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51. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

Author

Hordijk, Iris, Bialic‐Murphy, Lalasia, Lauber, Thomas, Routh, Devin, Poorter, Lourens, Rivers, Malin C, Steege, Hans ter, Liang, Jingjing, Reich, Peter B, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Gamarra, Javier GP, Chen, Han YH, Zhou, Mo, Wiser, Susan K, Pretzsch, Hans, Paquette, Alain, Picard, Nicolas, Hérault, Bruno, Bastin, Jean‐Francois, Alberti, Giorgio, Abegg, Meinrad, Yao, Yves C Adou, Zambrano, Angelica M Almeyda, Alvarado, Braulio V, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, Alvarez‐Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón‐Fernández, Clara, Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Corredor, Gerardo A Aymard, Baker, Timothy, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely, Bastian, Meredith L, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Cesar, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Clar, David B, Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral‐Rivas, Jose J, Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Dolezal, Jiri, Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Ferreira, Leandro V, Feldpausch, Ted R, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Coronado, Eurídice N Honorio, Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Jung, Ilbin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M, and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Biological Sciences, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Life on Land, Life Below Water
Abstract

Aim: Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species?. Location: Global. Time period: 1990–2017. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results: Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large-scale land degradation. Main conclusions: By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest that also widespread species should be considered in large-scale management and conservation practices.

Published
2024

52. Towards a Unified Model Describing Multiple Tasks: Extending the Retrieving Effectively from Memory Model to Categorization

Author

Aytac, Sinem, Chang, Yu-Wei, Kalish, Michael, and Corral, Daniel

Subjects
Psychology, Learning, Computational Modeling, Mathematical modeling
Abstract

This study extends the Retrieving Effectively from Memory model, a prominent computational model of episodic memory, to the domain of categorization. Our modeling approach begins with the assumption that same-category items share common features representing defining characteristics of their category, and that they are encoded in the same category list context. We then assumed that category judgments occur based on the comparison of an item's averaged similarity to the exemplars from each category. We use this model to explore how the learning modes of observation and classification might influence category learning and consider several strategies that may emerge during the classification mode. Model simulation results indicate that different strategies which people might adopt during classification can either confer an advantage or pose a disadvantage in category learning. These findings suggest potential avenues for future research, particularly in exploring diverse strategies employed during learning.

Published
2024

53. Extending the Locally Bayesian Learning Model to Exemplar-Based Categorization with Continuous Features

Author

Chang, Yu-Wei, Aytac, Sinem, Mendoza Gonzalez, Cindy G, Kalish, Michael, and Corral, Daniel

Subjects
Psychology, Concepts and categories, Learning, Bayesian modeling
Abstract

The Locally Bayesian Learning (LBL) approach bridges the gap between optimal Bayesian learning and suboptimal performance that arises from human behavior. Although this learning model has considerable potential, it has been underdeveloped and has remained in its original form for several decades. In this paper, we extend the original LBL model to an exemplar approach, which we refer to as the exemplar-LBL model. Two notable features of this extension are that (a) the model can take continuous features as inputs and (b) can conduct exemplar-based categorization. We report various simulations, which show that the model can generate numerous important predictions about category learning. Additionally, we introduce the extra-learning hypothesis, which can account for how classification and observation training can produce differential learning. Our results showcase scenarios under which classification training is superior to observation training and other instances in which the opposite occurs.

Published
2024

54. The link among X-ray spectral properties, AGN structure and the host galaxy

Author

Mountrichas, G., Viitanen, A., Carrera, F. J., Stiele, H., Ruiz, A., Georgantopoulos, I., Mateos, S., and Corral, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

In this work, we compare the SMBH and host galaxy properties of X-ray obscured and unobscured AGN. For that purpose, we use $\sim 35 000$ X-ray detected AGN in the 4XMM-DR11 catalogue for which there are available measurements for their X-ray spectral parameters, from the XMM2Athena Horizon 2020 European project. We calculate the host galaxy properties via SED fitting analysis. Our final sample consists of 1 443 AGN. In the first part of our analysis, we use different N$_H$ thresholds (10$^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$ or 10$^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$), taking also into account the uncertainties associated with the N$_H$ measurements, to classify these sources into obscured and unobscured. We find that obscured AGN tend to live in more massive systems that have lower SFR compared to their unobscured counterparts. However, only the difference in stellar mass, M$_*$, appears statistically significant ($>2\sigma$). The results do not depend on the N$_H$ threshold used to classify AGN. The differences in M$_*$ and SFR are not statistically significant for luminous AGN ($\rm log (L_{X,2-10 KeV}/erg s^{-1})> 44$). Our findings also show that unobscured AGN have, on average, higher specific black hole accretion rates compared to their obscured counterparts. In the second part of our analysis, we cross-match the 1 443 X-ray AGN with the SDSS DR16 quasar catalogue to obtain information on the SMBH properties of our sources. This results in 271 type 1 AGN, at $\rm z<1.9$. Our findings show that type 1 AGN with increased N$_H$ ($>10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$) tend to have higher M$_{BH}$ compared to AGN with lower N$_H$ values, at similar M$_*$. The M$_{BH}$/M$_*$ ratio remains consistent for N$_H$ values below 10$^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$, but it exhibits signs of an increase at higher N$_H$ values. Finally, we detect a correlation between $\Gamma$ and Eddington ratio, but only for type 1 sources with N$_H<10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$., Comment: A&A accepted for publication. 15 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables. Abstract has been abridged

Published
2023

55. Moments of undersampled distributions: Application to the size of epidemics

Author

Corral, Alvaro

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Abstract

The total number of fatalities of an epidemic outbreak is a dramatic but extremely informative quantity. Knowledge of the statistics of this quantity allows the calculation of the mean total number of fatalities conditioned to the fact that the outbreak has surpassed a given number of fatalities, which is very relevant for risk assessment. However, the fact that the total number of fatalities seems to be characterized by a power-law tailed distribution with exponent (of the survival function) smaller than one poses an important theoretical difficulty, due to the non-existence of a mean value for such distributions. Cirillo and Taleb [Nature Phys. 16, 606 (2020)] propose a transformation from a so-called dual variable, which displays a power-law tail, to the total number of fatalities, which becomes bounded by the total world population. Here, we (i) show that such a transformation is ad hoc and unphysical; (ii) propose alternative transformations and distributions (also ad hoc); (iii) argue that the right framework for this problem is statistical physics, through finite-size scaling; and (iv) demonstrate that the real problem is not the non-existence of the mean value for power-law tailed distributions but the fact that the tail of the different theoretical distributions (which is what distinguishes one model from the other) is far from being well sampled with the available number of empirical data. Our results are also valid for many other hazards displaying (apparent) power-law tails in their size., Comment: Barely 9 pages

Published
2023

56. Towards a Perceptual Evaluation Framework for Lighting Estimation

Author

Giroux, Justine, Dastjerdi, Mohammad Reza Karimi, Hold-Geoffroy, Yannick, Vazquez-Corral, Javier, and Lalonde, Jean-François

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Progress in lighting estimation is tracked by computing existing image quality assessment (IQA) metrics on images from standard datasets. While this may appear to be a reasonable approach, we demonstrate that doing so does not correlate to human preference when the estimated lighting is used to relight a virtual scene into a real photograph. To study this, we design a controlled psychophysical experiment where human observers must choose their preference amongst rendered scenes lit using a set of lighting estimation algorithms selected from the recent literature, and use it to analyse how these algorithms perform according to human perception. Then, we demonstrate that none of the most popular IQA metrics from the literature, taken individually, correctly represent human perception. Finally, we show that by learning a combination of existing IQA metrics, we can more accurately represent human preference. This provides a new perceptual framework to help evaluate future lighting estimation algorithms.

