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51. Global data set of long-term summertime vertical temperature profiles in 153 lakes

Author

Pilla, Rachel M, Mette, Elizabeth M, Williamson, Craig E, Adamovich, Boris V, Adrian, Rita, Anneville, Orlane, Balseiro, Esteban, Ban, Syuhei, Chandra, Sudeep, Colom-Montero, William, Devlin, Shawn P, Dix, Margaret A, Dokulil, Martin T, Feldsine, Natalie A, Feuchtmayr, Heidrun, Fogarty, Natalie K, Gaiser, Evelyn E, Girdner, Scott F, González, María J, Hambright, K David, Hamilton, David P, Havens, Karl, Hessen, Dag O, Hetzenauer, Harald, Higgins, Scott N, Huttula, Timo H, Huuskonen, Hannu, Isles, Peter DF, Joehnk, Klaus D, Keller, Wendel Bill, Klug, Jen, Knoll, Lesley B, Korhonen, Johanna, Korovchinsky, Nikolai M, Köster, Oliver, Kraemer, Benjamin M, Leavitt, Peter R, Leoni, Barbara, Lepori, Fabio, Lepskaya, Ekaterina V, Lottig, Noah R, Luger, Martin S, Maberly, Stephen C, MacIntyre, Sally, McBride, Chris, McIntyre, Peter, Melles, Stephanie J, Modenutti, Beatriz, Müller-Navarra, Dörthe C, Pacholski, Laura, Paterson, Andrew M, Pierson, Don C, Pislegina, Helen V, Plisnier, Pierre-Denis, Richardson, David C, Rimmer, Alon, Rogora, Michela, Rogozin, Denis Y, Rusak, James A, Rusanovskaya, Olga O, Sadro, Steve, Salmaso, Nico, Saros, Jasmine E, Sarvala, Jouko, Saulnier-Talbot, Émilie, Schindler, Daniel E, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V, Silow, Eugene A, Sitoki, Lewis M, Sommaruga, Ruben, Straile, Dietmar, Strock, Kristin E, Swain, Hilary, Tallant, Jason M, Thiery, Wim, Timofeyev, Maxim A, Tolomeev, Alexander P, Tominaga, Koji, Vanni, Michael J, Verburg, Piet, Vinebrooke, Rolf D, Wanzenböck, Josef, Weathers, Kathleen, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Zadereev, Egor S, and Zhukova, Tatyana V

Abstract

Climate change and other anthropogenic stressors have led to long-term changes in the thermal structure, including surface temperatures, deepwater temperatures, and vertical thermal gradients, in many lakes around the world. Though many studies highlight warming of surface water temperatures in lakes worldwide, less is known about long-term trends in full vertical thermal structure and deepwater temperatures, which have been changing less consistently in both direction and magnitude. Here, we present a globally-expansive data set of summertime in-situ vertical temperature profiles from 153 lakes, with one time series beginning as early as 1894. We also compiled lake geographic, morphometric, and water quality variables that can influence vertical thermal structure through a variety of potential mechanisms in these lakes. These long-term time series of vertical temperature profiles and corresponding lake characteristics serve as valuable data to help understand changes and drivers of lake thermal structure in a time of rapid global and ecological change.

Published
2021

52. Association of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression Polygenic Scores with Lithium Response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics Study

Author

Coombes, Brandon J, Millischer, Vincent, Batzler, Anthony, Larrabee, Beth, Hou, Liping, Papiol, Sergi, Heilbronner, Urs, Adli, Mazda, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Akula, Nirmala, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ardau, Raffaella, Arias, Barbara, Aubry, Jean-Michel, Backlund, Lena, Bauer, Michael, Baune, Bernhard T, Bellivier, Frank, Benabarre, Antoni, Bengesser, Susanne, Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar, Cervantes, Pablo, Chen, Hsi-Chung, Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Scott R, Colom, Francesc, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Czerski, Piotr M, Dalkner, Nina, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Zompo, Maria, DePaulo, J Raymond, Étain, Bruno, Falkai, Peter, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Forstner, Andreas J, Frisen, Louise, Gard, Sébastien, Garnham, Julie S, Goes, Fernando S, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Grof, Paul, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Jamain, Stephane, Jiménez, Esther, Kahn, Jean-Pierre, Kassem, Layla, Kato, Tadafumi, Kelsoe, John R, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, König, Barbara, Kuo, Po-Hsiu, Kusumi, Ichiro, Laje, Gonzalo, Landén, Mikael, Lavebratt, Catharina, Leboyer, Marion, Leckband, Susan G, Maj, Mario, Manchia, Mirko, Martinsson, Lina, McCarthy, Michael J, McElroy, Susan L, Mitchell, Philip B, Mitjans, Marina, Mondimore, Francis M, Monteleone, Palmiero, Nievergelt, Caroline M, Nöthen, Markus M, Novák, Tomas, O'Donovan, Claire, Osby, Urban, Ozaki, Norio, Pfennig, Andrea, Pisanu, Claudia, Potash, James B, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva, Rietschel, Marcella, Rouleau, Guy A, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R, Schubert, Klaus Oliver, Schweizer, Barbara W, Severino, Giovanni, Shekhtman, Tatyana, Shilling, Paul D, Shimoda, Katzutaka, Simhandl, Christian, Slaney, Claire M, Squassina, Alessio, Stamm, Thomas, Stopkova, Pavla, Tortorella, Alfonso, and Turecki, Gustavo

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Prevention, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Schizophrenia, Depression, Mental Health, Bipolar Disorder, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adherence, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Bipolar disorder, Lithium response, Polygenic risk scores
Abstract

Response to lithium varies widely between individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can uncover pharmacogenomics effects and may help predict drug response. Patients (N = 2,510) with BD were assessed for long-term lithium response in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics using the Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder score. PRSs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) were computed using lassosum and in a model including all three PRSs and other covariates, and the PRS of ADHD (β = -0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24 to -0.03; p value = 0.010) and MDD (β = -0.16; 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.04; p value = 0.005) predicted worse quantitative lithium response. A higher SCZ PRS was associated with higher rates of medication nonadherence (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.34-1.93; p value = 2e-7). This study indicates that genetic risk for ADHD and depression may influence lithium treatment response. Interestingly, a higher SCZ PRS was associated with poor adherence, which can negatively impact treatment response. Incorporating genetic risk of ADHD, depression, and SCZ in combination with clinical risk may lead to better clinical care for patients with BD.

Published
2021

53. Combining schizophrenia and depression polygenic risk scores improves the genetic prediction of lithium response in bipolar disorder patients

