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Purpose: To assess changes in visual function and optical and tear film quality in computer users. Methods: Forty computer workers and 40 controls were evaluated at the beginning and end of a working day. Symptoms were assessed using the Quality of Vision questionnaire (QoV), 5‐item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ‐5) and Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye version II (SANDE II). Tear film quality was evaluated using the Medmont E300 dynamic corneal topography tool to measure the tear film surface quality (TFSQ), TFSQ area and auto tear break‐up time (TBUT). Optical quality was assessed by measuring high, low and total ocular aberrations with a Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensor. Visual performance was assessed by measuring photopic and mesopic visual acuity, photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity and light disturbance. Results: Poorer DEQ‐5, QoV and SANDE II scores were obtained in computer workers at the end of the working day compared with controls (p ≤ 0.02). Computer workers exhibited a higher (worse) TFSQ and TFSQ area at visit 2 compared with visit 1 (p ≤ 0.04), while no significant differences in TBUT (p = 0.19) or ocular aberrations were observed (p ≥ 0.09). Additionally, both light disturbance (p ≤ 0.04) and mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity worsened at several spatial frequencies (p ≤ 0.04) throughout the working day in computer workers, while visual acuity remained unchanged (p ≥ 0.07). In contrast, control subjects exhibited no decrease in any variable during the day. Conclusions: While visual acuity remained unchanged, several aspects of visual function and quality of vision decreased over a day of computer use. These changes were accompanied by greater dry eye symptoms and tear film changes, which are likely to have played a fundamental role. The present study provides insight into new metrics to assess digital eye strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic information resources provided by academic libraries in Nigeria are receiving not being optimally used, and researchers have linked this problem to factors such as the computer attitude of the users. This study examines the level of computer attitude among undergraduate students in Southwest Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research method. The study population is 3,210 undergraduate students, out of which 800 students were randomly selected as the study sample. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The result shows a positive computer attitude among the students (Mean =2.83). However, it was found that computer attitude (β = -.033, P >.05) is not a significant predictor of electronic information resources use among undergraduates in southwest Nigeria. The study concludes that adequate training and user education programs are necessary for academic libraries to orient students about the importance of libraryprovided electronic information resources and equip them with the necessary skills to use them easily. The study recommends improved awareness and user education targeted at undergraduates to boost the use of electronic information resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online crowdsourcing platforms have made it increasingly easy to perform evaluations of algorithm outputs with survey questions like "which image is better, A or B?", leading to their proliferation in vision and graphics research papers. Results of these studies are often used as quantitative evidence in support of a paper's contributions. On the one hand we argue that, when conducted hastily as an afterthought, such studies lead to an increase of uninformative, and, potentially, misleading conclusions. On the other hand, in these same communities, user research is underutilized in driving project direction and forecasting user needs and reception. We call for increased attention to both the design and reporting of user studies in computer vision and graphics papers towards (1) improved replicability and (2) improved project direction. Together with this call, we offer an overview of methodologies from user experience research (UXR), human-computer interaction (HCI), and applied perception to increase exposure to the available methodologies and best practices. We discuss foundational user research methods (e.g., needfinding) that are presently underutilized in computer vision and graphics research, but can provide valuable project direction. We provide further pointers to the literature for readers interested in exploring other UXR methodologies. Finally, we describe broader open issues and recommendations for the research community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the readiness of pre-service social studies teachers for online learning. It was investigated whether the readiness of pre-service social studies teachers for online learning varies by gender, grade, way of getting internet access, device used in online learning, and level of computer use. In the academic year 2021-2022, 94 pre-service social studies teachers from a public university in Turkey's Eastern Black Sea region compose the sample for the study. The data were collected using the "Readiness Scale for Online Learning," which had been translated into Turkish. The survey model, one of the quantitative research designs, was employed for the analysis of the data obtained within the scope of the study. The SPSS program was used to analyze the data. The collected data were tabulated and interpreted. As a result, it was observed that the readiness level of pre-service social studies teachers for online learning was above the average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid nanogenerators based on the principle of surface charging of functional films are significant in self-powering sensing and energy conversion devices due to their multiple functions and high conversion efficiency, although applications remain limited due to a lack of suitable materials and structures. Here, we investigate a triboelectric-piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator (TPHNG) in the form of a mousepad for computer user behavior monitoring and energy harvesting. Triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators with different functional films and structures work independently to detect sliding and pressing movements, and the profitable coupling between the two nanogenerators