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A growing body of critical care research draws on real-world data from electronic health records (EHRs). The bedside clinician has myriad data sources to aid in clinical decision-making, but the lack of data sharing and harmonization standards leaves much of this data out of reach for multi-institution critical care research. The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) Discovery Data Science Campaign convened a panel of critical care and data science experts to explore and document unique advantages and opportunities for leveraging EHR data in critical care research. This article reviews and illustrates six organizing topics (data domains and common data elements; data harmonization; data quality; data interoperability and digital infrastructure; data access, sharing, and governance; and ethics and equity) as a data science primer for critical care researchers, laying a foundation for future publications from the SCCM Discovery Data Harmonization and Sharing Guiding Principles Panel.

L’entreprise EDF, en tant qu’aménageur d’infrastructures majeures et gestionnaire de plus de 30 000 hectares de foncier terrestre en France continentale, collabore depuis plus de dix ans avec les Conservatoires botaniques nationaux sur l’origine du matériel végétal utilisé dans ses projets d’aménagement, de réhabilitation post-chantier et de restauration écologique. Cette collaboration se traduit notamment par un partenariat national initié dès la création en 2015 de la marque « Végétal local ». Cette dernière, animée par le réseau des Conservatoires botaniques nationaux, l’Afac-Agroforesteries et Plante & Cité, vise à garantir l’utilisation de matériel végétal adapté au territoire où les projets sont mis en place, dans un souci de protection de la diversité génétique. L’article présente la vision d’EDF sur la structuration de la filière, qui se distingue par un réseau d’animateurs locaux, un lien avec les acteurs de l’économie des territoires et une forte implication du monde de la formation et de la recherche. Un retour d’expérience sur les projets portés par EDF avec du « Végétal local « permet de mettre en lumière les avantages de la marque, mais aussi les défis qui vont de pair avec son utilisation.

BackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with poor survival despite recent therapeutic advances. A better understanding of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment is needed to improve patients’ outcome.MethodsWe applied a computational immunology approach (involving immune cell proportion estimation by deconvolution, transcription factor activity inference, pathways and immune scores estimations) in order to characterize bulk transcriptomics of 62 primary lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) samples from patients across disease stages. Focusing specifically on early stage samples, we validated our findings using an independent LUAD cohort with 70 bulk RNAseq and 15 scRNAseq datasets and on TCGA datasets.ResultsThrough our methodology and feature integration pipeline, we identified groups of immune cells related to disease stage as well as potential immune response or evasion and survival. More specifically, we reported a duality in the behavior of immune cells, notably natural killer (NK) cells, which was shown to be associated with survival and could be relevant for immune response or evasion. These distinct NK cell populations were further characterized using scRNAseq data, showing potential differences in their cytotoxic activity.ConclusionThe dual profile of several immune cells, most notably T-cell populations, have been discussed in the context of diseases such as cancer. Here, we report the duality of NK cells which should be taken into account in conjunction with other immune cell populations and behaviors in predicting prognosis, immune response or evasion.

INTRODUCTION: Lenadogene nolparvovec is a promising novel gene therapy for patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) carrying the m.11778G>A ND4 mutation (MT-ND4). A previous pooled analysis of phase 3 studies showed an improvement in visual acuity of patients injected with lenadogene nolparvovec compared to natural history. Here, we report updated results by incorporating data from the latest phase 3 trial REFLECT in the pool, increasing the number of treated patients from 76 to 174. METHODS: The visual acuity of 174 MT-ND4-carrying patients with LHON injected in one or both eyes with lenadogene nolparvovec from four pooled phase 3 studies (REVERSE, RESCUE and their long-term extension trial RESTORE; and REFLECT trial) was compared to the spontaneous evolution of an external control group of 208 matched patients from 11 natural history studies. RESULTS: Treated patients showed a clinically relevant and sustained improvement in their visual acuity when compared to natural history. Mean improvement versus natural history was - 0.30 logMAR (+ 15 ETDRS letters equivalent) at last observation (P

Fermentation alters the protein content and composition of foods. To characterize fungal catabolism of peanut proteins, defatted peanut flour was fermented by Rhizopus oryzae (R. oryzae) for up to 48 h and evaluated by SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry, and antibody binding. A clear change in peanut protein migration was observed by SDS-PAGE after 16 h of fermentation. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated changes in allergen peptides and R. oryzae proteins. Several low molecular weight allergen fragments produced during fermentation were identified by mass spectrometry. Immunoassays using anti-peanut allergen antibodies demonstrated reduced allergen content as early as 16 h of fermentation. However, ELISA with peanut allergic IgE indicated only slightly reduced allergen binding even after 48 h. These results indicate that while R. oryzae fermentation efficiently metabolizes peanut allergens, significant IgE binding remains in lower molecular mass peptides, and therefore R. oryzae fermented peanut products would not be safe for peanut allergic individuals.

Our article aims to identify the pragmatics of science fiction texts, the way in which they are perceived and handled by readers, especially students. SF literature tends to inscribe in the text the figure of the reader-investigator, or even of the suspicious reader. While any literary reading in general requires this kind of investigation, if only to resolve the inferences necessary for comprehension, SF would require more effort because of the semantic oddities designed to represent the science-fictional universe more or less distanced from the readers’ real reference point. This article looks at cultural and didactic approaches to the study of utopias and extraordinary journeys from the classical period to more contemporary dystopias, as well as resistant texts and the paradigm of the reader subject. A whole arsenal of tried and tested teaching methods can be used to study science fiction in the classroom.

The aim of this article is to provide some answers to the question of the use and content of science fiction (SF) in the teaching of literature, from the historical perspective of French secondary education. It shows that SF – since the 1970s – has been a constant subject of teaching in French secondary schools, first approached in a marginal way, then taking on a greater role – particularly in school textbooks – as curricula changed and children’s literature was introduced into the school corpus (1980s). The time milestones selected enable us to identify the main trends according to periods corresponding to developments initiated either by research or by official national education programs. An analysis of examples shows that, from the 1970s, SF was regularly the subject of pedagogical and didactic proposals. In a first approach, the examples selected are each time situated at the junction of applied university research and analyzed classroom experiences. A second section analyzes the use of SF in a panel of textbooks at the turn of the millennium. The third part of the study offers reflections on more contemporary teaching. The constant presence of SF in French language teaching is nonetheless minor, whatever the period considered.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the magnitude and the predictors of the placebo response in an internet versus onsite randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in people with hand osteoarthritis (HOA). Method: This study is a post-hoc analysis based on one internet RCT (RADIANT) and previously published onsite RCTs for HOA identified through a rigorous searching and selection strategy. The magnitude of the placebo response in the two different types of RCTs were compared using heterogeneity statistics and forest plots visualisation. Classic placebo predictors as well as a combined model, defined with data from onsite RCTs, were tested to predict the placebo response. Results: We analysed the dataset from RADIANT and fourteen previously published onsite RCTs. None of the analyses showed a significant difference between the placebo response for the internet versus onsite RCTs. The “classic” placebo predictors combined in a multivariate predictive model correlated significantly with the placebo response measured in RADIANT study. Conclusion: Despite the absence of face-to-face interactions with the study personnel, there is no evidence that either the magnitude or the predictors of the placebo response of this internet RCT differ from those of onsite RCTs. This analysis is considered as a first step towards evaluating the difference between these designs and strengthens the argument that internet RCTs remain an acceptable alternative way to assess the efficacy of an active treatment in comparison to a placebo.