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The reaction between 2‐[2‐(aminoethyl)amino]ethanol and pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde in a 1:2 molar ratio affords a mixture containing 2‐({2‐[(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylidene)amino]ethyl}amino)ethanol (PMAE) and 2‐[2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)oxazolidin‐3‐yl]‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylidene)ethanamine (POPME). Treatment of this mixture with copper(II) chloride or cadmium(II) chloride gave trichlorido[(2‐hydroxyethyl)({2‐[(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylidene)amino]ethyl})azanium]copper(II) monohydrate, [Cu(C10H16N3O)Cl3]·H2O or [Cu(HPMAE)Cl3]·H2O, 1, and dichlorido{2‐[2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)oxazolidin‐3‐yl]‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylidene)ethanamine}cadmium(II), [CdCl2(C16H18N4O)] or [CdCl2(POPME)], 2, which were characterized by elemental analysis, FT–IR, Raman and 1H NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. PMAE is potentially a tetradentate N3O‐donor ligand but coordinates to copper here as an N2 donor. In the structure of 1, the geometry around the Cu atom is distorted square pyramidal. In 2, the Cd atom has a distorted octahedral geometry. In addition to the hydrogen bonds, there are π–π stacking interactions between the pyridine rings in the crystal packing of 1 and 2. The ability of PMAE, POPME and 1 to interact with ten selected biomolecules (BRAF kinase, CatB, DNA gyrase, HDAC7, rHA, RNR, TrxR, TS, Top II and B‐DNA) was investigated by docking studies and compared with doxorubicin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metal Materials & Engineering is the property of Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of KCl/CuCl2 molar ratios from 0 to 2.5 in the СuCl2–KCl catalyst (support) on its activity in the Deacon reaction was studied by a gradientless method in a temperature range of 350–425°C. The essential role of the hydration processes of the salt catalyst components in the homogenization of a reaction layer was established. The experiments did not contradict the previously proposed reaction kinetics and mechanism. A possible explanation of the experimental results was given based on the polarization representations used earlier in the reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous carbon material has been widely used as the electrode material for supercapacitor owing to distinctive advantages of high electrical conductivity, low cost and availability at ease. In this study, rice‐husk‐derived porous carbon (RHPC) is successfully prepared by employing a new activation agent copper chloride (CuCl2). The morphology and porous structure of RHPC are characterized by scanning electron microscope and N2 adsorption/desorption. The electrochemical performances of RHPC are investigated by alvanostatic charge‐discharge, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The RHPC possesses high porosity and large specific surface area. When used as supercapacitor electrode materials, RHPC exhibits high specific capacitance of 165.23 F⋅g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A⋅g−1, excellent cycle stability and noticeable high‐rate capacity of 151.69 F⋅g−1 even at a high current density of 20 A⋅g−1. More importantly, the preparation of this CuCl2 activator is facile and low‐cost. Besides, the recyclability meet the requirements of environmental concerns. A general method has been developed to prepare hierarchical porous carbon from biomass for supercapacitor applications. The CuCl2 activator convert the precursor into porous structure by etching carbon materials through a redox reaction The rice‐huck‐derived porous carbon (RHPC) possess hierarchical porous structure combined with micropores, mesopores and macropores, preserving the original excellent structure of RH. In additional, yielded RHPC with high specific capacitance,noticeable rate performance and long‐term cycle stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights • Report of the Raman active modes of anhydrous and hydrated copper chloride at room temperature. • In situ investigation of the dehydration process by Raman spectroscopy and thermal analysis. • Confirmation of the reversible hydrated to anhydrous transition by thermal analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Abstract In the present work, we analyzed the multiferroic material copper chloride in its anhydrous (CuCl 2) and dihydrated (CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O) forms, monitoring its thermal behavior by Raman scattering spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The vibrational modes characteristic of the Raman spectrum at room temperature of the two phases are discussed. It was possible to confirm the transition from the orthorhombic phase of the copper chloride dihydrate to the monoclinic phase of copper chloride anhydrous by means of these two techniques. An analysis of the thermal behavior of the vibrational modes obtained by Raman spectroscopy allows us to infer the structural changes between the two phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a mixed tert-butanol-chlorobenzene (9 : 1 vol) solution, the consumption of oxygen by a styrene oxide-aniline-copper(II) chloride ternary system is studied. For the first time, the formation of free radical particles is detected in copper(II) salt-catalyzed reaction of styrene oxide with the amine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoalexins are antimicrobial plant metabolites elicited by microbial attack or