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Pleojassa moorei n. sp. ( Figs 22���24) Description of male. Holotype: Length 4.0 mm. Antenna 1: missing. (Male, 3.4 mm, not type, CMN IZ1989-013, antenna 2 overlapped by antenna 1 to midway along article 5). Antenna 2: article 5 bearing a few simple setae only, these about as long as those of the female; flagellum 3 articles, article 1 75% of full flagellum length. Mandible: palp articles 2 and 3 without a dorsal fringe of setae; raker spines 3 right, 4 left. Gnathopod 1: coxal margins, anterior 92% of dorsal length; ventral margin straight; basis, anterior and posterior margins each with a single seta distally; carpus, length 80% of propodus length, posterior lobe 47% of anterior margin length, without an anterodistal setal cluster; propodus, palm convex, one defining spine slightly proximal of centre. Gnathopod 2: coxal margins, anterior 65% and posterior 61% of ventral length, ventral margin sinuous; carpus 1/4 the length of propodus; propodus with 2 hinge teeth, palm sparsely setose throughout, defined by a single spine, this not associated with a discrete thumb-like extension from the palm. Pereopod 3: basis slender, anterior margin shallowly convex; merus, anterior margin setose only distally, article width two thirds of length; carpus a third overlapped by the merus; propodus width 44% of length. Pereopods 5���7: slender, setae and spines sparse, basis not posterodistally produced, anterior margin with a few short setae; merus, posterior margin not spinose. Uropod 1: peduncle, posteroventral spinous process underlying 88% of the inner ramus, inner and outer rami with 1 and 3 mid-dorsal spines respectively. Uropod 2: peduncle, posteroventral spinous process underlying 21% of the inner ramus. Uropod 3: inner ramus not mid-dorsally spinose. Condition. Without antennae 1, right antenna 2 or left pereopod 3. Remaining right appendages, telson and mouthparts slide mounted. Remaining left appendages with the carcass. Description of adult female. Allotype: Length 4.25 mm. Character states as in the male except as follows. Antenna 2: only slightly longer than antenna 1, article 5 without plumose setae, simple filter setae about twice the length of those of the comparably sized male. Gnathopod 2: propodus without a hinge tooth, palm 40% of the posterior margin, setae not so dense as to obscure the palm���s shape. Condition. Without antennae 1 and right pereopod 6. Right antenna 2 and gnathopod 2 slide mounted. Other appendages with the carcass. Variation. Maximum body length: male 4.0 mm, female 4.5 mm. Examination of 8 males and 8 females from the type collection showed no variation in the antenna 1 accessory flagellum with consistently 3 articles. No thumb is produced on the propodus of gnathopod 2 to indicate the sexual state of males as in Jassa (Borowsky, 1985). However, there is some indication of adulthood in the larger antenna 2 and propodus of the gnathopod 2 as well as a longer palm and more pronounced hinge tooth in the male than in the female of similar body length (Figs 22 and 23). Type material examined. Holotype, ♂, Billie Rocks, Signy Island, South Orkney Islands (60��43��S, 45��38��W), 4 March 1965, M. H. Thurston, coll., 3.1���3.4 m depth, diver collection of Lithothamnia, Desmarestia anceps, D. chordalis, Ascoseira mirabilis, Rhodophyceae, Porifera, and Polyzoa off solid rock inclined at 65�� (NHM, registration no. 1987:511, station no. 13(244)). Allotype, ♀, same location (NHM, registration no. 1987:512). Paratypes, ~ 200 specimens, same location (NHM, registration no. 1969:768 (pt.)). Other material examined. (excluded from type series): South Georgia: no. 10427, (54��30��58��S, 36��0��45��W), K. von den Steinen, coll., 16 January 1884, 1 juvenile (ZMH K-28907). South Orkney Islands: 38 collections from Billie Rocks, Berntsen Point, Outer Islet and Paal Harbour, Signy Island, Dec.��� July 1964 and Feb.���Mar. 1965, ~1350 specimens (NHM stations 9���12, 15���26, 30, 32���35, 40, 46���49, 54). Etymology. In appreciation of Dr. Geoff Moore���s contributions to our knowledge of the systematics, ecology and behaviour of amphipods and of his assistance in locating specimens for this study. Remarks. Table 4 summarizes obvious differences between P. moorei and P. lowryi. Thurston (1974b) collected 2,912 specimens at 29 stations on Signy Island and named this species Jassa falcata form 3. The additional collections examined here were split collections from the same station., Published as part of Conlan, Kathleen E., 2021, New genera for species of Jassa Leach (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and their relationship to a revised Ischyrocerini, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4921 (1) on pages 39-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4921.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4496015, {"references":["Borowsky, B. (1985) Differences in reproductive behavior between two male morphs of the amphipod crustacean Jassa falcata Montagu. Physiological Zoology, 58, 497 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / physzool. 58.5.30158577","Thurston, M. H. (1974 b) The Crustacea Amphipoda of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, 71, 1 - 133."]}

Pleojassa multidentata (Schellenberg, 1931) (Fig. 27) Jassa multidentata Schellenberg, 1931, 251–253, Fig. 131; J. L. Barnard, 1958, 85; Lowry & Bullock, 1976, 75. Description of male. (Not type; MfN 22.962, South Georgia, Swedish Antarctic Expedition): Length 8.0 mm. Antenna 2: overlapped by antenna 1 to midway along article 5; antenna 2, article 5 bearing simple setae only, these less than half the length of those of the female; flagellum 3 articles, article 1 86% of full flagellum length. Mandible: palp articles 2 and 3 without a dorsal fringe of setae; raker spines 4 right, 6 left. Gnathopod 1: coxal margins, anterior 110% of dorsal length, ventral margin shallowly concave; basis, anterior and posterior margins not setose; carpus, length 75% of propodus length, posterior lobe 49% of anterior margin length, anterodistal setal cluster short, 18% of the anterior margin; propodus, palm convex, defining spine central. Gnathopod 2: coxal margins, anterior 30% and posterior 72% of ventral length, ventral margin convex and slightly sinuous; carpus less than 1/4 the length of propodus, posterior lobe with a short distal seta; propodus, hinge tooth large, conical, not bifid, palmar setae sparse throughout, thumb 30% of article length, distally squared, tip with a minute defining spine, both inner and outer margins setose, posterior margin straight. Pereopod 3: coxa, greatest depth posterior of centre; basis, anterior margin shallowly concave; merus, anterior margin with 2 clusters of setae, these setae shorter than article width, article width 95% of length; carpus 49% overlapped by the merus; propodus, width 36% of length. Pereopods 5–7: setae and spines moderately abundant, basis posterodistally produced, anterior margin spinose; merus, posterior margin not spinose. Uropod 1: peduncle, posteroventral spinous process underlying 38% of the inner ramus, inner and outer rami with 14 and 17 mid-dorsal spines respectively. Uropod 2: peduncle, posteroventral spinous process underlying 27% of the inner ramus. Uropod 3: inner ramus with two spines mid-dorsally. Condition. Previously dried. Without left antennae 1 and 2 flagella, right and left pereopod 7, and right uropod 1 outer ramus. Right appendages, both uropods 1, telson, and mouthparts slide mounted. Description of adult female. Lectotype (here designated): Length 7.7 mm. Character states as in the male except as follows. Antenna 2: article 5 without plumose setae. Gnathopod 2: propodus, hinge tooth pronounced, anterior margin crenulated, palmar setae dense throughout, sufficiently so to obscure the palm’s shape. Condition. Ovigerous. Previously dried. Without left pereopods 3, 6 and 7, and right pereopods 4–7. Variation. Maximum body length: male 8.0 mm, female 9.1 mm. The number of antennal articles is constant over body length and sex. Larger males show a shortening of the second antennal setae and a change in the shape of the second gnathopod palm (Fig. 27). The dactyl’s inner margin also changes shape from evenly convex to proximally expanded and sinuous. Type material examined. Lectotype, ♀ (ZMH K-8028) and paralectotypes (ZMH, K-33618, K-33620, K-33622, K033623, K-33625, K-33631 and K-33632, all from K-8028), station 7813, Moltke Hafen, Royal Bucht, South Georgia (54°30ʹ58ʺS, 36°0ʹ45ʺW), 1883, Deutsche Polar Commision, K. von den Steinen, coll. Other material examined. South Georgia: Moltke-Hafen (54°30ʹ58ʺS, 36°0ʹ45ʺW), Deutsche Polar Commission, 2 August 1899, 1 ♀, 1 juvenile (ZMH K-8019); specific location not given, Deutsche Polar Commission, K. von den Steinen, coll., 16 January 1884, 2 ♀♀, 4 juveniles (ZMH K-8021); stn. 7804, low ebb, K. von den Steinen, coll., 16 January 1884, Deutsche Polar Commission, K. von den Steinen, coll., 5 juveniles (ZMH K-8017A); Jason Hafen, station 19 (54°14ʹS, 36°31ʹW), 10–15 m depth, small stones, 23 April 1902, 1 juvenile (NRM 3676); Kochtopfbucht, Grytviken, station 35 (54°22ʹS, 36°28ʹW), 2–8 m depth, the inside edge of the Macrocystis formation, stone bottom, 12 June 1902, 1 juvenile (NRM 3677); mouth of the Moraine Fjord, 5 m depth, stone bottom, 15 January 1902, 1 ♀ (NRM 3678); specific location not given, Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1901–1903, 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 13 juveniles (MfN 22.962). Remarks. In his type description of Jassa multidentata, Schellenberg (1931) notes having examined specimens from the Swedish Museum of Natural History (collected in 1902, during the Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1901– 1903 from four locations in South Georgia), and from the Hamburg Museum (from South Georgia, but locations and collection dates not specified). Specimens examined for this study are listed above. The type designation is limited to the Hamburg material, selecting the 7.7 mm adult female of K-8028 as lectotype. Pertinent additional information on this sample was provided by H. Petersen, ZMH, 15 January 1988: “The material from K-8028 = Jassa multidentata Schellenberg, 1931 is, however, originally derived from the sample K-8017 = Jassa ingens Pfeffer. Since Schellenberg was also at the disposal of the material from the German Station in South Georgia (in 1882-1883) with the compiled Amphipod material from Pfeffer, we are assuming that Schellenberg has presented the material from Jassa ingens to Pfeffer only for comparison. It is presumed that Schellenberg separated from this sample - which also had been revised earlier by Chilton - Specimen which belonged to Jassa multidentata. It would be advisable to point that this location is not mentioned in the original description from Schellenberg (1931). By this, we are presuming that the material has really been presented to Schellenberg during the time of determination.” Pleojassa multidentata differs from P. orientalis in the shape of the gnathopod 2 palm (both sexes) (Figs 27 and 28), and by possessing a cluster of short setae at the anterodistal margin of the carpus of gnathopod 1, which is absent in P. orientalis. Pleojassa multidentata is only known from South Georgia while P. orientalis is only known from Macquarie Island (Fig. 2)., Published as part of Conlan, Kathleen E., 2021, New genera for species of Jassa Leach (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and their relationship to a revised Ischyrocerini, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4921 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4921.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4496015, {"references":["Schellenberg, A. (1931) Gammariden und Caprelliden des Magellangebietes, Sudgeorgiens und der Westantarktis. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903, 2 (6), 1 - 290.","Barnard, J. L. (1958) Index to the families, genera, and species of the gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) (No. 19). Allan Hancock Foundation Occasional Papers, 19, 1 - 145.","Lowry, J. K. & Bullock, S. (1976) Catalogue of the Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda of the Southern Ocean. Bulletin of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 16, 1 - 187."]}