Author

Schubert, Klaus Oliver, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Amare, Azmeraw T, Frank, Joseph, Streit, Fabian, Adl, Mazda, Akula, Nirmala, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Ardau, Raffaella, Arias, Bárbara, Aubry, Jean-Michel, Backlund, Lena, Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar, Bellivier, Frank, Benabarre, Antonio, Bengesser, Susanne, Biernacka, Joanna M, Birner, Armin, Marie-Claire, Cynthia, Cearns, Micah, Cervantes, Pablo, Chen, Hsi-Chung, Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Scott R, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Czerski, Piotr M, Dalkner, Nina, Dayer, Alexandre, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Zompo, Maria, DePaulo, J Raymond, Étain, Bruno, Falkai, Peter, Forstner, Andreas J, Frisen, Louise, Frye, Mark A, Fullerton, Janice M, Gard, Sébastien, Garnham, Julie S, Goes, Fernando S, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Grof, Paul, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Heilbronner, Urs, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Hou, Liping, Hsu, Yi-Hsiang, Jamain, Stephane, Jiménez, Esther, Kahn, Jean-Pierre, Kassem, Layla, Kuo, Po-Hsiu, Kato, Tadafumi, Kelsoe, John, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, König, Barbara, Kusumi, Ichiro, Laje, Gonzalo, Landén, Mikael, Lavebratt, Catharina, Leboyer, Marion, Leckband, Susan G, Maj, Mario, Manchia, Mirko, Martinsson, Lina, McCarthy, Michael J, McElroy, Susan, Colom, Francesc, Mitjans, Marina, Mondimore, Francis M, Monteleone, Palmiero, Nievergelt, Caroline M, Nöthen, Markus M, Novák, Tomas, O’Donovan, Claire, Ozaki, Norio, Ösby, Urban, Papiol, Sergi, Pfennig, Andrea, Pisanu, Claudia, Potash, James B, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva, Rouleau, Guy A, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R, Schweizer, Barbara W, Severino, Giovanni, Shekhtman, Tatyana, Shilling, Paul D, Shimoda, Katzutaka, Simhandl, Christian, Slaney, Claire M, Squassina, Alessio, and Stamm, Thomas

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Serious Mental Illness, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Lithium, Multifactorial Inheritance, Risk Factors, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Clinical sciences, Neurosciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

Lithium is the gold standard therapy for Bipolar Disorder (BD) but its effectiveness differs widely between individuals. The molecular mechanisms underlying treatment response heterogeneity are not well understood, and personalized treatment in BD remains elusive. Genetic analyses of the lithium treatment response phenotype may generate novel molecular insights into lithium's therapeutic mechanisms and lead to testable hypotheses to improve BD management and outcomes. We used fixed effect meta-analysis techniques to develop meta-analytic polygenic risk scores (MET-PRS) from combinations of highly correlated psychiatric traits, namely schizophrenia (SCZ), major depression (MD) and bipolar disorder (BD). We compared the effects of cross-disorder MET-PRS and single genetic trait PRS on lithium response. For the PRS analyses, we included clinical data on lithium treatment response and genetic information for n = 2283 BD cases from the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen; www.ConLiGen.org ). Higher SCZ and MD PRSs were associated with poorer lithium treatment response whereas BD-PRS had no association with treatment outcome. The combined MET2-PRS comprising of SCZ and MD variants (MET2-PRS) and a model using SCZ and MD-PRS sequentially improved response prediction, compared to single-disorder PRS or to a combined score using all three traits (MET3-PRS). Patients in the highest decile for MET2-PRS loading had 2.5 times higher odds of being classified as poor responders than patients with the lowest decile MET2-PRS scores. An exploratory functional pathway analysis of top MET2-PRS variants was conducted. Findings may inform the development of future testing strategies for personalized lithium prescribing in BD.

Published
2021

54. Limits on Kaluza-Klein dark matter annihilation in the Sun from recent IceCube results

Author

Bernadich, M. Colom i and Heros, C. Pérez de los

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We interpret recent IceCube results on searches for dark matter accumulated in the sun in terms of the lightest Kaluza-Klein excitation (assumed here to be the Kaluza-Klein photon, $B^1$), obtaining improved limits on the annihilation rate in the Sun, the resulting neutrino flux at the Earth and on the $B^1$-proton cross-sections, for $B^1$ masses in the range 30--3000 GeV. These results improve previous results from IceCube in its 22-string configuration by up to an order of magnitude, depending on mass, but also extend the results to $B^1$ masses as low as 30 GeV.

Published
2019
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55. Design, operation and performance of the PAON4 prototype transit interferometer

Author

Ansari, R., Campagne, J. E, Charlet, D., Moniez, M., Pailler, C., Perdereau, O., Taurigna, M., Martin, J. M., Rigaud, F., Colom, P., Abbon, Ph., Magneville, Ch., Pezzani, J., Viou, C., Torchinsky, S. A., Huang, Q., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

PAON4 is an L-band (1250-1500 MHz) small interferometer operating in transit mode deployed at the Nan\c{c}ay observatory in France, designed as a prototype instrument for Intensity Mapping. It features four 5~meter diameter dishes in a compact triangular configuration, with a total geometric collecting area of $\sim75 \mathrm{m^2}$, and equipped with dual polarization receivers. A total of 36 visibilities are computed from the 8 independent RF signals by the software correlator over the full 250~MHz RF band. The array operates in transit mode, with the dishes pointed toward a fixed declination, while the sky drifts across the instrument. Sky maps for each frequency channel are then reconstructed by combining the time-dependent visibilities from the different baselines observed at different declinations. This paper presents an overview of the PAON4 instrument design and goals, as a prototype for dish arrays to map the Large Scale Structure in radio, using intensity mapping of the atomic hydrogen $21~\mathrm{cm}$ line. We operated PAON4 over several years and use data from observations in different periods to assess the array performance. We present preliminary analysis of a large fraction of this data and discuss crucial issues for this type of instrument, such as the calibration strategy, instrument response stability, and noise behaviour., Comment: 17 pages, 16 figures, accepted to MNRAS

Published
2019
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56. Gaussian regularization for resonant states: open and dispersive optical systems

Author

Stout, Brian, Colom, Remi, Bonod, Nicolas, and McPhedran, Ross

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Resonant States (RS), also known as Quasi-Normal Modes (QNMs), are eigenstates that arise in spectral expansions of linear response functions of open systems. Manipulation of these spatially `divergent' oscillating functions requires a departure from the usual definitions of inner product, normalization and orthogonality typically encountered in the studies of closed systems. We show that once RS fields are expanded on a multipole basis, Gaussian regularization methods provide \emph{analytical} results for crucial RS inner product integrals \added{in the problematic region exterior to the scattering system}. Our demonstrations are carried out in the context of light scattering by spatially bounded objects composed of both electrically and magnetically dispersive media, with demonstrative analytic calculations being shown to \emph{completely} retrieve the results of exact Mie theory., Comment: 39 pages, 12 figures

Published
2019

57. The Role of Territory in the Employability of Young People

Author

Borràs, Vicent, Trinidad, Albert, Alcaraz, Nuria, and Moreno-Colom, Sara

Abstract

The objective of this article is to analyse how the territory operates in the employability of young people who have failed or dropped out of school. As a starting hypothesis, we propose that the local traditions and the productive model linked to the territory condition the training and work expectations of the young population. A case study conducted within the framework of the AJOVE project 'Millorant l'ocupació de la joventut al territori' funded by the Observatori Català de la Joventut is presented. The methodological strategy followed is qualitative, so we could compare the training and labour trajectories of three production models linked to different territories, specifically industry, services, and agriculture. The results indicate, on the one hand, common aspects shared by young people, regardless of place of residence, according to their training experience, family status, and gender. On the other hand, the territory is important in the construction of expectations that underlie the decisions made about school and work.

Published
2022
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60. Modal Expansion of the Scattered Field: Causality, Non-Divergence and Non-Resonant Contribution

Author

Colom, Rémi, McPhedran, Ross, Stout, Brian, and Bonod, Nicolas

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Modal analysis based on the quasi-normal modes (QNM), also called resonant states, has emerged as a promising way for modeling the resonant interaction of light with open optical cavities. However, the fields associated with QNM in open photonic cavities diverge far away from the scatterer and the possibility of expanding the scattered field with resonant contributions only has not been established. Here, we address these two issues while restricting our study to the case of a dispersionless spherical scatterer. First, we derive the rigorous pole expansion of the $T$-matrix coefficients that link the scattered to the incident fields associated with an optical resonator. This expansion evinces the existence of a non-resonant term. Second, in the time domain, the causality principle allows us to solve the problem of divergence and to derive a modal expansion of the scattered field that does not diverge far from the scatterer.

