Search

En unas de las asignaturas impartidas por el Depto. de Ingeniería Telemática, se utiliza un procedimiento de evaluación consistente en la cumplimentación por parte del alumnado de formularios impresos que sirven para que los propios estudiantes realicen calificaciones del trabajo académico realizado. Para esta tarea el profesorado dedica una parte significativa de tiempo de clase en aplicar el referido sistema de evaluación. La gestión y tramitación de esta documentación por parte del profesor, requiere de un largo proceso, que finaliza subiéndola a una plataforma web oficial. En anteriores cursos, se ha llevado a cabo, también, el desarrollo “parcial” a modo de trabajo, de diferentes aplicaciones web basadas en los lenguajes con los que se ha llevado a cabo este proyecto. De esta situación surge la idea del desarrollo de una aplicación web que permita al profesor poder gestionar las puntuaciones de los diferentes cursos que tiene una asignatura. Todo esto será accesible desde cualquier dispositivo que tenga acceso a internet, ya que será una página web. El lenguaje utilizado para el desarrollo de la aplicación web será HTML y Java, haciendo uso de la tecnología de los Servlets para el control de la aplicación y de las páginas jsp para mostrar al cliente los datos. También se utilizará una base de datos SQL para el almacenamiento de la información y CSS para la maquetación. Como herramientas utilizadas para la realización de la aplicación, ha sido utilizado el IDE Eclipse para el desarrollo de la aplicación, PostgreSQL para la gestión y manejo de la Base de Datos y los distintos navegadores web para realizar pruebas y depuraciones de código, entre otras. Centrándonos en el contenido de esta memoria, además de lo que ha sido citado anteriormente, en primer lugar se realiza una introducción en la que se expondrá la justificación del proyecto así como la metodología. Después, se hace una explicación de los posibles objetivos planteados en este proyecto, y posteriorment, In one of the subjects taught by the Department of Telematic Engineering, an evaluation procedure is used consisting of the completion by students of printed forms that are used for students themselves to make grades of the academic work done. For this task, the teaching staff dedicates a significant part of class time in applying the referred evaluation system. The management and processing of this documentation by the teacher requires a long process, which ends up uploading it to an official web platform. In previous courses, the "partial" development of different web applications based on the languages with which this project has been carried out has also been carried out. From this situation arises the idea of developing a web application that allows the teacher to manage the scores of the different courses that a subject has. All this will be accessible from any device that has access to the Internet, as it will be a web page. The language used for the development of the web application will be HTML and Java, making use of Servlet technology to control the application and jsp pages to show the client the data. A SQL database will also be used for information storage and CSS for layout. As tools used for the realization of the application, the IDE Eclipse has been used for the development of the application, PostgreSQL for the management of the Database and the different web browsers to make tests and debugging of code, among others. Focusing on the content of this report, in addition to what has been mentioned above, first an introduction is made in which the justification of the project and the methodology will be explained. Afterwards, an explanation of the possible objectives raised in this project is made, and later a theoretical analysis of the needs that the application must fulfill once it is developed is carried out. Once the problem has been identified, the proposed solution is presented. In the following section, the actions and decisions to be taken

En el trabajo que se expone a continuación se ha desarrollado un servicio web API REST, éste ha sido realizado haciendo uso del lenguaje de programación JAVA, el cual es explotado por diversas tecnologías de gran relevancia en el desarrollo web y que han sido aplicadas a este proyecto. REST (Representational State Transfer) es el modelo de transferencia de datos en el cual se basa esta implementación. Éste es un conjunto de principios de arquitectura para describir cualquier interfaz entre sistemas que utilice directamente HTTP para obtener datos o indicar la ejecución de operaciones sobre los datos, en cualquier formato (XML, JSON, etc.) y sin las abstracciones adicionales de los protocolos basados en patrones de intercambio de mensajes, como por ejemplo SOAP. En particular, REST hace uso del protocolo HTTP y del pequeño conjunto de operaciones definidas para el mismo (POST, GET, PUT y DELETE) a través de una sintaxis universal como son las URIs. Estas premisas son las que hacen de REST una arquitectura que presenta una gran escalabilidad y desacoplamiento para los sistemas que puedan hacer uso de ella. La estructura de este desarrollo ha sido realizada a través del software para la gestión y construcción de proyectos Maven. Éste se basa en patrones y estándares y trabaja con arquetipos, los cuales son configurables a través de su fichero POM. En este fichero reside la consiguración necesaria para gestionar librerías, compilar, empaquetar o generar la documentación del proyecto. Maven trabaja con las dependencias que son definidas en el POM, descargándolas y almacenándolas en un repositorio común a todos los proyectos que hagan uso del software, de esta manera se evita la duplicación de librerías y se consigue además el árbol de dependencias que necesite cada librería para su correcto funcionamiento. El modelado del proyecto está estructurado en capas diferenciadas (Fachada, negocio y datos) consiguiendo así desacoplar la funcionalidad de cada una de estas partes., In the work described below has developed a web service API REST, this has been done using the programming language JAVA, which is exploited by various technologies of great relevance in web development and have been applied to this project. REST (Representational State Transfer) is the data transfer model on which this implementation is based. This is a set of architectural principles to describe any interface between systems that directly uses HTTP to obtain data or indicate the execution of operations on the data, in any format (XML, JSON, etc.) and without the additional abstractions of protocols based on message exchange patterns, such as SOAP. In particular, REST makes use of the HTTP protocol and the small set of operations defined for it (POST, GET, PUT and DELETE) through a universal syntax such as URIs. These premises are what make REST an architecture that presents great scalability and decoupling for the systems that can make use of it. The structure of this service has been made through the software for the management and construction of Maven projects. It is based on patterns and standards and works with archetypes, which are configurable through its POM file. In this file resides the achievement necessary to manage libraries, compile, package or generate documentation. Maven works with the dependencies that are defined in the POM, downloading them and storing them in a repository common to all the projects that make use of the software, in this way the duplication of libraries is avoided and the dependencies tree that each library needs for its correct operation is also obtained. The modeling of the project is structured in differentiated layers (Façade, business and data) achieving this way to decouple the functionality of each one of these parts. In addition, for each of the services interfaces have been created with the definition of their methods and their corresponding implementations separately. The internal logic of the application falls on the