Pleojassa lowryi n. sp. (Figs 25 and 26) Description of male. Holotype: Length 5.3 mm. Without antenna 1. (Paratype, male, 3.8 mm, antenna 2 overlapped by antenna 1 to the end of article 5). Antenna 2: article 5 and flagellum, posterior margin bearing abundant plumose setae, simple filter setae interspersed, these sparser and shorter than in the female; flagellum 3 articles, article 1 86% of full flagellum length. Mandible: palp articles 2 and 3 without a dorsal fringe of setae; raker spines 4 right, 6 left. Gnathopod 1: coxal margins, anterior 112% of dorsal length; ventral margin straight; basis, antero-medial margin with a row of short, spine-like setae, antero-lateral and posterior margins setose only distally; carpus, length 60% of propodus length, posterior lobe 42% of anterior margin length, setal cluster short, 16% of the anterior margin length; propodus, palm nearly straight, one defining spine slightly proximal of centre. Gnathopod 2: coxal margins, anterior 48% and posterior 70% of ventral length; ventral margin shallowly concave; carpus less than a quarter the length of the propodus; propodus, hinge tooth conical, shallowly bifid, palm densely plumose throughout, defined by a single minute spine at the end of a short hook-like protuberance. Pereopod 3: basis slender, anterior margin shallowly convex; merus, anterior margin setose centrally and distally, central setae less than 1/4 article width, article width 73% of length; carpus three quarters to fully overlapped by the merus; propodus width 58% of length. Pereopods 5–7: stout, basis of pereopod 6 and 7 posterodistally produced, anterior margin of each basis spinose; merus bearing spines along its posterior margin. Uropod 1: peduncle, posteroventral spinous process underlying 39% of the inner ramus, inner and outer rami with 3 and 5 mid-dorsal spines respectively. Uropod 2: peduncle, posteroventral spinous process underlying 17% of the inner ramus. Uropod 3: inner ramus with 1 spine mid-dorsally. Condition. Without antennae 1, right antenna 2, right pereopods 5 and 6, and both pereopods 7. Remaining right appendages (or left appendage when right lacking), telson, and mouthparts slide mounted. Other left appendages with the carcass. Description of adult female. Allotype: Length 5.1 mm. Character states as in the male except as follows. Antenna 1: overlapping antenna 2 to the end of article 5; article 5, posterior margin with long filter setae and a few plumose setae distally; flagellum, posterior margin with a few plumose setae proximally and brush setae distally. Gnathopod 2: propodus without a hinge tooth, palm 58% the length of the posterior margin, setae plumose, so abundant as to obscure the palm’s shape. Condition. Without left pereopod 7. Variation. Maximum body length: male 5.3 mm, female 5.1 mm. Males of comparable body length to adult females have abundant plumose setae on the posterior margin of the second antennal article 5 and flagellum. Small males and juvenile females lack plumose setae on antenna 2 but bear long filter setae. The palm of gnathopod 2 is abundantly plumose in both adult females and comparably sized males and less so in small males and females. There is no evidence of thumb production in males of similar body length to adult females. There is some divergence in the gnathopod 2 propodus length between the sexes, with a greater length achieved by males than females of similar body length (Fig. 26). Type material examined. Holotype, ♂, Rima Islet, The Snares, New Zealand (48°07ʹS, 166°36ʹE), in a crevice in the Durvillea zone, barnacles encrusted with sponge, 21 Nov. 1976, G. D. Fenwick, coll. (AM P.34948, collection event SA-3417). Allotype, ♀, same location (AM P.37922). Paratypes, 5 adult ♂♂, 25 adult ♀♀, and 163 juveniles, same location (AM P.37923). Other material examined. Alert Stack, The Snares, New Zealand (48°07ʹ S, 166°36ʹE), from algae below the Durvillea zone to 7m depth, 20 Dec. 1976, G. D. Fenwick, coll., 2 juveniles (AM P.34949, collection event SA- 3456). Etymology. In gratitude to Dr. Jim Lowry (Australian Museum) for assistance in locating Southern Hemisphere material. Remarks. The spination on the anterior margin of the basis of gnathopod 1 is not homologous with that of the Southern Hemisphere Jassa alonsoae Conlan, 1990, J. justi Conlan, 1990, J. fenwicki Conlan, 1990 and J. hartmannae Conlan, 1990 because it is medial instead of lateral. Readily recognizable differences between Pleojassa lowryi and P. moorei are listed in Table 4., Published as part of Conlan, Kathleen E., 2021, New genera for species of Jassa Leach (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and their relationship to a revised Ischyrocerini, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4921 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4921.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4496015, {"references":["Conlan, K. E. (1990) Revision of the crustacean amphipod genus Jassa Leach (Corophioidea: Ischyroceridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 2031 - 2075. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 288"]}