Published
2018
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61. Progress in the Construction and Testing of the Tianlai Radio Interferometers

Author

Das, Santanu, Anderson, Christopher J., Ansari, Reza, Campagne, Jean-Eric, Charlet, Daniel, Chen, Xuelei, Chen, Zhiping, Cianciara, Aleksander J., Colom, Pierre, Cong, Yanping, Gayley, Kevin G., Geng, Jingchao, Hao, Jie, Huang, Qizhi, Keith, Celeste S., Li, Chao, Li, Jixia, Li, Yichao, Liu, Chao, Liu, Tao, Magneville, Christophe, Marriner, John P., Martin, Jean-Michel, Moniez, Marc, Oxholm, Trevor M., Pen, Ue-Li, Perdereau, Olivier, Peterson, Jeffrey B., Shi, Huli, Shu, Lin, Stebbins, Albert, Sun, Shijie, Timbie, Peter T., Torchinsky, Steve, Tucker, Gregory S., Wang, Guisong, Wang, Rongli, Wang, Xin, Wang, Yougang, Wu, Fengquan, Xu, Yidong, Yu, Kaifeng, Zhang, Jiao, Zhang, Juyong, Zhang, Le, Zhu, Jialu, and Zuo, Shifan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Tianlai Pathfinder is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a wide field of view radio interferometers to map the density of neutral hydrogen in the Universe after the Epoch of Reionizaton. This approach, called 21~cm intensity-mapping, promises an inexpensive means for surveying the large-scale structure of the cosmos. The Tianlai Pathfinder presently consists of an array of three, 15~m $\times$ 40~m cylinder telescopes and an array of sixteen, 6~m diameter dish antennas located in a radio-quiet part of western China. The two types of arrays were chosen to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. The primary goal of the Pathfinder is to make 3D maps by surveying neutral hydrogen over large areas of the sky %$20,000 {\rm deg}^2$ in two different redshift ranges: first at $1.03 > z > 0.78$ ($700 - 800$~MHz) and later at $0.21 > z > 0.12$ ($1170 - 1270$~MHz). The most significant challenge to $21$~cm intensity-mapping is the removal of strong foreground radiation that dwarfs the cosmological signal. It requires exquisite knowledge of the instrumental response, i.e. calibration. In this paper, we provide an overview of the status of the Pathfinder and discuss the details of some of the analysis that we have carried out to measure the beam function of both arrays. We compare electromagnetic simulations of the arrays to measurements, discuss measurements of the gain and phase stability of the instrument, and provide a brief overview of the data processing pipeline., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures

Published
2018

62. Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes

Author

Pilla, Rachel M, Williamson, Craig E, Adamovich, Boris V, Adrian, Rita, Anneville, Orlane, Chandra, Sudeep, Colom-Montero, William, Devlin, Shawn P, Dix, Margaret A, Dokulil, Martin T, Gaiser, Evelyn E, Girdner, Scott F, Hambright, K David, Hamilton, David P, Havens, Karl, Hessen, Dag O, Higgins, Scott N, Huttula, Timo H, Huuskonen, Hannu, Isles, Peter DF, Joehnk, Klaus D, Jones, Ian D, Keller, Wendel Bill, Knoll, Lesley B, Korhonen, Johanna, Kraemer, Benjamin M, Leavitt, Peter R, Lepori, Fabio, Luger, Martin S, Maberly, Stephen C, Melack, John M, Melles, Stephanie J, Müller-Navarra, Dörthe C, Pierson, Don C, Pislegina, Helen V, Plisnier, Pierre-Denis, Richardson, David C, Rimmer, Alon, Rogora, Michela, Rusak, James A, Sadro, Steven, Salmaso, Nico, Saros, Jasmine E, Saulnier-Talbot, Émilie, Schindler, Daniel E, Schmid, Martin, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V, Silow, Eugene A, Sitoki, Lewis M, Sommaruga, Ruben, Straile, Dietmar, Strock, Kristin E, Thiery, Wim, Timofeyev, Maxim A, Verburg, Piet, Vinebrooke, Rolf D, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, and Zadereev, Egor

Abstract

Globally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970-2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of + 0.37 °C decade-1, comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+ 0.08 kg m-3 decade-1). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+ 0.06 °C decade-1), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from - 0.68 °C decade-1 to + 0.65 °C decade-1. The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences.

Published
2020

64. Polarizability Expressions for Predicting Resonances in Plasmonic and Mie Scatterers

Author

Colom, Rémi, Devilez, Alexis, Enoch, Stefan, Stout, Brian, and Bonod, Nicolas

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Polarizability expressions are commonly used in optics and photonics to model the light scattering by small particles. Models based on Taylor series of the scattering coefficients of the particles fail to predict the morphologic resonances hosted by dielectric particles. Here, we propose to use the factorization of the special functions appearing in the expression of the Mie scattering coefficients to derive point-like models. These models can be applied to reproduce both Mie resonances of dielectric particles and plasmonic resonances of metallic particles. They provide simple but robust tools to predict accurately the electric and magnetic Mie resonances in dielectric particles., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures

Published
2017
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65. Early flowering enhances performance among conspecifics.

Author

Moreno‐Colom, P. and Montesinos‐Navarro, A.

Subjects
*BIOLOGICAL fitness, *LOW temperatures, *PLANT performance, *GROWING season, *ABIOTIC stress, *FLOWERING of plants
Abstract

Timing plays a crucial role in plant survival as it determines the environmental conditions during which each phenophase develops. In Mediterranean regions, with high temperatures and low precipitation during summer, the timing of flowering may impact plant performance. Different species avoid harsh abiotic conditions by flowering weeks or months earlier than others. On a shorter time scale, conspecifics that flower just a few days earlier may also gain biotic advantages, such as reduced competition for nutrients or pollinators. We propose that earlier flowering, whether by days for conspecifics or by weeks to months for different species, allows plants to avoid biotic and abiotic stress, respectively, leading to increased reproductive success and growth. We hypothesize that: (i) earlier‐flowering species will have higher growth and reproductive success than other species co‐occurring in the community, and (ii) earlier‐flowering conspecifics will show higher growth and reproductive success than the average of their co‐occurring conspecifics. A field study was conducted in SE Spain using 98 co‐occurring individuals of four species. We monitored phenology, water loss, and growth over a growing season and estimated relative individual reproduction. Early‐flowering species did not show higher relative reproduction than late, co‐occurring flowering species, although they differed in water loss. However, early‐flowering conspecifics had higher growth and relative reproduction than later‐flowering conspecifics, but did not differ in water loss. Our results suggest that early flowering might reduce intraspecific competition among conspecifics, rather than enhance performance of those species that avoid harsh summer conditions (high temperatures and low precipitations). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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66. Clinical spectrum of COVID-19 and risk factors associated with severity in Spanish children

Author

Tagarro, Alfredo, Cobos-Carrascosa, Elena, Villaverde, Serena, Sanz-Santaeufemia, Francisco-Javier, Grasa, Carlos, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Hernanz, Alicia, Navarro, María Luisa, Pino, Rosa, Epalza, Cristina, Batista, Rosa, Rizo, Jana, Iglesias-Bouzas, María-Isabel, Rodríguez-Molino, Paula, Villanueva-Medina, Sara, Carrasco-Colom, Jaime, Alonso-Cadenas, José-Antonio, Mellado, María-José, Herrero, Blanca, Melendo, Susana, De La Torre, Mercedes, Calleja, Lourdes, Calvo, Cristina, Urretavizcaya-Martínez, María, Astigarraga, Itziar, Menasalvas, Ana, Penin, María, Neth, Olaf, Berzosa, Arantxa, De Ceano-Vivas, María, Vidal, Paula, Romero, Isabel, González, Raúl, García, María Luz, Mesa, Juan-Miguel, Ballesteros, Álvaro, Bernardino, María, and Moraleda, Cinta

