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The paper surface efficiency is the physical measurement of the paper gloss and ink absorption ability, it is also the paper printing eligibility index related to the optical properties and the quality of printing products. We chose the different types of paper, print paper with three kinds of primary color ink and test the color strength, color deviation, gray level and color efficiency. We also analyzed the relationship between paper surface efficiency and ink color effect to provide data reference for practical production. The experimental results showed that the surface efficiency of the paper has great influence on the ink color effect. The paper with good surface efficiency has great ink reproduction performance, while the paper with poor surface efficiency has poor ink reproduction performance. Therefore, the actual printing should be based on the need and choice of suitable paper. High gloss paper should compensate with high absorbency and low gloss paper need to compensate with low absorption in order to improve paper surface efficiency and get printing products of high quality.

In this paper, an effective method based on the smallest repeat unit recognition (SRUR) algorithm is proposed to inspect the color effect of yarn-dyed fabric automatically. This method consists of three main steps: (1) color pattern preliminary recognition; (2) weave repeat unit recognition; (3) color yarn repeat unit recognition. In the first step, the floats in the fabric are located by yarn position segmented with mathematical statistics of sub-images and the colors of all floats classified by the fuzzy C-means algorithm. The color yarn layout is recognized by statistical analysis and the color pattern is roughly generated. In the second step, the weave repeat unit is found based on the preliminary color pattern. The weave repeat unit is extracted from the incompletely recognized weave pattern matrix by the SRUR algorithm. In the last step, according to the weave repeat unit and the preliminary identified color pattern, the color yarn layout is rectified by the improved statistical analysis, and the color yarn repeat unit is finally obtained by the SRUR algorithm. According to the weave and color yarn repeat units, the color effect is produced. The experimental analysis proved that the proposed method can recognize color effects of yarn-dyed fabrics with satisfactory accuracy.

Yarns modeling are the key problem for tufted carpet 3D visual simulation. This paper deals with three-dimensional yarns structure modeling for tufted carpet simulation. The yarn is modeled as an assembly of fiber bundles which also include of a lot of fibers. to simulate fiber bundle dividing fiber bundle into many segments along its trajectory, and each fiber paths displayed are generated by NURBS curves. Through control the control points and color of NURBS to get certain cross-section and color effect of fiber bundle outlook. And finally use the fiber bundle to form the final yarn model. Test result shown the modeling method is suitable for carpet simulation.

As offices increasingly move into the center of large cities, office workers are short of time to focus on their tasks and unable to improve their efficiency due to commuting time, transportation cost and reduced working space. As a measure to solve such complex issues, "smart office" is drawing attention in recent years. It is also needed to correctly understand the psychological effect of color and which color can improve efficiency. This study aims to investigate how color has an effect on emotional change to improve the efficiency of creative activities in smart office, using an experiment. The experiment was conducted using the Profile of Mood States(POMS) test: a portable form of color paper was placed on the table of office and a creative activity was performed using LEGO blocks. The colors used for the experiment were changed from white and blue to while, blue, green and grey. This study proposed a portable folding color pad to improve the work efficiency of smart office based on 2 experiments.

Paper surface efficiency (PSE), a paper property integrating gloss and absorbency, can be used to evaluate color reproduction after the interaction of paper and ink. But it was shown that the color reproduction was still related to paper whiteness in practice. In this paper, an assumed PSE formula which integrates gloss, whiteness and ink absorbency is firstly presented, and according to experimental data, it can be well forecasted that the change of these principal paper properties would affect color reproduction result via the new PSE formula. The linear relationships between new PSE formula and ink color reproduction based the description of photo-density measurement were studied subsequently. The results showed that new PSE formula can be used to predict effectively ink color effect.

Paper surface efficiency (PSE), a paper property integrating gloss and absorbency, can be used to evaluate color reproduction after the interaction of paper and ink. But it was shown that the color reproduction was still related to paper whiteness in practice. In this paper, an assumed PSE formula which integrates gloss, whiteness and ink absorbency is firstly presented, and according to experimental data, it can be well forecasted that the change of these principal paper properties would affect color reproduction result via the new PSE formula. The linear relationships between new PSE formula and ink color reproduction based the description of photo-density measurement were studied subsequently. The results showed that new PSE formula can be used to predict effectively ink color effect.