Pleojassa wandeli (Chevreux, 1906) new combination (Figs 29���34) Jassa wandeli Chevreux, 1906, 94���99, Figs 54���56; 1913, 181, Fig. 61; J. L. Barnard, 1958, 85. Jassa falcata: Sexton & Reid, 1951, 73���74; (form 1) Thurston, 1974a, 46���47: 1974b, 101���102; Lowry & Bullock, 1976, 73. Description of male. (Not type; Billie Rocks, Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, 5 March 1965, M. H. Thurston, coll. (NHM 1969:735:39 station 10 (95)). Length 9.8 mm. Antenna 2: overlapped by antenna 1 to midway along article 5; article 5 and flagellum, posterior margin covered in a mass of plumose setae; simple setae absent; flagellum 3 articles, the last half the length of the second; article 1 87% of full flagellum length. Mandible: palp articles 2 and 3 without a dorsal fringe of setae; raker spines 4 right, 5 left. Gnathopod 1: coxal margins, anterior 113% of dorsal length; ventral margin straight; basis, anterior margins with a few fine setae spaced along their length, posterior margin with a single distal seta; carpus, length 65% of propodus length, posterior lobe 50% of anterior margin length, anterodistal setal cluster short, 39% of the anterior margin length; propodus, palm convex, with one defining spine slightly proximal of centre. Gnathopod 2: coxal margins, anterior 21% and posterior 83% of ventral length, ventral margin straight; carpus less than a quarter the length of the propodus, posterior lobe without a distal seta; propodus, palm, hinge tooth rectangular cuboid, shallowly bifid centrally, setae sparse but spread throughout the palm, thumb 36% of propodus length, distally squared, posterior margin straight, with clusters of setae subapically, and 3 groups posteriorly, and with 1 minute defining spine at its tip. Pereopod 3: coxa, greatest depth at the centre; basis, anterior margin straight; merus, anterior marginal setae in discrete, well spaced clusters, about a third the article width, article width 61% of length; carpus 44% overlapped by the merus; propodus, width 56% of length. Pereopods 5���7: setae and spines moderately abundant, basis posterodistally produced, anterior margin spinose; merus, posterior margin not spinose. Uropod 1: peduncle, posteroventral spinous process underlying 38% of the inner ramus, inner and outer rami with 7 and 13 mid-dorsal spines respectively. Uropod 2: peduncle, posteroventral spinous process underlying 10% of the inner ramus. Uropod 3: inner ramus with 2 dorso-medial spines. Condition. Without the left pereopod 5. Right appendages, telson and mouthparts slide mounted. Remaining appendages with the carcass. Description of adult female. (Not type; same location as for the male). Length 9.6 mm. Character states as in the male except as follows. Antenna 2: article 5, posterior margin with long simple setae mainly, but interspersed with a few plumose setae. Gnathopod 2: coxal margins, anterior 56% and posterior 94% of ventral length, ventral margin convex; propodus, hinge tooth strongly pronounced, palmar setae densely plumose throughout, so much so as to nearly obscure the shape of the palm. Condition. With all appendages. Right appendages, telson, and mouthparts slide mounted. Left appendages with the carcass. Variation. Maximum body length: male 10.8 mm, female 9.7 mm. In small individuals of both sexes, the filter setae on antenna 2 are long and plumose setae are absent. In the adult female, these long filter setae are also present along with some plumose setae on the flagellum (Fig. 33). In larger males, with or without thumbs, the filter setae are shorter and mixed with dense plumose setae. In the specimens available, plumose setae were evident at �� 5.5 mm body length. Males of a single population appeared to show a linear increase in antenna 2 article 5 length with body length (Fig. 31). Large males have long thumbs on the propodus of gnathopod 2 but unlike Jassa, development may be gradual over more than one molt (Conlan, 1989). This is indicated in the short thumbed male in Fig. 30, where a somewhat longer thumb was visible inside the cuticle. In Jassa, a thumb that is visible within the cuticle is always much longer than the subadult���s small ���pre-thumb��� (Conlan et al. in press). The thumb develops at the location of the single palmar defining spine. This spine, though small, can be seen at the tip of the thumb, even on some long-thumbed specimens. In the population graphed, the gnathopod 2 propodus was longer in the males than females of the same length (Fig. 32) and the relationship to body length appears to be linear in both sexes (although lack of mid-sized specimens in the males caused failure of the Durbin-Watson statistic for independent residuals and the Constant Variance Test using Spearman rank correlations). The shape of the gnathopod 2 dactyl margin also varies. In females of all sizes and in small males, the inner margin is straight. In males with a long thumb, the dactyl is curved and proximally produced (Fig. 30). Type material examined. Lectotype (here designated), ♂, Ile Booth-Wandel, Antarctica, 10 December 1904, Mission Charcot, among sponges at low tide, Exp��dition Antarctique Fran��aise (1903���1905) (MNHN, catalogue no. Am. 2630(1)). Paralectotypes, 1 ♀, 13 juveniles, same location. Other material examined. (excluded from type series): South Georgia: Royal Bucht, Moltke Hafen (54��15��S, 36��0��45��W), 31 Aug. 1883, K. von den Steinen, coll., Deutsche Polar Commision 1882���1883, 1 juvenile (ZMH K- 32085 ex 22473). South Sandwich Group: Visokoi I. (56��42��S, 27��12��W), 13 Nov. 1908, C. A. Larsen, coll., 18���31 m depth, 1 ♀ (MfN), 1 juvenile (UiO F2973). Petermann I.: Pourquoi Pas?, Antarctica 1908���1910, 2 e Mission Charcot 1912, 1 Nov. 1909, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN Am. 2628); Pourquoi Pas?, Antarctica 1908���1910, 2 e Mission Charcot 1912, 16 Nov. 1909, M. le Dr. Liouville, coll., 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN Am. 2627). South Shetland Islands: Deception I. (62��57��S, 60��38��W), 17 Dec. 1927, C. Olstad, coll., 25 m depth, Norvegia Expedition No. 58, ~15 individuals, not sexed (UiO F2970), Kerguelen I.: S. baie du Morbihan, Port-Douzi��me, Durvillea antarctica holdfast, 13 Feb. 1966, J. C. Hureau, coll., littoral (D. Bellan-Santini loan), 1 ♂. South Orkney Islands: 46 collections from Billie Rocks, Berntsen Point, Elephant Flats, and Factory Cove, Signy Island, Dec., Apr. and June 1964 and Feb.���Apr. 1965, ~ 230 specimens, M. H. Thurston, coll. (NHM stations 1, 3, 4, 10, 13, 15���20, 22���26, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 46, 49 and 51). Remarks. Pleojassa wandeli resembles P. multidentata in thumb development and overall appearance. The latter can be distinguished by the shorter seta at the anterodistal junction of the carpus and propodus of gnathopod 1, lack of antenna 2 plumosity in the adult, denser plumosity of the gnathopod 2 palm in the female and juvenile, more pronounced hinge tooth, and pronounced uropod 2 peduncular process. Chevreux (1913) listed an additional specimen collected on Petermann Island at Port-Circoncision, 10 Oct. 1909, collected at 6 m depth from algae. This has not been seen but the other two collections listed were examined (listed above), which includes the long thumbed male illustrated by Chevreux (1913). A smaller male from Petermann Island (collected 16 Nov. 1909), showing an internal thumbed cuticle is illustrated in Fig. 30. Schellenberg (1926) may have been describing P. wandeli when he listed ��� Jassa falcata ��� from Kerguelen Island, collected in January 1902 during the Deutsche S��dpolar-Expedition 1901���1903. Although not seen, these specimens are within the size range and location known for P. wandeli (females adult at 7���9.5 mm). This would make the first known collection of P. wandeli from Kerguelen Island much earlier than the 1966 collection of ��� Jassa falcata ��� lent by D. Bellan-Santini and confirmed to be P. wandeli (Table 2). Additional collections of ��� Jassa falcata ��� from Kerguelen and Crozet Islands reported by Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer (1973, 1974) are likely P. wandeli as well. No other species of Pleojassa, Hemijassa or Jassa are known from these islands. This would also expand the known range of P. wandeli to the Crozet Islands. Thurston (1974b) collected 572 specimens at Signy Island, naming them ��� Jassa falcata form 1���. Many of these were examined for this study and are confirmed P. wandeli. Thurston (1974a) noted that his ��� Jassa falcata ��� from Deception Island (�� 62.98��S 60.65��W), Hope Bay (63.3833��S, 56.9833��W), Port Lockroy (64.8252��S, 63.4945��W) and the Argentine Islands (65.25��S, 64.27��W) agreed with Chevreux��� (1906) description and figures of Pleojassa wandeli. Kim et al. (2014) found P. wandeli in a scuba collection at 20���30 m depth in Marian Cove, King George Island (62��12��06.48��S, 58��44��03.14��W). They included a photograph of the left lateral side of a live animal, showing the dorsum, coxae, antennae and distal part of the gnathopods pigmented dark brown. There was a contrasting reduced or lack of pigmentation around the edges of the articles, on the proximal parts of the gnathopods, and on the pereopods., Published as part of Conlan, Kathleen E., 2021, New genera for species of Jassa Leach (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and their relationship to a revised Ischyrocerini, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4921 (1) on pages 50-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4921.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4496015, {"references":["Chevreux, E. (1906) Crustaces Amphipodes. In: Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905) commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot. Sciences naturelles: documents scientifiques. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 1 - 100.","Barnard, J. L. (1958) Index to the families, genera, and species of the gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) (No. 19). Allan Hancock Foundation Occasional Papers, 19, 1 - 145.","Sexton, E. W. & Reid, D. M. (1951) The life-history of the multiform species Jassa falcata (Montagu) (Crustacea Amphipoda) with a review of the bibliography of the species. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 42 (283), 29 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1951. tb 01852. x","Thurston, M. H. (1974 a) Crustacea Amphipoda from Graham Land and the Scotia arc, collected by Operation Tabarin and the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey 1944 - 59. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, 85, 1 - 89.","Lowry, J. K. & Bullock, S. (1976) Catalogue of the Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda of the Southern Ocean. Bulletin of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 16, 1 - 187.","Conlan, K. E. (1989) Delayed reproduction and adult dimorphism in males of the amphipod genus Jassa (Corophioidea: Ischyroceridae): an explanation for systematic confusion. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 9, 601 - 625. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 193724089 X 00629","Chevreux, E. (1913) Amphipodes. In: Deuxieme expedition antarctique francaise (1908 - 1910) commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot. Sciences naturelles: documents scientifiques, 1913, 79 - 186.","Schellenberg, A. (1926) Die Gammariden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 18 (10), 235 - 414.","Thurston, M. H. (1974 b) The Crustacea Amphipoda of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, 71, 1 - 133.","Kim, J. - H., Jazdzewska, A., Choi, H. - G. & Kim, W. (2014) The first report on Amphipoda from Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctic. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 43 (1), 106 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 13545 - 014 - 0122 - 2"]}