Published
2022
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69. Correction: Combining schizophrenia and depression polygenic risk scores improves the genetic prediction of lithium response in bipolar disorder patients

Author

Schubert, Klaus Oliver, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Amare, Azmeraw T., Frank, Joseph, Streit, Fabian, Adl, Mazda, Akula, Nirmala, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Ardau, Raffaella, Arias, Bárbara, Aubry, Jean-Michel, Backlund, Lena, Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar, Bellivier, Frank, Benabarre, Antonio, Bengesser, Susanne, Biernacka, Joanna M., Birner, Armin, Marie-Claire, Cynthia, Cearns, Micah, Cervantes, Pablo, Chen, Hsi-Chung, Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Scott R., Cruceanu, Cristiana, Czerski, Piotr M., Dalkner, Nina, Dayer, Alexandre, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Zompo, Maria, DePaulo, J. Raymond, Étain, Bruno, Falkai, Peter, Forstner, Andreas J., Frisen, Louise, Frye, Mark A., Fullerton, Janice M., Gard, Sébastien, Garnham, Julie S., Goes, Fernando S., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Grof, Paul, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Heilbronner, Urs, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Hou, Liping, Hsu, Yi-Hsiang, Jamain, Stephane, Jiménez, Esther, Kahn, Jean-Pierre, Kassem, Layla, Kuo, Po-Hsiu, Kato, Tadafumi, Kelsoe, John, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, König, Barbara, Kusumi, Ichiro, Laje, Gonzalo, Landén, Mikael, Lavebratt, Catharina, Leboyer, Marion, Leckband, Susan G., Maj, Mario, Manchia, Mirko, Martinsson, Lina, McCarthy, Michael J., McElroy, Susan, Colom, Francesc, Mitjans, Marina, Mondimore, Francis M., Monteleone, Palmiero, Nievergelt, Caroline M., Nöthen, Markus M., Novák, Tomas, O’Donovan, Claire, Ozaki, Norio, Ösby, Urban, Papiol, Sergi, Pfennig, Andrea, Pisanu, Claudia, Potash, James B., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva, Rouleau, Guy A., Rybakowski, Janusz K., Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R., Schweizer, Barbara W., Severino, Giovanni, Shekhtman, Tatyana, Shilling, Paul D., Shimoda, Katzutaka, Simhandl, Christian, Slaney, Claire M., Squassina, Alessio, Stamm, Thomas, Stopkova, Pavla, Tekola-Ayele, Fasil, Tortorella, Alfonso, Turecki, Gustavo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Witt, Stephanie H., Roberts, Gloria, Zandi, Peter P., Alda, Martin, Bauer, Michael, McMahon, Francis J., Mitchell, Philip B., Schulze, Thomas G., Rietschel, Marcella, and Baune, Bernhard T.

Published
2022
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70. Tobacco cessation among smokers under substance use treatment for alcohol and/or cannabis: study protocol and pilot study

Author

Feliu, Ariadna, Fernández, Esteve, Castellano, Yolanda, Enríquez, Marta, Saura, Judith, Cabezas, Carmen, Colom, Joan, Suelves, Josep M., Pla, Margarida, Parejo, Mar, Mondon, Sílvia, Barrio, Pablo, Andreu, Magalí, Raich, Antonia, Bernabeu, Jordi, Vilaplana, Jordi, Roca, Xavier, Bautista, Pablo, Guydish, Joseph, and Martínez, Cristina

Published
2022
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74. The low-frequency radio emission in blazar PKS2155-304

Author

Pandey-Pommier, M., Sirothia, S., Chadwick, P., Martin, J. -M., Colom, P., van Driel, W., Combes, F., Kharb, P., Crespeau, P-J., Richard, J., and Guiderdoni, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We report radio imaging and monitoring observations in the frequency range 0.235 - 2.7 GHz during the flaring mode of PKS 2155-304, one of the brightest BL Lac objects. The high sensitivity GMRT observations not only reveal extended kpc-scale jet and FRI type lobe morphology in this erstwhile `extended-core' blazar but also delineate the morphological details, thanks to its arcsec scale resolution. The radio light curve during the end phase of the outburst measured in 2008 shows high variability (8.5%) in the jet emission in the GHz range, compared to the lower core variability (3.2%) seen at the lowest frequencies. The excess of flux density with a very steep spectral index in the MHz range supports the presence of extra diffuse emission at low frequencies. The analysis of multi wavelength (radio/ optical/ gamma-ray) light curves at different radio frequencies confirms the variability of the core region and agrees with the scenario of high energy emission in gamma-rays due to inverse Compton emission from a collimated relativistic plasma jet followed by synchrotron emission in radio. Clearly, these results give an interesting insight of the jet emission mechanisms in blazars and highlight the importance of studying such objects with low frequency radio interferometers like LOFAR and the SKA and its precursor instruments., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, SF2A Conference proceedings, 2016

Published
2016

75. Comets at radio wavelengths

Author

Crovisier, Jacques, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Colom, Pierre, and Biver, Nicolas

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Comets are considered as the most primitive objects in the Solar System. Their composition provides information on the composition of the primitive solar nebula, 4.6 Gyr ago. The radio domain is a privileged tool to study the composition of cometary ices. Observations of the OH radical at 18 cm wavelength allow us to measure the water production rate. A wealth of molecules (and some of their isotopologues) coming from the sublimation of ices in the nucleus have been identified by observations in the millimetre and submillimetre domains. We present an historical review on radio observations of comets, focusing on the results from our group, and including recent observations with the Nan\c{c}ay radio telescope, the IRAM antennas, the Odin satellite, the Herschel space observatory, ALMA, and the MIRO instrument aboard the Rosetta space probe., Comment: Proceedings of URSI France scientific days, "Probing Matter with Electromagnetic Waves", 24-25 March 2015, Paris. To be published in C. R. Physique

Published
2016
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76. Isotopic ratios of H, C, N, O, and S in comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)

Author

Biver, N., Moreno, R., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Sandqvist, Aa., Colom, P., Crovisier, J., Lis, D. C., Boissier, J., Debout, V., Paubert, G., Milam, S., Hjalmarson, A., Lundin, S., Karlsson, T., Battelino, M., Frisk, U., Murtagh, D., and team, the Odin