abiotic stress. We investigated phytoalexin profiles after foliar abiotic elicitation in the crucifer Barbarea vulgaris and interactions with the glucosinolate-myrosinase system. The treatment for abiotic elicitation was a foliar spray with CuCl 2 solution, a usual eliciting agent, and three independent experiments were carried out. Two genotypes of B. vulgaris (G-type and P-type) accumulated the same three major phytoalexins in rosette leaves after treatment: phenyl-containing nasturlexin D and indole-containing cyclonasturlexin and cyclobrassinin. Phytoalexin levels were investigated daily by UHPLC-QToF MS and tended to differ among plant types and individual phytoalexins. In roots, phytoalexins were low or not detected. In treated leaves, typical total phytoalexin levels were in the range 1–10 nmol/g fresh wt. during three days after treatment while typical total glucosinolate (GSL) levels were three orders of magnitude higher. Levels of some minor GSLs responded to the treatment: phenethylGSL (PE) and 4-substituted indole GSLs. Levels of PE, a suggested nasturlexin D precursor, were lower in treated plants than controls. Another suggested precursor GSL, 3-hydroxyPE, was not detected, suggesting PE hydrolysis to be a key biosynthetic step. Levels of 4-substituted indole GSLs differed markedly between treated and control plants in most experiments, but not in a consistent way. The dominant GSLs, glucobarbarins, are not believed to be phytoalexin precursors. We observed statistically significant linear correlations between total major phytoalexins and the glucobarbarin products barbarin and resedine, suggesting that GSL turnover for phytoalexin biosynthesis was unspecific. In contrast, we did not find correlations between total major phytoalexins and raphanusamic acid or total glucobarbarins and barbarin. In conclusion, two groups of phytoalexins were detected in B. vulgaris , apparently derived from the GSLs PE and indol-3-ylmethylGSL. Phytoalexin biosynthesis was accompanied by depletion of the precursor PE and by turnover of major non-precursor GSLs to resedine. This work paves the way for identifying and characterizing genes and enzymes in the biosyntheses of phytoalexins and resedine. [Display omitted] • Identical phytoalexin profiles detected after abiotic elicitation in two genotypes of Barbarea vulgaris. • Barbarea vulgaris produces the phytoalexins nasturlexin D, cyclonasturlexin and cyclobrassinin. • Levels of phenethylglucosinolate are depleted during accumulation of a derived phytoalexin. • Levels of the glucosinolate product barbarin depend on phytoalexin levels, not on glucobarbarin levels. • Levels of the down-stream glucosinolate product resedine strongly depend on phytoalexin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and selective copper(II) chloride-mediated monochlorination of anilines and nitrogen-containing heterocycles has been developed. Stirring a mixture of aniline, copper(II) chloride, lithium chloride in EtOH under reflux condition produced 4-chloroaniline with high yield. Eighteen substrates including substituted anilines, N-substituted anilines, N,N-disubstituted anilines, 5-nitroindole and carbazole were all reactive and afforded desired products in moderate to excellent yields (52%-98%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal for Mechanical & Materials Engineering is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Novel hollow graphene flowers (HGFs) are synthesized by a Cu‐assisted chemical vapor deposition. Multilayer graphene films and vertical‐oriented graphene nanosheets are grown on hollow silica spheres successively by controlling the CH4/H2 flow and growth time. After graphene growth, HSS templates are removed to achieve HGFs. The π‐conjugated systems and unique morphology of HGFs lead to apparent adsorption ability for dyes and phenol molecules. This work provides a facile way to produce unique hollow structure graphene with massive edges for different applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two, 120-d, experiments were conducted to determine the effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys), added Cu (tribasic copper chloride, Intellibond C; Micronutrients, Inc., Indianapolis, IN), and duration of Cu supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality in finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 1,248 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 29.0 kg) were allotted to one of six dietary treatments, balanced on average pen weight in a randomized complete-block design with 26 pigs per pen and eight replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial with main effects of SID Lys (85, 92.5, and 100% of the estimated requirement) and added Cu (0 or 150 mg/kg). There were no Cu × SID Lys interactions observed for growth performance or liver Cu concentrations. Increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P < 0.05) ADG, feed efficiency (G:F), final weight, and HCW. Pigs fed 150 mg/kg added Cu had marginally increased (P < 0.10) ADG, G:F, and final weight. Liver Cu concentrations were greater (P = 0.001) in pigs fed added Cu. A marginal Cu × Lys interaction (P = 0.052) was observed for jowl fat iodine value (IV) as increasing SID Lys in pigs fed added Cu increased IV, but decreased IV in pigs not fed added Cu. For Exp. 2, 1,267 pigs (PIC 337 × 1,050; initially 26.4 kg) were allotted to one of eight dietary treatments arranged in a split-plot design. Whole-plot treatments included SID Lys (92.5 or 100% of the estimated requirement) and within each Lys level, there was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with either 