Genus Ischyrocerus n. comb. Supplementary Table S4 Type species. Ischyrocerus anguipes Krøyer, 1838 Diagnosis (with differences from Neoischyrocerus in bold). Body length at maturity 2–18 mm, though most species are> 5 mm long at adulthood. Primarily known from the Northern Hemisphere in cold temperate to polar waters from 32°N (La Jolla, California; J.L. Barnard 1969) to 81°N in the Arctic Ocean (Stephensen 1944), collected from algae, hydroids, crabs or substrate unknown, 1 to ~ 2000 m. Widely known in Europe but not in the Southern Hemisphere, although one species was found at 42°S off of Chile (J.L. Barnard 1964). Pereon: dorsally smooth (most species), ridged or carinate (some species). Antenna 1: accessory flagellum 2 articles (second minute), flush with the flagellum or rarely projecting forward; antenna 2 peduncle article 4, 115–170% wider than antenna 1 peduncle article 2 (or rarely equal width), setae and setal pattern similar to antenna 1 or setae shorter, occasionally plumose. Gnathopod 2, adult male: 100–220% the length of gnathopod 1, basis usually not especially elongate, propodus elongate and slender or short and broad (rarely similar to gnathopod 1); coxa 1 70–140% the depth of coxa 2; basis concave or straight; ischium anteriorly rounded or straight; propodus variably shaped, slender or broad (posterior length 120–290% of central width), palm only on the distal portion of the propodus or nearly the full length of the propodus, without a bulge or tooth defining it proximally at the junction of the carpus, palm variously toothed; dactyl 33–75% the length of the propodus. Gnathopod 2, juvenile male: shorter than the adult male gnathopod 2, palm bearing 1–2 strong spines about midway along the length of the propodus, dactyl ending at the spines. Gnathopod 2, female: only slightly larger than gnathopod 1, palm of the propodus convex or concave. Pereopods 3 and 4: propodus, posterior margin bearing setae but not spines; c oxa 4, posterior margin straight to shallowly concave. Pereopod 5, male: similar to but shorter than pereopods 6 and 7 or basis posteriorly concave; merus not differing. Uropod 1: peduncle with short ventrodistal spinous process underlying the rami, length ~25–50% of the outer ramus length. Uropod 3: peduncle bearing 0–2 rows of spines dorsally, ending in a corona of spines at the distal margin (rarely a single seta or single spine); rami with 0–1 spines (outer), 0–4 spines (inner), outer ramus subequal to a third shorter than the inner and bearing 0–9 cusps, occasionally with 1–2 apical spines that are straight or dorsally recurved. Component species. Ischyrocerus anguipes Krøyer, 1838 (N. Europe and Arctic Ocean); I. latipes Krøyer, 1842 (Arctic Ocean); I. minutus Liljeborg, 1851 (N. Europe); I. megacheir (Boeck, 1871) (40°N– 80°N, Atlantic to Arctic Ocean); I. brevicornis (Sars, 1879) (E. Greenland, Arctic Ocean); I. tuberculatus (Hoek, 1882) (Barents Sea, 71°N– 77°N); I. tenuicornis (Sars, 1885) (N. Europe); I. nanoides (Hansen, 1887) (Arctic, Baffin Bay and W Greenland, 61°N – 81°N); I. megalops Sars, 1894 (N. Europe); I. commensalis Chevreux, 1900 (E. Atlantic Canada and Saguenay Fjord); I. brusilovi Gurjanova, 1933 (Russian waters); I. enigmaticus Gurjanova, 1934 (Kara Sea, 78°58ʹN); I. cristatus Gurjanova, 1938 (Sea of Japan); I. elongatus Gurjanova, 1938 (Sea of Japan); I. rhodomelae Gurjanova, 1938 (Sea of Japan); I. serratus Gurjanova, 1938 (Sea of Japan); I. hanseni Stephensen, 1944 (64°N, between Iceland and Greenland); I. albanovi Gurjanova, 1946 (Arctic Ocean); I. laptevi Gurjanova, 1946 (Arctic Ocean); I. chamissoi Gurjanova, 1951 (Russian waters); I. dezhnevi Gurjanova, 1951 (Russian waters); I. krascheninnikovi Gurjanova, 1951 (Russian waters); I. stephenseni Gurjanova, 1951 (Russian waters); I. pelagops J.L. Barnard, 1962 (California); I. hortator J.L. Barnard, 1964 (off Chile); I. malacus J.L. Barnard, 1964 (California); I. gurjanovae Kudrjaschov, 1975 (Kurile Islands); I. tzvetkovae Kudrjaschov, 1975 (Kurile Islands); I. fractus King & Holmes, 2004 (Ireland). Remarks. Species were retained in Ischyrocerus if they lacked the key characters noted above for Neoischyrocerus in the appearance of the male gnathopod 2, pereopod dactyls or uropod 3 spination pattern. Ischyrocerus fractus is the only species known in this genus where the male’s gnathopod 2 propodus is very little different from the female’s. It is also the smallest known at adulthood for this genus (2 mm). Excluded, but uncertain generic status. Ischyrocerus camptonyx Thurston, 1974b from subantarctic Signy Island is not Ischyrocerus. It is possibly an undescribed species of Jassa or synonymous with J. alonsoae, in which case Thurston’s name would take precedence. Jassa thurstoni Conlan, 1990 (called J. falcata form 2 by Thurston) and Pleojassa moorei n. sp. (called J. falcata form 3) are also known from Thurston’s collections there. For I. camptonyx, hallmarks of the genus Jassa, rather than Ischyrocerus are the spines at the tip of the antenna 2, the sinuous palmed gnathopod 2, the strong overlap of the merus over the carpus on pereopods 3 and 4, the typical Jassa -like uropod 3 with long peduncle lacking mid-dorsal spines (but with a corona of spines around the distal margin), a lateral setal brush and the strong hooked spines at the tip of the outer ramus, and the telson with a long seta at each corner rather than a spine. However, Thurston describes the uropod outer ramus “with three stout hooked spines dorsally near apex and a minute comb with five-six teeth laterally”, which does not correspond to his illustration and are not Jassa -like. Possibly, though, his description could be interpreted differently. One of the three spines may be the apically immersed, dorsally recurved spine typical of Jassa, the other two spines are cusps, and the five–six teeth are minute dorsal cusps proximal to the two large ones. If so, then this also speaks of I. camptonyx as being a Jassa, either its own species or synonymous with J. alonsoae. It is not a Pleojassa, even though the male’s second-gnathopod resembles that of P. moorei, because this genus lacks a gill on gnathopod 2 while I. camptonyx possesses one. Thurston considered that the few males available for study were juvenile because they all lacked a thumb as in Jassa. However, some of these specimens were larger than the adult, ovigerous females. The female allotype was 4.5 mm and the male holotype was 5.5 mm. This suggests that the male holotype is actually an adult that will not produce a thumb, in which case it is not Jassa. Therefore, until the range of variation can be assessed in Thurston’s specimens, this species should remain in Ischyrocerus with a question as to its proper generic placement. Uncertain status of Ischyrocerus anguipes in the Southern Hemisphere. Sars’ (1894) excellent illustrations of I. anguipes may have resulted in some mis-identifications by early workers in the Southern Hemisphere. Alternatively, their identifications were correct and I. anguipes was being introduced by shipping if the specimens came from ports. K.H. Barnard’s (1916) “ I. anguipes ” could have been a species of Neoischyrocerus, however, as the specimens were 3 mm and the male’s second gnathopod propodus was 3.5 x longer than wide with the dactyl nearly the full length of the propodus, which is typical of adult male Neoischyrocerus. Schellenberg’s (1953) “ I. anguipes ” from L̹deritzbucht, Namibia was a 4.8 mm male which he stated differed from K.H. Barnard’s (1916) “ I. anguipes ” in its gnathopod 2 morphology. “The metacarpus of the 2nd gnathopod is shaped in the same way but stronger and exhibits a spination like on the first gnathopod. The palm is evenly finely corrugated (or: “wavy”) along its almost entire length.” (Der fast gleich geformte, aber stärkere Metacarpus des 2. Gnathopoden zeigt die Bestachelung wie am 1. Gnathopoden. Die Palma ist fast in ihrer ganzen Länge gleichmässig fein gewellt.) (translated from German to English by Jan Beermann, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany). The similarly shaped gnathopods 1 and 2 suggest that this specimen was a female or juvenile, or an adult male of a different species, as adult male I. anguipes have a gnathopod 2 that is more than twice the length of gnathopod 1, with a concave, rather than convex palm. Schellenberg illustrated the uropod 3 outer ramus as 5-cusped, terminating in a basally immersed, dorsally recurved spine similar to Jassa. The corona of spines at the peduncle’s distal margin is typical of Ischyrocerus and Jassa. “ I. anguipes ” captured off the coast of Ceylon in ~ 150 m depth were briefly described by Walker (1904) but not illustrated. One male and one ovigerous female were 2.5 mm long. The male’s gnathopod 2 was similar to that of I. anguipes, but this could also be Neoischyrocerus which has similarly shaped, though more pendulous second gnathopods with the dactyl in the largest males nearly the full length of the propodus. Chilton (1921) described “ I anguipes ” from Lyttelton, New Zealand which were up to 6 mm long, saying that they closely resembled Sars’ (1894) illustrations of that species. His description was minimal, however, and he provided no illustrations., Published as part of Conlan, Kathleen E., 2021, New genera for species of Jassa Leach (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and their relationship to a revised Ischyrocerini, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 4921 (1) on pages 59-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4921.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4496015, {"references":["Kroyer, H. (1838) Gronlands amfipoder beskrevne af Henrick Kroyer. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Naturvidenskabelige og Mathematiske Afhandlinger, 7, 229 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13747","Barnard, J. L. (1969) Gammaridean Amphipoda of the rocky intertidal of California: Monterey Bay to La Jolla. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 258, 1 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.258.1","Stephensen, K. (1944) Crustacea Malacostraca. VIII. (Amphipoda IV). Danish Ingolf Expedition, 3 (13), 1 - 51.","Barnard, J. L. (1964) Some bathyal Pacific Amphipoda collected by the USS Albatross. Pacific Science, 18, 315 - 335.","Kroyer, H. (1842) Nye nordiske slaegter og arter af amfipodernes orden, henhorende til familien Gammarina. (Forelobigt uddrag af et storre arbejde). Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 4, 141 - 166.","Liljeborg, W. (1851) Bidrag till Norra Rysslands och Norriges fauna, samlade under en vetenskaplig resa i dessa lander 1848. Kongliga Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens handlingar, 1850, 233 - 341.","Boeck A. (1871) Bidrag til Californiens amphipodefauna. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiana, 1871, 32 - 51.","Sars, G. O. (1879) Crustacea et Pycnogonida nova in itinere 2 do et 3 tio expeditionis Norvegicae anno 1877 & 78 collecta (prodromus descriptionis). Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab. 4, 427 - 476.","Hoek P. P. C. (1882) Die Crustaceen gesammelt waehrend der Fahrten des \" Willem Barents \" in den Jahren 1878 und 1879. Niederlandisches Archiv f ʾ r Zoologie, Supplementbind, 1 (7), 1 - 75.","Sars, G. O. (1885) Den Norske Nordhavs-expedition, 1876 - 1878. Zoologi, Crustacea I, Bind 6, 1 - 276.","Hansen H. J. (1887) Malacostraca marine Groenlandiae occidentalis. Oversigt over det vestlige Gronlands fauna of malakostrake havkrebsdyr Videnskabelige. Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I Kobenhavn, 4 (9), 5 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16332","Sars, G. O. (1894) Amphipoda. Part XXVII & XXVIII. Podoceridae (concluded), Corophiidae, Cheluridae. An account of the Crustacea of Norway, with short descriptions and figures of all the species, 1, 589 - 628. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1164","Chevreux, E. (1900) Amphipodes provenant des campagnes de \" l'Hirondelle \" 1885 - 1888. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques du Prince Albert I de Monaco, 16, 1 - 195.","Gurjanova, E. (1933) Zur Amphipoden fauna des Karischen Meeres. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 103 (5 - 6), 119 - 128.","Gurjanova, E. (1934) Neue formen von Amphipoden des Karischen Meeres. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 108, 122 - 130.","Gurjanova, E. (1938) Amphipoda, Gammaroidea zalikov Siaukhu i Sudzukhe (Yaponskoe More). [Amphipoda, Gammaroidea of Siaukhu Bay and Sudzukhe Bay (Japan Sea)]. Reports of the Japan Sea Hydrobiological Expedition of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences USSR in 1934, 1, 241 - 404,","Gurjanova, E. (1946) New species of Isopoda and Amphipoda from the Arctic Ocean. Compendium of results, Drifting Expedition, Icebreaker \" Cedov \", 1937 - 1940, Moscow, 3, 272 - 297.","Gurjanova, E. (1951) Bokoplavy morei SSSR i sopredelnykh vod (Amphipoda, Gammaridea). [Amphipods of the seas of USSR and adjacent waters (Amphipoda, Gammaridea)]. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 41, 1 - 1029.","Barnard, J. L. (1962) Benthic marine Amphipoda of Southern California: Families Aoridae, Photidae, Ischyroceridae, Corophiidae, Podoceridae. Pacific Naturalist, 3 (1), 3 - 72.","King, R. A. & Holmes, J. M. C. (2004) A new species of Ischyrocerus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Ireland, with a review of Ischyrocerus anguipes and Ischyrocerus minutus from the North-East Atlantic. Journal of Natural History, 38 (14), 1757 - 1772. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293031000156358","Thurston, M. H. (1974 b) The Crustacea Amphipoda of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, 71, 1 - 133.","Conlan, K. E. (1990) Revision of the crustacean amphipod genus Jassa Leach (Corophioidea: Ischyroceridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 2031 - 2075. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 288","Barnard, K. H. (1916) Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. 5. The Amphipoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 15 (3), 105 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10646","Schellenberg A. (1953) Erganzungen zur Amphipodenfauna Sudwest-Afrikas nebst Bemerkungen uber Brutraumbildung. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum f ʾ r Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut f ʾ r Spezielle (Berlin), 29 (1), 107 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19530290105","Walker, A. O. (1904) Report on the Amphipoda collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, with supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon. Part II. The Royal Society, London, pp. 229 - 300.","Chilton, C. (1921) Some New Zealand Amphipoda. 2. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 53, 220 - 234."]}