Paper surface efficiency (PSE), a paper property integrating gloss and absorbency, can be used to evaluate color reproduction after the interaction of paper and ink. But it was shown that the color reproduction was still related to paper whiteness in practice. In this paper, an assumedPSEformula which integrates gloss, whiteness and ink absorbency is firstly presented, and according to experimental data, it can be well forecasted that the change of these principal paper properties would affect color reproduction result via the newPSEformula. The linear relationships between newPSEformula and ink color reproduction based the description of photo-density measurement were studied subsequently. The results showed that newPSEformula can be used to predict effectively ink color effect.

This article investigates if and how the valence of color cues affects moral acceptability of (un)desirable consumer behaviors. Study 1 uses colors with definite differences in terms of valence, namely, red and green. Study 2 applies an evaluative conditioning paradigm to endow initially neutral colors with negative versus positive valences. We find an ironic color effect: undesirable behaviors become more acceptable when presented with negatively valenced colors. In general, respondents find (un)desirable behaviors more acceptable when a background color is of the same valence rather than neutral or opposite in valence. Implications for promotion and prevention campaigns are discussed. ispartof: Journal of Consumer Psychology vol:23 issue:3 pages:341-348 status: published

Smoothness directly influences the color effect of printed matter, so it is very significant for researching the influence of paper smoothness on color effect of printed matter. This article researchs the relationships between the paper smoothness and the color effect of printed matter through experiments. The results show that, hue error of printed matter decreases with increased smoothness, color gamut of printed matter increases with increased smoothness, the glossiness of printed matter increases with increased smoothness, and color effect of printed matter better with increased smoothness. The results could provide a theoretical reference for papermaking enterprises to optimize the process of papermaking and produce suitable paper for color printing.

Kansei/affective values are attracting attention as a new evaluation axis of commercial value. We performed affective evaluation experiments on the tactile material perception of bead-coated resin surfaces and found that physical attributes change affective evaluations. Then, we planned to perform new affective evaluation experiment by adding hues, one of the three elements of color, as an important attribute of surfaces as the next step of our research. For the experiment, we performed two preliminary experiments: the experiment to select appropriate adjective pairs, and the experiment to select the hue candidates. This report describes the first preliminary experiment. We performed an experiment to reduce the number of adjective pairs for affective evaluations. The experimental results were analyzed by correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering analyses. From the results of those analyses, we selected 21 adjective pairs.

Previous studies on the effect of color on cognitive task performances and have led to two different views. Some researchers think that the influence of red and blue on cognitive tasks is modulated by the difficulty of the task, and other researchers suggest that the influence mainly depends on the type of task. The current study combined these factors to investigate the effect of color on cognitive task performance. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the difficulty of the task to investigate the effect of red and blue on detail-oriented task performance (the proofreading task), whereas in Experiment 2 we manipulated task difficulty to explore the effect of red and blue on creative task performance (the Remote Associates Test). The results showed that red enhanced the performance on a simple detail-oriented task. However, blue improved the performance on a difficult detail-oriented task as well as on both simple and difficult creative tasks. The results of the current study indicate that the type and difficulty of the task together modulate the effect of color on cognitive performances.

Hydrogen sulfide is presented in textbooks as toxic, environmentally unacceptable species, however some positive effects in human metabolism were discovered in the last decades. It is important to offer students also some new information about this compound. As didactic tool in this case may serve serial precipitation of Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Pb2+ ions forming various colored sulfides in bubblers with chemically generated hydrogen sulfide stream. This experiment has strong and diverse color effect for enhancing the visual perception to motivate students to understand more abstract and complex information about hydrogen sulfide. It also may be helpful in analytical chemistry courses for conditional precipitation equilibrium teaching and calculations.