Published
2023

57. Energy efficiency in Edge TPU vs. embedded GPU for computer-aided medical imaging segmentation and classification

Author

Corral, José María Rodríguez, Civit-Masot, Javier, Luna-Perejón, Francisco, Díaz-Cano, Ignacio, Morgado-Estévez, Arturo, and Domínguez-Morales, Manuel

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

In this work, we evaluate the energy usage of fully embedded medical diagnosis aids based on both segmentation and classification of medical images implemented on Edge TPU and embedded GPU processors. We use glaucoma diagnosis based on color fundus images as an example to show the possibility of performing segmentation and classification in real time on embedded boards and to highlight the different energy requirements of the studied implementations. Several other works develop the use of segmentation and feature extraction techniques to detect glaucoma, among many other pathologies, with deep neural networks. Memory limitations and low processing capabilities of embedded accelerated systems (EAS) limit their use for deep network-based system training. However, including specific acceleration hardware, such as NVIDIA's Maxwell GPU or Google's Edge TPU, enables them to perform inferences using complex pre-trained networks in very reasonable times. In this study, we evaluate the timing and energy performance of two EAS equipped with Machine Learning (ML) accelerators executing an example diagnostic tool developed in a previous work. For optic disc (OD) and cup (OC) segmentation, the obtained prediction times per image are under 29 and 43 ms using Edge TPUs and Maxwell GPUs, respectively. Prediction times for the classification subsystem are lower than 10 and 14 ms for Edge TPUs and Maxwell GPUs, respectively. Regarding energy usage, in approximate terms, for OD segmentation Edge TPUs and Maxwell GPUs use 38 and 190 mJ per image, respectively. For fundus classification, Edge TPUs and Maxwell GPUs use 45 and 70 mJ, respectively., Comment: 37 pages, 20 figures. Accepted manuscript. Published in "Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence" (Elsevier), ISSN 0952-1976

Published
2023
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58. Holographic renormalization of Horndeski gravity

Author

Cáceres, Nicolás, Corral, Cristóbal, Diaz, Felipe, and Olea, Rodrigo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We study the renormalization of a particular sector of Horndeski theory. In particular, we focus on the nonminimal coupling of a scalar field to the Gauss-Bonnet term and its kinetic coupling to the Einstein tensor. Adopting a power expansion on the scalar function that couples the Gauss-Bonnet term, we find specific conditions on their coefficients such that the action and charges are finite. To accomplish the latter, we add a finite set of intrinsic boundary terms. The contribution of the nonminimal coupling generates an effective scalar mass, allowing us to recover a modified Breitenlohner-Freedman bound. Furthermore, we compute the holographic 1-point functions and Ward identities associated with the scalar field and the metric. We constrain the parameter space of the theory by taking into account the preservation of scaling symmetry at the boundary., Comment: 35 pages. Comments and references added. Accepted for publication in JHEP

Published
2023
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59. The omnipresent flux-dependent optical dips of the black hole transient Swift J1357.2-0933

Author

Panizo-Espinar, G., Muñoz-Darias, T., Padilla, M. Armas, Jiménez-Ibarra, F., Sánchez, D. Mata, Yanes-Rizo, I. V., Alabarta, K., Baglio, M. C., Caruso, E., Casares, J., Corral-Santana, J. M., Lewis, F., Russell, D. M., Saikia, P., Sánchez-Sierras, J., Shahbaz, T., Torres, M. A. P., and Vincentelli, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Swift J1357.2-0933 is a black hole transient of particular interest due to the optical, recurrent dips found during its first two outbursts (in 2011 and 2017), with no obvious X-ray equivalent. We present fast optical photometry during its two most recent outbursts, in 2019 and 2021. Our observations reveal that the optical dips were present in every observed outburst of the source, although they were shallower and showed longer recurrence periods in the two most recent and fainter events. We perform a global study of the dips properties in the four outbursts, and find that they do not follow a common temporal evolution. In addition, we discover a correlation with the X-ray and optical fluxes, with dips being more profound and showing shorter recurrence periods for brighter stages. This trend seems to extend even to the faintest, quiescent states of the source. Finally, we discuss these results in the context of the possible connection between optical dips and outflows found in previous works., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2023

60. A relaxation approach to the minimisation of the neo-Hookean energy in 3D

Author

Barchiesi, Marco, Henao, Duvan, Mora-Corral, Carlos, and Rodiac, Rémy

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 49J45, 49S05, 49Q20, 74B20, 74G65
Abstract

Despite its high significance in nonlinear elasticity, the neo-Hookean energy is still not known to admit minimisers in some appropriate admissible class. Using ideas from relaxation theory, we propose a larger minimisation space and a modified functional that coincides with the neo-Hookean energy on the original space. This modified energy is the sum of the neo-Hookean energy and a term penalising the singularities of the inverse deformation. The new functional attains its minimum in the larger space, so the initial question of existence of minimisers of the neo-Hookean energy is thus transformed into a question of regularity of minimisers of this new energy., Comment: 15 pages

Published
2023

61. Revisiting primordial black holes formation from preheating instabilities: the case of Starobinsky inflation

Author

del-Corral, Daniel, Gondolo, Paolo, Kumar, K. Sravan, and Marto, João

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

In recent years, the formation of primordial black holes (PBH) in the early universe inflationary cosmology has garnered significant attention. One plausible scenario for primordial black hole (PBH) formation arises during the preheating stage following inflation. Notably, this scenario does not necessitate any ad-hoc fine-tuning of the scalar field potential. This paper focuses on the growth of primordial density perturbation and the consequent possibility of PBH formation in the preheating stage of the Starobinsky model for inflation. The typical mechanism for PBH formation during preheating is based on the collapse of primordial fluctuations that become super-horizon during inflation (type I) and re-enter the particle horizon in the different phases of cosmic expansion. In this work, we show that there exists a certain range of modes that remain in the sub-horizon (not exited) during inflation (type II modes) but evolve identically to type I modes if they fall into the instability band, leading to large density perturbation above the threshold and can potentially also contribute to the PBH formation. We detail the conditions determining the possible collapse of type I and/or type II modes whose wavelengths are larger than the Jeans length we derive from the effective sound speed of scalar field fluctuations. Since the preheating stage is an 'inflaton' (approximately) matter-dominated phase, we follow the framework of the critical collapse of fluctuations and compute the mass fraction using the well-known Press-Schechter and the Khlopov-Polnarev formalisms, and compare the two. Finally, we comment on the implications of our study for the investigations concerned with primordial accretion and consequent PBH contribution to the dark matter., Comment: 36 pages, 18 figures, version with extended results and discussion