The discharge of sewage and wastewater into the Antarctic environment represents a serious and significant risk of environmental impacts that includes the introduction of non-native micro-organisms and pathogens, genetic pollution and accumulation of, and exposure to, contaminants. Wastewater discharges could lead to long term impacts on wildlife health, biodiversity and community structure in the vicinity of Antarctic stations. Treatment and disposal practices vary widely, as each Party to the Antarctic Treaty determines their own standards with varying interpretation of requirements under the Protocol on Environmental Protection. Further research and monitoring of the impacts of wastewater on Antarctic ecosystems will assist in quantifying the potential risks and impacts. Currently, no guidelines exist that describe permissible levels of bacteria, chemical and other contaminants being discharged from outfalls within the Treaty area, but their development would be beneficial in setting a baseline for monitoring. One of the highest priorities of the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP) is addressing the introduction of non-native species. Wastewater discharge is a significant source of potential introductions, but advanced wastewater treatment could substantially reduce this and other associated risks., Waste disposal Waste management Environmental monitoring

Peramphithoe baegryeongensis Kim & Kim, 1988 (Fig. 2) Peramphithoe baegryeongensis Kim & Kim, 1988: 121, fig. 10. ��� Kim, 1991: 73. Material examined. 1 3, Eodal-ri, Donghae-si, 11 August 2006 (K.S. Lee), by fishing net; 2 3, 10 ��, Sageunjin, Gangreung-si, 11 July 2008 (S.S. Hong), by D-frame net; 1 3, Seodo-ri, Geomundo Is., 16 April 2009 (Y.H. Kim), by light trap. Previous Korean records. Baekryeongdo Is., Imwon (Kim & Kim 1988), Dumujin, Baekryeongdo Is. (Kim 1991). Type locality. Baekryeongdo Is., Yellow Sea, Korea. Diagnosis. Head longer than wide. Eye circular and small. Lateral cephalic lobes truncate. Epimeral plates 2���3 subquadrate posteroventrally. Antenna 1 weakly setose, peduncular article 1 slightly longer than article 2, with 1 posterodistal spine. Antenna 2 about half length of antenna 1, peduncular article 4 as long as article 5; flagellum setose, about half length of peduncle. Gnathopod 1 propodus subrectangular, palm transverse, limited by 1 spine. Gnathopod 2, male, propodus massive, narrowing distally, slightly concave ventrally, palm corresponding to ventral margin; dactylus falcate, strongly curved. Pereopod 3 basis elongate ovate, expanded anteriorly. Pereopod 5 basis subcircular, slightly wider than long. Uropod 3 peduncle stubby, more than twice the length of rami. Molecular data. CO 1 gene sequences (GenBank accession numbers JN 575611 ��� JN 575613) were obtained from three specimens. Sequence alignment was straightforward without any insertion or deletion. Intra-specific variation of the CO 1 gene sequence of the species ranges between 0.1 and 0.2 %, while inter-specific variation ranges from a low of 9.9 % (P. baegryeongensis and P. namhaensis, P. baegryeongensis and P. chujaensis sp. nov.) to a high of 12.0% (P. baegryeongensis and P. e o a) (Figure 12, Table 2). Distribution. Korea. Peramphithoe P. baegryeongensis P. namhaensis P. chujaensis P. eoa (%) Ampithoe tea (%) (%) (%) sp. nov. (%) valida (%), Published as part of Kim, Young-Hyo, Hong, Soon-Sang, Conlan, Kathleen E. & Lee, Kyung-Sook, 2012, The genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 from Korean waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3400 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211185, {"references":["Kim, H. S. & Kim, C. B. (1988) Marine gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of the family Ampithoidae from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology. Special Issue, 2, 107 - 134.","Kim, C. B. (1991) A systematic study of marine gammaridean amphipod from Korea. Ph. D. dissertation, Seoul National Univ, Seoul Korea, 1 - 442."]}

Peramphithoe namhaensis Kim & Kim, 1988 (Fig. 10) Peramphithoe namhaensis Kim & Kim, 1988: 125, figs 11���12. Material Examined. 1 3, Geojin, Gosung-gun, 24 February 2005 (Y.H. Kim), by fishing net; 1 3, Yongdong-ri, Goheong-gun, 22 June 2008 (Y.H. Kim), by light trap; 2 3, Sageunjin, Gangreung-si, 11 July 2008 (S.S. Hong), by D-frame net; 1 3, Daraedo Is., Beolgyo-eup, 23 June 2009 (Y.H. Kim and K.S. Lee), by hand net; 1 ��, Namangdo Is., Beolgyo-eup, 23 June 2009 (Y.H. Kim and K.S. Lee), by hand net; 1 3, 1 ��, Dolsando Is., Yeosu-si, 25 June 2009 (Y.H. Kim), by hand net. Previous Korean records. Sangchujado Is., Seogwipo, Yeoseodo Is. (Kim & Kim 1988). Type locality. Sangchujado Is., Jeju-si, Korea. Diagnosis. Head longer than wide. Eye circular, medium size. Lateral cephalic lobes truncate apically. Epimeral plates 1���3 subquadrate posteroventrally. Antenna 1 weakly setose, peduncular article 1 longer than article 2, with 2 posterodistal spines. Antenna 2 about half length of antenna 1, peduncular article 4 slightly longer than article 5; flagellum setose, more than half length of peduncle. Gnathopod 1, propodus subrectangular, longer than carpus; dactylus falcate, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally. Gnathopod 2, male, propodus massive, tapering distally, anterior margin gently curved, posterior margin straight, crenulated, with crenulations larger distally; dactylus strong, elongate, subequal in length to propodus, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally. In female, propodus about 0.5 �� as wide as long, palm transverse. Pereopod 5 basis subcircular, expanded posteriorly, slightly wider than long. Uropod 3 peduncle stubby, less than twice the length of rami. Molecular data. CO 1 gene sequences (GenBank accession numbers JN 575614 ��� JN 575620) were obtained from seven specimens. Sequence alignment was straightforward without any insertion or deletion. Intra-specific variation of the CO 1 gene sequence of the species ranged between 0.2 and 1.1 %, while inter-specific variation ranged from a low of 9.1 % (P. namhaensis and P. chujaensis sp. nov.) to a high of 11.1 % (P. namhaensis and P. eoa) (Figure 12, Table 2). Distribution. Korea (east and south coasts)., Published as part of Kim, Young-Hyo, Hong, Soon-Sang, Conlan, Kathleen E. & Lee, Kyung-Sook, 2012, The genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 from Korean waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3400 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211185, {"references":["Kim, H. S. & Kim, C. B. (1988) Marine gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of the family Ampithoidae from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology. Special Issue, 2, 107 - 134."]}

Genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 Type species. Ampithoe femorata Krøyer, 1845, original designation. Diagnosis. Lateral cephalic lobes short, blunt. Antenna 1 usually longer than antenna 2; accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 stout, flagellum short. Mandibular palp present. Gnathopod 1 coxa not produced anterodistally, palm transverse. Gnathopod 2 enlarged, subchelate. Pereopods 3–4 similar, basis stout, strongly expanded. Pereopod 5 shorter than pereopods 6–7, with broader basis. Uropod 1 with distoventral peduncular spur. Uropod 3 rami short, outer ramus with 2 hooked spines apically. Telson entire, subtriangular. Species composition. Peramphithoe annenkovae (Gurjanova, 1938); P. aorangi (J.L. Barnard, 1972); P. baegryeongensis Kim & Kim, 1988; P. chujaensis sp. nov.; P. e o a (Brüggen, 1907); P. falsa (K.H. Barnard, 1932); P. f e m o - rata (Krøyer, 1845); P. humeralis (Stimpson, 1864); P. lessoniophila Conlan & Bousfield, 1982; P. lindbergi (Gurjanova, 1938); P. m e a (Gurjanova, 1938); P. namhaensis Kim & Kim, 1988; P. orientalis (Dana, 1853); P. parmerong Poore & Lowry, 1997; P. p l e a (J.L. Barnard, 1965); P. spuria (Krapp-Schickel, 1978); P. stypotrupetes Conlan & Chess, 1992; and P. t e a (J.L. Barnard, 1965).