Its play-of-color effect of Australian opal makes it unique and much more precious than any other gemstones in the world. More than 50 Australian opals were chosen to conduct the experiments, including boulder and black opals with blue-green to blue-purple color. Spectropotometer Color i5 was used to analyze the color of opal samples with CIE L*a*b* uniform color space. Dominant wavelength was put into comparison with hue angle. SEM and AFM were the main means to analyze the internal structure of opal samples, and the diameter and size of cavities of SiO2 were measured and discussed. It is revealed that the hue angle of blue-purple opal is 302.15° with 449nm as its dominant wavelength, and so the size of SiO2 cavities in the sample is about 155.32nm; the hue angle of blue opals is between (256°, 286°) with the dominant wavelength between (471nm, 485nm), and so their size of SiO2 cavities is between (154.35nm, 182.54nm); the hue angle of blue-green opal is between (183°, 213°) with the dominant wavelength between (489nm, 500nm) and so their size of SiO2 cavities is between (172.95nm, 193.66nm). Besides, the diameter and size of SiO2 cavities were analyzed against the dominant wavelength, hue angle, lightness, and saturation to reveal their correlation. It is indicated that the diameter and size of SiO2 cavities are in positive correlation with the dominant wavelength, but negative correlation with the hue angle. As the diameter and size of SiO2 cavities grow, the dominant wavelength increases but the hue angle decreases. Also they are in positive correlation with lightness but their correlation with saturation was not discovered.

Polyphenols are bioactive compounds, mainly concentrated in seed coats, which play an important role in human nutrition. Ten samples of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.), including three yellow cultivars representing a broad range of varietal characteristics, such as color and seed weight, were analyzed for their polyphenol content. The effect of dehulling on the polyphenol content was studied. The concentration of total polyphenols was found to be in the range of 280 mg to 356 mg/100 g whole seeds, 702 mg to 1296 mg/100 g seed coat, and 172 mg to 286 mg/100 g cotyledons. Most of the polyphenols were concentrated in the seed coat. The average polyphenol content of yellow cultivars was found to be higher than the green cultivars, except in ‘China Mung’. The acidic methanol extract polyphenols constitute about 75% and methanolic extract polyphenols about 25% of the total polyphenols. Dehulling reduced polyphenol content significantly (p < .01) by 14% to 52%. Yellow cultivars contained more seed coat polypheno...

To solve the problem that scene details and visual effects are difficult to be optimized in high dynamic image synthesis, we proposes a multi exposure image fusion algorithm for processing low dynamic range images in YCbCr space, and weighted blending of luminance and chromatic aberration components respectively. The experimental results show that the method can retain color effect of the fused image while balancing details of the bright and dark regions of the high dynamic image.

The choice behavior of the octopus in response to the environment-friendly colored sinker for octopus drift-line and the sinkers fishing effect were studied under experimental conditions in the water tank and thefield. The colors of the sinkers used for the experiment are white, black, yellow and green. Artificial baitsare attached to the sinkers in order to attract the octopuses in the experiment. In the water tank experiment,two sinkers of two different colors are placed in a compartmentalized corner of the rectangular tank, and aCCD camera records the choice behaviors of the octopuses to the colored sinkers. In the field experiment,the catch investigation of octopus for each colored sinker was conducted 14 times in total by using 2(A, B)commercial fishing boats at the coast of Gangneung within 30m of depth in 2006. The number of coloredsinkers per operation was a total of 24-40 pieces with the same number of sinkers individually for fourcolors. As a result, it was found that the octopus selected white the most followed by black and yellow intheir choice of colored sinkers in the water tank experiment, and green was the lowest in their choice. Evenin the field experiment, the sinkers of white and black showed a higher catch of octopus than the sinkers ofyellow and green. Key words : Octopus Drift-line, Environment-friendly Sinker, Color effect

