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The concrete ‘ideogramas’ produced by the Noigandres poets of Sao Paulo in the 1950s were ‘verbivocovisual’ intermedial texts operating with highly reduced verbal material carefully structured by employing a spatial syntax. These structures often resulted from exploring the possibilities inherent in the element of chance (usually with regard to spelling) encountered in the material selected. The Brazilian poets’ theory concerning the ‘transcreation’ of poetic texts demands that the target text has an ‘isomorphic’ relation to the original. Successful transcreations of Noigandres ideograms require a careful exploration of their structure and finding verbal material that happens to permit a similar organisation. Such transcreations will also serve a critical function. The study examines more or less adequate transcreations of ‘ideogramas’ by Augusto de Campos, Haroldo de Campos, Decio Pignatari, Ronaldo Azeredo and Jose Lino Grunewald into English; translators include Mary Ellen Solt and Edwin Morgan.

Entspricht das, was man in diesem Lande unter Intermedialitätsforschung versteht oder als solche betreibt, dem Lehr- und Forschungsbereich oder dem wissenschaftlichen Diskurs, der in den USA und anderswo vorläufig noch das Etikett "Interarts Studies" führt? Ich sage "vorläufig", weil dieses Etikett, wie noch zu zeigen ist, immer mißverständlicher und fragwürdiger wird und man vielleicht am besten den genannten Beispielen folgen und eine dem deutschen Usus nachgebildete Bezeichnung einführen sollte. Das erschiene aber wohl nur dann ratsam, wenn Intermedialitätsforschung und Interarts Studies in etwa deckungsgleich wären, wie Wolf und Wagner es voraussetzen, oder bei besserer gegenseitiger Kenntnisnahme von Intermedialitätsforschung und Interarts Studies man sie dazu bringen könnte, sich in Aufgabenstellung und Methodik und vor allem in der Wahl der Forschungsgegenstände einander weitgehend anzunähern. Vor allem aber ist zu klären, wie der Begriff "Intermedialität" verstanden wird und ob er so unproblematisch ist, wie es seine inzwischen gängige Verwendung aussehen läßt. Die folgenden Ausführungen können allerdings kaum mehr tun, als einige Antworten auf diese Fragen zu skizzieren.

In this work we investigate bifurcation structures in the chaotic domain of a piecewise linear bimodal map. The map represents a model of a circuit proposed to generate chaotic signals. For practical purposes it is necessary that the map generates robust broad-band chaos. However, experiments show that this requirement is fulfilled not everywhere. We show that the chaotic domain in the parameter space of this map contains regions in which the map has multi-band chaotic attractors. These regions are confined by bifurcation curves associated with homoclinic bifurcations of unstable cycles, and form a so-called bandcount adding structure previously reported to occur in discontinuous maps. Additionally, it is shown that inside each of these regions chaotic attractors collapse to particular cycles existing on a domain of zero measure in the parameter space and organized in a period adding structure in the form known for circle maps.

In discussing word-and-image interactions, ekphrasis and adaptation are frequently cited as major instances of intermedial transposition. Ekphrasis, redefined as “the verbal representation of real or fictive configurations composed in a non-kinetic visual medium,” can occur in literary and non-literary texts and represent two- and three-dimensional images. Some ekphrastic texts can be read as fully developed intermedial translations; others may render readers’ encounters with visual images that the text does not actually transpose at all. Ekphrasis is a descriptive monomedial mode of intermedial reference. In contrast, adaptations incorporate transmedial elements of the source texts transposed into a new medium. Verbal texts are most frequently adapted to plurimedial media, but also to such mixed-media forms as the comic book. Novelizations of films or videogames exemplify adaptation to the verbal medium. More common is the adaptation to literary texts of structural devices employed in other media, as in the musicalization of fiction.

There is strong evidence that children show selectivity in their reliance on others as sources of information, but the findings to date have largely been limited to contexts that involve factual information. The current experiments were designed to determine whether children might also show selectivity in their choice of sources within a problem-solving context. Children in two age groups (20–24 months and 30–36 months, total N = 60) were presented with a series of conceptually difficult problem-solving tasks and were given an opportunity to interact with adult experimenters who were depicted as either good helpers or bad helpers. Participants in both age groups preferred to seek help from the good helpers. The findings suggest that even young children evaluate others with reference to their potential to provide help and use this information to guide their behavioral choices.

Henry H. H. Remak built his entire academic career at Indiana University, from 1936 when he arrived in Bloomington as a twenty-year-old graduate student until he taught his last course for the Honors College at age eighty-eight. He died there on 12 February 2009 in his ninety-third year.1 His was an illustrious career marked by involvement in many innovative ventures and by ample recognition for his contributions to the university.2 But during the celebration of his life in the year of his death, praise for the man and his ‘enormous impact on IU’ made no mention of his work as a comparatist and his role in the development of Comparative Literature worldwide.3 That role was mostly played out on the international stage, although the ‘Lifetime Achievement Award’ he received in 2003 from the American Comparative Literature Association, the only one bestowed thus far, honoured him just as much for the impact he made in his adopted country as for his stimulating service to the discipline on several continents. His chosen arena was primarily the International Comparative Literature Association and its programmes and projects.