Published
2023

62. Uplifting edges in higher order networks: spectral centralities for non-uniform hypergraphs

Author

Contreras-Aso, Gonzalo, Pérez-Corral, Cristian, and Romance, Miguel

Subjects
Mathematics - Spectral Theory, Mathematical Physics, Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Spectral analysis of networks states that many structural properties of graphs, such as centrality of their nodes, are given in terms of their adjacency matrices. The natural extension of such spectral analysis to higher order networks is strongly limited by the fact that a given hypergraph could have several different adjacency hypermatrices, hence the results obtained so far are mainly restricted to the class of uniform hypergraphs, which leaves many real systems unattended. A new method for analysing non-linear eigenvector-like centrality measures of non-uniform hypergraphs is presented in this paper that could be useful for studying properties of $\mathcal{H}$-eigenvectors and $\mathcal{Z}$-eigenvectors in the non-uniform case. In order to do so, a new operation - the $\textit{uplift}$ - is introduced, incorporating auxiliary nodes in the hypergraph to allow for a uniform-like analysis. We later argue why this is a mathematically sound operation, and we furthermore use it to classify a whole family of hypergraphs with unique Perron-like $\mathcal{Z}$-eigenvectors. We supplement the theoretical analysis with several examples and numerical simulations on synthetic and real datasets., Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023

63. An infrared FWHM-$K_2$ correlation to uncover highly reddened quiescent black holes

Author

Cúneo, V. A., Casares, J., Padilla, M. Armas, Sánchez-Sierras, J., Corral-Santana, J. M., Maccarone, T. J., Sánchez, D. Mata, Muñoz-Darias, T., Torres, M. A. P., and Vincentelli, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Among the sample of Galactic transient X-ray binaries (SXTs) discovered to date, about 70 have been proposed as likely candidates to host a black hole. Yet, only 19 have been dynamically confirmed. Such a reliable confirmation requires phase-resolved spectroscopy of their companion stars, which is generally feasible when the system is in a quiescent state. However, since most of the SXT population lies in the galactic plane, which is strongly affected by interstellar extinction, their optical brightness during quiescence usually falls beyond the capabilities of the current instrumentation ($R\gtrsim22$). To overcome these limitations and thereby increase the number of confirmed Galactic black holes, a correlation between the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the H$\alpha$ line and the semi-amplitude of the donor's radial velocity curve ($K_2$) was presented in the past. Here, we extend the FWHM-$K_2$ correlation to the near-infrared (NIR), exploiting disc lines such as He I $\lambda$10830, Pa$\gamma$, and Br$\gamma$, in a sample of dynamically confirmed black-hole SXTs. We obtain $K_2 = 0.22(3) ~\textrm{FWHM}$, in good agreement with the optical correlation derived using H$\alpha$. The similarity of the two correlations seems to imply that the widths of H$\alpha$ and the NIR lines are consistent in quiescence. When combined with information on orbital periods, the NIR correlation allows us to constrain the mass of the compact object of systems in quiescence by using single-epoch spectroscopy. We anticipate that this new correlation will give access to highly reddened black-hole SXTs, which cannot be otherwise studied at optical wavelengths., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters

Published
2023

64. Introducing the Condor Array Telescope: IV. A possible nova super-remnant surrounding the putative recurrent nova KT Eridani

Author

Shara, Michael M., Lanzetta, Kenneth M., Garland, James T., Gromoll, Stefan, Valls-Gabaud, David, Walter, Frederick M., Webb, John K., Kniazev, Alexei, Townsend, Lee, Darnley, Matthew J., Healy-Kalesh, Michael, Corral-Santana, Jesus, and Schmidtobreick, Linda

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Just 10 recurrent novae (RNe) - which erupt repeatedly on timescales shorter than one century - are known in our Galaxy. The most extreme RN known (located in the Andromeda galaxy), M31N 2008-12a, undergoes a nova eruption every year, and is surrounded by a vast nova "super-remnant", 134 pc in extent. Simulations predict that all RNe should be surrounded by similar vast shells, but previous searches have failed to detect them. KT Eri has recently been suggested to be a RN, and we have used the Condor Array Telescope to image its environs through multiple narrowband filters. We report the existence of a large ($\sim$ 50 pc diameter), H$\,\alpha$-bright shell centered on KT Eri, exactly as predicted. This strongly supports the claim that KT Eri is the 11th Galactic recurrent nova, and only the second nova known to be surrounded by a super-remnant. SALT spectra of the super-remnant demonstrate that its velocity width is consistent with that of M31-2008-12a., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023
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65. H$\beta$ spectroscopy of the high-inclination black hole transient Swift J1357.2-0933 during quiescence

Author

Anitra, A., Sanchez, D. Mata, Munoz-Darias, T., Di Salvo, T., Iaria, R., Miceli, C., Padilla, M. Armas, Casares, J., and Corral-Santana, J. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Swift J1357.2-0933 is a transient low-mass X-ray binary hosting a stellar-mass black hole. The source exhibits optical dips and very broad emission lines during both outburst and quiescence, which are thought to be the result of a high orbital inclination. We present phase-resolved spectroscopy obtained with the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). The spectra focus on the $\rm{H}\beta$ spectral region during X-ray quiescence. The emission line is exceptionally broad (full width at half maximum, FWHM > 4000 \AA), in agreement with previous studies focused on $\rm{H}\alpha$. A two-Gaussian fit to the prominent double-peaked profile reveals a periodic variability in the centroid position of the line. We also produced a diagnostic diagram aimed at constraining additional orbital parameters. Together, they allow us to independently confirm the orbital period of the system using a new dataset obtained five years after the previous outburst. However, our estimates for both the systemic velocity and the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the black hole reveal larger values than those found in previous studies. We argue that this could be explained by the precession of the disc and the presence of a hotspot. We found evidence of a narrow inner core in the double-peaked H$\beta$ emission profile. We studied its evolution across the orbit, finding that it is likely to result from the occultation of inner material by the outer rim bulge, further supporting the high orbital inclination hypothesis., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

66. No random transits in CHEOPS observations of HD 139139

Author

Alonso, R., Hoyer, S., Deleuil, M., Simon, A. E., Beck, M., Benz, W., Florén, H. -G., Guterman, P., Borsato, L., Brandeker, A., Gandolfi, D., Wilson, T. G., Zingales, T., Alibert, Y., Anglada, G., Bárczy, T., Navascues, D. Barrado, Barros, S. C. C., Baumjohann, W., Beck, T., Billot, N., Bonfils, X., Broeg, Ch., Charnoz, S., Cameron, A. Collier, van Damme, C. Corral, Sz., Csizmadia, Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deline, A., Delrez, L., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Ehrenreich, D, Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Fridlund, M., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Günther, M. N., Heitzmann, A., Helling, Ch., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L. L., Kopp, E., Lam, K. W. F., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Lendl, M., Magrin, D., Maxted, P. F. L., Mordasini, Ch., Nascimbeni, V., Olofsson, G., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Ségransan, D., Smith, A. M. S., Sousa, S. G., Stalport, M., Szabó, Gy. M., Thomas, N., Udry, S., Ulmer, B., Van grootel, V., Venturini, J., Verrecchia, F., and Walton, N. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