Evaluating the influences of human-machine interface (HMI) visual information is vital to developing the user-oriented and human-friendly equipment, robots, etc. We define HMI visual information as prior information, such as size, color, shape, etc. The relationship between prior information and the Kansei feeling is evaluated by surface electromyogram (sEMG). This study deals with object-grasping motion and measures sEMG signals during the motion. Prediction on object-grasping motion is predicted from sEMG signals and defined as Force Prediction (FP). Differences between prediction of HMI operation and actual results are assumed to influence on Kansei feeling concerning the operation. Subjects given different prior information calculate FP about plastic bottles when grasping them. Experimental results show that the FP differs even though the plastic bottles have the same weight. The influence of prior information on FP is visually plotted in a three-dimensional map which is called Size-Color-iEMG map, and its application is to HMI design.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for color differences in light and dark skin-colored maxillofacial elastomers. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 pairs of light specimens (mimicking white, Asian, and Hispanic skin) and 15 pairs of dark specimens (mimicking African-American skin) were made using skin-colored maxillofacial silicone elastomers, combined with opacifiers and pigments. Color match/mismatch and acceptable/unacceptable mismatch of each pair of specimens were visually evaluated by 45 evaluators under controlled conditions of a viewing booth. Color differences were calculated using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulae. After calculating the model parameters, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were analyzed. Repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were used in a statistical analysis (α= 0.05) Results: CIELAB/CIEDE2000 perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for light specimens were 1.1/0.7 and 3.0/2.1, respectively. Corresponding values for dark specimens were 1.6/1.2 and 4.4/3.1, respectively. Differences in primary specimen color and type of threshold were found to be significant (p < 0.001). Only the primary specimen color effect was found to be significant in AUC comparisons. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both main effects of threshold type (perceptibility and acceptability) and primary color (light and dark) on 50:50% color-difference thresholds of colored maxillofacial elastomers were found significant for both color-difference formulae used (CIELAB, CIEDE2000). In addition, significant interaction between the two main effects was found, indicating a stronger effect of skin type on acceptability than perceptibility thresholds. Primary specimen color (light vs. dark) was found to be the only significant main effect on the AUC of ROC curves constructed from logistic regression.

The optical properties of multi layered thin films with were simulated by using EMP(Essential Macleod Program). EMP is a comprehensive software package to design and analyse the optical characteristics of multi-layered thin film. and were selected as a high refractive index and low refractive index material respectively. Additionally Cr was chosen as mid reflective material. Optical properties including color effect were systematically studied in terms of different optical thickness of low refractive index material. The optical thickness of was changed as 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and . The film with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and of optical thickness showed mixed color range between purple and red range, yellowish green and bluish green, purple and mixed color range of green and purple respectively.

/Cr/, /Cu/ and /Al/ multi-layered thin films were fabricated by evaporation system. and Cr(Cu, And Al) was selected as a low refractive index material and mid reflector layer, respectively. Optical properties including color effect were systematically studied in terms of different film layer by using spectrophotometer. Experimental results were compared to the simulation result. The films consistings of /Cr/, /Cu/, /Al/ multi-layered thin films showed wavelength range of , typically color range between greenish yellow and orange at view angle of . It was confirmed that this experimental result was well matched with simulation result.

The body color in animals results from billions of years of their natural evolution in order to evade natural enemies, catch quarries or display themselves beauty, investigation on mechanisms of structural light is an important aspect of bionics. Based on the phenomenon of Papilio maackii menetries’ blue scales changing into green ones immediately after dropping some alcohol aqua on the underwing surface and soon returning back to the original color, the relationship between microstructure, optics characteristic of scales and changing color effect were studied using the Olympus Stereomicroscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Ultraviolet (UV)-Visible Spectrophotometer. The color variation mechanisms of blue scales of Papilio maackii menetries in Chinese Northeast were revealed in this paper. When visible lights traveled through the concaver structure with multilayer reflector and the filled medium with different refractive indices, the reflected lights in definite wavelengths produced interference and color at that wavelength came into being. It has important academic reference value to biomimetics design of video stealth materials.