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The apparition of bright comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) in March-April 2013 and January 2015, combined with the improved observational capabilities of submillimeter facilities, offered an opportunity to carry out sensitive compositional and isotopic studies of the volatiles in their coma. We observed comet Lovejoy with the IRAM 30m telescope between 13 and 26 January 2015, and with the Odin submillimeter space observatory on 29 January - 3 February 2015. We detected 22 molecules and several isotopologues. The H$_2^{16}$O and H$_2^{18}$O production rates measured with Odin follow a periodic pattern with a period of 0.94 days and an amplitude of ~25%. The inferred isotope ratios in comet Lovejoy are $^{16}$O/$^{18}$O = 499 $\pm$ 24 and D/H = 1.4 $\pm$ 0.4 $\times 10^{-4}$ in water, $^{32}$S/$^{34}$S = 24.7 $\pm$ 3.5 in CS, all compatible with terrestrial values. The ratio $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C = 109 $\pm$ 14 in HCN is marginally higher than terrestrial and $^{14}$N/$^{15}$N = 145 $\pm$ 12 in HCN is half the Earth ratio. Several upper limits for D/H or 12C/13C in other molecules are reported. From our observation of HDO in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), we report the first D/H ratio in an Oort Cloud comet that is not larger than the terrestrial value. On the other hand, the observation of the same HDO line in the other Oort-cloud comet, C/2012 F6 (Lemmon), suggests a D/H value four times higher. Given the previous measurements of D/H in cometary water, this illustrates that a diversity in the D/H ratio and in the chemical composition, is present even within the same dynamical group of comets, suggesting that current dynamical groups contain comets formed at very different places or times in the early solar system., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2016
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77. Analysis of the Influence of microRNAs in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder

Author

Reinbold, Céline S, Forstner, Andreas J, Hecker, Julian, Fullerton, Janice M, Hoffmann, Per, Hou, Liping, Heilbronner, Urs, Degenhardt, Franziska, Adli, Mazda, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Akula, Nirmala, Ardau, Raffaella, Arias, Bárbara, Backlund, Lena, Benabarre, Antonio, Bengesser, Susanne, Bhattacharjee, Abesh K, Biernacka, Joanna M, Birner, Armin, Marie-Claire, Cynthia, Cervantes, Pablo, Chen, Guo-Bo, Chen, Hsi-Chung, Chillotti, Caterina, Clark, Scott R, Colom, Francesc, Cousins, David A, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Czerski, Piotr M, Dayer, Alexandre, Étain, Bruno, Falkai, Peter, Frisén, Louise, Gard, Sébastien, Garnham, Julie S, Goes, Fernando S, Grof, Paul, Gruber, Oliver, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Herms, Stefan, Jamain, Stéphane, Jiménez, Esther, Kahn, Jean-Pierre, Kassem, Layla, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Kusumi, Ichiro, Lackner, Nina, Laje, Gonzalo, Landén, Mikael, Lavebratt, Catharina, Leboyer, Marion, Leckband, Susan G, Jaramillo, Carlos A López, MacQueen, Glenda, Manchia, Mirko, Martinsson, Lina, Mattheisen, Manuel, McCarthy, Michael J, McElroy, Susan L, Mitjans, Marina, Mondimore, Francis M, Monteleone, Palmiero, Nievergelt, Caroline M, Ösby, Urban, Ozaki, Norio, Perlis, Roy H, Pfennig, Andrea, Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela, Rouleau, Guy A, Schofield, Peter R, Schubert, K Oliver, Schweizer, Barbara W, Seemüller, Florian, Severino, Giovanni, Shekhtman, Tatyana, Shilling, Paul D, Shimoda, Kazutaka, Simhandl, Christian, Slaney, Claire M, Smoller, Jordan W, Squassina, Alessio, Stamm, Thomas J, Stopkova, Pavla, Tighe, Sarah K, Tortorella, Alfonso, Turecki, Gustavo, Volkert, Julia, Witt, Stephanie H, Wright, Adam J, Young, L Trevor, Zandi, Peter P, Potash, James B, DePaulo, J Raymond, Bauer, Michael, Reininghaus, Eva, Novák, Tomáš, and Aubry, Jean-Michel

Subjects
Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Serious Mental Illness, Bipolar Disorder, Human Genome, Genetics, Biotechnology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, bipolar disorder, lithium response, microRNA, common variants, genome-wide association study, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common, highly heritable neuropsychiatric disease characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Lithium is the best-established long-term treatment for BD, even though individual response is highly variable. Evidence suggests that some of this variability has a genetic basis. This is supported by the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lithium response to date conducted by the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen). Recently, we performed the first genome-wide analysis of the involvement of miRNAs in BD and identified nine BD-associated miRNAs. However, it is unknown whether these miRNAs are also associated with lithium response in BD. In the present study, we therefore tested whether common variants at these nine candidate miRNAs contribute to the variance in lithium response in BD. Furthermore, we systematically analyzed whether any other miRNA in the genome is implicated in the response to lithium. For this purpose, we performed gene-based tests for all known miRNA coding genes in the ConLiGen GWAS dataset (n = 2,563 patients) using a set-based testing approach adapted from the versatile gene-based test for GWAS (VEGAS2). In the candidate approach, miR-499a showed a nominally significant association with lithium response, providing some evidence for involvement in both development and treatment of BD. In the genome-wide miRNA analysis, 71 miRNAs showed nominally significant associations with the dichotomous phenotype and 106 with the continuous trait for treatment response. A total of 15 miRNAs revealed nominal significance in both phenotypes with miR-633 showing the strongest association with the continuous trait (p = 9.80E-04) and miR-607 with the dichotomous phenotype (p = 5.79E-04). No association between miRNAs and treatment response to lithium in BD in either of the tested conditions withstood multiple testing correction. Given the limited power of our study, the investigation of miRNAs in larger GWAS samples of BD and lithium response is warranted.

Published
2018

78. Customizing Tacrolimus Dosing in Kidney Transplantation: Focus on Pharmacogenetics

Author

Lloberas, Nuria, Vidal-Alabró, Anna, and Colom, Helena

Abstract

Different polymorphisms in genes encoding metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters have been associated with tacrolimus pharmacokinetics. In particular, studies on CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, and their combined cluster have demonstrated their significance in adjusting tacrolimus dosing to minimize under- and overexposure thereby increasing the proportion of patients who achieve tacrolimus therapeutic target. Many factors influence the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus, contributing to inter-patient variability affecting individual dosing requirements. On the other hand, the growing use of population pharmacokinetic models in solid organ transplantation, including different tacrolimus formulations, has facilitated the integration of pharmacogenetic data and other variables into algorithms to easier implement the personalized dose adjustment in transplant centers. The future of personalized medicine in transplantation lies in implementing these models in clinical practice, with pharmacogenetics as a key factor to account for the high inter-patient variability in tacrolimus exposure. To date, three clinical trials have validated the clinical application of these approaches. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current studies regarding the different population pharmacokinetic including pharmacogenetics and those translated to the clinical practice for individualizing tacrolimus dose adjustment in kidney transplantation.

Published
2025
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79. Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus

Author

Hagen, Ferry, Lumbsch, H Thorsten, Arsenijevic, Valentina Arsic, Badali, Hamid, Bertout, Sebastien, Billmyre, R Blake, Bragulat, M Rosa, Cabañes, F Javier, Carbia, Mauricio, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chaturvedi, Sudha, Chaturvedi, Vishnu, Chen, Min, Chowdhary, Anuradha, Colom, Maria-Francisca, Cornely, Oliver A, Crous, Pedro W, Cuétara, Maria S, Diaz, Mara R, Espinel-Ingroff, Ana, Fakhim, Hamed, Falk, Rama, Fang, Wenjie, Herkert, Patricia F, Rodríguez, Consuelo Ferrer, Fraser, James A, Gené, Josepa, Guarro, Josep, Idnurm, Alexander, Illnait-Zaragozi, María-Teresa, Khan, Ziauddin, Khayhan, Kantarawee, Kolecka, Anna, Kurtzman, Cletus P, Lagrou, Katrien, Liao, Wanqing, Linares, Carlos, Meis, Jacques F, Nielsen, Kirsten, Nyazika, Tinashe K, Pan, Weihua, Pekmezovic, Marina, Polacheck, Itzhack, Posteraro, Brunella, de Queiroz Telles, Flavio, Romeo, Orazio, Sánchez, Manuel, Sampaio, Ana, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Sriburee, Pojana, Sugita, Takashi, Taj-Aldeen, Saad J, Takashima, Masako, Taylor, John W, Theelen, Bart, Tomazin, Rok, Verweij, Paul E, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Wang, Ping, and Boekhout, Teun