HD 139139 (a.k.a. 'The Random Transiter') is a star that exhibited enigmatic transit-like features with no apparent periodicity in K2 data. The shallow depth of the events ($\sim$200 ppm -- equivalent to transiting objects with radii of $\sim$1.5 R$_\oplus$ in front of a Sun-like star), and their non-periodicity, constitutes a challenge for the photometric follow-up of this star. The goal of this study is to confirm with independent measurements the presence of shallow, non-periodic transit-like features on this object. We performed observations with CHEOPS, for a total accumulated time of 12.75 d, distributed in visits of roughly 20 h in two observing campaigns in years 2021 and 2022. The precision of the data is sufficient to detect 150 ppm features with durations longer than 1.5 h. We use the duration and times of the events seen in the K2 curve to estimate how many should have been detected in our campaigns, under the assumption that their behaviour during the CHEOPS observations would be the same as in the K2 data of 2017. We do not detect events with depths larger than 150 ppm in our data set. If the frequency, depth, and duration of the events were the same as in the K2 campaign, we estimate the probability of having missed all events due to our limited observing window would be 4.8 %. We suggest three different scenarios to explain our results: 1) Our observing window was not long enough, and the events were missed with the estimated 4.8 % probability. 2) The events recorded in the K2 observations were time critical, and the mechanism producing them was either not active in the 2021 and 2022 campaigns or created shallower events under our detectability level. 3) The enigmatic events in the K2 data are the result of an unidentified and infrequent instrumental noise in the original data set or its data treatment., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. Language-corrected version

Published
2023
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67. The orbital period of the recurrent nova V2487 Oph revealed

Author

Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo, Corral-Santana, Jesús M., Elías-Rosa, Nancy, Gänsicke, Boris T., Hernanz, Margarita, and Sala, Gloria

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the first reliable determination of the orbital period of the recurrent nova V2487 Oph (Nova Oph 1998). We derived a value of $0.753 \pm 0.016$ d ($18.1 \pm 0.4$ h) from the radial velocity curve of the intense He II $\lambda$4686 emission line as detected in time-series X-shooter spectra. The orbital period is significantly shorter than earlier claims, but it makes V2487 Oph one of the longest period cataclysmic variables known. The spectrum of V2487 Oph is prolific in broad Balmer absorptions that resemble a white dwarf spectrum. However, we show that they come from the accretion disc viewed at low inclination. Although highly speculative, the analysis of the radial velocity curves provides a binary mass ratio $q \approx 0.16$ and a donor star mass $M_2 \approx 0.21$ M$_\odot$, assuming the reported white dwarf mass $M_1 = 1.35$ M$_\odot$. A subgiant M-type star is tentatively suggested as the donor star. We were lucky to inadvertently take some of the spectra when V2487 Oph was in a flare state. During the flare, we detected high-velocity emission in the Balmer and He II $\lambda$4686 lines exceeding $-2000$ km s$^{-1}$ at close to orbital phase 0.4. Receding emission up to $1200$ km s$^{-1}$ at about phase 0.3 is also observed. The similarities with the magnetic cataclysmic variables may point to magnetic accretion on to the white dwarf during the repeating flares., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (October 9, 2023)

Published
2023

68. Self duality in unconventional conformal supersymmetry

Author

Alvarez, Pedro D., Corral, Cristóbal, and Zanelli, Jorge

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In this work, we study (anti-)self duality conditions in unconventional conformal supersymmetry. We focus on a theory constructed in a Townsend-MacDowell-Mansouri form for an $SU(2,2|N)$ gauge connection with matter fields in the adjoint representation. We found bosonic solutions that correspond to analytic gravitational instantons with nontrivial torsion. These configurations can be regarded as the torsional generalization of the Taub-NUT/Bolt-AdS and Eguchi-Hanson metric and they are (anti-)self-dual with respect to a generalized dual operator. We explore their global properties and show that they saturate a BPS bound., Comment: v1: 26 pages, 3 figures; v2: Clarifications and references added. Accepted for publication in JHEP

Published
2023
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69. Papeles, Sueños, y Futuros: The Altermundos Literacies of Parents of the Latine/x Diaspora

Author

Melissa Adams Corral and Sarah Gallo

Abstract

In this article we theorize the concept of altermundos literacies as they are enacted by parents in transborder families. We demonstrate how these parents, participants in an ethnographic study with mixed-status families in rural Puebla, México, write speculative narratives for their children's futures in ways that reject mononational norms. Altermundos literacies involve the activation of subaltern knowledges across mononational systems and complex literacy practices across papeles to dream-into-action a future designed by and for their lives. We draw on scholars of Black, Indigenous, Chicana, and Latinx futurity to demonstrate how families' altermundos challenge educational practices across borders and dream new possibilities into being. Our findings show how families' dreams navigate constraints imposed by systems of oppression within both the United States and México to varying degrees of success. Regardless, these families' altermundos literacies are invitations for all of us to co-dream futures beyond borders. Implications for researchers, school-based practitioners, and policymakers are discussed.

Published
2024
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70. Challenges in Continuing Professional Development on Inclusion in Early Years in Spain

Author

A. Corral-Granados

Abstract

Through a school case study, this research identifies the macro- and micro-elements that influence the continuing professional development of nursery staff in a Spanish educational setting. Organizational theories are employed to highlight the professional learning experienced by nursery staff through types of learning (formal, informal, and non-formal) and organizational learning analysis (single, double, and triple loops of learning). Qualitative data was collected through unstructured interviews, observations, and document analysis and was gathered in two sessions of three months during one academic year. This study focuses on voices from the learning communities in one early year's classroom in a state school located in Andalusia, in the south of Spain. Twelve early years staffers--including teachers, teaching assistants, managerial team, and external professionals--and six parents and 24 children were observed, including two children diagnosed with special education needs (SEN). This case study shows that a dearth of essential elements such as communication and responsibility networks, a non-permeable system, and resource management policies result in a lack of capability to offer professional development to nursery staff to meet children's educational needs.

Published
2024
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71. Calibrating Costs: Do Tuition Reset Policies Affect Diverse Student Enrollment at Private Baccalaureate Colleges?

Author

Daniel Corral and James Dean Ward

Abstract

This study focuses on tuition reset policies, where colleges reduce the published sticker price by at least 5%, and in many instances, much more. We use a difference-in-differences design to examine the effect of these policies on student enrollment disaggregated by race/ethnicity and a proxy for economic disadvantage. On average, these policies do little to move the needle regarding specific racial/ethnic diversity on campus; however, we find that these institutions experience a 6.5% increase in the share of Pell Grant students following the introduction of these policies.

Published
2024
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72. Understanding Inclusive Education -- A Theoretical Contribution from System Theory and the Constructionist Perspective

Author

Anna Cecilia Rapp and Anabel Corral-Granados

Abstract

The meaning of the term 'inclusion' is often taken for granted and seldom defined. Empirical research on inclusive education is often normative since it is based on terms such as 'justice' and 'democracy'. Such terms are challenging to translate into real practice because their meanings depend on a subjective evaluation related to the time and place where inclusion is supposed to happen. Inclusive education, therefore, is challenging to explore in research and to achieve in educational situations. This article explores the understanding of inclusive education through the lens of social system theory developed by Niklas Luhmann as well as theory of institutionalism. With the perspectives underlying mechanisms that create inclusion and exclusion in schools are identified at different institutional levels. Furthermore it is shown how subsystems include and exclude, i.e. what criteria apply to the access and rejection of a system. In this theoretical contribution to understanding inclusive education, we seek to intertwine Luhmann's theory of inclusion and exclusion with the institutional theory of the social construction of reality to discuss how policy, management, teaching, student relationships, and everything within the context of education that involves communication can create institutionalised systems with mechanisms that form persistent exclusion for some students.