Humans find members of the opposite sex more attractive when their image is spatially associated with the color red. This effect even occurs when the red color is not on the skin or clothing (i.e. is extraneous). We hypothesize that this extraneous color effect could be at least partially explained by a low-level and biologically innate generalization process, and so similar extraneous color effects should be observed in non-humans. To test this possibility, we examined the influence of extraneous color in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Across two experiments, we determined the influence of extraneous red on viewing preferences (assessed by looking time) in free-ranging rhesus monkeys. We presented male and female monkeys with black and white photographs of the hindquarters of same and opposite sex conspecifics on either a red (experimental condition) or blue (control condition) background. As a secondary control, we also presented neutral stimuli (photographs of seashells) on red and blue backgrounds. We found that female monkeys looked longer at a picture of a male scrotum, but not a seashell, on a red background (Experiment 1), while males showed no bias. Neither male nor female monkeys showed an effect of color on looking time for female hindquarters or seashells (Experiment 2). The finding for females viewing males suggests that extraneous color affects preferences among rhesus macaques. Further, it raises the possibility that evolutionary processes gave rise to extraneous color effects during human evolution.

The PROGRA 2 experiment is specifically designed to measure the linear polarization of the light scattered by clouds of particles. The imaging method allows us to obtain maps of polarization and to measure the size distribution and the number density of the particles in the field of view. This work presents a systematic study of highly porous (fluffy) aggregates with submicron-sized constituent grains lifted by an air-draught. The main materials are silica and carbon. The maximum in polarization mainly depends on the average size of the constituent grains. The results, mainly concerned with the negative branch of the phase curves, the maximum polarization, the color effect and the albedo are compared with cometary observations and discussed in terms of physical properties.

We have measured the optical hole width as a function of wave number across the inhomogeneous lines for two aromatic probe molecules, namely thionin and BODIPY. Upon tuning the laser to the red edge of the inhomogeneous band the hole width of thionin decreases, whereas the hole width of BODIPY increases. The color effect is correlated with the solvent shift in the former case and anti-correlated in the latter case. We suggest possible scenarios to explain these observations and back up our reasoning by site dependent Stark-effect experiments.

Under reflected light conditions, we observed a neon color effect in a van Tuijl-type pattern for 30 combinations by pairing CMY inks. The results cannot be fully explained by Bressan's proposal as follows: (1) the illusory colors for the six configurations contradicted her predictions, (2) strong effects were not presented for complementary color pairs, and (3) for four configurations, the colors of line segments assimilated into those of the inducing patterns. Thus, the author proposes an hypothesis that the visual system treats neon color displays as ambiguous figures in form and color. This proposal can explain both illusory colors of the illusory area and those of the line segments themselves.

Luster is a special type of decoration, which gives ceramics a particular iridescent gold translucency and was applied to the medieval surface of glazed pottery. In this work the PIXE technique has been applied to luster pottery dated back from the 10th to the 13th centuries, excavated in Neishabur, Ray and Kashan, located in the northeast and in the central part of Iran. The principal elements of the glaze were detected, as well as the elements which characterize the luster, such as Cu and Ag . The elemental concentrations of Ti , Mn , Fe , Co , Cu , Zn , Ag , Sn and Pb were also obtained from the PIXE analysis. This study clearly demonstrates that in addition to firing conditions and the presence of impurities in glaze, the ratio of Cu 2 O/Ag 2 O determines the color effect of luster.

Comparing to conventional textiles, interactive photonic textiles can emit light, present different colors, change the surface pattern and can interact with users. They are particularly suitable for decorative purpose. Home furniture is one possible application [1]. With attractive illumination and color effect, the photonic textiles can also be used in hotels, exhibition halls, restaurants and many other circumstances to enhance the interior environment. However, the functionality of the interactive photonic textile for interior purpose is still underdeveloped, since there are still sever challenges about how to improve the usability and functionality of the interactive textile. This project aims to study how to improve the interactive function of photonic textiles, which can enhance the well-being of the end-user. In the end, a color-changeable interactive cushion which can detect the main primary particulate matter (PM) 2.5 was developed.

The notion that color, as a creative element, should affect consumer responses to advertising often seems a self-evident proposition to academicians and advertising practitioners alike. Nevertheless, it has been repeatedly pointed out that consumer responses to color still remain a largely unknown area (Lichtle, 2007; Lohse and Rosen, 2001).