Peramphithoe chujaensis sp. nov. (Korean name: Chu-ja-do-cham-yeop-sae-u, new) (figs 3���6) Type material. Holotype, adult male, 10.9 mm, (appendages on one slide), cat no. NIBRIV0000246630, Sangchujado Is., Jeju-si, Korea, 33 �� 57 �� 51 ��N, 126 �� 17 �� 11 ��E; 15 November 2008 (Y.H. Kim) by SCUBA diving at 6 m in depth. Paratypes, 1 ��, 10.7 mm, dissected (appendages on one slide), NIBRIV0000246631, other data same as Holotype; 1 adult ��, 6.8 mm, CMNC 2012 -0012, other data same as holotype; and the remaining paratypes (15 juveniles, 3.2���5.8 mm), DKU 201204, in the collection of the first author. Type locality. Sangchujado Is., Jeju-si, Korea. Etymology. The species name is derived from the type locality, Chujado Island located off the south coast of Korea. Diagnosis. Head as long as wide. Eye circular, medium. Epimeral plate 2 quadrate posteroventrally, epimeral plate 3 subquadrate posteroventrally. Antenna 1 peduncular article 1 subequal in length to article 2, flagellum elongate, more than 3 x as long as peduncle. Antenna 2 less than half length of antenna 1, with plumose setae ventrally (male only). Lower lip, medial lobe of outer lobe as long as lateral lobe. Maxilla 1 inner plate with 1 subapical seta. Maxilla 2 inner plate subequal in length to outer. Maxilliped outer plate extending beyond end of palp article 2. Gnathopod 1 carpus subequal to propodus. In male, gnathopod 2 propodus dilated proximally, about 0.7 x as wide as long, palm excavate. In male, pereopods 5���7 meri and carpi strongly expanded. In female, gnathopod 2 propodus, pereopods 5���7 meri and carpi rectangular, ordinary. Uropod 3 peduncle more than twice the length of rami. Description. Male, holotype. Body (figs 3, 4A) 10.9 mm long; head as long as wide, subequal in length to pereonites 1���2 combined; circular eye occupying lateral cephalic lobes; pereon and pleon smooth; Epimeral plates 1���3 (Fig. 4 B) without ventral seta or spine, epimeral plate 2 quadrate posteroventrally, epimeral plate 3 roundedquadrate posteroventrally, prominently concave midposteriorly. Antenna 1 (Fig. 4 C) less setose than antenna 2, about 0.7 x as long as body length, length ratio of peduncular articles 1���3 = 1.00: 0.92: 0.28, article 1 with 2 ventral and 3 distoventral spinules; flagellum 37 -articulate, 3.52 x as long as peduncle; accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 (Fig. 4 D) setose, short, about 0.4 x as long as antenna 1; length ratio peduncular articles 3���5 = 1.00: 2.50: 2.14; ventral margins of peduncular articles 3���5 and flagellum with transverse rows of plumose and simple setae; flagellum 13 -articulate, 0.61 x as long as peduncle. Lower lip (Fig. 4 E) inner lobe ovate; outer lobe tripartite, medial lobe subequal in length to lateral lobe, both lobes pubescent apically. Right mandible (Fig. 4 F) incisor with 9 blunt teeth; lacinia mobilis with 7 tiny crenulated teeth; molar truncate, fully triturating; accessory setal row of 11 setae between lacinia mobilis and molar; palp well developed, triarticulate, article 2 1.28 x as long as distal one, with one submarginal seta; article 3 with 8 pinnate unequal setae on distal margin; left mandible similar to right one, but lacinia mobilis 9 dentate, more distinct and more pointed than that of the right one. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 4 G) inner plate subtriangular, with subapical seta; outer plate with 10 sclerotized spine-teeth (3 simple, 2 bifid and 6 denticulate) apically; palp biarticulate, distal article with 1 simple and 3 tricuspidate spines apically. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 4 H) inner plate subequal in length but more slender than outer one, apical and inner margins with row of pinnate setae; outer plate with pinnate setae on apical and apicolateral margins. Maxilliped (Fig. 4 I) inner plate developed, lateral and apical submargins with pinnate setae, apical margin with 1 spine on right, 2 on left; outer plate subovate, extending beyond end of palp article 2, inner margin with 1 longitudinal row of conical, serrated teeth, distal half of outer margin with slender setiform teeth and setae; palp 4 -articulate, article 1 short, with 3 simple setae apically, article 2 1.33 x as long as article 3, with a row of pinnate setae on inner margin, article 4 0.68 x as long as article 3, with inner marginal surface covered by tiny setules; unguis acute, well developed. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 5 A) coxa subrectangular, with 4 simple setae posterodistally; carpus subequal in length to propodus, posterior margin slightly rounded with unequal simple setae; propodus subrectangular, palm transverse, straight, defined by 1 small spine; dactylus falcate, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally; length ratio of articles 2���7 = 1.00: 0.24: 0.37: 0.59: 0.61: 0.30. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 5 B) coxa similar to coxa 1, with 5 unequal setae on distal margin; basis subrectangular, with long setae posteriorly; carpus subtriangular, rounded posterior lobe setaceous; propodus large, about 0.7 x as wide as long, subequal in length to basis, distal part narrower than proximal; palm excavate, curved concavely, with densely long to short setae marginally; dactylus falcate, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally, row of setules on medial margin, 0.83 x as long as propodus. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 5 C) coxa subrectangular, ventral margin smooth, truncated, with 6 setae posterodistally; basis expanded, with row of simple setae posteriorly; merus widening anteriorly, anterodistal corner protruding; dactylus falcate, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally; length ratio of articles 2���7 = 1.00: 0.25: 0.47: 0.41: 0.38: 0.19. Pereopod 4 similar to pereopod 3, but coxa (Fig. 5 D) slightly wider than coxa 3. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 5 E) coxa bilobate, dorsodistal protruding lobe with 2 feeble spines; basis expanded, subequal in length to width, anterior margin with 1 proximal spine and several groups of setae, posterovental lobe slightly protruding, with 1 spine; merus subtriangular, strongly expanding distally; carpus subquadrate, expanded, 1.05 x as long as wide; propodus comparatively more slender than carpus, posterior margin with a row of 5 robust spines and 2 subdistal spines; length ratio of articles 2���7 = 1.00: 0.35: 0.68: 0.76: 0.76: 0.24. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 5 F) basis weakly expanded, 1.61 x as long as wide, with 1 spine posterodistally; merus and carpus expanded, subequal in length; propodus narrow, subrectangular, posterior margin with 5 robust spines and triad spines subdistally; length ratio of articles 2���7 = 1.00: 0.25: 0.45: 0.49: 0.76: 0.21. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 5 G) similar to pereopod 6, but longer and wider; carpus subequal in length and 3.2 x as wide as to propodus; length ratio of articles 2���7 = 1.00: 0.29: 0.68: 0.70: 0.73: 0.20. Uropod 1 (Fig. 5 H) peduncle 1.1 x as long as inner ramus, bearing enlarged distoventral spur, with 5 dorsolateral (2 proximal spines missing), 7 dorsomedial spines and a row of basofacial setae; outer ramus slightly shorter than inner one. Uropod 2 (Fig. 6 A) peduncle subequal in length to outer ramus, ventral spur short and slightly pointed, with 3 dorsolateral and 3 dorsomedial spines; outer ramus slightly shorter than inner one, both rami with 2 rows of spines, and a cluster apically. Uropod 3 (Fig. 6 B) peduncle more than twice the length of rami, with 3 groups of lateral setae, a row of 11 ventral setae laterally, duad and triad spines mediodistally; both rami subequal in length, outer ramus bearing 2 hooked terminal spines, inner one apically setose and with one small spine. Telson (Fig. 6 C) fleshy, subtriangular, wider than deep, posterodistal apex truncate and bulging, with simple or penicillate setae submarginally. Female, paratype. Body (Fig. 6 D) length 10.7 mm, morphologically similar to male in shape, including gnathopod 1, which is not sexually dimorphic, subchelate. Antenna 2, gnathopod 2 and pereopods 5-7 sexually dimorphic. Antenna 2 lacking plumose setae ventrally. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 6 E), carpus subequal in length to propodus. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 6 F), carpus subtriangular and shorter than carpus of gnathopod 1; propodus similar in shape to but wider than propodus of gnathopod 1; palm steeply oblique. Pereopods 5���7 (figs 6 G���I), meri and carpi not expanded but ordinary rectangular in form. Variation. Unfortunately, only one mature male specimen was collected in the present study so that it is impossible to judge how much variation may occur during the mature stage in male. Body length at maturity of male is 10.9 mm, female 6.8-10.7 mm, because the 6.8 mm female (CMNC 2012 -0012) was found brooding offspring. In these 2 mature females, gnathopod 1 to pereopod 7 ratio of article lengths are similar to each other. The mature female, 6.8 mm, however, pereopods 5���7 bases slightly wider than those of large female (10.7 mm long); pereopods 5���7 propodi with a row of 4, 5, and 4 spines along posterior margins, respectively, while 5, 6, and 4 spines in the large female; uropods 1���2 peduncles with 5 and 3 dorsolateral spines, while 6 and 3 in the large female; uropods 1���2 outer rami with 6 and 5 outer spines, while 7 and 5 in the large female. On the other hand, small juveniles (4.2���5.8 mm), antenna 1 has a flagellum of 17���30; antenna 2 a flagellum of 9���13 articles; pereopods 5���7 propodi with a row of 3 ���4, 4, 3���4 spines posteriorly; uropods 1���2 peduncles with 3���4 and 2 dorsolateral spines; uropods 1���2 rami with 3���5 and 3���4 outer spines. Remarks. Among the species of genus Peramphithoe, only 3 other species have some degree of enlargement or broadening of pereopods 5���7 in the male: P. fa l s a Barnard, 1932, P. s p u r i a Krapp-Schickel, 1978 and P. p a r m e rong Poore & Lowry, 1997. However, male of P. chujaensis sp. nov. has a concave palm in the gnathopod 2 and ventral plumose setae on the antenna 2. These conditions do not occur in its congeners. Molecular data. CO 1 gene sequences (GenBank accession numbers JN 575621 ��� JN 575622) were obtained from two specimens. Sequence alignment was straightforward without any insertion or deletion. Intra-specific variation of the CO 1 gene sequence of P. chujaensis sp. nov. ranged 0.4 %, while inter-specific variation ranged from a low of 9.1 % (P. chujaensis sp. nov. and P. namhaensis) to a high of 12.1 % (P. chujaensis sp. nov. and P. t e a) (Figure 12, Table 2). Distribution. Korea (Chujado Is.)., Published as part of Kim, Young-Hyo, Hong, Soon-Sang, Conlan, Kathleen E. & Lee, Kyung-Sook, 2012, The genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 from Korean waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3400 on pages 6-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211185, {"references":["Barnard, K. H. (1932) Amphipoda. Discovery Reports, 5, 1 - 326.","Krapp-Schickel, G. (1978) Die Gattung Amphithoe (Crustacea, Amphipoda) im Mittlemeer. Bijdragen Tot de Dierkundeeise, 48, 1 - 15.","Poore, A. G. B. & Lowry, J. K. (1997) New ampithoid amphipods from Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae). Invertebrate taxonomy, 11, 897 - 941."]}