En la actualidad existe una gran cantidad de aplicaciones para la realización de ejercicio físico. En este artículo se presenta una arquitectura software para una aplicación que permite la prescripción de ejercicios físicos personalizados. Esta arquitectura incluye dos funcionalidades, la funcionalidad para el especialista que prescribe el ejercicio y la funcionalidad para el usuario que debe seguir esta prescripción. La interacción entre el especialista y el usuario se realiza mediante el envío de eventos. Especialistas (médicos/fisioterapeutas/educadores físicos) pueden indicar los ejercicios adecuados en cada caso. Esta aplicación permitirá a los usuarios con demanda de atención personalizada mejorar la condición física y la calidad de vida. Los usuarios podrán realizar el ejercicio físico de forma autónoma, sin tener que realizar desplazamientos y en un horario flexible., Currently there is a lot of available applications to do physical exercise. This article describes the software architecture for an application that allows customized exercise prescription. This architecture includes two functionalities, the functionality that allows specialists to prescribe physical exercises and the functionality for users who must follow this prescription. Interactions between specialists and users are allowed by means of sending events. Specialists (doctors, physiotherapists and physical educators) can indicate appropriate exercises in each case. This application will allow users with demand for personalized attention to improve their fitness and quality of life. Users can perform physical exercise autonomously, without having to travel and in a flexible schedule.

[EN] Research Question: This article clarifies the role of clusters in industry agglomeration efficiency as well as the role that public and private agents play in their efficiency. Motivation: The automobile industry in Spain is an exception to the industrial decline suffered by the secondary sector since the economic crisis exploded in Spain. Employment in the vehicle manufacturing industry has recovered significantly in Spain in 2017, with a significant growth bringing it closer to 2008 levels. The sector accounts for 8.6 % of the country's GNP. How can we explain this success? Are there new threats (technology, environmental standards, emerging economies, etc.) menacing the sector? Based on value chain and cluster theories we explain its success and how new threats could be managed? The response lays in analyzing the role of cluster agents in the various clusters dynamics. The research shows how the openness of clusters plays a crucial role in their sustainability. Idea: Based on value chain and cluster theories we explain their success and how new threats could be managed? The response lays in analyzing the role of cluster agents in the various clusters dynamics. The research shows how the openness of clusters plays a crucial role in their sustainability. Data: primary data was collected in two surveys and interviews campaigns during 2013 and 2017. Furthermore, secondary data from national, regional and sectoral sources were analysed. Tools: The research is based on a series of interviews and visits to the automotive clusters in Spain. Additionally, the authors have analyzed abundant secondary information and web contents available on the clusters agents: manufacturers, suppliers, unions, associations, etc. Findings: The paper concludes that regional and national policies are relevant but that consensus between clusters¿ agents is essential for their success. However, will the existing agents be able to withstand new threats? .Contribution: The article contribu