Research has shown that with some nonhuman primates, red is associated with greater sexual attractiveness of females. Five female confederates in their early 20s posed as hitchhikers wearing T-shirts of different colors (black, white, red, blue, green, or yellow). It was found that the women wearing red solicited a higher response in the number of male drivers who stopped to offer a ride. No color effect was found when considering the behavior of female drivers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012

International audience; In addition to an unprecedented number of Kreutz sungrazing comets, the LASCO coronagraphs have discovered some 238 unrelated “sunskirting” comets over the 12 years from 1996 to 2008. This new class is organized in several groups, and at least two comets have further been found periodic. This article presents the photometry and the heliocentric light curves of these 238 sunskirting comets. The bulk of them exhibit a continuous increase of the brightness as the comet approaches the Sun, reach a peak before perihelion and then progressively fade with a large variety of brightness gradients. However some of them have peak brightness either at or post-perihelion, whereas a quite large number are approximately flat. Likewise for the sungrazers, we find a color effect prominent between 8 and 40R(circle dot) (solar radii) which we interpret as resulting from the emission lines of the Na I doublet (D lines). We finally characterize the different groups of sunskirters on the basis of their cumulative distribution function of the peak brightness and of their fragmentation history. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Psillakis et al. have reported on the concentration of carbamazepine recovered from hair samples collected from patients receiving this anti-seizure medication under medical supervision and determined that their was a high correlation between dose and quantitation of recovered analyte. The analyte was identified by two techniques, FPIA (Abbott TDx) and HPLC and the correlation was high for both procedures. In the literature on hair analysis some have suggested that analyte concentration in hair is critically dependent on hair color. In reporting their data Psillakis et al. reported the hair color of each patient but made no attempt to analyze their results in relation to color. This article performs a secondary analysis of the Psillakis et al. data in order to determine whether there is a hair color effect discernible in the recovery of carbamazepine from hair. Analysis of this data set for both the FPIA and HPLC by one-way analysis of variance fails to identify a color effect at p = .05. Weighting the data for per-patient dosage values fails to discern a color effect. Examination of all possible two-color comparisons also fails to identify a statistically significant effect for any subset of combinations. These data suggest that carbamazepine does not exhibit a color effect when using either FPIA or HPLC assay methods.

When certain elements in a pattern are replaced by colored lines, a spreading of neon-like color can be seen around the lines. Using a variety of neon displaying patterns, we hypothesize that two conditions are critical to the neon effect. One is the occurrence of illusory contours and another a decrease in strength of pattern of the colored lines. On the basis of the two conditions, various phenomena of the neon effect are discussed. Finally, examining the striking characteristics of the neon effect, the vagueness of the colored lines and the spreading of the color of the colored lines over an illusory area wherein the color stimulus does not exist, we conclude that the neon effect is caused by synchronization of strength of pattern.

BackgroundWhen people are asked to adjust the color of familiar objects such as fruits until they appear achromatic, the subjective gray points of the objects are shifted away from the physical gray points in a direction opposite to the memory color (memory color effect). It is still unclear whether the discrepancy between memorized and actual colors of objects is dependent on the familiarity of the objects. Here, we conducted two experiments in order to examine the relationship between the degree of a subject's familiarity with objects and the degree of the memory color effect by using logographs of food and beverage companies.Methods and findingsIn Experiment 1, we measured the memory color effects of logos which varied in terms of their familiarity (high, middle, or low). Results demonstrate that the memory color effect occurs only in the high-familiarity condition, but not in the middle- and low-familiarity conditions. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between the memory color effect and the actual number of domestic stores of the brand. In Experiment 2, we assessed the semantic association between logos and food/beverage names by using a semantic priming task to elucidate whether the memory color effect of logos relates to consumer brand cognition, and found that the semantic associations between logos and food/beverage names in the high-familiarity brands were stronger than those in the low-familiarity brands only when the logos were colored correctly, but not when they were appropriately or inappropriately colored, or achromatic.ConclusionThe current results provide behavioral evidence of the relationship between the familiarity of objects and the memory color effect and suggest that the memory color effect increases with the familiarity of objects, albeit not constantly.