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, Infectious Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Cryptococcus, cryptococcosis, diagnostics, species delimitation, taxonomy, Immunology
Abstract

Cryptococcosis is a major fungal disease caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans species complexes. After more than 15 years of molecular genetic and phenotypic studies and much debate, a proposal for a taxonomic revision was made. The two varieties within C. neoformans were raised to species level, and the same was done for five genotypes within C. gattii. In a recent perspective (K. J. Kwon-Chung et al., mSphere 2:e00357-16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00357-16), it was argued that this taxonomic proposal was premature and without consensus in the community. Although the authors of the perspective recognized the existence of genetic diversity, they preferred the use of the informal nomenclature "C. neoformans species complex" and "C. gattii species complex." Here we highlight the advantage of recognizing these seven species, as ignoring these species will impede deciphering further biologically and clinically relevant differences between them, which may in turn delay future clinical advances.

Published
2017

83. Study of the charge profile of thermally poled electrets

Author

Parsa, S. E., Trull, J., Colom, X., and Sellares, J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The charge profile of thermally poled electrets has been studied using two different methods, laser induced pressure pulse (LIPP) and pulsed electroacoustic (PEA), to gain insight into the mechanisms that are activated and assess which is the most appropriate method to study the charge profile. Disc--shaped PET samples have been conventionally poled to activate both the alpha and the rho relaxation and, right after, partially discharged up to a temperature Tpd. In this way, samples with a different combination of dipolar and space charge polarization have been obtained. Both LIPP and PEA reveal asymmetric profiles for Tpd below the glass transition temperature, that progressively become antisymmetric for higher temperatures. The shape and evolution of the charge profiles can be explained assuming injection of negative carriers from the anode that enhances the trapping of positive carriers near this electrode. It can be observed that PEA is able to detect a wider variety of polarization mechanisms in the system while LIPP gives a simpler picture of the charge profile., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures

Published
2016

84. Ethyl alcohol and sugar in comet C/2014Q2 (Lovejoy)

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Moreno, Raphaël, Crovisier, Jacques, Colom, Pierre, Lis, Dariusz C., Sandqvist, Aage, Boissier, Jérémie, Despois, Didier, and Milam, Stefanie N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The presence of numerous complex organic molecules (COMs; defined as those containing six or more atoms) around protostars shows that star formation is accompanied by an increase of molecular complexity. These COMs may be part of the material from which planetesimals and, ultimately, planets formed. Comets represent some of the oldest and most primitive material in the solar system, including ices, and are thus our best window into the volatile composition of the solar protoplanetary disk. Molecules identified to be present in cometary ices include water, simple hydrocarbons, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen-bearing species, as well as a few COMs, such as ethylene glycol and glycine. We report the detection of 21 molecules in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), including the first identification of ethyl alcohol (ethanol, C2H5OH) and the simplest monosaccharide sugar glycolaldehyde (CH2OHCHO) in a comet. The abundances of ethanol and glycolaldehyde, respectively 5 and 0.8% relative to methanol (0.12 and 0.02% relative to water), are somewhat higher than the values measured in solar- type protostars. Overall, the high abundance of COMs in cometary ices supports the formation through grain-surface reactions in the solar system protoplanetary disk.

Published
2015

85. Optimal interactions of light with magnetic and electric resonant particles

Author

Colom, Remi, Devilez, Alexis, Bonod, Nicolas, and Stout, Brian

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

This work studies the limits of far and near-field electromagnetic response of sub-wavelength scatterers, like the unitary limit and of lossless scatterers, and the ideal absorption limit of lossy particles. These limit behaviors are described in terms of analytic formulas that approximate finite size effects while rigorously including radiative corrections. This analysis predicts the electric and/or magnetic limit responses of both metallic and dielectric nanoparticles while quantitatively describing near-field enhancements., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables

Published
2015
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86. On sky characterization of the BAORadio wide band digital backend: Search for HI emission in Abell85, Abell1205 and Abell2440 galaxy clusters

Author

Ansari, R., Campagne, J. E, Colom, P., Ferrari, C., Magneville, Ch., Martin, J. M., Moniez, M., and Torrento, A. S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We have observed regions of three galaxy clusters at z$\sim$ [0.06, 0.09] (Abell85, Abell1205, Abell2440), as well as calibration sources with the Nancay radiotelescope (NRT) to search for 21 cm emission and fully characterize the FPGA based BAORadio digital backend. The total observation time of few hours per source have been distributed over few months, from March 2011 to January 2012, due to scheduling constraints of the NRT, which is a transit telescope. Data have been acquired in parallel with the NRT standard correlator (ACRT) back-end, as well as with the BAORadio data acquisition system. The latter enables wide band instantaneous observation of the [1250, 1500]MHz frequency range, as well as the use of powerful RFI mitigation methods thanks to its fine time sampling. A number of questions related to instrument stability, data processing and calibration are discussed. We have obtained the radiometer curves over the integration time range [0.01,10 000] seconds and we show that sensitivities of few mJy over most of the wide frequency band can be reached with the NRT. It is clearly shown that in blind line search, which is the context of HI intensity mapping for Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, the new acquisition system and processing pipeline outperforms the standard one. We report a positive detection of 21 cm emission at 3 sigma-level from galaxies in the outer region of Abell85 at 1352 MHz (14 400 km/s) corresponding to a line strength of 0.8 Jy km/s. We observe also an excess power around 1318 MHz (21 600 km/s), although at lower statistical significance, compatible with emission from Abell1205 galaxies. Detected radio line emissions have been cross matched with optical catalogs and we have derived hydrogen mass estimates., Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures

Published
2015
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87. Honoring Lived Experience: Life Histories as a Realist Evaluation Method

Author

Richardson, Emma Z. L., Phillips, Mary, Colom, Alejandra, and Nichols, Jennica

Abstract

Program participants have been largely excluded as an evidence source in realist evaluations. We test whether and how lived experience as described through life history interviews with pilot program participants can be used as a valid and unique source of data for elucidating context (C)--mechanism (M)--outcome (O) configurations and informing program theory. We use data about "Opening Opportunities," a program for indigenous adolescent girls in rural Guatemala, to build a theory of change relating to educational attainment. Life histories yield a rich data set that allows probing of quintessential realist questions; capture subtle, hard-to-measure, and longer term contextual factors and mechanisms; elucidate co-occurring CM and MO dyads; help decipher individual- and structural-level contexts; and provide unique additions and refinements to the program theory. Importantly, this work expands potential evidence sources to inform program theory by including the unique insights from those with lived experience.

