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Reclaimed water is water that has been treated in municipal wastewater facilities and is safe to use for designated purposes, including residential landscape irrigation. “Water reuse” is the term used to describe the beneficial application of reclaimed water. Approximately 663 million gallons of reclaimed water are used daily in Florida. Florida is a national leader in using reclaimed water, and in 2006 Florida’s reuse program received the first U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water Efficiency Leader Award. Using reclaimed water in Florida meets a state objective for conserving freshwater supplies, and preserves the water quality of rivers, streams, lakes, and aquifers. This publication discusses the benefits of using reclaimed water to irrigate the landscape and explains how using reclaimed water helps to protect the environment. This 4-page fact sheet was written by George Hochmuth, Laurie Trenholm, Don Rainey, Esen Momol, Claire Lewis, and Brian Niemann, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss587

Soil is the most important building block of a healthy, attractive landscape, serving many important physical, chemical, and biological functions. Soil provides a physical substrate for plant support and holds nutrients and water for plant use. It also facilitates groundwater recharge (water moving from surface water to groundwater) and provides long-term storage for organic matter. Soil also provides a habitat for microorganisms that aid in the transformation and availability of nutrients. Soil is an integral part of any ecosystem, but urbanization often changes soils in ways that negatively affect plant development. Soils in urban areas may have reduced water infiltration, resulting in increased runoff and increased potential for nutrient losses. Homeowners in urban areas often overcompensate for poor planting conditions by applying inappropriate amounts of fertilizer and water. These practices eventually lead to nutrient losses through stormwater runoff or soil leaching, and these lost nutrients negatively impact groundwater and ecosystems in nearby springs, streams, and water bodies. This 6-page fact sheet was written by George Hochmuth, Laurie Trenholm, Esen Momol, Don Rainey, Claire Lewis, and Brian Niemann, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss593

We report on the findings of a survey performed on the hearing and oral health of the residents of a unit for those with learning disabilities. The results indicate a number of significant findings, the most important of which is the very high prevalence of impacted wax (78% ). In addition, 9% of the subjects were found to need referral to an ENT surgeon due to lesions within the ear. During our investigations we were also able to uncover 24 (34%) previously unreported hearing losses, from mild to profound. The implications of these findings and others are discussed and recommendations made for those thinking of offering a similar service.

The ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to survive environmental stress requires specific, coordinated, responses, which induce resistance to the stress condition. This study investigated the relative contribution of sigmaE and sigmaS, the sigma factors regulating extracytoplasmic and general stress response functions, respectively, to survival at low temperature and also in media of differing osmotic strength, conditions relevant to food preservation. To determine if low-temperature storage is a signal for sigmaE- and sigmaS-mediated survival, the ability of S. Typhimurium rpoE, rpoS and rpoE/rpoS mutants to survive in a saline starvation-survival model at a refrigeration temperature (4.5 degrees C) was examined. Under these conditions, the rpoE mutant was significantly (P

The southern patas monkey Erythrocebus patas baumstarki is a subspecies thought to be endemic to central north Tanzania but its distribution and abundance is not well documented. We therefore review what is known about the historical and current distribution of the south- ern patas. It appears that, at present, the southern patas occurs in three populations, in the Serengeti, Mt Kiliman- jaro and Arusha. Since 1995 the gaps among these three populations have become larger, thereby increasing their isolation. The available data suggest that, at present, south- ern patas occur over c. 20,700 km 2 (c. 2.3% of Tanzania's land surface area). In 1995 this was c. 30,800 km 2 (c. 3.5% of the land surface area). As such, the geographical range of the southern patas has declined by c. 33% since 1995. There are unlikely to be . 900 southern patas today, and there could be , 150. Our recommendations are to (1) maintain an internet accessed database (PatasBase) into which sight- ings of the southern patas can be entered, (2) interview members of local communities to assess past and current distribution and abundance of the southern patas, (3) con- duct field studies to obtain more detailed information on the distribution, abundance, and conservation status of patas in Tanzania, (4) undertake ecological and behavioural re- search on selected groups of southern patas, and (5) prepare and implement a conservation action plan for the southern