The article covers peculiarities of conceptualizing situations of visual perception represented by the words yarkiy and bright in the Russian and English languages. The author proves that there are various cognitive foundations according to which the language speaker comprehends properties described by these words. Similar and different semantic-cognitive characteristics of the яркий (yarkiy) and bright lexemes taking part in formation of these words’ figurative meanings are analyzed В статье рассматриваются особенности концептуализации ситуаций зрительного восприятия, представленных словами яркий и bright в русском и английском языках. Обосновывается наличие разных когнитивных оснований, согласно которым носителем языка осмысляются свойства, описываемые данными словами. Анализируются сходные и отличительные семантико-когнитивные признаки лексем яркий и bright, участвующие в формировании переносных значений этих слов.

Three primary pigment/poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-styrene) (P(BA+St)) nanocomposites were prepared via encapsulation of the corresponding organic pigments via the miniemulsion technique. The resulting latexes of the P(BA+St)/pigment nanocomposites were filmed in a PTFE mould or printed onto cotton fabric. The morphology of the P(BA+St)/pigment nanocomposites and the dispersion of pigment particles in the latex film and on the printed fabric surface, as well as the adhesion between pigment and adhesive film, were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), 3D digital microscope system (3D-POM), and printing results tests. Attributing to the preprotection of adhesive polymer shell, the self-adhesive P(BA+St)/pigment nanocomposites were homogeneously and firmly dispersed both in the thin latex film and in the adhesive layer on the fiber surface. As a result, the color strength, color fastness, and handle of the fabrics printed by the P(BA+St)/pigment nanocomposites latex were significantly improved, compared to the fabrics printed by the conventional pigment blended latex.

The present study sought to test the hypothesis that the second factor (consisting of Failure-to-Maintain-Set and other scores) found in two recent factor analyses of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test reflects attentional function. The effect of color overlays (an experimental manipulation known to influence neural systems linked to attention) was examined in 17 normal control and 14 attention-disorded children (ages 8 to 12). Group and Color main effects were found for Factor 1 (which consists largely of measures of perseveration) and a Color main effect was observed for Factor 2. The Color effect for Factor 2 supported the contention that this factor reflects attentional processes. A hypothesis concerning the relationship between problem solving and attention on the WCST is offered and a means for testing it is discussed.

This present study attempts to find relationship between progress bar colors and subjective speed by subjective evaluation experiment. We prepared the six combinations of colors, blue/red for progress bar foreground color and cyan/orange/gray for background color. The test progress bars are designed under the same condition, for example progress bar size or animation speed, except colors. The test progress bars were displayed one after the other of all pair combinations, and made the subjects mark the test progress bar which they felt faster. As a result, there were no obvious significant color effects related to subjective speed impression in this subjective evaluation experiments. We consider the reason why not found significant color effects as follows, (i) it's not enough data due to the small-scale experiments with only 10 subjects, (ii) color effect might not strong on progress bar.

Nowadays, people want to reduce fatigue in use of computer devices by improving software. We already proposed the method that reduces fatigue using color effect in our previous study. Furthermore, we developed software that changes its background color gradually. The gradual change in background color was expected to entrain psycho-physiological states of a user. In this study, effectiveness of the method was investigated through experiment. The experiment compared cases of gradually changed color with cases of not changed color. Part of results showed that change in color elicited higher effects on subjective evaluation: The condition changes its color from white to blue elicited higher subjective gcalmh and gnot tiredh values than the condition presenting only blue. However, the result contradicted between physiological evaluation and subjective evaluation. To enhance the effect of the entrainment, some improvements of charge in color must be needed.

Nickel plating processes, popularly used in Europe in the 1950s, have been increasingly employed in Turkey in recent years. As a result, industrial usage has developed rapidly. Nickel plating is the preferred process for this study because of the uniformity of the plating thickness on the plated surface and the ease with which complex components can be plated. It is also resistant to corrosion and has good levels of hardness. In this experiment, the following parameters were investigated: the effect of varying the amount of nickel, the thickness of the plating, and sheen (whether shiny or dull). In this study, brightener and carrier agents have been used to determine the best operational parameters for the Kale Kilit Factory. The compositions of the brightener and carrier agents used in the experiment are included in this text. Additionally, investigations have been conducted on how the plating color changed when compared to the original bath as a result of using Fe 2+ complex concentration in nickel plating baths, as a brightener and for analyzing the color of the plated plate, under a visible region spectrophotometer at 350 nm and 6500 Kelvin light power and D65 (Average North Sky Daylight) light. In our research, the most important feature of analysis is that the desired color effect is obtained by using brightener agents containing Fe 2+ complex concentration without any interference from any colorant after nickel plating by electrolysis. In a study where nickel plating bath characteristics are researched, physical tests such as brittle test are applied to the plated plates, which provide us important ideas about the accuracy of the choices made according to standards.