Published
2019
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88. Time-Lagged Associations between Cognitive and Cortical Development from Childhood to Early Adulthood

Author

Estrada, Eduardo, Ferrer, Emilio, Román, Francisco J., Karama, Sherif, and Colom, Roberto

Abstract

Throughout childhood and adolescence, humans experience marked changes in cortical structure and cognitive ability. Cortical thickness and surface area, in particular, have been associated with cognitive ability. Here we ask the question: What are the time-related associations between cognitive changes and cortical structure maturation. Identifying a developmental sequence requires multiple measurements of these variables from the same individuals across time. This allows capturing relations among the variables and, thus, finding whether (a) developmental cognitive changes follow cortical structure maturation, (b) cortical structure maturation follows cognitive changes, or (c) both processes influence each other over time. Four hundred and thirty children and adolescents (age range = 6.01-22.28 years) completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence battery and were MRI scanned at 3 time points separated by ˜2 years (M[subscript age] T1 = 10.60, SD = 3.58; M[subscript age] T2 = 12.63, SD = 3.62; M[subscript age] T3 = 14.49, SD = 3.55). Latent change score models were applied to quantify age-related relationships among the variables of interest. Our results indicate that cortical and cognitive changes related to each other reciprocally. Specifically, the magnitude or rate of the change in each variable at any occasion--and not the previous level--was predictive of later changes. These results were replicated for brain regions selected according to the coordinates identified in the Basten et al.'s (2015)meta-analysis, to the parieto-frontal integration theory (Jung & Haier, 2007) and to the whole cortex. Potential implications regarding brain plasticity and cognitive enhancement are discussed.

Published
2019
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92. Climate change drives widespread shifts in lake thermal habitat

Author

Kraemer, Benjamin M., Pilla, Rachel M., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Anneville, Orlane, Ban, Syuhei, Colom-Montero, William, Devlin, Shawn P., Dokulil, Martin T., Gaiser, Evelyn E., Hambright, K. David, Hessen, Dag O., Higgins, Scott N., Jöhnk, Klaus D., Keller, Wendel, Knoll, Lesley B., Leavitt, Peter R., Lepori, Fabio, Luger, Martin S., Maberly, Stephen C., Müller-Navarra, Dörthe C., Paterson, Andrew M., Pierson, Donald C., Richardson, David C., Rogora, Michela, Rusak, James A., Sadro, Steven, Salmaso, Nico, Schmid, Martin, Silow, Eugene A., Sommaruga, Ruben, Stelzer, Julio A. A., Straile, Dietmar, Thiery, Wim, Timofeyev, Maxim A., Verburg, Piet, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., and Adrian, Rita

Published
2021
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95. Dietary folate intake and metabolic syndrome in participants of PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional study

Author

Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva-Maria, Vioque, Jesus, Toledo, Estefanía, Oncina-Canovas, Alejando, Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Corella, Dolores, Fitó, Montserrat, Romaguera, Dora, Alonso-Gómez, Ángel M., Wärnberg, Julia, Martínez, J. Alfredo, Serra-Majem, Luís, Estruch, Ramon, Tinahones, Francisco J., Lapetra, José, Pintó, Xavier, Tur, Josep A., López-Miranda, José, Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora, Matía-Martín, Pilar, Daimiel, Lidia, Sánchez, Vicente Martín, Vidal, Josep, de Cos Blanco, Ana Isabel, Ros, Emili, Diez-Espino, Javier, Babio, Nancy, Fernandez-Carrion, Rebeca, Castañer, Olga, Colom, Antoni, Compañ-Gabucio, Laura, Lete, Itziar Salaverria, Crespo-Oliva, Edelys, Abete, Itziar, Tomaino, Laura, Casas, Rosa, Fernandez-Garcia, José Carlos, Santos-Lozano, José Manuel, Sarasa, Iziar, Gámez, José M., Garcia-Rios, José M. Antonio, Martín-Pelaez, Sandra, Ruiz-Canela, Miguel, Díaz-López, Andrés, Martinez-Lacruz, Raul, Zomeño, Maria Dolors, Rayó, Elena, Sellés, Cristina Gisbert, Canudas, Silvia, Goday, Albert, and García-de-la-Hera, Manoli

Published
2021
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96. Gray matter responsiveness to adaptive working memory training: a surface-based morphometry study

Author

Román, Francisco J, Lewis, Lindsay B, Chen, Chi-Hua, Karama, Sherif, Burgaleta, Miguel, Martínez, Kenia, Lepage, Claude, Jaeggi, Susanne M, Evans, Alan C, Kremen, William S, and Colom, Roberto

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical Physiology, Neurosciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental health, Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Female, Gray Matter, Humans, Intelligence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Short-Term, Young Adult, Cognitive training, Brain plasticity, Surface-based morphometry, Cortical thickness, Cortical surface area, Cognitive Sciences, Developmental Biology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Medical physiology
Abstract

Here we analyze gray matter indices before and after completing a challenging adaptive cognitive training program based on the n-back task. The considered gray matter indices were cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (CSA). Twenty-eight young women (age range 17-22 years) completed 24 training sessions over the course of 3 months (12 weeks, 24 sessions), showing expected performance improvements. CT and CSA values for the training group were compared with those of a matched control group. Statistical analyses were computed using a ROI framework defined by brain areas distinguished by their genetic underpinning. The interaction between group and time was analyzed. Middle temporal, ventral frontal, inferior parietal cortices, and pars opercularis were the regions where the training group showed conservation of gray matter with respect to the control group. These regions support working memory, resistance to interference, and inhibition. Furthermore, an interaction with baseline intelligence differences showed that the expected decreasing trend at the biological level for individuals showing relatively low intelligence levels at baseline was attenuated by the completed training.

Published
2016

97. Brain structural changes following adaptive cognitive training assessed by Tensor-Based Morphometry (TBM)

Author

Colom, Roberto, Hua, Xue, Martínez, Kenia, Burgaleta, Miguel, Román, Francisco J, Gunter, Jeffrey L, Carmona, Susanna, Jaeggi, Susanne M, and Thompson, Paul M

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Biomedical Imaging, Aging, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Brain Disorders, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 6.6 Psychological and behavioural, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Neurological, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Brain, Cognition, Female, Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Learning, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Short-Term, Neuronal Plasticity, Neuropsychological Tests, Working memory training, Brain structural changes, Tensor-Based Morphometry, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

Tensor-Based Morphometry (TBM) allows the automatic mapping of brain changes across time building 3D deformation maps. This technique has been applied for tracking brain degeneration in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases with high sensitivity and reliability. Here we applied TBM to quantify changes in brain structure after completing a challenging adaptive cognitive training program based on the n-back task. Twenty-six young women completed twenty-four training sessions across twelve weeks and they showed, on average, large cognitive improvements. High-resolution MRI scans were obtained before and after training. The computed longitudinal deformation maps were analyzed for answering three questions: (a) Are there differential brain structural changes in the training group as compared with a matched control group? (b) Are these changes related to performance differences in the training program? (c) Are standardized changes in a set of psychological factors (fluid and crystallized intelligence, working memory, and attention control) measured before and after training, related to structural changes in the brain? Results showed (a) greater structural changes for the training group in the temporal lobe, (b) a negative correlation between these changes and performance across training sessions (the greater the structural change, the lower the cognitive performance improvements), and (c) negligible effects regarding the psychological factors measured before and after training.

Published
2016

98. Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder.