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. Packetized speech transmission systems implemented with Voice over IP are gaining momentum against the traditional circuit switched systems despite the fact that packet switched VoIP is two to three times less efficient than its circuit switched counterpart. At the same time, it only supports a rather bad “toll” quality. We believe that it is time for a new architecture developed from scratch – an architecture that includes an Internet enabled speech codec and its transport system. This architecture manages the perceptual service quality while using the available transmission resources to its best. The transmission of speech is managed and controlled with respect to its speech quality, mouth-to-ear delay, bit-rate, frame-rate, and loss robustness. Beside the architecture, we describe the requirements for the Internet speech codec and its transport protocol and present an interface between the speech codec and the transport protocol.

Adults' intentionality judgments regarding an action are influenced by their moral evaluation of this action. This is clearly indicated in the so-called side-effect effect: when told about an action (e.g. implementing a business plan) with an intended primary effect (e.g. raise profits) and a foreseen side effect (e.g. harming/helping the environment), subjects tend to interpret the bringing about of the side effect more often as intentional when it is negative (harming the environment) than when it is positive (helping the environment). From a cognitive point of view, it is unclear whether the side-effect effect is driven by the moral status of the side effects specifically, or rather more generally by its normative status. And from a developmental point of view, little is known about the ontogenetic origins of the effect. The present study therefore explored the cognitive foundations and the ontogenetic origins of the side-effect effect by testing 4-to 5-year-old children with scenarios in which a side effect was in accordance with/violated a norm. Crucially, the status of the norm was varied to be conventional or moral. Children rated the bringing about of side-effects as more intentional when it broke a norm than when it accorded with a norm irrespective of the type of norm. The side-effect effect is thus an early-developing, more general and pervasive phenomenon, not restricted to morally relevant side effects. Open-Access Publikationsfonds 2015 peerReviewed

Um die Analyse von Computerspielen aus produktionsästhetischer Perspektive zu erproben, lehnt sich der vorliegende Band an die Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT) an. Mit ihr geht es ihm um die Frage nach den Aktanten des Game Design – etwa: Welche Hard- und Softwarekomponenten kommen wann und wofür zum Einsatz; wie und mittels welcher Medien notieren Level-Designer ihre Ideen, und wie werden die Aufzeichnungen später von Programmierern implementiert; und welche Rolle spielt eigentlich eine Action-Figur auf dem Schreibtisch eines Textur-Artists?

Este trabalho examina a iluminação diferente em que, 50anos depois de formulada a teoria concreta, o tema se desdobra sob aperspectiva pós-concreta.

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Recent developmental research has shown that young children coordinate complementary action roles with others. But what do they understand about the logical structure of such roles? Do they have an agent-neutral conception of complementary action roles, grasping that such roles can be variably filled by any two agents or even by one agent over time? Accordingly, can they make use of such representations for planning both their own and others’ actions? To address these questions, 3- and 4-year-olds were introduced to an activity comprising two action roles, A and B, by seeing either two agents performing A and B collaboratively or one agent performing A and B individually. Children’s flexible inferences from these demonstrations were then tested by asking them later on to plan ahead for the fulfillment of one of the roles either by themselves or by someone else. The 4-year-olds competently drew inferences in all directions, from past individual and collaborative demonstrations, when planning how they or someone else would need to fulfill the roles in the future. The 3-year-olds, in contrast, showed more restricted competence; they were capable of such inferences only when planning in the immediate present. Taken together, these results suggest that children form and use agent-neutral representations of action roles by 3 years of age and flexibly use such representations for episodic memory and future deliberation in planning their own and others’ actions by 4 years of age. The findings are discussed in the broader context of the development of understanding self–other equivalence and agent-neutral frames of references.

A new method for the reconstruction of missing frames in speech transmission is presented. In order to achieve satisfactory speech quality for a frame size of 20 ms, the speech signal is parameterized and a substitute signal is generated. Parameters used are linear prediction coefficients, fundamental frequency, and voicing in sub-bands. The method yields considerable improvements compared to silence substitution. With adaptive speech coders, however, additional problems are encountered, and the speech quality may show a higher degradation under frame erasures than with PCM.