Hoy día, vivimos en un mundo “conectado” en el que necesitamos estar al tanto de lo que ocurre a nuestro alrededor, o incluso en lugares no tan cercanos. El Internet de las Cosas (IoT) es un concepto que define a objetos interconectados a través de internet permitiendo la gestión de los mismos. Hay tipos de información fácilmente accesibles para cualquiera que desee obtener alguna actualización, pero existe la necesidad de realizar una búsqueda para estar al corriente y, una vez llegados al dato, puede que ya haya cambiado su valor. El modelo de publicación/subscripción intenta hacer desaparecer este tipo de problemas, gracias a que el usuario tiene la posibilidad de subscribirse a los temas que considere de interés y recibir los datos actualizados una vez que cualquier otro usuario ha modificado su valor. De esta forma, el usuario subscrito obtiene la información actualizada en el mismo instante, sin necesidad de realizar ninguna petición. Este modelo asíncrono de envío de mensajes se basa en dos elementos: cliente y broker. El cliente se subscribe al broker con un topic específico, en el cual puede publicar mensajes o recibirlos si otro cliente publica en el mismo topic. El broker es un servidor en la nube encargado de manejar los mensajes recibidos de los clientes. Es por esto que se considera un intermediario entre clientes, ya que nunca habrá conexión directa entre ambos. A partir de este modelo, se ha desarrollado el proyecto que se presenta a continuación. En él, se expone la elección del protocolo de publicación/subscripción adecuado para la comunicación entre dos clientes finales: un Arduino y una aplicación. Los protocolos más comunes para la gestión de dispositivos de IoT a través del modelo de publicación/subscripción son XMPP, AMQP, MQTT y ZeroMQ; aunque, como se discute en la memoria, MQTT es el más adecuado para este proyecto. Este protocolo facilita la comunicación con el servidor para que, de esta forma, la aplicación pueda obtener los datos de los, Nowadays, we live in a “connected” world in which we need to be aware of what is happening around us, or even in places not so close. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept which defines interconnected devices through the Internet allowing its management. There are some easily accessible types of information for whoever that wants to get some updates, but there is a need to perform a search to keep up to date and, once we get to the data, it may have already changed its value. The publish/subscribe model tries to resolve these kinds of problems, thanks to the fact the user has the possibility to be subscribed to the topics of interest and to receive the updated data once any other user has modified its value. This way, the subscribed user obtains the updated information at the precise instant it has been changed, without the need of making any request. This asynchronous message sending model is based on two elements: client and broker. The client subscribes to the broker in a specific topic, in which the client is able to publish messages o receive them if another client publishes in the same topic. The broker is a cloud server in charge of managing messages from clients. This is why it is considered as an intermediary between clients, since there will never be a direct connection between them. From this model, the project presented below has been developed. It describes the selection of the appropriate publish/subscribe protocol for communication between two clients: an Arduino and an application. The most common protocols for managing IoT devices through publish/subscribe model are XMPP, AMQP, MQTT y ZeroMQ, although, as it is discussed in the thesis, MQTT is the most suitable for this project. This protocol facilitates communication with the server so that, in this way, the application can obtain data from the sensors connected to the Arduino, and perform an easy management of them.

Uno de los problemas actuales del Internet de las cosas (Internet of Things, IoT) es el despliegue de aplicaciones nuevas o actualización de antiguas sobre los dispositivos de forma remota. Existen problemas debidos a las dependencias, sus versiones y compatibilidad de estas con las nuevas actualizaciones. Otros problemas vienen derivados de que los errores que se producen en una aplicación puedan afectar a otras, o incluso afecten a componentes principales del dispositivo, es decir, problemas de aislamiento, y además puede existir una falta de escalabilidad de la red. Durante el desarrollo de este proyecto se han utilizado contenedores para ejecutar aplicaciones en los dispositivos IoT y solucionar los problemas de aislamiento y dependencias. Para la ejecución de los contendores se hace uso de dos motores de contendores de código abierto, Docker y balena-engine. Para la gestión de la red de dispositivos se ha usado Kubernetes, un sistema de orquestación de contenedores. Gracias a Kubernetes se ha creado un clúster de tipo maestro-esclavo que permite, a través de una API, gestionar los contendores que se ejecutan en los dispositivos, y, por tanto, las aplicaciones. Del uso de Kubernetes se obtienen otras ventajas, como la posibilidad de exponer servicios directamente desde los dispositivos para ser consultados desde el exterior del clúster. Con Kubernetes se solucionan tanto el problema de la escalabilidad como el despliegue. En esta memoria se explican conceptos básicos tanto de contenedores como de Kubernetes y se profundiza en su funcionamiento interno, algunas características de seguridad, protocolos utilizados, direccionamiento interno, etc. Al ser tecnologías orientadas a la computación en la nube se han adaptado al IoT, por lo que se explica cómo realizar estas adaptaciones para posteriormente ponerlas en práctica. También, se evalúan las características mínimas a nivel de hardware para que un dispositivo pueda incluirse en el sistema. Para demostrar que la t, One of the current problems of the Internet of Things (Internet of Things, IoT) is the deployment of new applications or updates of old ones over devices remotely. There are problems due to the dependencies, their versions and their compatibility with the new updates. Other problems arise from the fact that errors that occur in one application may affect others, or even affect the main components of the device, that is, isolation problems, and, also, it could exist a lack of scalability of the network. During the development of this project containers have been used to run applications on IoT devices and solve the problems of isolation and dependencies. For the execution of the containers, two open source container engines, Docker and balena-engine, are used. For the management of the device network, Kubernetes, a container orchestration system, has been used. Thanks to Kubernetes, a cluster of master-slave type has been created that allows, through an API, to manage the containers that are executed in the devices, and, therefore, the applications. Other advantages are obtained from the use of Kubernetes, such as the possibility of exposing services directly from the devices to be consulted from outside the cluster. With Kubernetes both problems, scalability and deployment have been resolved. In this report, basic concepts of containers and Kubernetes are explained and their internal functioning, some security features, used protocols, internal addressing, etc. are studied in depth. Being technologies oriented to cloud computing have been adapted to the IoT, so it is explained how to make these adaptations to put them later into practice. Also, the minimum characteristics at the hardware level are evaluated so that a device can be included in the system. To demonstrate that the explained theory can actually be put into practice, a Kubernetes cluster for tests has been created, from scratch. For this, Kubeadm and Kubelet have been used, and Kubectl has been used to g