Author

Hou, Liping, Bergen, Sarah E, Akula, Nirmala, Song, Jie, Hultman, Christina M, Landén, Mikael, Adli, Mazda, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Arias, Bárbara, Aubry, Jean-Michel, Backlund, Lena, Badner, Judith A, Barrett, Thomas B, Bauer, Michael, Baune, Bernhard T, Bellivier, Frank, Benabarre, Antonio, Bengesser, Susanne, Berrettini, Wade H, Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar, Biernacka, Joanna M, Birner, Armin, Bloss, Cinnamon S, Brichant-Petitjean, Clara, Bui, Elise T, Byerley, William, Cervantes, Pablo, Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Colom, Francesc, Coryell, William, Craig, David W, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Czerski, Piotr M, Davis, Tony, Dayer, Alexandre, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Zompo, Maria, DePaulo, J Raymond, Edenberg, Howard J, Étain, Bruno, Falkai, Peter, Foroud, Tatiana, Forstner, Andreas J, Frisén, Louise, Frye, Mark A, Fullerton, Janice M, Gard, Sébastien, Garnham, Julie S, Gershon, Elliot S, Goes, Fernando S, Greenwood, Tiffany A, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Hauser, Joanna, Heilbronner, Urs, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Herms, Stefan, Hipolito, Maria, Hitturlingappa, Shashi, Hoffmann, Per, Hofmann, Andrea, Jamain, Stephane, Jiménez, Esther, Kahn, Jean-Pierre, Kassem, Layla, Kelsoe, John R, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Koller, Daniel L, König, Barbara, Lackner, Nina, Laje, Gonzalo, Lang, Maren, Lavebratt, Catharina, Lawson, William B, Leboyer, Marion, Leckband, Susan G, Liu, Chunyu, Maaser, Anna, Mahon, Pamela B, Maier, Wolfgang, Maj, Mario, Manchia, Mirko, Martinsson, Lina, McCarthy, Michael J, McElroy, Susan L, McInnis, Melvin G, McKinney, Rebecca, Mitchell, Philip B, Mitjans, Marina, Mondimore, Francis M, Monteleone, Palmiero, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Nievergelt, Caroline M, Nöthen, Markus M, Novák, Tomas, Nurnberger, John I, Nwulia, Evaristus A, and Ösby, Urban

Subjects
Genetics, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Human Genome, Bipolar Disorder, Prevention, Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Chromosomes, Human, X, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Receptor, ErbB-2, Receptor, erbB-2, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behaviour. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ∼2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the X-chromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, P =  5.87 × 10 -  9; odds ratio (OR) = 1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, P =  4.53 × 10 -  9; OR = 1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.

Published
2016

99. Genetic variants associated with response to lithium treatment in bipolar disorder: a genome-wide association study.

Author

Hou, Liping, Heilbronner, Urs, Degenhardt, Franziska, Adli, Mazda, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Akula, Nirmala, Ardau, Raffaella, Arias, Bárbara, Backlund, Lena, Banzato, Claudio EM, Benabarre, Antoni, Bengesser, Susanne, Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar, Biernacka, Joanna M, Birner, Armin, Brichant-Petitjean, Clara, Bui, Elise T, Cervantes, Pablo, Chen, Guo-Bo, Chen, Hsi-Chung, Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Scott R, Colom, Francesc, Cousins, David A, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Czerski, Piotr M, Dantas, Clarissa R, Dayer, Alexandre, Étain, Bruno, Falkai, Peter, Forstner, Andreas J, Frisén, Louise, Fullerton, Janice M, Gard, Sébastien, Garnham, Julie S, Goes, Fernando S, Grof, Paul, Gruber, Oliver, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Hofmann, Andrea, Jamain, Stephane, Jiménez, Esther, Kahn, Jean-Pierre, Kassem, Layla, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Kusumi, Ichiro, Lackner, Nina, Laje, Gonzalo, Landén, Mikael, Lavebratt, Catharina, Leboyer, Marion, Leckband, Susan G, Jaramillo, Carlos A López, MacQueen, Glenda, Manchia, Mirko, Martinsson, Lina, Mattheisen, Manuel, McCarthy, Michael J, McElroy, Susan L, Mitjans, Marina, Mondimore, Francis M, Monteleone, Palmiero, Nievergelt, Caroline M, Nöthen, Markus M, Ösby, Urban, Ozaki, Norio, Perlis, Roy H, Pfennig, Andrea, Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela, Rouleau, Guy A, Schofield, Peter R, Schubert, K Oliver, Schweizer, Barbara W, Seemüller, Florian, Severino, Giovanni, Shekhtman, Tatyana, Shilling, Paul D, Shimoda, Kazutaka, Simhandl, Christian, Slaney, Claire M, Smoller, Jordan W, Squassina, Alessio, Stamm, Thomas, Stopkova, Pavla, Tighe, Sarah K, Tortorella, Alfonso, Turecki, Gustavo, Volkert, Julia, Witt, Stephanie, Wright, Adam, Young, L Trevor, Zandi, Peter P, Potash, James B, and DePaulo, J Raymond

Subjects
Humans, Lithium Compounds, Treatment Outcome, Prospective Studies, Bipolar Disorder, Genotype, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Serious Mental Illness, Genetics, Mental Health, Human Genome, Brain Disorders, Genetic Testing, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundLithium is a first-line treatment in bipolar disorder, but individual response is variable. Previous studies have suggested that lithium response is a heritable trait. However, no genetic markers of treatment response have been reproducibly identified.MethodsHere, we report the results of a genome-wide association study of lithium response in 2563 patients collected by 22 participating sites from the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen). Data from common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with categorical and continuous ratings of lithium response. Lithium response was measured using a well established scale (Alda scale). Genotyped SNPs were used to generate data at more than 6 million sites, using standard genomic imputation methods. Traits were regressed against genotype dosage. Results were combined across two batches by meta-analysis.FindingsA single locus of four linked SNPs on chromosome 21 met genome-wide significance criteria for association with lithium response (rs79663003, p=1·37 × 10(-8); rs78015114, p=1·31 × 10(-8); rs74795342, p=3·31 × 10(-9); and rs75222709, p=3·50 × 10(-9)). In an independent, prospective study of 73 patients treated with lithium monotherapy for a period of up to 2 years, carriers of the response-associated alleles had a significantly lower rate of relapse than carriers of the alternate alleles (p=0·03268, hazard ratio 3·8, 95% CI 1·1-13·0).InterpretationThe response-associated region contains two genes for long, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), AL157359.3 and AL157359.4. LncRNAs are increasingly appreciated as important regulators of gene expression, particularly in the CNS. Confirmed biomarkers of lithium response would constitute an important step forward in the clinical management of bipolar disorder. Further studies are needed to establish the biological context and potential clinical utility of these findings.FundingDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program.

Published
2016

100. OH and H2O maser variations in W33B

Author

Colom, P., Lekht, E. E., Pashchenko, M. I., and Rudnitskij, G. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 85A15
Abstract

The active star-forming region W33B is a source of OH and H2O maser emission located in distinct zones around the central object. The aim was to obtain the complete Stokes pattern of polarised OH maser emission, to trace its variability and to investigate flares and long-term variability of the H2O maser and evolution of individual emission features. Observations in the OH lines at a wavelength of 18 cm were carried out on the Nan\c{c}ay radio telescope (France) at a number of epochs in 2008--2014; H2O line observations (long-term monitoring) at a wavelength of 1.35 cm were performed on the 22-metre radio telescope of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory (Russia) between 1981 and 2014. We have observed strong variability of the emission features in the main 1665- and 1667-MHz OH lines as well as in the 1612-MHz satellite line. Zeeman splitting has been detected in the 1665-MHz OH line at 62 km/s and in the 1667-MHz line at 62 and 64 km/s. The magnetic field intensity was estimated to be from 2 to 3 mG. The H2O emission features form filaments, chains with radial-velocity gradients, or more complicated structures including large-scale ones. Long-term observations of the hydroxyl maser in the W33B region have revealed narrowband polarised emission in the 1612-MHz line with a double-peak profile characteristic of Type IIb circumstellar masers. The 30-year monitoring of the water-vapour maser in W33B showed several strong flares of the H2O line. The observed radial-velocity drift of the H2O emission features suggests propagation of an excitation wave in the masering medium with a gradient of radial velocities. In OH and H2O masers some turbulent motions of material are inferred., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures

Published
2014
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