Published
2024
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73. Transgressive Translanguaging: Theorizing the Corriente

Author

Melissa Adams Corral and Peter Sayer

Abstract

Translanguaging in classrooms opens spaces for multilingual students to engage in learning across the full range of their linguistic repertoire. We argue that one result of translanguaging pedagogy is that it can transform the talk-for-learning in the classroom and create a corriente or flow of ideas that is more free and less constrained than traditional classroom interactional patterns. However, what has been lacking in the translanguaging literature to date is an examination of if, when, and how teacher-student translanguaging actually does disrupt the traditional interactional structures of classrooms in ways that enhance student meaning-making. This article theorizes the translanguaging corriente at the discourse level using "moment analysis" to analyze data from two video datasets of elementary-grade lessons with emergent bilingual students in Texas and México with two extended excerpts illustrating the creative and critical potential of the translanguaging corriente. Pedagogical practices facilitating the corriente are also identified.

Published
2024
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74. Understanding How Institutional Dynamics Can Contribute to Educational Inequality in Nordic Cities

Author

Eli Smeplass, Anna Cecilia Rapp, and Anabel Corral-Granados

Abstract

This article explores the institutional dynamics that contribute to educational inequality within Nordic cities. The persistent issue of social inequality in education remains a prominent challenge for the Nordic welfare states. By investigating the gaps between educational policies and their practical implementation, this study sheds light on the mechanisms that drive educational inequality. Through the application of qualitative methods, the research examines the impediments to achieving educational equity within three distinct municipalities in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The study identifies several contributing factors to the prevailing educational inequality, encompassing housing policies, urban spatial segregation, diverse principles governing school choice and marketisation, and variations in organisational models intended to promote equity. The research not only offers novel insights into the gaps between educational policy formulation and implementation but also underscores their pivotal role in both generating and perpetuating educational inequality. In the subsequent discussion, the study addresses these identified gaps and outlines their potential implications for future policy-making and practical implementation in Nordic education.

Published
2024
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75. Examining the Relationship between Hispanic Serving Community College Title III Grants and STEM Associate Degree Completion

Author

Daniel Corral and Daniyal Rahim

Abstract

Hispanic-Serving Community Colleges enroll and educate a large share of Hispanic postsecondary students. Due to work trends and demographic changes, Hispanic and other historically underrepresented students play a crucial role in shaping the next generation of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) scholars and practitioners. We use data from the National Center for Education Statistics and a difference-in-differences technique to estimate the association between federal capacity building grants aimed at improving STEM degree attainment outcomes and associate degree completion. We find receipt of a Title III grant was associated with about a 30% increase in the total number of STEM associate degrees awarded. Further, the grants nearly doubled the number of STEM associate degrees awarded to Hispanic students, on average. This positive relationship is driven by institutions receiving more than one grant. We conclude by discussing these findings and providing federal and institutional recommendations.

Published
2024
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76. 'The Least I Could Do is Get that Four-Year Degree that They Sacrificed so Much For' Undocumented Latina/o Families and the College Navigation Process

Author

Courtney L. Luedke and Daniel Corral

Abstract

Undocumented students face significant barriers in accessing postsecondary education. Previous research has focused on how individuals and schools impacted their experiences of enrolling in college. This critical qualitative study of "testimonios" with 15 undocumented Latina/o students examines how their families shaped and supported their college navigation process. Using a funds of knowledge framework, we find that parents and siblings shaped undocumented students' college choices through "dichos", or culturally situated advice. Once students attended college, many expressed a desire to give back to their parents and inspire other family members to pursue college. Students also articulated the utility of their degree as an avenue to give back to their local communities. We discuss the need for institutions to honor the collectivist orientation of Latina/o/x students and their families through recruitment and engagement efforts with these students.

Published
2024
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77. 'Va a Cambiar' - Identifying and Rejecting Border Patrol Pedagogies in a Dual Language Classroom

Author

Melissa Adams Corral, Gladys Helena Krause, and Luz Maldonado Rodríguez

Abstract

In this paper we identify, name, and operationalize six borders typically found in school settings that include dual language classrooms: bordered languages, knowledge, content areas, bodies, selves, and teachers. We identify these borders as a point of departure to show an example of how a two-way dual language classroom operated through a form of border-crossing pedagogy that respects children and reveals authentic multilingual learning. We use this example to propose that, if dual language classrooms are to truly respect racially and linguistically marginalized students, educators must engage in a practice of protest and refusal toward curricular and social violence.

Published
2024
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79. Developing Awareness around Language Practices in the Elementary Bilingual Mathematics Classroom

Author

Krause, Gladys H., Adams-Corral, Melissa, and Maldonado Rodríguez, Luz A.

Abstract

This study contributes to efforts to characterize teaching that is responsive to children's mathematical ideas and linguistic repertoire. Building on translanguaging, defined in this article as a pedagogical practice that facilitates students' expression of their understanding using their own language practices, and on the literature surrounding children's mathematical thinking, we present an example of a one-onone interview and of the circulating portion of a mathematics class from a secondgrade classroom. We use these examples to foreground instructional practices, for researchers and practitioners, that highlight a shift from a simplified view of conveying mathematics as instruction in symbology and formal manipulation to a more academically ample discussion of perspectives that investigate critically both mathematical concepts and their modes of transmission, which involve language practices, that are crucial for educating bilingual children.

Published
2022

84. Sociodemographic and obstetric factors may affect breastfeeding attitudes, self-efficacy, and knowledge in women with rheumatic diseases: a retrospective analysis of self-reported surveys

Author

Carrazco-Chapa, Anahí, Perez-Barbosa, Lorena, Cardenas-de la Garza, Jesus Alberto, Ramos-Suque, Dixon Javier, Polina-Lugo, Rebeca Lizeth, Ponce-Santillán, Mara Alejandra, Palomo-Arnaud, Karina, Rodriguez-Flores, Ana Gabriela, Corral-Trujillo, Maria Eugenia, Galarza-Delgado, Dionicio Angel, and Skinner-Taylor, Cassandra Michele

Published
2024
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86. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric patients with non-anaplastic peripheral T-cell lymphoma. An EBMT pediatric diseases working party study

Author

Moser, Olga, Ngoya, Maud, Galimard, Jacques-Emmanuel, Dalissier, Arnaud, Dalle, Jean Hugues, Kalwak, Krzysztof, Wössmann, Wilhelm, Burkhardt, Birgit, Bierings, Marc, Gonzalez-Vicent, Marta, López Corral, Lucía, Mellgren, Karin, Attarbaschi, Andishe, Bourhis, Jean Henri, Carlson, Kristina, Corbacioglu, Selim, Drabko, Katarzyna, Sundin, Mikael, Toporski, Jacek, Cario, Gunnar, and Kontny, Udo

Published
2024
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91. Gravitating anisotropic merons and squashed spheres in the three-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory

Author

Canfora, Fabrizio and Corral, Cristóbal

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We construct the first analytic examples of self-gravitating anisotropic merons in the Einstein-Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory in three dimensions. The gauge field configurations have different meronic parameters along the three Maurer-Cartan $1$-forms and they are topologically nontrivial as the Chern-Simons invariant is nonzero. The corresponding backreacted metric is conformally a squashed three-sphere. The amount of squashing is related to the degree of anisotropy of the gauge field configurations that we compute explicitly in different limits of the squashing parameter. Moreover, the spectrum of the Dirac operator on this background is obtained explicitly for spin-1/2 spinors in the fundamental representation of $SU(2)$, and the genuine non-Abelian contributions to the spectrum are identified. The physical consequences of these results are discussed., Comment: v1: 22 pages, 1 Appendix, 1 Figure; v2: Accepted for publication in JHEP