La comunicación y conexión de los diferentes objetos que nos rodean es uno de los principales objetivos que actualmente ocupan a la industria tecnológica. Esto es lo que hoy se conoce como Internet de las Cosas (IoT por sus siglas en inglés). Una consecuencia directa de esta tendencia es que una gran cantidad de datos deberán ser gestionados y procesados con el objetivo de poder sintetizar y seleccionar la información requerida por un usuario o sistema que quiera hacer uso de esa información. Este escenario plantea la necesidad de poder acceder a los datos de una forma sencilla sin necesidad de conocer el protocolo nativo que se emplea para la recolección de esos datos o donde se encuentran. Esta necesidad se ve agravada por la heterogeneidad que se da en este tipo de entornos, así como por la simplicidad de los objetos que generan estos datos, incapaces de soportar complejos protocolos. Sería deseable, por tanto, ser capaz de obtener de manera homogénea y agnóstica a la complejidad subyacente la información necesaria en el momento que se necesite o solicite. Es por ello que resulta obligatorio en el desarrollo de cualquier escenario de estas características contar con un intermediario entre los productores de contexto (objetos, sensores, etc.) y las aplicaciones consumidoras de contexto. En este proyecto se ha abordado esta problemática integrando un sistema de gestión de recursos e información de contexto, desarrollado a partir de un conjunto de componentes disponibles dentro de la plataforma FIWARE. Los datos gestionados en esta plataforma serán generados por una red de sensores. En los últimos años se han producido grandes avances en el desarrollo de este tipo de sistemas: comunicaciones, organización de arquitecturas, orquestación de servicios, seguridad, etc. Desde la aparición de Internet, la sociedad ha cambiado sus formas de comunicarse e interrelacionarse. El Internet de las cosas está cambiando la forma en que nos relacionamos y en la que se relacionan lo, The communication and connectivity of the different objects that surround us is one of the main objectives that are being addressed by the technological industry nowadays. Today, this is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). A direct consequence of this concept is that a huge quantity of data must be managed and processed so as to synthesize and select the information required by a user or system that intends to make use of it. This scenario poses the need of being able to access the data in an easy way, without need of knowing the native protocol being used for collecting this data, or its whereabouts. This need is even more challenging considering the heterogeneity given in this kind of environments, as well as the simplicity of the objects that generate that data, unable to cope with complex protocols. Therefore, it would be desirable being able to obtain the necessary information, in a homogeneous and way agnostic to the underlying complexity, in the moment that it is needed or requested. Consequently, in the development of any scenario of these characteristics, it is mandatory to count with an intermediary between the context producers (objects, sensors, etc) and the applications that consume this context information. These challenges have been tackled in this project by integrating a resource and information context management system for the IoT. This system has been developed by integrating a collection of generic enablers within the FIWARE platform. The data managed in this platform will be generated by a sensor network. In the last years there have been great advances in the development of this type of systems: communications, organization of architectures, orchestration of services, security... From the beginning of the Internet, society has changed the ways of communication and interrelated. The Internet of Things is changing the way we relate to each other and the objects and devices that surround us every day. There are many technologies used for the i

[Objectives]: Our objective was to identify patient factors associated with being untreated for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HIV-coinfected patients., [Methods]: A prospective longitudinal study was carried out. HIV-infected patients with active chronic HCV infection included in the HERACLES cohort (NCT02511496) constituted the study population. The main study outcome was receipt of HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment from 1 May 2015 to 1 May 2017. The population was divided into patients who were receiving HCV treatment during follow-up and those who were not., [Results]: Of the 15 556 HIV-infected patients in care, 3075 (19.7%) presented with chronic HCV infection and constituted the study population. At the end of the follow-up, 1957 patients initiated HCV therapy (63.6%). Age < 50 years, absence of or minimal liver fibrosis, being treatment-naïve, HCV genotype 3 infection, being in the category of people who inject drugs using opioid substitutive therapy (OST-PWID), and being in the category of recent PWID were identified as significant independent risk factors associated with low odds of DAA implementation. When a multivariate analysis was performed including only the PWID population, both OST-PWID [odds ratio (OR) 0.552; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.409–0.746) and recent PWID (OR 0.019; 95% CI 0.004–0.087) were identified as independent factors associated with low odds of treatment implementation., [Conclusions]: We identified factors, which did not include prioritization of a DAA uptake strategy, that limited access to HCV therapy. The low treatment uptake in several populations seriously jeopardizes the elimination of HCV infection in the coming years.