leads to enhanced device outputs/sensitivity. Different mouse operations such as clicking, scrolling, taking-up/putting-down, sliding, moving rate, and pathing can be detected by the device via distinguishable patterns of voltage ranging from 0.6 to 36 V. Based on operation recognition, human behavior monitoring is realized, with monitoring of tasks such as browsing a document and playing a computer game being successfully demonstrated. Energy harvesting from mouse sliding, patting, and bending of the device is realized with output voltages up to 37 V and power up to 48 μW while exhibiting good durability up to 20,000 cycles. This work presents a TPHNG utilizing surface charging for self-powered human behavior sensing and biomechanical energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a proof‐of‐concept designer‐in‐the‐loop schematic map drawing tool, based on the marriage of two approaches—manual and automated, which provides the technical interactivity of drawing tools between the user and the computer. We focus on concentric circle maps as opposed to the commonly used orthogonal mode representation, which is suggested by previous studies that it could promote better network learning. In comparison with existing methods, the proposed method is more compatible with the framework of effective map design from psychological and aesthetic perspectives, and a range of options can be provided in conjunction with users' preferences. We evaluated our approach on a set of iterations with case studies of Hong Kong metro with a group of three co‐authors from the fields of geography, transport engineering, and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technology has affected practically every aspect of modern life. Sitting is something that humans do for a number of purposes, including work (particularly for those who work in the computer industry), and for enjoyment. Daily computer use causes frequent neck and back pain. Flexed head and neck postures might cause neck pain during work. Pauses and postural modifications help avoid pain and sickness. Recent wearables can sense spinal alignment and provide immediate feedback on improper posture. Posture monitoring can help treat or change a user's posture. In this narrative review, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cross-Ref, Cochrane, and ResearchGate were searched for English-only papers using review-specific keywords and fifty-one items were found. The search was narrowed by using more particular terms, such as "wearable postural correction sensors," "forward head posture," "neck discomfort in smartphone or computer users," and "neck workouts." Only current papers from 2015 onwards were considered. After filtering for relevancy, twenty-five articles were included. Researcher should identify intervention functions, policy categories, and tactics for behaviour change. Researchers have also examined neck discomfort, forward head posture in young individuals while using smartphones and computers, and posture correction using a wearable postural correction sensor. And also appropriate arrangement and support to administering a home and workplace fitness programme that eliminates pain and impairment while enhancing Forward Head Posture (FHP) and endurance. This review aimed to thoroughly examine existing literature for evidence concerning prevalent problems among smartphone and computer users such as neck discomfort and forward head position, postural correction sensor, and impact of exercises on neck discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The study could be used for sitting posture monitoring in a work-from-home setup. This could also be used for rehabilitation purposes of patients who has posture-related problems. Human posture recognition is one of the most challenging tasks due to the variation in human appearance, changes in the background and illumination, additional noise in the frame, and diverse characteristics and amount of data generated. Aside from these, generating a high configuration for recognition of human body parts, occlusion, nearly identical parts of the body, variations of colors due to clothing, and other various factors make this task one of the hardest in computer vision. Therefore, these studies require high-computing devices and machines that could handle the computational load of this task. This study used a small-scale convolutional neural network and a smartphone built-in camera to recognize proper and improper sitting posture in a work-from-home setup. Aside from the recognition of body points, this study also utilized points' distances and angles to help in recognition. Overall, the study was able to develop two objective datasets capturing the left and right side of the participants with the supervision and guidance of licensed physical therapists. The study shows accuracies of 85.18% and 92.07%, and kappas of 0.691 and 0.838, respectively. The system was developed, implemented, and tested in a work-from-home environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Work-related low back pain is very common in computer users due to prolonged sitting time at work. The lower back muscle strength weakness is associated with occurrence of back pain in computer users. It is very essential to find out effective back pain prevention methods at sub-clinical level. Aims. This study aims to investigate the Biering-Sorensen test as a screening tool to measure lower back muscle strength and sub-clinical back strain in computer users. Methods. This cross-sectional study recruited 520 IT employees (262 men and 258 women) from various companies in Q City Tech Park, Hyderabad. The subjects without any back pain from the last year were included in this study. The Biering-Sorensen test was used to assess back extensor muscle endurance strength. All the participants were assessed position hold time (PHT). The Biering-Sorensen test itself is a provocative of back pain. Any back strain during the test was also recorded for data analysis. Results. Logistic regression analysis showed significant association between back extensor endurance strength and risk of back strain in both genders (p<0.01 and p=0.04). Position hold time for poor and medium performance categories were positively associated with a risk of back strain, whereas good performance category has no significant association. Conclusions. The results of this study are helpful to understand the possibility of back pain occurrence at sub-clinical level. We believe