Key to Korean species of Peramphithoe 1. Body small, less than 15 mm at maturity; male gnathopod 2, dactylus reaching or not extending beyond proximal end of propodus................................................................................................. 2 - Body large, more than 15 mm at maturity; male gnathopod 2, dactylus elongate, extending far beyond proximal end of propo- dus............................................................................... P. eoa (Br��ggen, 1907) 2. Gnathopod 1, propodus moderately stout, more than 0.4 times as wide as long..................................... 3 - Gnathopod 1, propodus slender, less than 0.4 times as wide as long.......................... P. orientalis (Dana, 1853) 3. Gnathopod 1, propodus longer than carpus; male pereopods 5���7 meri and carpi ordinary............................. 4 - Gnathopod 1, propodus subequal to carpus; male pereopods 5���7 meri and carpi swollen............. P. chujaensis sp. nov. 4. Pereopod 5, merus subequal to carpus; male gnathopod 2 propodus straight ventrally; female gnathopod 2, propodus palm transverse............................................................................................ 5 - Pereopod 5, merus longer than carpus; male gnathopod 2, propodus concave ventrally; female gnathopod 2, propodus palm oblique................................................................ P. baegryeongensis Kim & Kim, 1988 5. Male gnathopod 2, propodus with 1 ventral process distally in the palm; pereopods 6���7 carpi and propodi densely setose....................................................................................... P. tea (Barnard, 1965) - Male gnathopod 2, propodus with 2 ventral processes distally in the palm; pereopods 6���7 carpi and propodi weakly setose............................................................................ P. namhaensis Kim & Kim, 1988, Published as part of Kim, Young-Hyo, Hong, Soon-Sang, Conlan, Kathleen E. & Lee, Kyung-Sook, 2012, The genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 from Korean waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3400 on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211185, {"references":["Kim, H. S. & Kim, C. B. (1988) Marine gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of the family Ampithoidae from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology. Special Issue, 2, 107 - 134.","Barnard, J. L. (1965) Marine Amphipoda of the family Ampithoidae from southern California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 118 (3522), 1 - 46."]}

Kim, Young-Hyo, Hong, Soon-Sang, Conlan, Kathleen E., Lee, Kyung-Sook (2012): The genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 from Korean waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae). Zootaxa 3400: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211185

Peramphithoe tea (Barnard, 1965) (Fig. 11) Ampithoe tea Barnard, 1965: 30, figs 19���21. Peramphithoe tea. ��� Conlan & Bousfield, 1982: 65, fig. 14. ��� Kim & Kim, 1988: 129, figs 13���14. ��� Kim, 1991: 74. ��� Kim et al., 2005: 3. Material examined. 3 3, 1 ��, Daejung, Jejudo Is., 8 May, 2002 (Y.H. Kim), by fishing net; 1 3, Jinbok-ri, Uljin, 9 July 2002 (Y.H. Kim), by hand net; 1 3, 2 ��, Namdong-ri, Jindo Is., 29 June 2004 (Y.H. Kim), by hand net; 2 ��, Singi, Jindo Is., 30 June 2004, (Y.H. Kim), by light trap; 1 ��, Jangchon, Baekryeongdo Is., 14 July 2007 (S.S. Hong), by light trap; 10 specimens, Pado-ri, Taean-gun, 20 March 2009 (Y.H. Kim & S.S. Hong), by hand net. Previous Korean records. Gadeokdo is. (Kim & Kim 1988), Gujora, Geojedo Is. (Kim 1991), Beolpo, Jindo Is. (Kim et al. 2005). Type locality. Santa Catalina Island, Southern California, 33 �� 22 �� 17 ��N, 118 �� 20 �� 55 ��E. Diagnosis. Head as wide as long. Eye subcircular, medium. Lateral cephalic lobes roundly protruded. Epimeral plates 1���3 subquadrate posteroventrally. Antenna 1 weakly setose, peduncular article 1 slightly longer than article 2, with posterodistal spine; flagellum elongate, less than 3 x the length of peduncle. Antenna 2 moderately setose, short, about half length of antenna 1, peduncular article 4 longer than article 5; flagellum short, about half length of peduncle. Gnathopod 1, propodus subrectangular, longer than carpus; dactylus falcate, strongly overlapping palm, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally. Gnathopod 2, male, propodus massive, decreasing in width apically, posterior margin nearly straight, finely creunlated, with 1 protruding bump distally; dactylus falcate, shorter than propodus, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally. In female, gnathopod 2 propodus about 0.6 �� as wide as long, palm transverse. Pereopod 5 basis subcircular, as wide as long. Pereopods 6���7 homopodous, basis elongate ovate, posterodistal margins angular, subpointed; carpi and propodi densely setose posteriorly. Uropod 3 peduncle stubby, more than twice the length of rami. Molecular data. CO 1 gene sequences (GenBank accession numbers JN 575606 ��� JN 575610) were obtained from five specimens. Sequence alignment was straight forward without any insertion or deletion. Intra-specific variation of the CO 1 gene sequence of the species ranged between 0.1 and 0.8 %, while inter-specific variation ranged from a low of 10.0% (P. tea and P. namhaensis) to a high of 13.5 % (P. tea and P. e o a) (Figure 12, Table 2). Distribution. North Pacific: Korea, Japan, Canada, US., Published as part of Kim, Young-Hyo, Hong, Soon-Sang, Conlan, Kathleen E. & Lee, Kyung-Sook, 2012, The genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 from Korean waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3400 on pages 16-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211185, {"references":["Barnard, J. L. (1965) Marine Amphipoda of the family Ampithoidae from southern California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 118 (3522), 1 - 46.","Conlan, K. E. & Bousfield E. L. (1982) The amphipod superfamily Corophioidea in the northeastern Pacific region: 1. Family Ampithoidae. Systematics and distributional ecology. Publications in Biological Oceanography, National Museums of Canada, 10 (2), 41 - 75.","Kim, H. S. & Kim, C. B. (1988) Marine gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of the family Ampithoidae from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology. Special Issue, 2, 107 - 134.","Kim, C. B. (1991) A systematic study of marine gammaridean amphipod from Korea. Ph. D. dissertation, Seoul National Univ, Seoul Korea, 1 - 442.","Kim, Y. H., Eun, Y. & Lee, K. S. (2005) Amphipods (Gammaridea and Caprellidea) fauna of Jindo Island in Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology. Special Issue, 5, 1 - 11."]}

Peramphithoe orientalis (Dana, 1853) Amphithoe (sic) orientalis Dana, 1853: 937, pl. 64, fig. 2. Ampithoe orientalis. ��� Stebbing, 1906: 641. ��� Barnard, 1955: 26, fig. 14. ��� 1970: 50, fig. 17. ��� Nagata, 1965: 315, fig. 38 c. Peramphithoe orientalis. ��� Conlan & Bousfield, 1982: 60. ��� Kim & Kim, 1988: 131, fig. 15. Material examined. No specimen in the authors��� collection. Previous Korean records. Gukdo Is. (Kim & Kim 1988), Ulreungdo Is. (Kim 1991). Type locality. Manila, Philippines. Diagnosis. Lateral cephalic lobes subquadrate. Antenna 1 peduncular article 1 as long as article 2. Antenna 2 about half length of body; flagellum longer than peduncular articles 4���5 combined. Gnathopod 1 propodus extremely slender, slightly longer than carpus. Gnathopod 2, male, propodus elongate ovate, with 1 convex protrusion ventrodistally; dactylus elongate, longer than propodus. Uropod 3 peduncle about twice the length of rami. Distribution. North Pacific: Hawaii, Japan, Korea, Philippines. Remarks. This species has not been reported from Korea since Kim (1991)., Published as part of Kim, Young-Hyo, Hong, Soon-Sang, Conlan, Kathleen E. & Lee, Kyung-Sook, 2012, The genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 from Korean waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3400 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211185, {"references":["Conlan, K. E. & Bousfield E. L. (1982) The amphipod superfamily Corophioidea in the northeastern Pacific region: 1. Family Ampithoidae. Systematics and distributional ecology. Publications in Biological Oceanography, National Museums of Canada, 10 (2), 41 - 75.","Kim, H. S. & Kim, C. B. (1988) Marine gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of the family Ampithoidae from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology. Special Issue, 2, 107 - 134.","Kim, C. B. (1991) A systematic study of marine gammaridean amphipod from Korea. Ph. D. dissertation, Seoul National Univ, Seoul Korea, 1 - 442."]}

