demonstrate how Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction has the potential to improve the psychological well-being of caregivers of stroke survivors and thus support them in their caregiving role. The findings also highlight the impact of group effects on caregivers of stroke survivors’ experiences of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction. This study advances the literature by providing narrative richness to studies demonstrating the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for caregivers. The findings are discussed in the context of existing literature, and the limitations and strengths of the
96. Emotion regulation parent group intervention: A mixed method evaluation
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Coughlan, Barry, Jones, Marie, Coughlan, Barry, and Jones, Marie
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peer-reviewed, Background: The importance of emotional regulation on our capacity to function in the world has been comprehensively addressed in the research literature. According to attachment theory and research, the quality of parent-child interactions has a significant influence on children’s development of emotion regulation. In fact, emotion regulation is now regarded as an essential component of effective parenting. Much of the evidence-based parent training programmes delivered universally are cognitive and behaviour based. Although these programmes do contain elements of emotion regulation and relationship skills training, the emphasis is on behavioural management. In Ireland relationship-based parent training programmes have yet to be established, and consequently the evidence base is difficult to find.
97. Lived experiences of supervision within the assistant psychology pilot scheme – an exploratory study
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Coughlan, Barry, Gavin, Jenny, Coughlan, Barry, and Gavin, Jenny
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Research has highlighted the different ways in which supervision can facilitate skill acquisition and development. It also demonstrates the impact of poor supervision processes. However, existing literature focuses primarily on experiences of trainee psychologists. The current study aimed to explore the subjective lived experience of clinical supervisors and assistant psychologists being supervised within the pilot assistant psychology scheme in Ireland. The present study attempted to address the gap in the literature, highlight lived experiences, identify what is working well, unmet needs and challenges. Method: A qualitative design was utilised involving the completion of semi-structured interviews with participants. The researcher interviewed eight individuals, four were clinical supervisors and four were assistant psychologists. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Results: IPA was the chosen methodology for this research, and the analysis revealed a number of superordinate and subordinate themes for both groups. The superordinate themes for the clinical supervisor group included “Journey of Growth”, “Sense of Responsibility”, and “Challenges. The superordinate themes for the assistant psychology group included “Good Supervision” and “Negative Psychological Consequences”. Discussion: The study succeeded in addressing several gaps in the supervision literature. It provided greater insight into the experiences of clinical supervisors and assistant psychologists’ working within the pilot scheme. The results are discussed in relation to existing relevant literature, the study strengths and weaknesses are delineated, and several implications for clinical practice, education, training and future research are presented.
98. The role of connectedness on the paths to and from suicide
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Coughlan, Barry, Aherne, Cian, Coughlan, Barry, and Aherne, Cian
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peer-reviewed, Background: Suicide is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Research targeting an understanding of the phenomenon of suicide, however, is still in its infancy. Connectedness is a key construct of suicide that has not been previously researched in depth using qualitative methodologies. Aims: The current study aims to explore the role of connectedness in the paths to and from suicide with psychotherapists working in the applied field of suicide intervention. A goal of the research is to develop a theoretical framework for the role of connectedness in relation to suicidality. Method: Psychotherapists (N=12) from a suicide-specific intervention service in Ireland were interviewed in relation to their understandings of connectedness and suicide. The transcripts of these interviews were analysed using a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach. Results: A tentative theoretical model for the role of connectedness in an individual’s path to and from suicide was developed. The model incorporated two strands: 1) the role of connectedness on paths to suicide and (2) the role of connectedness on paths from suicide. The connection an individual has with themselves was posited as the foundation for all other connections. The quality of connections and family were seen central to one’s propensity for developing suicide intent. Furthermore, the therapeutic relationship was noted as the connectedness vehicle for recovering from suicide intent. In order to develop connectedness for recovery, elements of the therapy, the client and the service required were seen as crucial to the current theory. Conclusions: Connectedness and relationships play essential roles in the trajectory of suicide. The development of positive connections can be sustaining and protective against suicide whereas maladaptive connections or a lack of connection can contribute to one feeling suicidal. The therapeutic relationship can be crucial to one’s recovery from suicide intent.
99. An exploration of helping professional’s lived experience working with child sexual abuse in a specialist service
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Coughlan, Barry, O'Connor, Stephanie, Coughlan, Barry, and O'Connor, Stephanie
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peer-reviewed, Background:. Minimal research has been carried out investigating Helping Professionals (HPs) experiences of working with children and families that have experienced Child Sexual Abuse (CSA). Furthermore, there is a significant dearth of literature examining individual processes of making sense and meaning of these experiences. The current study aimed to address these gaps in the literature through an exploration of HPs lived experiences of working with CSA in a Specialist Service (SS). Method: Twelve HPs working across two SSs for the assessment and treatment of CSA volunteered to participate in this study. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to explore HPs perceptions and experiences of working in this area. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) provided a framework for the analysis of this data. Results: Five Master Themes and several associated Sub-Themes emerged through analysis procedures. These themes included ‘Evoked and Embodied’, ‘Process’, ‘Collective Support’, ‘Contained Spaces’, and ‘Worth the Journey’. Discussion: This study provides a novel contribution to the literature in its exploration of HPs experiences working with CSA in a SS. The results of this study are discussed in the context of previous literature. Clinical and service-based implications of these findings are outlined. Limitations and strengths of this study are then presented, as well as avenues for future research.
100. Changing the client lens: giving voice and meaning to mental health clinicians’ experience of trauma informed relational care training
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Coughlan, Barry, Hurley, Paula, Coughlan, Barry, and Hurley, Paula
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peer-reviewed, Introduction: Existing research on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) confirms that ACEs are endemic in the lives of many of the people who attend and use mental health services. Although the trauma caused by ACEs is known to have enduring impacts on adult mental health, mental health services in Ireland have not taken a systematic approach to trauma-informed relational care and it is difficult for clinicians to obtain formal training in this topic. The current study therefore carried out research on clinicians’ experiences of a locally-devised, trauma-informed relational care training and how this experience impacted on their perception of self, client and clinical practice in the twelve months afterwards. Methods: A qualitative design using purposive sampling and semi-structured interview was used to explore participants’ experiences. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used as a method of analysis to give voice and meaning to eight clinicians’ experiences of training and how it impacted on their perception of self, client and clinical practice. Results: Four superordinate themes were identified using IPA. These themes were best conceptualised as a process of change or metamorphosis which included; Engagement of Self; Changing the Lens; Change in Self as Clinician; and Change in Clinical Practice. Conclusion: The study provided insight into the metamorphic process clinicians experienced through training. For clinicians to change the client lens, they had to subjectively and objectively connect with the client experience through reflection which developed empathy and mentalisation skills. This is the first known evaluation of trauma-informed relational care training in an Irish context. Implications and recommendations are discussed for clinical practice, education and future research with a particular emphasis on how the client lens impacts the relational aspect of care.
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