that the Biering- Sorensen test could have a great value to design appropriate back pain prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ingeniería - UPTC is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the relevance of remote activities and digital tools for education, work, and other aspects of daily life. This reality has highlighted the need for emotion recognition technology to better understand the emotions of computer users and provide support in remote environments. Emotion recognition can play a critical role in improving the remote experience and ensuring that individuals are able to effectively engage in computer-based tasks remotely. This paper presents a new dataset, DevEmo, that can be used to train deep learning models for the purpose of emotion recognition of computer users. The dataset consists of 217 video clips of 33 students solving programming tasks. The recordings were collected in the participants' actual work environment, capturing the students' facial expressions as they engaged in programming tasks. The DevEmo dataset is labeled to indicate the presence of the four emotions (anger, confusion, happiness, and surprise) and a neutral state. The dataset provides a unique opportunity to explore the relationship between emotions and computer-related activities, and has the potential to support the development of more personalized and effective tools for computer-based learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online criminals are focusing their attention more and more on ordinary computer users, seeking to take advantage of them through a variety of social and technological exploitation techniques. Some hackers are getting more skilled and determined. The ability to conceal their identities, keep their communications secret, keep their finances separate from their activities, and make use of private infrastructure are all areas in which cybercriminals have shown a high degree of proficiency. It is of the utmost importance to safeguard computers with surveillance systems that are able to identify complex varieties of malware. In this paper, we utilized machine learning algorithm to validate the samples from different datasets. The machine learning classifier is utilized to find the efficacy of the entire model in validating the class samples. The simulation is conducted in python to test the efficacy of the model against various class of datasets. The results show that the proposed method achieves higher degree of accuracy than the other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital eye strain (DES) affects an estimated 60 million people worldwide, with a higher prevalence among populations that are occupationally reliant on digital display devices. Aim: This study investigated risk factors of DES and ergonomic practices among computer users at Al-Baha University. Setting: The study was conducted among computer users at Al-Baha University. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and data were gathered using self-administered questionnaires. Results: A total of 360 computer users participated (mean age: 36.33 years, standard deviation [s.d.]: 7.08). The lifetime and daily computer usage were 8.38 (s.d.: = 1.04) years and 4.37 (s.d.: = 2.07) hours, respectively, with 30% of respondents having used computers for more than 10 years. The baseline total eye complaints score was either mild or moderate for 64.7% and severe for 35% of the sample. The total workstation design score was poor for 47.1% and fair for 35.5% of the sample. The regression analysis of potential DES risk factors found statistically significant coefficients for the duration of daily computer use, use of contact lenses, poor ergonomic practices, poor workstation design and use of non-prescription spectacles. Conclusion: This study emphasises the need for learning institutions and public health policy makers to not only raise awareness about digital eye strain but also impose time restrictions and breaks on digital-based activities and generally improve workstation design and ergonomic conditions. Contribution: This study offers a basis for targeted interventions to prevent and manage DES, particularly within learning settings.

Digital technology has affected practically every aspect of modern life. Sitting is something that humans do for a number of purposes, including work (particularly for those who work in the computer industry), and for enjoyment. Daily computer use causes frequent neck and back pain. Flexed head and neck postures might cause neck pain during work. Pauses and postural modifications help avoid pain and sickness. Recent wearables can sense spinal alignment and provide immediate feedback on improper posture. Posture monitoring can help treat or change a user’s posture. In this narrative review, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cross-Ref, Cochrane, and ResearchGate were searched for English-only papers using review-specific keywords and fifty-one items were found. The search was narrowed by using more particular terms, such as “wearable postural correction sensors,” “forward head posture,” “neck discomfort in smartphone or computer users,” and “neck workouts.” Only current papers from 2015 onwards were considered. After filtering for relevancy, twenty-five articles were included. Researcher should identify intervention functions, policy categories, and tactics for behaviour change. Researchers have also examined neck discomfort, forward head posture in young individuals while using smartphones and computers, and posture correction using a wearable postural correction sensor. And also appropriate arrangement and support to administering a home and workplace fitness programme that eliminates pain and impairment while enhancing Forward Head Posture (FHP) and endurance. This review aimed to thoroughly examine existing literature for evidence concerning prevalent problems among smartphone and computer users such as neck discomfort and forward head position, postural correction sensor, and impact of exercises on neck discomfort.