In many online applications, the range of content that is offered to users is so wide that a need for automated recommender systems arises. Such systems can provide a personalized selection of relevant items to users. In practice, this can help people find entertaining movies, boost sales through targeted advertisements, or help social network users meet new friends. To generate accurate personalized recommendations, recommender systems rely on detailed personal data on the preferences of users. Examples are ratings, consumption histories, and personal profiles. Recommender systems are useful, however the privacy risks associated to gathering and processing personal data are often underestimated or ignored. Many users are not sufficiently aware if and how much of their data is collected, if such data is sold to third parties, or how securely it is stored and for how long. This chapter aims to provide insight into privacy in recommender systems. First, we discuss different types of existing recommender systems. Second, we give an overview of the data that is used in recommender systems. Third, we examine the associated risks to data privacy. Fourth, relevant research areas for privacy-protection techniques and their applicability to recommender systems are discussed. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on applying and combining different privacy-protection techniques in real-world settings, making clear mappings to reflect typical relations between recommender system types, information types, particular privacy risks, and privacy-protection techniques.

Esta discussão introdutória sobre a intermidialidade como um cruzamentode fronteiras entre mídias começa pela procura por diferentes maneirasde se definir mídia (de comunicação), considerando especialmente seusaspectos materiais, no contexto das humanidades, que inclui reconceber“as artes” como mídias. Três maneiras fundamentais de interação entremídias são destacadas através da referência particular a artigos incluídosno presente volume: a combinação de mídias (por exemplo, em históriasem quadrinhos ou no graffiti); referências intermidiáticas (por exemplo, aoteatro ou à pintura, em filmes); e a transposição midiática (por exemplo, naadaptação de romances para o cinema).

This essay is the first study to examine the relations, in creative practice, intheoretical orientation, and in collaboration and personal contacts, betweenBrazilian Concrete art and poetry, especially between the “Ruptura” groupand the “Noigandres” poets of São Paulo, during the period of 1952-1962.

Starting from the premise that, as a Western cultural concept/construct, ‘avantgarde’ is a twentieth-century phenomenon involving a programmatic break with the dominant norms of a given art or medium or of transmedial cultural practices, mapping the avant-gardes involves dealing primarily with three kinds of relations: (1) those of the post-Second World War avant-gardes to the earlier avant-gardes; (2) those of the peripheral European cultures to those of the centre(s); and (3) those of the avant-gardes in post-colonial cultures to those of the European and, after the Second World War, the European and U.S.-American centres. The article will pay special attention to the third type of relations, and in particular to the conditions governing the transformative reception of models by Latin American avant-gardes after the First World War and the partially changed conditions after the Second World War. In very general terms, one can claim that the earlier Latin American avant-gardes were concerned with achievi...

Increasingly, multimedia collections are associated with networked communities consisting of interconnected groups of users who create, annotate, browse, search, share, view, critique and remix collection content. Information arises within networked communities via connections among users and in the course of interactions between users and content. Community-derived information can be exploited to improve user access to multimedia. This paper provides a survey of techniques that make use of a combination of three information sources: community-contributed information (e.g., tags and ratings), network structure and techniques for multimedia content analysis. This triple synergy offers a wide range of opportunities for improving access to multimedia in networked communities. We focus our survey on three areas important for multimedia access: annotation, distribution and retrieval. The picture that emerges is promising: information derived from the social community is remarkably effective in improving access to multimedia content, and participation in networked communities has a high payoff.

The various forms of ‘New Media Poetry’ documented and theorized in 1996 in an issue of Visible Language edited by Eduardo Kac1 included such forms as digital poetry in a number of forms and genres (some of it interactive), other forms of cyberliterature, videopoetry and holographic poetry (or holopo-etry). The concept of ‘poetry’ involved in this practice and its theorization expanded the convention of considering as ‘poetry’ all forms of manipulation of and experimentation with the verbal medium and its written and aural representations which dated back to the beginning of the twentieth century and had come to be labelled as visual, concrete or sound poetry, respectively. The Brazilian poet and artist Eduardo Kac (b. 1962) first gained international recognition in the early 1980s with his computer-generated holopoetry. Over the past 20 years, he has more radically explored the possibilities of contemporary media technology for artmaking, a development documented in Telepresence & Bio Art: Networking Humans, Rabbits, & Robots (2005), a collection of Kac’s essays published between 1992 and 2002,2 with the essays grouped under the headings ‘Telecommunications, Dialogism and Internet Art’, ‘Telepresence Art and Robotics’ and ‘Bio Art’. The most notorious of his ‘bio art’ creations is the GFP Bunny (2000), the green fluorescent rabbit Alba, a product of what Kac calls ‘transgenic art’ — ‘a new art form based on the use of genetic engineering to create unique living beings’.3

This chapter reviews the literature on the development of event memory and the brain system that underlies it. It describes what is known about the explicit memory system and its development, as well as areas in which more could be understood about the development of the system. It reviews the literature on effects of stress on the development of the explicit memory system, and proposes ways in which timing and plasticity could play a role in long-term effects of stress on the brain basis of memory.