0 or 150 mg/kg added Cu and two feeding durations (60 or 120 d). Added Cu did not affect growth performance. Pigs fed 100% of the SID Lys requirement had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, and final weight compared with those fed 92.5%. A Cu × SID Lys interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for carcass yield and backfat depth. Pigs fed 92.5% SID Lys had increased carcass yield and decreased backfat depth with added Cu; however, pigs fed 100% SID Lys had decreased carcass yield and increased backfat depth with added Cu. Hot carcass weight was increased (P < 0.05) by feeding 100% SID Lys and was marginally (P < 0.10) increased by adding Cu to the diets. In summary, the growth response to added Cu was inconsistent between experiments; however, increasing SID Lys improved growth performance and carcass characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental studies on Hg 0 removal by CuCl 2 modified magnetospheres (Cu 6 –MF) injection were performed in an entrained flow reactor system. The factors affecting the Hg 0 removal efficiency were investigated, including the initial Hg 0 concentration, sorbent concentration in flue gas, sorbent particle size, sorbent residence time in flue gas, and flue gas temperature. The results indicated that, as the raise of initial Hg 0 concentration, the Hg 0 removal efficiency increased. The Hg 0 removal efficiency also increased with the increase of sorbent residence time and sorbent concentration in flue gas. When the residence time was 1.61 s and the sorbent concentration was 1.09 g/m 3 , the Hg 0 removal efficiency could reach to 80.6%. However, with the further increase of residence time and sorbent concentration, the Hg 0 removal efficiency did not increase continuously. The smaller particle size was favorable for the Hg 0 removal. In the industrial application, the particle size could be selected as 45–74 μm when comprehensively considering the Hg 0 removal efficiency, the cost of sorbent preparation, and other factors. The acid flue gases have negligible impacts on Hg 0 removal, while moisture plays a slightly negative role in Hg 0 removal under SFG atmosphere. With the superior Hg 0 removal performance, the Cu 6 –MF sorbent may presents great potentials for Hg 0 removal in coal-fired power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solubility of copper(II) chloride at 25°C in binary organic solvents consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and 1,4-dioxane was determined by the isothermal saturation method. The shape of solubility isotherms for all ternary systems under study is connected with the structural type of formed copper chloride solvates, the composition of which is defined by the solvent donor number. Solvates crystallize predominantly, where the metal ion coordinates molecules of the solvent with a greater donor power. The temperature increase in the system CuCl2-dimethylacetamide-dioxane up to 50°C leads to the formation of the cluster compound [Cu4Cl6O(DMA)4]; its structure was determined by the X-ray structural analysis method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous rhodium-copper chloride catalysts for gas-phase oxidation processes were prepared via the cold impregnation of γ-Al2O3 with aqueous RhCl3 and CuCl2 solutions. Heptafluorobutyric or pentafluorobenzoic acids were additionally deposited onto these catalysts to simulate the action of homogeneous rhodium-copper chloride catalytic systems in the coupled alkane-carbon monoxide oxidation reaction. The catalysts were studied in the reactions of carbon monoxide oxidation and coupled propane-CO oxidation with dioxygen by diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The obtained data indicate the probable transfer of electrons between rhodium and copper compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Pd/CuCl 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst of high activity (up to 87%) and of sulfur-poisoning resistance to SO 2 as high as 10,000 ppm was designed for the selective catalytic oxidation of Hg 0 for the first time. It was found that Pd and CuCl 2 function as active sites of Hg 0 adsorption and HCl activation, respectively. The combination of these two phases could improve the regeneration and migration of active chlorine, hinder the simultaneously competitive adsorption of Hg 0 and SO 2 on the active sites of CuCl 2 and reduce the production and accumulation of sulfates, such as CuSO 4 . These mechanisms contributed to the outstanding catalytic performance of Pd/CuCl 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new, powerful and recyclable copper catalyst were prepared by heterogenization of copper chloride using of Fe3O4 nano particles modified with citric acid as a linker. This system can catalyze reduction of nitroaren compound to aniline derivatives in the presence of Sodium borohydride as a reduction agent in moderate to good yields. In addition, easy separation and recoverable with an external permanent magnet is the dominant properties of this catalyst (Cu2+-CA@Fe3O4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decellularised tissue allografts have been used in reconstructive surgical applications and transplantation for many years. Some of the current methods of sterilisation have a detrimental effect on the tissue graft structure and function. The anti-microbial activity of cupric ions and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are well known however their combined application is not currently utilised as a decontamination agent in the tissue banking world sector. The aim of this study was to determine the