Objective: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in those who use computers, and education using ergonomic principles may be helpful to prevent such conditions. The present study sought to identify how an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) may be effective for adopting healthy ergonomic postures. Methods: A convenience sample of 162 computer users working in a hospital setting in Iran were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention group (n = 81) received six weekly educational sessions based on TPB principles, whereas the control group received no intervention during the study period. Both groups were assessed at baseline and 3 months after the intervention using a TPB questionnaire, rapid office strain assessment (ROSA), and Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the independent/paired Student's t test, chi-square, and analysis of covariance. Results: All TPB constructs in the intervention group improved from baseline to follow-up, indicating considerable progress compared to the control group (p < 0.001). More than 60% of intervention and control groups were categorized as high risk at baseline in terms of ergonomic posture measured by ROSA. This percentage was reduced to 21% for intervention group and increased to 65% in the control group at follow-up. Symptom relief was obtained for wrist/hands, lower back, neck, shoulders and upper back in the intervention group (all p < 0.05). The number of affected areas also significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group three months after the intervention. Conclusion: Educational programs based on TPB principles may be helpful in correcting ergonomic postures among computer users. Such interventions are recommended for worksite health promotion in that they may prevent the development of musculoskeletal disorders in staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital eye strain (DES) affects an estimated 60 million people worldwide, with a higher prevalence among populations that are occupationally reliant on digital display devices. Aim: This study investigated risk factors of DES and ergonomic practices among computer users at Al-Baha University. Setting: The study was conducted among computer users at Al-Baha University. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and data were gathered using self-administered questionnaires. Results: A total of 360 computer users participated (mean age: 36.33 years, standard deviation [s.d.]: 7.08). The lifetime and daily computer usage were 8.38 (s.d.: = 1.04) years and 4.37 (s.d.: = 2.07) hours, respectively, with 30% of respondents having used computers for more than 10 years. The baseline total eye complaints score was either mild or moderate for 64.7% and severe for 35% of the sample. The total workstation design score was poor for 47.1% and fair for 35.5% of the sample. The regression analysis of potential DES risk factors found statistically significant coefficients for the duration of daily computer use, use of contact lenses, poor ergonomic practices, poor workstation design and use of non-prescription spectacles. Conclusion: This study emphasises the need for learning institutions and public health policy makers to not only raise awareness about digital eye strain but also impose time restrictions and breaks on digital-based activities and generally improve workstation design and ergonomic conditions. Contribution: This study offers a basis for targeted interventions to prevent and manage DES, particularly within learning settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how computing discourses, including user guides, news articles, and advertisements, urged personal computer users in the 1970s and 1980s to preventively care for their devices. Through hygiene recommendations related to eating, drinking, and dusting, these discourses warned that computers' "health" depended upon humans. Importantly, they interpreted care as individual responsibility by putting the onus on users to behave properly. Within this frame, such texts described repairs as unfortunate medical interventions resulting from neglect. The piece argues that computing discourses have historically defined "care" and "repair" in opposition, as acts of doting prevention and undesirable intervention, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an updated model of playing a computer game as the user's interaction with its system, taking into consideration audiovisuality as the fundamental channel for computerhuman communication. Interactivity is an inherent property of computer games, which clearly distinguishes them from other kinds of games: it is therefore a defining feature of computer games. On the other hand, audiovisuality is a necessary characteristic, following from the communication between the computer and its user, taking place mainly in the channel of synchronized image and sound, which is dominant in human perception. The point of departure for the model development is an analysis of human interaction with the machine which runs the game system; in the model, there is a dynamic change from interactivity of a computer game to a human being's interaction with the computer while playing, which makes it possible to fully account for the complexity of the situation of playing a computer game. The presented model combines the ludic aspect of a computer game (interactive entertainment) with the capacity to convey messages (an audiovisual cultural text), and from a commmunicative perspective, it unambiguously assigns a human being the role of the subject using a computer game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The modeling of software functional requirements is very important in the development of software systems. In addition, it is also highly important to model security requirements, specifically authentication requirements, to prevent security risks and threats at the design level. The authentication requirements impose various constraints on granting access to only legitimate users to use computer resources. These constraints play an important role in the modeling of functional and authentication concerns of software systems. However, due to their crosscutting nature, their modeling results in pervasiveness across several design models. These constraints crosscut other constraints, which raises the problems of tangling and scattering. As a result, it is highly difficult to manage and maintain the constraints put on design models. Moreover, taking ad hoc approaches to deal with these constraints in complex systems is likely to result in faulty design models. All the existing approaches only deal with crosscutting behavior and completely ignore the crosscutting constraints. Therefore, our main research objective is to improve the modeling of crosscutting constraints and remove the scattering and tangling problems. For this purpose, we propose an authentication-oriented approach