[Objectives] To compare the efficacy of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) for 8 weeks (SL8) versus a 12-week course of SOF/LDV (SL12) among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in clinical practice. In addition we compared sustained virological response (SVR) rates achieved with SL8 in HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in a real life setting., [Methods] HCV-infected patients were retrospectively selected from the HEPAVIR-DAA and GEHEP-MONO real-life prospective cohorts if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) Infected with genotype 1; 2) Treatment with SL8 or SL12; 3) Treatment naïve prior to receiving SL8 or SL12; 4) Absence of cirrhosis; 5) Baseline HCV RNA<6 × 106 IU/mL; 6) Reached the scheduled time-point for SVR (SVR12) assessment. SVR12 and relapse rates of HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were compared on an intention to treat basis. The responses with SL8 and SL12 were also compared., [Results] In the SL8 group, 107 (51%) HCV-monoinfected and 102 (49%) HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were included. One hundred and sixty-four (43%) HCV-monoinfected subjects and 220 (57%) HIV/HCV-coinfected patients received SL12. SVR12 rates for HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated with SL8 vs SL12 were SVR12 92.2% vs. 97.3% (p = 0.044) and the respective relapse rates were 4.9% vs. 0.5% (p = 0.013). SVR12 rates for SL8 among HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were: 96.3% vs. 92.2% (p = 0.243), respectively. The corresponding relapse rates were 0.9% vs. 4.9% (p = 0.112)., [Conclusion] HIV/HCV-coinfected patients reach high rates of SVR12 with SL8, although lower than with SL12, mainly due to a higher probability of relapse. SVR12 rates with SL8 are numerically lower and the proportion of relapses higher in HIV/HCVcoinfected patients than in HCV-monoinfected subjects.

Treatment guidelines differ in their recommendation to determine baseline resistance associated substitutions (RAS) before starting a first-line treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Here we analyze the efficacy of DAA treatment with baseline RAS information. We conducted a prospective study involving 23 centers collaborating in the GEHEP-004 DAA resistance cohort. Baseline NS5A and NS3 RASs were studied by Sanger sequencing. After issuing a comprehensive resistance report, the treating physician decided the therapy, duration and ribavirin use. Sustained virological response (SVR12) data are available in 275 patients. Baseline NS5A RAS prevalence was between 4.3% and 26.8% according to genotype, and NS3 RASs prevalence (GT1a) was 6.3%. Overall, SVR12 was 97.8%. Amongst HCV-GT1a patients, 75.0% had >800,000 IU/ml and most of those that started grazoprevir/elbasvir were treated for 12 weeks. In genotype 3, NS5A Y93H was detected in 9 patients. 42.8% of the HCV-GT3 patients that started sofosbuvir/velpatasvir included ribavirin, although only 14.7% carried Y93H. The efficacy of baseline resistance-guided treatment in our cohort has been high across the most prevalent HCV genotypes in Spain. The duration of the grazoprevir/elbasvir treatment adhered mostly to AASLD/IDSA recommendations. In cirrhotic patients infected with GT-3 there has been a high use of ribavirin.

Durante siete cursos consecutivos se han ido realizando y construyendo practicas docentes, en el denominado Taller Vertical de Integración, donde estudiantes de arquitectura de diferentes cursos han trabajado conjuntamente simulando “equipos multidisciplinares” produciendo una interacción y transmisión de conocimiento. La evolución y progresión de estos talleres ha quedado representada en esta comunicación donde se expone la ultima práctica realizada, en la que se desarrolla una metodología transversal de docencia, oficio e investigación arquitectónica. La posibilidad de conectar con una situación real en la que la sociedad, el entorno urbano, el territorio, el paisaje, el patrimonio, la movilidad y la cultura están presentes, ha producido un aprendizaje integrador, fundamentado en el desarrollo profesional e investigador en arquitectura., During seven consecutive courses have been doing and building practices teachers, in the Workshop Vertical Integration, where architecture students from different courses have worked together to simulate "multidisciplinary teams" producing an interaction and knowledge transfer. The evolution and progression of these workshops has been represented in this communication where the last carried out practice, which develops a transverse methodology of teaching, nursing and architectural research. The possibility of connecting with a real situation in the society, the urban environment, territory, landscape, heritage, mobility and culture are present, has produced a learning system integrator, based on professional development and research in architecture., Peer Reviewed