This study investigated the optimal numbers of blocks and tactile targets for touch screen user interfaces intended for use by all (reference and older population). Three independent variables (number of targets, number of interaction blocks on the touch screen and number of hands used) were studied in an experiment. Huge amount of data were stored. In this paper, we will only report statistical analyses on three variables: number of clicks on wrong target, number of missed clicks on right target and the target acquisition time according to its color and its position. Each variable will be analyzed to demonstrate the age impact between the two populations and an analysis on slice of age intra older population.

In this chapter we describe how artifacts can be avoided in the two most commonly used time-resolved fluorometries, namely the single-photon timing and the multifrequency phase-modulation techniques. The most frequently encountered artifacts (inner filter effect, autofluorescence, polarization effects, color effect, photobleaching, deoxygenation, pulse pile-up, and linearity of the time response in the time-to-amplitude converter) are described in detail and remedies are presented to avoid these pitfalls. An extensive list of fluorescence lifetime standards is presented, which allows the spectroscopist to calibrate and test time-resolved instruments for systematic errors.

In the Color Management System, monitors play an important role. During the digital workflow, people are used to checking files on displays. The realization of soft proofing will not only increase flexibility, but also reduce producing time and materials. This paper describes the theory of display color management and soft proofing. A method is proposed about using CRT display to simulate the printing color effect on paper and using LCD display to simulate the displaying effect on CRT. And the experimental results are analyzed and assessed.

In studies of the mechanism of the photoinactivation of photosystem II (PSII), there are presently two conflicting hypotheses. One hypothesis is that excess energy received by leaves, neither utilized by photosynthesis nor safely dissipated in non-photochemical quenching, causes photoinactivation. The other involves a two-step mechanism in which excitation of Mn by photons is the primary cause of photoinactivation. In the former hypothesis, photoinactivation of PSII should not occur under low light with no excess energy conditions, but in the latter photoinactivation should occur. Therefore, we tested these two hypotheses under low light conditions. The leaves were photoinhibited in low light (30 μmol m−2 s−1) or in high light (950 μmol m−2 s−1) with blue, white, green or red LED lamps. The results showed that there was a difference in the extent of photoinactivation per photon exposure between low- and high-light conditions, and that photoinactivation did occur under low light with little excess energy condition. These results suggest that both mechanisms occur in the photoinactivation process.

Two phenomena can be observed in the watercolor illusion: illusory color spreading and figure–ground organization. We performed experiments to determine whether the figure–ground effect is a consequence of the color illusion or due to an independent mechanism. Subjects were tested with displays consisting of six adjacent compartments — three that generated the illusion alternating with three that served for comparison. In a first set of experiments, the illusory color was measured by finding the matching physical color in the alternate compartments. Figureness (probability of 'figure' responses, 2AFC) of the watercolor compartments was then determined with and without the matching color in the alternate compartments. The color match reduced figureness, but did not abolish it. There was a range of colors in which the watercolor compartments dominated as figures over the alternate compartments although the latter appeared more saturated in color. In another experiment, the effect of tinting alternate compartments was measured in displays without watercolor illusion. Figureness increased with color contrast, but its value at the equivalent contrast fell short of the figureness value obtained for the watercolor pattern. Thus, in both experiments, figureness produced by the watercolor pattern was stronger than expected from the color effect, suggesting independent mechanisms. Considering the neurophysiology, we propose that the color illusion follows from the principles of representation of surface color in the visual cortex, while the figure–ground effect results from two mechanisms of border ownership assignment, one that is sensitive to asymmetric shape of edge profile, the other to consistency of color borders.