to modeling these constraints using the aspect-oriented technique. Using this approach, two case studies are implemented. Finally, the results show that the tangling and scattering problems are eliminated by separately modeling the crosscutting constraints as aspects using aspect OCL. This reduces the overall number of constraints and lowers the maintenance and management effort, which ultimately reduces the complexity of sequence models. The constraint-oriented sequence models are successfully verified, which shows that the output models are correct and complete. To conclude, our research approach is more useful and effective than the other approaches as it covers all the necessary steps required for functional and authentication behavior and constraint modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) has long been used to keep automated bots from misusing web services by leveraging human-artificial intelligence (HAI) interactions to distinguish whether the user is a human or a computer program. Various CAPTCHA schemes have been proposed over the years, principally to increase usability and security against emerging bots and hackers performing malicious operations. However, automated attacks have effectively cracked all common conventional schemes, and the majority of present CAPTCHA methods are also vulnerable to human-assisted relay attacks. Invisible reCAPTCHA and some approaches have not yet been cracked. However, with the introduction of fourth-generation bots accurately mimicking human behavior, a secure CAPTCHA would be hardly designed without additional special devices. Almost all cognitive-based CAPTCHAs with sensor support have not yet been compromised by automated attacks. However, they are still compromised to human-assisted relay attacks due to having a limited number of challenges and can be only solved using trusted devices. Obviously, cognitive-based CAPTCHA schemes have an advantage over other schemes in the race against security attacks. In this study, as a strong starting point for creating future secure and usable CAPTCHA schemes, we have offered an overview analysis of HAI between computer users and computers under the security aspects of open problems, difficulties, and opportunities of current CAPTCHA schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on a grounded theory investigation of subject response anomalies that were encountered in the course of a neurocognitive laboratory study of computer user cybersecurity behaviors. Subsequent qualitative data collection led to theoretical development in specification of three broad constructs of computer user security complacency. Theoretical insights indicate that states of security complacency can arise in the form of a naïve lack of concern about the likelihood of facing security threats (inherent complacency), from ill-advised dependence upon specific computing platforms and protective workplace technology implementations for protection (platform complacency), as well as the reliance on the guidance on advice from trusted social others in personal and workplace networks (social complacency). Elements of an emergent theory of cybersecurity complacency arising from our interpretive insights are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trace data—users’ digital records when interacting with technology—can reveal their cognitive dynamics when making decisions on websites in real time. Here, we present a trace-data method, analyzing movements captured via a computer mouse, to assess potential fraud when filling out an online form. In contrast to existing fraud-detection methods, which analyze information after submission, mouse-movement traces can capture the cognitive deliberations as possible indicators of fraud as it is happening. We report two controlled studies using different tasks, where participants could freely commit fraud to benefit themselves financially. As they performed the tasks, we captured mouse-cursor movement data and found that participants who entered fraudulent responses moved their mouse significantly more slowly and with greater deviation. We show that the extent of fraud matters such that more extensive fraud increases movement deviation and decreases movement speed. These results demonstrate the efficacy of analyzing mouse-movement traces to detect fraud during online transactions in real time, enabling organizations to confront fraud proactively as it is happening at internet scale. Our method of analyzing actual user behaviors in real time can complement other behavioral methods in the context of fraud and a variety of other contexts and settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the cumulative injuries that result from working in dangerous conditions and poor postures over several years. One of the major problems for computer users is musculoskeletal disorders. The present study investigated the effect of teaching ergonomics to computer users on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on the administrative staff of Imam Reza (AS) hospital in Mashhad, Iran. In this study, 77 administrative and support staff were selected using the simple random sampling method. After the initial assessment of their physical condition during work, an ergonomic educational intervention program was given to the users to reduce their musculoskeletal injury factors during a threemonth period. Their physical condition was assessed before and after the training using the rapid office strain assessment method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20). Results: The mean age of participants was 36.4±6.62 years old and their mean work experience was 13/8%±6.12 years. The prevalence of discomfort and pain was mainly reported in the lumbar region (57.2%) and neck (43.8%). Moreover, the highest frequency of rapid office strain assessment method score was 5 before training (42.3%), which reached 9.6% after the intervention and training of staff. The scores of 6, 3, 4, and 2 were 18.3%, 15.7%, 14.6%, and 7.