Debido la masificación de clientes en Internet, y a los inevitables cortes que un servicio puede sufrir por su propia naturaleza, la tecnología está cambiando de paradigma. Los nuevos conceptos tecnológicos como son Big data, machine learning o data science, se basan en aplicaciones distribuidas con las que paliar las saturación de usuarios y dotar a la aplicación de alta disponibilidad, con la que se garantiza el acceso al servicio y de calidad. Este paradigma ha sido muy bien adoptado por las empresas, que ven en él una forma de ganarse la confianza de clientes, ya que éstos perciben un servicio de calidad, la empresa dispone de alta disponibilidad en aplicaciones críticas y se abaratan costes, debido a que la infraestructura escala fácilmente en función a la demanda de clientes. El rol que tiene el balanceador de carga como elemento centralizador del tráfico que circula hacia las aplicaciones distribuidas, lo hace ideal como punto en el cual aplicarles las políticas de seguridad. Esto presenta varias mejoras en el mantenimiento y rendimiento de la aplicación, como son: que la gestión de la seguridad se hace en un único nodo; se valida la información que reciben las aplicaciones, haciendo posible que la comunicación con ésta pueda viajar sin cifrar; y se aprovechan algunas de las operaciones del proxy Web que son compartidas con el WAF (Web Application Firewall) con lo que se elimina latencia. Con este proyecto se ha dotado a un balanceador de carga de capacidades WAF (Web Application Firewall), utilizando una librería de inspección de contenido que permite configurar reglas con las que proteger los servidores frente a amenazas y vulnerabilidades. El desarrollo se ha llevado a cabo teniendo en cuenta que el rendimiento fuese lo más óptimo posible y que el servicio de balanceo no sufra cortes durante la configuración de las políticas de seguridad, dado su criticidad. Para abstraerse de la librería y darle al operador de seguridad una herramienta fácil e intuitiva, Due to the mass of clients on the internet, and the inevitable breaks in service that an application can experience because of its very nature, technology is changing its paradigm. New technical concepts like Big Data, Machine Learning and Data Science, are based on distributed applications that solve the user saturation and gives the system high availability, and the guarantee of accessing a quality service. This paradigm has been widely adopted by companies, which are using these new techniques to gain the clients‟ confidence. Therefore the clients can receive quality services, the companies obtain better infrastructures in their critical applications and they save waste. The load balancer role, as a centralizing element of traffic to the distributed application, makes it an ideal point to apply the network security and ensure its veracity. This introduces some improvements in the maintenance and performance of the applications, they are: the security management is done in a single node; the information that the applications receive is validated, making communication between the load balancer and the processing nodes possible without a cipher; and it is possible to take advantage of some proxy operations that are shared with the WAF (Web Application Firewall), removing latency. In this project, a load balancer has been improved with WAF feature, using a content inspection library that allows setting security rules that help protect the Web servers from security threats and vulnerabilities. The development has been done, bearing in mind, the performance and not disturbing the load balancing services while the security policies are being configured, due the load balancer critical role for the provided service. An HTTP API has been developed with the purpose of abstracting the WAF library and providing the security administrators a tool which will let configure the system easily. The API compiles JSON objects to complex SecLang directives. The API can be used for sev

El análisis de los datos se ha convertido hoy en día en una parte fundamental de las tecnologías de la información, y nos permite sacar el máximo partido a los datos. Este trabajo se centra en aplicar un análisis y representación a un escenario consistente en un edificio donde exista una infraestructura de control de entradas, como puede ser un museo. Para ello, se ha desarrollado un escenario completo que comprende las siguientes fases: Una primera fase basada en la producción de datos, empleando elementos del internet de las cosas como son: sensores, placas Arduino, Raspberry Pi, transceptores radio, etc. En esta fase se utilizan estos elementos para la producción de los datos del escenario, realizando la conexión entre las placas mediante comunicación inalámbrica en la banda 2.4GHz. Una segunda fase basada en la recolección de los datos de la fase anterior. Para ello se emplea la plataforma FIWARE, concretamente el context broker Orion, que hace de intermediario entre el escenario y el sistema de almacenamiento de los datos. Por un lado, los datos son notificados desde una placa Raspberry Pi a Orion context broker, que mantiene los últimos valores obtenidos de los sensores en una base de datos MongoDB. Por otro, Orion a su vez los notifica a la sección de almacenamiento persistente que hemos desarrollado en este prototipo. Estos datos notificados por Orion son almacenados en una base de datos MySQL. La tercera fase realiza la recolección de datos externos, conectándose a redes sociales para obtener la opinión de los usuarios o visitantes. Concretamente se emplea la red social Facebook, en la que se ha creado una página específica para este proyecto que permite recabar valoraciones de los usuarios. A continuación, la cuarta y última fase realiza el análisis de los datos, empleando herramientas de procesamiento, análisis y visualización. Estas herramientas comprenden librerías específicas en Python como Pandas o scikit-learn, que permiten el análisis de los datos, Nowadays data analysis has become a fundamental part of information technology, because it allows us to and allows us to make the most of the data. This work focuses on the analysis and representation in a scenario consisting of a building that has an infrastructure for ticket control, such as a museum. For this, a complete scenario has been developed that includes the following phases: A first phase based on internet of things elements such as: sensors, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, radio transceivers, etc. In this phase these elements are used to produce the scenario data, making the connection between the boards through wireless communication in the 2.4GHz band. A second phase based on the data collection of the previous phase. To do this, the FIWARE platform is used, specifically the Orion context, which acts as an intermediary between the scenario and the data storage system. On one hand, the data from a Raspberry Pi board is notified to an Orion context broker, which keeps the latest data collected from the sensors in a MongoDB database, and notifies them to the persistent storage section that we have developed in this prototype These data are stored in a MySQL database. The third phase performs the collection of external data, connecting to social networks to obtain the opinion of users or visitors. Specifically, the social network Facebook is used, in which a specific page has been created for this project that allows to obtain users valuations. Then, the fourth and last phase perform the analysis of the data, employing processing, analysis and visualization tools. These free tools are specific libraries in Python like pandas or scikit-learn, which allows the analysis of the data, or matplotlib that allows the representation and is used to show the results. These results are stored in the aforementioned MySQL database. In this work we have developed a functional prototype capable of monitoring the data obtained from the sensors deployed on the stage and perform an