Peramphithoe eoa (Br��ggen, 1907) (Korean name: Gin-son-ga-lac-cham-yeop-sae-u, new) (figs 7���9) Amphithoe eoa Br��ggen, 1907: 481, figs 4���5 (cited from Gurjanova, 1938). ��� Gurjanova, 1938: 345, figs 46 ��� 46 a. ��� 1951: 881, figs 615 a���b. ��� Barnard, 1954: 27, pls 25���26. ��� Tzvetkova, 1967: 186. Peramphithoe eoa. ��� Conlan & Bousfield, 1982: 60. Material examined. 1 3, Geojin, Gosung-gun, 24 February 2005 (Y.H. Kim), by fishing net; 4 specimens, Gajin, Gosung-gun, 14 March 2006 (Y.H. Kim), by fishing net; 1 ��, Gajin, Gosung-gun, 24 February 2007 (Y.H. Kim), by fishing net. Type locality. Vladivostok, Russian Far Eastern seas. Diagnosis. Head as long as wide. Eye small, round. Epimeral plates 2���3 subquadrate posteroventrally. Antenna 1 elongate, peduncular article 1 subequal to article 2, flagellum elongate, more than twice the length of peduncle. Antenna 2 about half length of antenna 1, peduncular article 4 subequal in length to article 5, flagellum slightly longer than article 5. Lower lip outer lobe tripartite, medial lobe shorter than lateral lobe. Maxilla 1 inner plate with 3 pinnate setae subapically. In male, gnathopod 1 carpus subequal to propodus. Gnathopod 2 propodus massive, narrowing distally, posterior margin straight; dactylus elongate, longer than propodus. In female, gnathopod 1 propodus slightly longer than carpus. Gnathopod 2 propodus elongate-ovate, palm oblique. Uropod 3 peduncle more than twice the length of rami. Description. Adult male: Body length 19.3 mm, comparatively large-sized species. Head (figs 7, 8A) 1.5 x as long as pereonite 1. Lateral cephalic lobe slightly angular. Eye small, round, located close to lateral cephalic lobe. Antenna 1 weakly setose, very long, slightly shorter than the total body length; peduncular article 1 stouter than and nearly as long as article 2; peduncular article 3 short, 0.26 x as long as article 2, bearing 1 or 2 spines ventrodistally; flagellum very long, 2.85 x as long as peduncle. Antenna 2 0.55 x as long as antenna 1; peduncular articles 1���3 short, article 4 slightly longer than article 5; flagellum 25 -articulate, 1.20 x as long as peduncular article 5. Epimera (Fig. 8 B) without seta or spine on ventral margins, curved ventrally. Lower lip (Fig. 8 C) inner lobe pubescent apically; outer lobe tripartite, medial lobe shorter than lateral lobe, both lobes densely pubescent apically. Mandible (Fig. 8 D) incisor and lacinia mobilis dentate, with 9 blunt teeth, respectively; molar truncate, more or less protruding; accessory setal row of 13 setae between lacinia mobilis and molar; palp well developed, triarticulate, proximal article short, distal article 1.38 x as long as article 2, with apical pinnate setae. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 8 E) inner plate relatively small, with 3 pinnate setae subapically; outer plate with 10 sclerotized simple or irregularly serrate spine-teeth; palp biarticulate, distal article with 7 conical spines and 3 pinnate setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate slightly smaller than outer one, both plates distomarginally setose. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 8 F) coxa subquadrate, bearing simple setae posterodistally; basis 1.26 x as long as merus and carpus combined, with long setae posteromarginally; propodus subequal to carpus, palm transverse, with 1 medial spine; dactylus falcate, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 8 G) coxa D-shaped, roundly curved anteromarginally, with unequal setae on posterodistal margin; basis subrectangular, narrowing proximally, with long simple setae posteromarginally, 1.49 x as long as merus and carpus combined; propodus very large, massive, 1.31 x as long as basis, tapering distally, posterior margin straight, palm obscure; dactylus very long, lacking penicillate seta anteroproximally, 1.17 x as long as propodus, apical portion extending beyond propodus and curved upwards. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 9 A) coxa subquadrate, with unequal setae on ventrodistal margin; basis 1.63 x as long as merus and carpus combined, both margins slightly bulging, posterior margin with long setae; merus 1.18 x as long as carpus, anterodistal part more or less extending toward carpus; subequal in width to length ratio of carpus and propodus; dactylus falcate, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 9 B) basis subcircular, relatively plump, 0.89 x as wide as long, 1.24 x as long as merus and carpus combined, with 4 spines on anteromedial margin, simple setae distal half of anterior margin; merus wider and 1.08 x longer than carpus; propodus bearing a row of spines, narrower and 1.45 x longer than carpus. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 9 C) coxa bilobate, anterior lobe roundly protruding downward; basis ovate, with a row of spines on anterior margin; propodus 1.38 x as long as carpus, with a row of spine-setae; dactylus falcate, with 1 penicillate seta anteroproximally; length ratio of articles 2���7 = 1.00: 0.26: 0.67: 0.55: 0.76: 0.26. Uropod 1 (Fig. 9 D) peduncle 1.87 x as long as inner ramus, with enlarged distoventral spur, 5 dorsolateral, 5 dorsomedial spines, and a row of basofacial setae laterally; outer ramus 0.84 x as long as inner one, rami bearing two rows of spines on both margins. Uropod 2 (Fig. 9 E) similar in structure but smaller than uropod 1, distoventral spur relatively short, peduncle 1.27 x as long as rami, with 3 dorsolateral and 2 dorsomedial spines; both rami subequal in length. Uropod 3 (Fig. 9 F) peduncle cylindrical, 2.31 x as long as outer ramus, bearing 3 groups of lateral setae, 2 groups of small spines distally; outer ramus bearing 2 hooked terminal spines, inner ramus with 2 medial spines and small spines and setae apically; both rami subequal in length. Telson (Fig. 9 G) subtriangular, more or less distally truncated, 1.44 x as wide as long, with 5 or 6 lateral setae, 1 or 2 simple and 1 plumose penicillate seta on each submarginal margin. Female. Body length 18.5 mm, similar to male in shape, but carpus of gnathopod 1 (Fig. 9 H) shorter and stouter than that of male, carpus to dactylus of gnathopod 2 (Fig. 9 I) showing sexual dimorphism; gnathopod 1, propodus slightly longer than carpus, gnathopod 2, palm of propodus oblique. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 9 J) slender, coxa small, subrectangular, length ratio of articles 2���7 = 1.00: 0.29: 0.70: 0.56: 0.78: 0.46. Remarks. Peramphithoe eoa (Br��ggen, 1907) has morphologically closest affinity to P. baegryeongensis Kim & Kim, 1988. However several morphological differences are found between P. e o a and P. baegryeongensis: 1) the length of antenna 1 of P. e o a relatively longer than P. baegryeongensis; 2) the inner plate of maxilla 1 of P. e o a bearing 3 setae, while 1 seta in P. baegryeongensis; 3) in male, the posterior margin of propodus of gnathopod 2 of P. eoa rather straight, while concave in P. baegryeongensis; 4) in male, dactylus of gnathopod 2 of P. e o a very long, longer than propodus, reach the middle portion of merus, while shorter than propodus in P. baegryeongensis. This species is distributed in the temperate north Pacific. Molecular data. CO 1 gene sequences (GenBank accession numbers JN 575623 ��� JN 575624) were obtained from two specimens. Sequence alignment was straightforward without any insertion or deletion. Intra-specific variation of the CO 1 gene sequence of the species ranged 0.1 %, while inter-specific variation ranged from a low of 10.7 % (P. e o a and P. namhaensis) to a high of 13.5 % (P. e o a and P. t e a) (Figure 12, Table 2). Distribution. North Pacific: Korea (east coast), Japan, Russia, Canada, US., Published as part of Kim, Young-Hyo, Hong, Soon-Sang, Conlan, Kathleen E. & Lee, Kyung-Sook, 2012, The genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 from Korean waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3400 on pages 11-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211185, {"references":["Gurjanova, E. (1938) Amphipoda Gammaroidea of Siaukhu Bay & Sudzukhe Bay (Japan Sea). Report of the Japan Sea Hydrobiological Expedition of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences USSR in 1934, 1, 241 - 404.","Barnard, J. L. (1954) Marine Amphipoda of Oregon. Oregon State Monographs, Studies in Zoology, 8, 1 - 103.","Tzvetkova, N. L. (1967) On the fauna and ecology of Amphipods (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) of the Possjet Bay (the Sea of Japan). Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 5, 160 - 195.","Conlan, K. E. & Bousfield E. L. (1982) The amphipod superfamily Corophioidea in the northeastern Pacific region: 1. Family Ampithoidae. Systematics and distributional ecology. Publications in Biological Oceanography, National Museums of Canada, 10 (2), 41 - 75.","Kim, H. S. & Kim, C. B. (1988) Marine gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of the family Ampithoidae from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology. Special Issue, 2, 107 - 134."]}

Predicting how communities respond to multiple, potentially interacting chemical stressors is inherently difficult because community structure and dynamics, the chemical properties of contaminants, and biological-chemical interactions vary with environmental conditions. Using a field experiment conducted in Antarctica, we tested whether 3 phyla of benthic soft-sediment marine invertebrates-annelids, arthropods, and echinoderms-respond differently to 2 common forms of contamination, organic enrichment and toxic contamination. Based on life history strategies and physiological tolerances to contaminants, we hypothesized that the principal responses of the 3 phyla would be: (1) enhanced abundance of annelids in organically enrichment sediments and (2) decreased abundance of arthropods and echinoderms in toxic metal contamination. Sediment treatments were established in the field experiment with an orthogonal combination of 3 levels of total organic carbon (TOC; 0, 1, and 2% by weight) and copper (Cu; 0, 100, and 500 mug Cu g(-1) sediment), and colonization patterns were observed after 1 yr. Densities of annelids (mainly polychaetes) increased with TOC across all levels of Cu. Arthropods and echinoderms decreased with Cu, but responded variably to TOC, based largely on differences in habitat preferences exhibited by epifaunal and infaunal species. Small subsurface arthropod species (amphipods, isopods, cumaceans, and ostracods) decreased in high organic loading, due to induction of and exposure to hypoxia and hydrogen sulfide, but large surface deposit-feeding echinoderms (asteroids and echinoids) responded positively to increased carbon food supply. We present a predictive model based on assessment of benthic community structure conducted at the taxonomic level of phyla that could be used to link cause and effect for multiple chemical stressors in marine ecosystems.