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed the importance of teaching the principles of ergonomics for using computer systems in reducing musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, it was found that the level of musculoskeletal disorders in this group of occupations can be minimized with proper training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of mobile crowdsensing (MCS) has revolutionized data collection method. As an important means of guaranteeing data quality, user recruitment is critical to sensing task completion. Aiming at the problem of user privacy disclosure in user recruitment, particularly when sensing platforms lack prior knowledge of user quality, we propose a Privacy-Preserving User Recruitment scheme (PPUR) which can maximize sensing quality in a lightweight and efficient manner. We design multiple secure protocols for both user quality calculation and user recruitment based on additive secret sharing (ASS). Specifically, we propose Secure user Quality Calculation (SQC) protocol to assess user quality instead of requiring user interaction in the case of unknown ground truth. Combinatorial multi-armed bandit (CMAB) based Secure User Recruitment (SUR) protocol, effectively tackles the challenge of recruiting multiple users without prior knowledge and user interactivity while adhering to budget and time limitations. Theoretical analysis confirms lightweight overhead of the PPUR scheme and its multi-class data security. Experimental results show that SQC has superior performance in both computational cost and communication overhead. The regret indicator's findings demonstrate that SUR can effectively utilize budget and time to achieve optimal user recruitment decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User interaction data comprises events that capture individual actions that a user performs on their computer. Such events provide detailed records about how users carry out their tasks in a process, even when this involves different applications. Although the comprehensiveness of such data provides a promising basis for process mining, user interaction events cannot be used directly for this purpose, because they do not meet two essential requirements. In particular, they neither indicate their relation to a process-level activity nor their relation to a specific process execution. Therefore, user interaction data needs to be transformed so that it meets these requirements before process mining techniques can be applied. This transformation problem comprises identifying tasks and their types and determining the relation between tasks and process executions. While some existing approaches tackle parts of this problem, none address it comprehensively. Therefore, we propose an unsupervised approach for recognizing task-level events from user interaction data that addresses it in full. It segments user interaction data to identify tasks, categorizes these according to their type, and relates tasks to each other via object instances it extracts from the user interaction events. In this manner, our approach creates task-level events that meet the requirements of process mining settings. Our evaluation demonstrates the approach's efficacy and shows that its combined consideration of control-flow, data, and semantic information allows it to outperform baseline approaches in both online and offline settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing is the ability to provide new technologies and standard cloud services. One of the essential features of cloud computing is the provision of "unlimited" computer resources to users on demand. However, single cloud resources are generally limited and may not be able to cope with the sudden rise in user needs. Therefore, the inter-cloud concept is introduced to support resource sharing between clouds. In this system, each cloud can tap the resources of other clouds when there are not enough resources to meet the demands of the consumer. In cloud computing, allocating the available resources of service nodes to on-demand tasks is an important concern. To achieve this, in this paper, multiagent with multi-objective optimized resource allocation on inter-cloud is proposed. The proposed algorithm is a combination of adaptive tree seed optimization (ATSO) and multi-agent. The proposed approach consists of four agents namely, user interface agent, monitoring agent, scheduler agent, and Executer agent. Initially, the user agent collects the task from the users, and the monitoring agent reports the resource list to the scheduler agent. Based on the resource list, the scheduler agent schedules the task with the help of ATSO. Finally, the executer agent, allocate the task to the resources. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using makespan, cost, and resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-computer integration is an emerging area in which the boundary between humans and technology is blurred as users and computers work collaboratively and share agency to execute tasks. The sense of agency (SoA) is an experience that arises by a combination of a voluntary motor action and sensory evidence whether the corresponding body movements have somehow influenced the course of external events. The SoA is not only a key part of our experiences in daily life but also in our interaction with technology as it gives us the feeling of "I did that" as opposed to "the system did that," thus supporting a feeling of being in control. This feeling becomes critical with human-computer integration, wherein emerging technology directly influences people's body, their actions, and the resulting outcomes. In this review, we analyse and classify current integration technologies based on what we currently know about agency in the literature, and propose a distinction between body augmentation, action augmentation, and outcome augmentation. For each category, we describe agency considerations and markers of differentiation that illustrate a relationship between assistance level (low, high), agency delegation (human, technology), and integration type (fusion, symbiosis). We conclude with a reflection on the opportunities and challenges of integrating humans with computers, and finalise with an expanded definition of human-computer integration including agency aspects which we consider to be particularly relevant. The aim this review is to provide researchers and practitioners with guidelines to situate their work within the integration research agenda and consider the implications of any technologies on SoA, and thus overall user experience when designing future technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of economic and culture, intangible cultural heritage has gradually moved towards the public, and at the same time, many cultural and creative products have been derived. In the face of fierce market competition, nonheritage and creative products gradually occupied a certain market share with their unique