This article seeks to clarify the different characteristics of a PMO (Project Management Office), in order that entrepreneurs understand the importance of project management within a business organization, highlighting important authors who have talked about the topic as Hill (2014) author who defines in his book the types of PMO. Taking into account the premise that directing projects involves directing a series of processes, with which it must be completed in time, cost and scope without losing context the quality that should be applied in all processes. In Colombia the PMO are recent, but it tends to confuse its activities; besides clarifying that this type of office has a relevant cost for the company, but also help generate cash flows for the maintenance of the organization., Este articulo busca dar claridad sobre las diferentes características que tiene un PMO (Project Management Office), con el fin de que los empresarios entiendan la importancia que tiene la gerencia de proyectos dentro de una organización empresarial, resaltando autores tan importantes que han hablado del tema como Hill (2014) autor que define en su libro los tipos de PMO. Teniendo en cuenta la premisa de que dirigir proyectos implica dirigir una serie de procesos, con los cuales se debe llegar a finalizar el mismo en tiempo, costo y alcance sin perder de contexto la calidad que se debe aplicar en todos los procesos. En Colombia la PMO son recientes, pero se tiende a confundir sus actividades; además de clarificar que este tipo de oficina tiene un costo relevante para la empresa, pero así mismo ayudan a generar flujos de caja para el sostenimiento de la organización.

[Objective] The aim of this study was to determine the predictive capacity of response at treatment week (TW) 4 for the achievement of sustained virological response 12 weeks after the scheduled end of therapy date (SVR12) to treatment against hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 (GT3) infection with all-oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) -based regimens., [Patients and methods] From a prospective multicohort study, HCV GT3-infected patients who completed a course of currently recommended DAA-based therapy at 33 Spanish hospitals and who had reached the SVR12 evaluation time-point were selected. TW4 HCV-RNA levels were categorized as target-not-detected (TND), below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQTD) and ≥LLOQ., [Results] A total of 123 patients were included, 86 (70%) received sofosbuvir/ daclatasvir ± ribavirin, 27 (22%) received sofosbuvir/ ledipasvir/ ribavirin and 10 (8.1%) received sofosbuvir/ ribavirin, respectively. In all, 114 (92.7%) of the 123 patients presented SVR12 in an on-treatment approach, but nine (7.3%) patients relapsed, all of them had presented cirrhosis at baseline. In those who achieved TND, LLOQTD and ≥LLOQ, SVR12 was observed in 81/83 (98%; 95% CI 91.5%–99.7%), 24/28 (85.7%; 95% CI 67.3%–96%) and 9/12 (75%; 95% CI 42.8%–94.5%), respectively; p(linear association) 0.001. Corresponding numbers for subjects with cirrhosis were: 52/54 (96.3%; 95% CI 87.3%–95.5%), 14/18 (77.8%; 95% CI 52.4%–93.6%) and 7/10 (70%; 95% CI 34.8%–93.3%); p 0.004., [Conclusions] TW4-response indicates the probability of achieving SVR12 to currently used DAA-based therapy in HCV genotype 3-infected individuals with cirrhosis. This finding may be useful to tailor treatment strategy in this setting.

In two siblings, who suffer from an early childhood-onset axonal polyneuropathy with exclusive involvement of motor fibers, the c.629T>C (p.F210S) mutation was identified in the X-linked AIFM1 gene, which encodes for the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). The mutation was predicted as deleterious, according to in silico analysis. A decreased expression of the AIF protein, altered cellular morphology, and a fragmented mitochondrial network were observed in the proband's fibroblasts. This new form of motor neuropathy expands the phenotypic spectrum of AIFM1 mutations and therefore, the AIFM1 gene should be considered in the diagnosis of hereditary motor neuropathies.

Teaching of computer-aided practical subjects in engineering education creates new challenges. Computers have to be configured to support particular requirements of each subject. Virtual Environments allows the building of a Virtual Machine (VM) tailored to requirements of each subject, allowing flexible, versatile and low cost laboratories. However, the use of multiple VM at a shared computing facility creates new problems, both technical and related to the performance of the class sessions. To solve these challenges, we have developed the Virtual Machine on-Demand (VMoD) tool. It automates the adaptation of each VM to the environment in which it is deployed and simplifies its use to students. As a result, the creation of computer-aided engineering laboratories on a shared computing facility using VM is possible and profitable.