combined concentrations of copper chloride (CuCl2) and H2O2 that have the optimal bactericidal and sporicidal activity on decellularised (dCELL) human dermis. The first part of this study established the decimal reduction time (D-value) of CuCl2 (0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L) together with H2O2 (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis spores. The second part of this study identified the most effective CuCl2 and H2O2 concentration that decontaminated dCELL human dermis inoculated with these pathogens. Of all the concentrations tested, 0.1 mg/L CuCl2 in combination with 1% H2O2 had the shortest D-value; S. epidermidis D = 3.15 min, E. coli D = 2.62 min and B. subtilis spores D = 18.05 min. However when adsorbed onto dCELL dermis, S. epidermidis and E. coli were more susceptible to 1 mg/L CuCl2 together with 0.5% H2O2. These studies show promise of CuCl2-H2O2 formulations as potential sterilants for decellularised dermal allografts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chloro-bridged dimeric copper(I) complex with the ambiphilic phosphinoborane ligand tBu 2PCH2BPh2 is reported. The molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing a secondary η1-C interaction of the ligand with the metal center. The complex exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to UV light at 366 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous carbon aerogels (MCA) synthesized via aqueous polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde were modified by copper chloride and applied for adsorption removal of elemental mercury (Hg0) at a low temperature. The sorbents were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The results show that CuCl2-modified MCA exhibited good ability for Hg0 adsorption in the 40⁻160 °C temperature range, with Hg0 removal efficiency all above 95.0%. The Hg0 removal efficiency first increased and then decreased with the elevation of reaction temperature. It performed optimally at 80 °C with the highest Hg0 removal efficiency of 98.7%. XPS results indicate that covalent chlorines (C-Cl groups) play an important role in elemental mercury adsorption process. Hg0 is firstly captured in the form of oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and then reacts with C-Cl groups to form HgCl2.

Several modified adsorbents were developed by impregnating palygorskite (Pal) with the active substances CuCl 2 , CuBr 2 , NaBr, sulfur (S), MnO 2 and Co 3 O 4 , which were used to conduct experiments via a bench-scale fixed-bed reactor system in simulated flue gas for evaluating their elemental mercury removal capacity. In addition, a variety of characterization methods were applied to understand the physicochemical properties of these adsorbents. Furthermore, adsorbents, namely, CuCl 2 /CuBr 2 -impregnated Pal (Cu-Pal), were chosen for deep exploration under various gas conditions. The results showed that the mercury removal capability of Pal was greatly improved after impregnation. At 120 °C in pure N 2 , the mercury removal efficiency of the adsorbents modified by CuCl 2 and CuBr 2 could reach 90.9% and 95.2%, respectively, while it could be > 80% for the adsorbents modified by the others. The overall trend showed that O 2 and HCl were beneficial to increasing the mercury removal efficiency of Cu-Pal. To be specific, for CuCl 2 -Pal and CuBr 2 -Pal, when adding in 8% O 2 , their efficiencies could be increased by 6.6% and 1.9% respectively, while 50 ppm HCl increased their efficiencies by 2.8% and 2.1%, respectively. Different from O 2 and HCl, SO 2 and NO had negative effects. The removal efficiencies could be reduced by 6.5% for CuCl 2 -Pal and 4.7% for CuBr 2 -Pal with 1200 ppm SO 2 , while they could be reduced by 4.2% and 2.6% with 300 ppm NO. Compared with CuCl 2 -Pal, CuBr 2 -Pal performed better. Combined with the characterization results, Cu 2 + was reduced to Cu + and halogen migrated into new compounds on the surface of Cu-Pal after reaction. Eventually, the mercury removal mechanism of Cu-Pal was analysed and proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A practical copper-catalyzed N-arylation of NH-containing heterocycles with arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates has been developed using CuCl as catalyst and K2CO3 as additive under ligand-free conditions. This reaction system has wide substrate scope including imides, 1H-pyrazole, 1H-tetrazoles, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, and related sulfonamides and gives moderate to excellent yields (up to 95%) of the desired products. This strategy is very general, simple, environmentally friendly, and tolerant of oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of metal exchange between Cd(II) octa(4-bromophenyl)porphyrinate with СuCl and ZnCl in DMFA and DMSO is studied by means of spectrophotometry. The kinetic parameters of the metal exchange reaction are calculated, a stoichiometric reaction mechanism is proposed. The effect the natures of the solvent, salt solvate, and the chemical modification of tetrapyrrole macrocycle have on the kinetic parameters of the metal exchange reaction are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research results of luminescent and excitation spectra of potassium-alumina-borate glass with copper and chlorine ions luminescence are submitted. It is shown, that before the heat treatment glass luminescence is connected with molecular clusters Cun (n < 10). The broadband luminescence in the visible spectral region, appearing after the heat treatment, is due to the appearance of (CuCl)n and (Cu2O)n molecular clusters in glass matrix.