cultural heritage and won the love of some consumers. However, at the same time, the development of nonheritage and creative products cannot keep up with the market that is changing with each other, and the design and development of cultural and creative products are far behind market changes. Moreover, the recognition of some consumers cannot improve the booming development of nonheritage creative products, and the future development of nonheritage and creative products is facing a serious crisis. Computer vision has absolute advantages in image processing, which can help nonheritage products for development and design, and further improve the quality of the product. In the process of designing and developing a certain product, our commonly used research method is user experience. User experience strategies can help us design cultural and creative products that fit the characteristics of the times from the perspective of consumers. This article introduces the basic architecture and guidelines of the user experience strategy. In addition, the main research object of this article is nonheritage and creative products, which aims to explore how to use various design thinking methods to develop more valuable products. On this basis, this article integrates computer vision technology in the process of designing and development of nonheritage cultural and creative products and supplemented by user experience strategies to further innovate the design concept of cultural and creative products. Experiments show that the design and development of intangible cultural heritage products based on computer vision and user experience can effectively improve product quality, and the product qualification rate basically reaches 90%. At the same time, this move can further stimulate consumers' desire to purchase, and their purchase intention can reach up to 72%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Symptomatic dry eye disease is a growing public health challenge especially among those who are visual display unit (VDU) users and other long-time near activity workers. Globally, computer user adults experience a surge in the prevalence of dry eye. Data is insufficient on the prevalence of dry eye disease among postgraduate students in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present was aimed to assess the prevalence of dry eye and its associated factors among postgraduate students at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 423 postgraduate students who were selected based on a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected through online symptom-based ocular surface disease index questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association and p-value of <0.05 was considered to determine the significance of the association. Results: From the total postgraduate students, 404 completed the study with a response rate of 95.5%. The prevalence of symptomatic dry eye disease was 50.5% (95% CI, 45.1%-54.9%). Average continuous visual display unit use for 2-4hours per day[AOR = 2.57 (95% CI, 1.27–5.21)] and for> 4hours per day[AOR = 3.77 (95% CI 1.87–7.59)], duration of visual display unit use for 3–5 years [AOR = 2.24 (95% CI, 1.17–4.31)], 6–8 years [AOR = 2.46 (95% CI,1.31–4.62)] and > 8 years [AOR = 3.25 (95% CI, 1.63–6.48)], average sleeping hour < 7 hours/day within last week [AOR = 2.17 (95% CI, 1.35–3.49)] and current known allergic conjunctivitis [AOR = 5.42 (95% CI, 2.43–12.10)] were significantly associated with symptomatic dry eye disease. Conclusion and recommendation: In this study, about half of postgraduate students faced symptomatic dry eye disease. Significant association was observed between symptomatic dry eye disease and average continuous hours of visual display unit use, duration of visual display unit use in years, shortage of sleep and current known allergic conjunctivitis. It is advisable for postgraduate students to limit screen exposure hour and establish regular breaking time along their exposure. It is also advisable to have optimum sleep as possible. It is also important to explore dry eye disease on a large sample incorporating clinical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ken and Katie married in 1953 and enjoyed 68 years of marriage before Ken's passing. Any catch-up conversation with Ken included a fond recollection of Katie and Ken's most recent forays together to explore some portion of the Oregon Trail or the history of Jayhawkers in Lawrence during the Civil War years. Dedicated to the very end, Ken continued working on manuscripts well into his 96th year and it was only at the age of 95 that Ken announced to his family that he planned to stop updating his curriculum vitae for the Department. While working at RMBL, Ken would host marmot researchers from around the world who came to learn about his study, and later in life, Ken travelled to visit marmot researchers around the world including those in Canada, France, Italy, Switzerland, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Russia. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: This study aimed to identify workstation factors influencing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among information technology (IT) professionals in Indonesia., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 IT workers at small-enterprise companies who were randomly selected across East Java, Indonesia. The data were modeled using multiple linear regression, with a 95% level of confidence for determining statistical significance., Results: The respondents reported that the neck had the highest level of discomfort and was the most at risk of WMSDs, followed by the lower back, right shoulder, and upper back. Screen use duration (p=0.040) was associated with whole-body WMSDs, along with seat width (p=0.059), armrest (p=0.027), monitor (p=0.046), and a combined telephone and monitor score (p=0.028). Meanwhile, the factors significantly related to the risk of WMSDs in the hands and wrist were working period (p=0.039), night shift (p=0.024), backrest (p=0.008), and mouse score (p=0.032)., Conclusions: Occupational safety authorities, standards-setting departments, and policymakers should prioritize addressing the risk factors for WMSDs among IT professionals.