Este proyecto consiste en el desarrollo de una aplicación que permita aprender, de forma básica, a programar. Está dirigido a usuarios que no dispongan de conocimientos de programación y quieran aprender las estructuras básicas presentes en la mayoría de los lenguajes de programación. El proyecto surge a partir de otro realizado el año pasado, en el que se desarrollaba para dispositivos Android, mientras que éste se desarrollará para dispositivos iOS. Se ha optado desarrollarlo en esta plataforma debido a que entre los dispositivos Android e iOS suman una cuota de mercado del 96,4%, según los datos de la consultora IDC para el segundo trimestre de 2014. Para llegar a la mayor cantidad de usuarios posibles, es necesario desarrollar las aplicaciones para estas dos plataformas, como mínimo. La aplicación se ha desarrollado con el objetivo de conseguir un videojuego en el que el usuario obtenga los conocimientos básicos de programación. Está divido en niveles y el usuario debe escribir programas para resolverlos. El usuario deberá desarrollar sus conocimientos en cada nivel, ya que es necesario programar sentencias y estructuras para ir avanzando a través de ellos. Cada nivel irá aumentando la dificultad y se deberán usar expresiones más complejas. Para conseguir resolverlos, se proporcionarán ayudas como información de estructuras que se pueden utilizar, código ya escrito al inicio de un nivel o un teclado en el que se tratará de evitar la mayor parte de errores sintácticos. El teclado se ha diseñado para que resulte sencillo escribir las sentencias, pulsando un botón se puede escribir una sentencia correcta sintácticamente. Además, se ha dividido agrupando los componentes del mismo estilo, por un lado los métodos, por otro los bucles, etc. El juego tiene un personaje principal, cuyo nombre es Ada, el cual será programado por el usuario. Las sentencias que se escriban permitirán que Ada realice diversas acciones y cumpla los objetivos de cada misión. Para resolver el n

[Objective] To assess the current frequency of ART-associated grade 3–4 transaminase elevations (TE) and grade 4 total bilirubin elevations (TBE) in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis B and/or C, who start a new regimen of ART., [Patients and Methods] A total of 192 pre-treated or treatment-naive HIV infected patients with HBV and/or HCV-coinfection who started ART in eight Southern Spanish centers from July/2011-December/2013, were followed for 12 months in this prospective study., [Results] Forty-one (21.4%) subjects had been naïve to ART, median (IQR) follow-up was 11.6 (5.6–12.9) months. The most frequently initiated NRTI were tenofovir/emtricitabine [49 patients (25.5%)]. Eighty-nine (46.4%) patients started a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor and 77 (40.1%) individuals a NNRTI. Raltegravir and maraviroc were initiated in 24 (12.5%) and 9 (4.7%) individuals. Ten [5.21%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.53%-9.37%] patients presented grade 3 TE, while 8 (4.17%; 95%CI: 1.82%-8.04%) subjects showed grade 4 TBE. No episodes of grade 4 TE or ART discontinuation due to hepatotoxic events were observed. The use of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir was the only independent predictor for grade 4 TBE [adjusted odds ratio: 7.327 (95%CI: 1.417–37.89); p = 0.018] in an analysis adjusted for age, sex and baseline HIV-RNA levels, while no factor could be independently associated with grade 3–4 TE., [Conclusions] Currently, the frequency of severe ART-associated TE and TBE under real-life conditions in patients with chronic viral hepatitis is similar to what has been reported previously. However, episodes of grade 4 TE are less frequent and severe TE appears to be of lesser concern.

[Background] Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (AHCVI) outbreaks have been described recently within defined areas worldwide among HIV-infected homosexual men. This study aims to describe the cumulative frequency and incidence of firstly acquired AHCVI in an HIV-infected population in Southern Spain., [Methods] This is a retrospective study conducted at the Infectious Diseases Units of eight hospitals in Andalusia, Southern Spain. Primary AHC was considered as HCV immunoglobulin G antibody seroconversion. The time of infection was considered the moment between the last negative and the first positive HCV antibody determination., [Results] A total of 23 cases of primary AHCVI have been detected from 2000 to 2014. Incidence rates [IR; 95 % confidence interval (CI)] were 0.036 (2.272–0.054) per 100 person-years (py) in the overall population over a follow-up period of 64170 py. Of the 22 (95.7 %) male subjects, 21 (95.5 %) had acquired AHCVI by homosexual contact, the IR (95 % CI) was 0.039 (0.024–0.06) per 100 py in this subpopulation. There was no evidence of an increase of AHCVI IR. The incidence of AHCVI was slightly lower between 2000 and 2004 as compared to 2005–2009 [IR ratio (IRR) of 8.8 (95 % CI: 1.279–378.794; p = 0.01)] but reached a plateau afterwards [IRR between 2010 and 2014 versus 2005–2009: 0.727 (0.286–1.848; p = 0.5)]. The median (Q1-Q3) time between the last negative anti-HCV and the first positive anti-HCV determination was 4.7 (1.9–11.2) months. Peak (Q1-Q3) ALT and total bilirubin values during AHCVI were 496 (291–656) IU/mL and 1.15 (0.9–1.98) mg/dL, respectively., [Conclusions] In contrast to what has been reported from other areas, the incidence of primary AHCVI in the HIV-infected population is stable in Southern Spain and there is no evidence of an epidemic, in spite of the high prevalence of HIV/HCV-coinfection in this area.