Published
2023
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92. Constraining the reflective properties of WASP-178b using Cheops photometry

Author

Pagano, I., Scandariato, G., Singh, V., Lendl, M., Queloz, D., Simon, A. E., Sousa, S. G., Brandeker, A., Cameron, A. Collier, Sulis, S., Van Grootel, V., Wilson, T. G., Alibert, Y., Alonso, R., Anglada, G., Bárczy, T., Navascues, D. Barrado, Barros, S. C. C., Baumjohann, W., Beck, M., Beck, T., Benz, W., Billot, N., Bonfils, X., Borsato, L., Broeg, C., Bruno, G., Carone, L., Charnoz, S., van Damme, C. Corral, Csizmadia, Sz., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Deline, A., Delrez, L., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Fridlund, M., Gandolfi, D., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Günther, M. N., Helling, Ch., Hoyer, S., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L. L., Kopp, E., Lam, K. W. F., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Magrin, D., Maxted, P. F. L., Mordasini, C., Munari, M., Nascimbeni, V., Olofsson, G., Ottensamer, R., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Reimers, C., Ribas, I., Rieder, M., Santos, N. C., Ségransan, D., Smith, A. M. S., Stalport, M., Steller, M., Szabó, Gy. M., Thomas, N., Udry, S., Venturini, J., and Walton, N. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Multiwavelength photometry of the secondary eclipses of extrasolar planets is able to disentangle the reflected and thermally emitted light radiated from the planetary dayside. This leads to the measurement of the planetary geometric albedo $A_g$, which is an indicator of the presence of clouds in the atmosphere, and the recirculation efficiency $\epsilon$, which quantifies the energy transport within the atmosphere. In this work we aim to measure $A_g$ and $\epsilon$ for the planet WASP-178 b, a highly irradiated giant planet with an estimated equilibrium temperature of 2450 K.} We analyzed archival spectra and the light curves collected by Cheops and Tess to characterize the host WASP-178, refine the ephemeris of the system and measure the eclipse depth in the passbands of the two respective telescopes. We measured a marginally significant eclipse depth of 70$\pm$40 ppm in the Tess passband and statistically significant depth of 70$\pm$20 ppm in the Cheops passband. Combining the eclipse depth measurement in the Cheops (lambda_eff=6300 AA) and Tess (lambda_eff=8000 AA) passbands we constrained the dayside brightness temperature of WASP-178 b in the 2250-2800 K interval. The geometric albedo 0.1<$\rm A_g$<0.35 is in general agreement with the picture of poorly reflective giant planets, while the recirculation efficiency $\epsilon>$0.7 makes WASP-178 b an interesting laboratory to test the current heat recirculation models., Comment: Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics on 31/08/2023

Published
2023

93. Infinite dimensional sequential compactness: Sequential compactness based on barriers

Author

Corral, Cesar, Guzman, Osvaldo, Lopez-Callejas, Carlos, Memarpanahi, Pourya, Szeptycki, Paul, and Todorcevic, Stevo

Subjects
Mathematics - General Topology, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Mathematics - Logic
Abstract

We introduce a generalization of sequential compactness using barriers on $\omega$ extending naturally the notion introduced in [W. Kubi\'{s} and P. Szeptycki, On a topological Ramsey theorem, \emph{Canad. Math. Bull.}, 66 (2023), {156}--{165}]. We improve results from [C. Corral and O. Guzm{\'a}n and C. L{\'o}pez-Callejas, High dimensional sequential compactness, \emph{Fund. Math.}] by building spaces that are $\mathcal{B}$-sequentially compact but no $\mathcal{C}$-sequentially compact when the barriers $\mathcal{B}$ and $\mathcal{C}$ satisfy certain rank assumption which turns out to be equivalent to a Kat\v{e}tov-order assumption. Such examples are constructed under the assumption $\mathfrak{b} =\mathfrak{c}$. We also exhibit some classes of spaces that are $\mathcal{B}$-sequentially compact for every barrier $\mathcal{B}$, including some classical classes of compact spaces from functional analysis, and as a byproduct we obtain some results on angelic spaces. Finally we introduce and compute some cardinal invariants naturally associated to barriers.

Published
2023

94. New examples of MAD families with pseudocompact hyperspaces

Author

Corral, Cesar and Rodrigues, Vinicius de O.

Subjects
Mathematics - General Topology
Abstract

We show that both $\mathfrak{ap=c}$ and $\diamondsuit(\mathfrak{b})$ imply the existence of MAD families with pseudocompact Vietoris hyperspace, substantially expanding the list of models where their existence is known. We also discuss some properties on the structure of fin-intersecting MAD families by providing some new examples of non-fin-intersecting MAD families with special properties. We show that the Baire number of $\omega^*$ is strictly larger than $\mathfrak c$ if and only if for every MAD family $\mathcal A$, $\Psi(\mathcal A)$ and its Vietoris hyperspace are $p$-pseudocompact for some free ultrafilter $p$., Comment: 16 pages. Fixed the second author's name

Published
2023

95. Computing excited states of molecules using normalizing flows

Author

Saleh, Yahya, Corral, Álvaro Fernández, Iske, Armin, Küpper, Jochen, and Yachmenev, Andrey

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

We present a new nonlinear variational framework for simultaneously computing ground and excited states of quantum systems. Our approach is based on approximating wavefunctions in the linear span of basis functions that are augmented and optimized \emph{via} composition with normalizing flows. The accuracy and efficiency of our approach are demonstrated in the calculations of a large number of vibrational states of the triatomic H$_2$S molecule as well as ground and several excited electronic states of prototypical one-electron systems including the hydrogen atom, the molecular hydrogen ion, and a carbon atom in a single-active-electron approximation. The results demonstrate significant improvements in the accuracy of energy predictions and accelerated basis-set convergence even when using normalizing flows with a small number of parameters. The present approach can be also seen as the optimization of a set of intrinsic coordinates that best capture the underlying physics within the given basis set.

Published
2023

96. Conformal Renormalization of topological black holes in AdS$_6$

Author

Anastasiou, Giorgos, Araya, Ignacio J., Corral, Cristobal, and Olea, Rodrigo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We present a streamlined proof that any Einstein-AdS space is a solution of the Lu, Pang and Pope conformal gravity theory in six dimensions. The reduction of conformal gravity into Einstein theory manifestly shows that the action of the latter can be written as the Einstein-Hilbert term plus the Euler topological density and an additional contribution that depends on the Laplacian of the bulk Weyl tensor squared. The prescription for obtaining this form of the action by embedding the Einstein theory into a Weyl-invariant purely metric theory, was dubbed Conformal Renormalization and its resulting action was shown to be equivalent to the one obtained by holographic renormalization. As a non-trivial application of the method, we compute the Noether-Wald charges and thermodynamic quantities for topological black hole solutions with generic transverse section in Einstein-AdS$_6$ theory., Comment: 25 pages, version accepted in JHEP

Published
2023
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97. Temperature and thickness dependence of the thermal conductivity in 2D ferromagnet Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$

Author

Claro, Marcel S., Corral-Sertal, Javier, Fumega, Adolfo O., Blanco-Canosa, Santiago, Suárez-Rodríguez, Manuel, Hueso, Luis E., Pardo, Victor, and Rivadulla, Francisco

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The emergence of symmetry-breaking orders such as ferromagnetism and the weak interlayer bonding in van der Waals materials, offers a unique platform to engineer novel heterostructures and tune transport properties like thermal conductivity. Here, we report the experimental and theoretical study of the cross-plane thermal conductivity, $\kappa_\perp$, of the van der Waals 2D ferromagnet Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$. We observe a non-monotonic increase of $\kappa_\perp$ with the thickness and a large suppression in artificially-stacked layers, indicating a diffusive transport regime with ballistic contributions. These results are supported by the theoretical analyses of the accumulated thermal conductivity, which show an important contribution of phonons with mean free paths between 10 and 200 nm. Moreover, our experiments show a reduction of the $\kappa_\perp$ in the low-temperature ferromagnetic phase occurring at the magnetic transition. The calculations show that this reduction in $\kappa_\perp$ is associated with a decrease in the group velocities of the acoustic phonons and an increase in the phonon-phonon scattering of the Raman modes that couple to the magnetic phase. These results demonstrate the potential of van der Waals ferromagnets for thermal transport engineering.