Background/Aim. Risk factors concerning computer userelated migraine onsets are still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of headaches in computer users as well as the effects of computer use and behavior on the prediction of migraine presence. Methods. A cross-sectional study included 1,500 subjects from the general population who were given a questionnaire to assess the presence and type of headache and questions regarding computer-assisted behavior. All examinees were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of respondents who had a headache, and the second group consisted of subjects without a headache. Results. A total of 67.9% of the subjects had a headache, of which 23.9% had a migraine. Results of multinomial regression analysis showed that significant predictors of the migraine group, compared to the group without headache, were gender (female) and family anamnesis positive for migraine, as well as spending more time on the computer, making shorter and infrequent breaks in which physical activities were less included. Furthermore, members of the migraine group, compared with the group with other types of headaches, were younger and had family anamnesis, rarely made pauses during computer use, and their pauses were shorter. Conclusion. Improper and excessive computer use could be considered a risk factor for migraine occurrence, particularly in young people who have positive family anamnesis for migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a condition resulting from uninterrupted focus of the eyes on a display device in which the eye muscles are strained. The study was conducted with the objective as to find out the incidence and prevention of computers vision syndrome (CVS) particularly “dry eye” in regular computer users. Study design Observational, cross sectional Methodology A “questionnaire proforma” was prepared and distributed to the willing candidates. It was based on symptoms of dry eye, sensitivity of eyes to various environmental conditions, history of medications contributing to dry eye, working hours on computers etc. The visual effects of various display characteristics such as lighting, glare, display quality, refresh rates, and radiation are also briefly discussed. Results Out of 390 regular computer users, 88 (30.3%) were found to have dry eye problem. This study concluded that although the computers vision syndrome is associated with a variety of ocular symptoms related to computer use including eyestrain, tired eyes, irritation, redness, blurred/double vision, headache and shoulder pain, this article was primarily focused on “dry eye” the major contributor to computer vision syndrome symptoms. Management requires a multidirectional approach to improve visual comfort. This approach includes workstation adjustment, anti-glare fitters, regular breaks during work, appropriate lighting, and ocular therapy. Additional substantial research and studies are needed to better understand CVS such as its causes and creating better solutions to address it. However, lubrication of the eyes and special glasses can help reduce ocular surface related symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to evaluate a conceptualised learning design for the growth of techno-pedagogic competencies among Pre-Service Teachers (PST). A teaching experiment is conducted for assessing the effectiveness of the conceptualised learning design by implementing it in a two-year teacher training programme for one year on 36 PST. The progress in the techno-pedagogic competencies' growth is measured through the self-reporting rating scale, assessment of lesson activities prepared by the PST and semi-structured interview. The result of repeated measure ANOVA statistically signifies the growth of techno-pedagogic competencies amongst PST who participated in the teaching experiment. The assessment of lesson activities further illustrated the growth of techno-pedagogic competencies. PST also reported that they have learned new ways of integrating technology into teaching and have become a more confident user of computers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged computer-related work can be linked to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the upper limbs and improper posture. In this regard, we report on developing resources supporting improper posture studies based on motion capture sensors. These resources were used to create a baseline detector for the automated detection of improper sitting postures, which was next used to evaluate the applicability of Hjorth's parameters—Activity, Mobility and Complexity—on the specific classification task. Specifically, based on accelerometer data, we computed Hjorth's time-domain parameters, which we stacked as feature vectors and fed to a binary classifier (kNN, decision tree, linear SVM and Gaussian SVM). The experimental evaluation in a setup involving two different keyboard types (standard and ergonomic) validated the practical worth of the proposed sitting posture detection method, and we reported an average classification accuracy of up to 98.4%. We deem that this research contributes toward creating an automated system for improper posture monitoring for people working on a computer for prolonged periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper proposes a real-time hand gesture recognition interface called VUCIS (Virtual User Computer Interaction System) to operate a mouse, keyboard and stylus. OpenCV and MediaPipe Hands are used to achieve this. OpenCV is utilized for its powerful image processing capabilities and computer vision. MediaPipe Hands library is used to generate 21 landmarks on a hand. By using a combination of various landmarks, a distinct gesture is assigned to a task performed by the input devices. The proposed interface allows users to interact with computers easily, reduces the need for keyboard and mouse as external hardware in certain circumstances and eliminates any form of contact with a surface, minimizing the spread of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, an extended classification of Internet users penetrating in computer networks and a definition of the motivation as a psychological and emotional state and main prerequisites for modelling of network intruder's activity are suggested. A mathematical model as a quadratic function of malicious individual's behavior and impact on the computer network based on three quantified factors, motivation, satisfaction and system protection is developed. Numerical simulation experiments of the unauthorized access and its effect onto the computer network are carried out. The obtained results are graphically illustrated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]