Published
2023

98. Stochastic trade-offs and the emergence of diversification in E. coli evolution experiments

Author

López, Roberto Corral, Suweis, Samir, Azaele, Sandro, and Muñoz, Miguel A.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

Laboratory experiments with bacterial colonies, under well-controlled conditions often lead to evolutionary diversification, where at least two ecotypes emerge from an initially monomorphic population. Empirical evidence suggests that such "evolutionary branching" occurs stochastically, even under fixed and stable conditions. This stochastic nature is characterized by: (i) occurrence in a significant fraction, but not all, of experimental settings, (ii) emergence at widely varying times, and (iii) variable relative abundances of the resulting subpopulations across experiments. Theoretical approaches to understanding evolutionary branching under these conditions have been previously developed within the (deterministic) framework of "adaptive dynamics." Here, we advance the understanding of the stochastic nature of evolutionary outcomes by introducing the concept of "stochastic trade-offs" as opposed to "hard" ones. The key idea is that the stochasticity of mutations occurs in a high-dimensional trait space and this translates into variability that is constrained to a flexible tradeoff curve. By incorporating this additional source of stochasticity, we are able to account for the observed empirical variability and make predictions regarding the likelihood of evolutionary branching under different conditions. This approach effectively bridges the gap between theoretical predictions and experimental observations, providing insights into when and how evolutionary branching is more likely to occur in laboratory experiments.

Published
2023

99. Azimuthal anisotropy of jet particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV

Author

Acharya, S., Adamová, D., Adler, A., Aglieri Rinella, G., Agnello, M., Agrawal, N., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, S., Ahn, S. U., Ahuja, I., Akindinov, A., Al-Turany, M., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfanda, H. M., Alfaro Molina, R., Ali, B., Alici, A., Alizadehvandchali, N., Alkin, A., Alme, J., Alocco, G., Alt, T., Altsybeev, I., Alvarado, J. R., Anaam, M. N., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anguelov, V., Antinori, F., Antonioli, P., Apadula, N., Aphecetche, L., Appelshäuser, H., Arata, C., Arcelli, S., Aresti, M., Arnaldi, R., Arneiro, J. G. M. C. A., Arsene, I. C., Arslandok, M., Augustinus, A., Averbeck, R., Azmi, M. D., Badalà, A., Bae, J., Baek, Y. W., Bai, X., Bailhache, R., Bailung, Y., Balbino, A., Baldisseri, A., Balis, B., Banerjee, D., Banoo, Z., Barbera, R., Barile, F., Barioglio, L., Barlou, M., Barnaföldi, G. G., Barnby, L. S., Barret, V., Barreto, L., Bartels, C., Barth, K., Bartsch, E., Bastid, N., Basu, S., Batigne, G., Battistini, D., Batyunya, B., Bauri, D., Bazo Alba, J. L., Bearden, I. G., Beattie, C., Becht, P., Behera, D., Belikov, I., Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C., Bellini, F., Bellwied, R., Belokurova, S., Belyaev, V., Bencedi, G., Beole, S., Berdnikov, Y., Berdnikova, A., Bergmann, L., Besoiu, M. G., Betev, L., Bhaduri, P. P., Bhasin, A., Bhat, M. A., Bhattacharjee, B., Bianchi, L., Bianchi, N., Bielčík, J., Bielčíková, J., Biernat, J., Bigot, A. P., Bilandzic, A., Biro, G., Biswas, S., Bize, N., Blair, J. T., Blau, D., Blidaru, M. B., Bluhme, N., Blume, C., Boca, G., Bock, F., Bodova, T., Bogdanov, A., Boi, S., Bok, J., Boldizsár, L., Bombara, M., Bond, P. M., Bonomi, G., Borel, H., Borissov, A., Borquez Carcamo, A. G., Bossi, H., Botta, E., Bouziani, Y. E. M., Bratrud, L., Braun-Munzinger, P., Bregant, M., Broz, M., Bruno, G. E., Buckland, M. D., Budnikov, D., Buesching, H., Bufalino, S., Bugnon, O., Buhler, P., Buthelezi, Z., Bysiak, S. A., Cai, M., Caines, H., Caliva, A., Calvo Villar, E., Camacho, J. M. M., Camerini, P., Canedo, F. D. M., Cantway, S. L., Carabas, M., Carballo, A. A., Carnesecchi, F., Caron, R., Carvalho, L. A. D., Castillo Castellanos, J., Catalano, F., Ceballos Sanchez, C., Chakaberia, I., Chakraborty, P., Chandra, S., Chapeland, S., Chartier, M., Chattopadhyay, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Cheng, T., Cheshkov, C., Cheynis, B., Chibante Barroso, V., Chinellato, D. D., Chizzali, E. S., Cho, J., Cho, S., Chochula, P., Christakoglou, P., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Ciacco, M., Cicalo, C., Cindolo, F., Ciupek, M. R., Clai, G., Colamaria, F., Colburn, J. S., Colella, D., Colocci, M., Concas, M., Conesa Balbastre, G., Conesa del Valle, Z., Contin, G., Contreras, J. G., Coquet, M. L., Cormier, T. M., Cortese, P., Cosentino, M. R., Costa, F., Costanza, S., Cot, C., Crkovská, J., Crochet, P., Cruz-Torres, R., Cuautle, E., Cui, P., Dainese, A., Danisch, M. C., Danu, A., Das, P., Das, P., Das, S., Dash, A. R., Dash, S., De Caro, A., de Cataldo, G., de Cuveland, J., De Falco, A., De Gruttola, D., De Marco, N., De Martin, C., De Pasquale, S., Deb, R., Deb, S., Debski, R. J., Deja, K. R., Del Grande, R., Dello Stritto, L., Deng, W., Dhankher, P., Di Bari, D., Di Mauro, A., Diaz, R. A., Dietel, T., Ding, Y., Divià, R., Dixit, D. U., Djuvsland, Ø., Dmitrieva, U., Dobrin, A., Dönigus, B., Dubinski, J. M., Dubla, A., Dudi, S., Dupieux, P., Durkac, M., Dzalaiova, N., Eder, T. M., Ehlers, R. J., Eikeland, V. N., Eisenhut, F., Elia, D., Erazmus, B., Ercolessi, F., Erhardt, F., Ersdal, M. R., Espagnon, B., Eulisse, G., Evans, D., Evdokimov, S., Fabbietti, L., Faggin, M., Faivre, J., Fan, F., Fan, W., Fantoni, A., Fasel, M., Fecchio, P., Feliciello, A., Feofilov, G., Fernández Téllez, A., Ferrandi, L., Ferrer, M. B., Ferrero, A., Ferrero, C., Ferretti, A., Feuillard, V. J. G., Filova, V., Finogeev, D., Fionda, F. M., Flor, F., Flores, A. N., Foertsch, S., Fokin, I., Fokin, S., Fragiacomo, E., Frajna, E., Fuchs, U., Funicello, N., Furget, C., Furs, A., Fusayasu, T., Gaardhøje, J. J., Gagliardi, M., Gago, A. M., Galvan, C. D., Gangadharan, D. R., Ganoti, P., Garabatos, C., García Chávez, T., Garcia-Solis, E., Garg, K., Gargiulo, C., Garner, K., Gasik, P., Gautam, A., Gay Ducati, M. B., Germain, M., Ghimouz, A., Ghosh, C., Giacalone, M., Giubellino, P., Giubilato, P., Glaenzer, A. M. C., Glässel, P., Glimos, E., Goh, D. J. Q., Gonzalez, V., González-Trueba, L. H., Gorgon, M., Gotovac, S., Grabski, V., Graczykowski, L. K., Grecka, E., Grelli, A., Grigoras, C., Grigoriev, V., Grigoryan, S., Grosa, F., Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F., Grosso, R., Grund, D., Guardiano, G. G., Guernane, R., Guilbaud, M., Gulbrandsen, K., Gündem, T., Gunji, T., Guo, W., Gupta, A., Gupta, R., Gyulai, L., Habib, M. K., Hadjidakis, C., Haider, F. U., Hamagaki, H., Hamdi, A., Hamid, M., Han, Y., Hannigan, R., Haque, M. R., Harris, J. 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2024
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100. The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD

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Acharya, S., Adamová, D., Adler, A., Aglieri Rinella, G., Agnello, M., Agrawal, N., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, S., Ahn, S. U., Ahuja, I., Akindinov, A., Al-Turany, M., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfanda, H. M., Alfaro Molina, R., Ali, B., Alici, A., Alizadehvandchali, N., Alkin, A., Alme, J., Alocco, G., Alt, T., Altsybeev, I., Alvarado, J. R., Anaam, M. N., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anguelov, V., Antinori, F., Antonioli, P., Apadula, N., Aphecetche, L., Appelshäuser, H., Arata, C., Arcelli, S., Aresti, M., Arnaldi, R., Arsene, I. C., Arslandok, M., Augustinus, A., Averbeck, R., Azmi, M. D., Badalà, A., Bae, J., Baek, Y. W., Bai, X., Bailhache, R., Bailung, Y., Bala, R., Balbino, A., Baldisseri, A., Balis, B., Banerjee, D., Banoo, Z., Barbera, R., Barile, F., Barioglio, L., Barlou, M., Barnaföldi, G. G., Barnby, L. S., Barret, V., Barreto, L., Bartels, C., Barth, K., Bartsch, E., Bastid, N., Basu, S., Batigne, G., Battistini, D., Batyunya, B., Bauri, D., Bazo Alba, J. L., Bearden, I. G., Beattie, C., Becht, P., Behera, D., Belikov, I., Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C., Bellini, F., Bellwied, R., Belokurova, S., Belyaev, V., Bencedi, G., Beole, S., Bercuci, A., Berdnikov, Y., Berdnikova, A., Bergmann, L., Besoiu, M. G., Betev, L., Bhaduri, P. P., Bhasin, A., Bhat, M. A., Bhattacharjee, B., Bianchi, L., Bianchi, N., Bielčík, J., Bielčíková, J., Biernat, J., Bigot, A. P., Bilandzic, A., Biro, G., Biswas, S., Bize, N., Blair, J. T., Blau, D., Blidaru, M. B., Bluhme, N., Blume, C., Boca, G., Bock, F., Bodova, T., Bogdanov, A., Boi, S., Bok, J., Boldizsár, L., Bolozdynya, A., Bombara, M., Bond, P. M., Bonomi, G., Borel, H., Borissov, A., Borquez Carcamo, A. G., Bossi, H., Botta, E., Bouziani, Y. E. M., Bratrud, L., Braun-Munzinger, P., Bregant, M., Broz, M., Bruno, G. E., Buckland, M. D., Budnikov, D., Buesching, H., Bufalino, S., Bugnon, O., Buhler, P., Buthelezi, Z., Bysiak, S. A., Cai, M., Caines, H., Caliva, A., Calvo Villar, E., Camacho, J. M. M., Camerini, P., Canedo, F. D. M., Cantway, S. L., Carabas, M., Carballo, A. A., Carnesecchi, F., Caron, R., Carvalho, L. A. D., Castillo Castellanos, J., Castro, A. J., Catalano, F., Ceballos Sanchez, C., Chakaberia, I., Chakraborty, P., Chandra, S., Chapeland, S., Chartier, M., Chattopadhyay, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Cheng, T., Cheshkov, C., Cheynis, B., Chibante Barroso, V., Chinellato, D. D., Chizzali, E. S., Cho, J., Cho, S., Chochula, P., Christakoglou, P., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Ciacco, M., Cicalo, C., Cindolo, F., Ciupek, M. R., Clai, G., Colamaria, F., Colburn, J. S., Colella, D., Colocci, M., Concas, M., Conesa Balbastre, G., Conesa del Valle, Z., Contin, G., Contreras, J. G., Coquet, M. L., Cormier, T. M., Cortese, P., Cosentino, M. R., Costa, F., Costanza, S., Cot, C., Crkovská, J., Crochet, P., Cruz-Torres, R., Cuautle, E., Cui, P., Dainese, A., Damas, F. P. A., Danisch, M. C., Danu, A., Das, D., Das, P., Das, P., Das, S., Dash, A. 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N., Foertsch, S., Fokin, I., Fokin, S., Fragiacomo, E., Frajna, E., Fuchs, U., Funicello, N., Furget, C., Furs, A., Fusayasu, T., Gaardhøje, J. J., Gagliardi, M., Gago, A. M., Gallio, M., Galvan, C. D., Gangadharan, D. R., Ganoti, P., Garabatos, C., García Chávez, T., Garcia-Solis, E., Garg, K., Gargiulo, C., Garner, K., Gasik, P., Gauger, E. F., Gautam, A., Gay Ducati, M. B., Germain, M., Ghosh, C., Giacalone, M., Giubellino, P., Giubilato, P., Glaenzer, A. M. C., Glässel, P., Glimos, E., Goh, D. J. Q., Gonzalez, V., González-Trueba, L. H., Gorgon, M., Gotovac, S., Grabski, V., Graczykowski, L. K., Grecka, E., Grelli, A., Grigoras, C., Grigoriev, V., Grigoryan, S., Grosa, F., Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F., Grosso, R., Grund, D., Guardiano, G. G., Guernane, R., Guilbaud, M., Gulbrandsen, K., Gündem, T., Gunji, T., Guo, W., Gupta, A., Gupta, R., Gyulai, L., Habib, M. K., Hadjidakis, C., Haider, F. U., Hamagaki, H., Hamdi, A., Hamid, M., Han, Y., Hannigan, R., Haque, M. R., Harris, J. 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