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We present here a novel, low cost and environmental-friendly synthetic strategy for fabricating flowerlike magnetic mesoporous carbon (MMC) microspheres by using silica coated Fe3O4 as core, anisotropic layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocrystals as hard template and dopamine as carbon source, respectively. The resulting MMC spheres has high surface areas (90.3 m(2) g(-1)), excellent magnetic response (16.99 emu g(-1)), and large mesopore volume (0.22 cm(3) g(-1)), as well as good chemical inertness and mechanical stability. The MMC spheres were used to adsorb 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) from simulated water samples. Experiment results suggest that the adsorption was favorable at acidic pH and increased with the rise of initial TCP concentration and temperature. Kinetic parameters were proved to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the equilibrium data was more favorable for Freundlich isotherm. The equilibrium absorption capacity was 210 mg g(-1) at initial TCP concentration of 20 mg L-1 and increased to 587 mg g(-1) when the initial TCP concentration was up to 100 mg L-1, which was much higher than those of other carbon-based adsorbents reported in literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of flowerlike MMC material by using LDH as template and its application as adsorbent to remove TCP. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

To analyze the impact of dynamic changes in inflammation on atherosclerosis in short-duration type 2 diabetes after multifactorial intervention.In this randomized controlled study, a total of 150 type 2 diabetes patients who had a mean age of 49.8±7.3years, 51% male, with disease duration1year and without evidence of atherosclerosis were randomized into an intensive intervention group (IG), in which patients received multiple risk factors intervention by the special project team and tried to reach the pre-determined intervention goals, and a conventional group (CG), in which patients received standard diabetes care by the clinic doctor. All patients recieved intervention study for 7 years, then underwent a 3-year observational follow-up study. The primary endpoints were occurrence of subclinical atherosclerosis, defined as the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CC-IMT)≥1.0mm or formation of atherosclerosis plaques, and the occurrence of cardiovascular events.68 patients in IG and 65 patients in CG completed the 10-year study. The cumulative incidence of subclinical atherosclerosis was 30.7% vs 57.3% (IG vs CG, HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.22-0.60, P0.0001) and that of cardiovascular events was 12.0% vs 22.7% (IG vs CG, HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21-0.98, P=0.0516). High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) reduction from baseline to the 10-year follow-up was -1.54mg/L (IG) and -0.67mg/L (CG) with difference (IG minus CG) of -0.87mg/L(95% CI -0.72 to -1.02, P=0.008) and the natural logarithm of serum amyloid A (SAA) reduction was -4.04 (IG) and -1.44 (CG) with difference (IG minus CG) of -2.60 (95% CI -2.30 to -2.90, P=0.002). The decrease in general score of inflammatory markers (combination of hs-CRP and SAA) was independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (OR=0.65, P=0.045) and cardiovascular events (OR=0.60, P=0.042).Dynamic changes in inflammation act as an important factor that affects the occurrence of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients. Multifactorial intensive intervention can reduce systemic low-grade inflammation and delay the occurrence of atherosclerosis in short-duration type 2 diabetes.

The effect of ion-doping on TiO2 nanotubes were investigated to obtain the optimal TiO2 nanotubes for the effective decomposition of humic acids (HA) through O3/UV/ion-doped TiO2 process. The experimental results show that changing the calcination temperature, which changed the weight fractions of the anatase phase, the average crystallite sizes, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and the energy band gap of the catalyst, affected the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. The ionic radius, valence state, and configuration of the dopant also affected the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts on HA removal increased when Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, V5+, and Zn2+ were doped into the TiO2 nanotubes, whereas such activities decreased as a result of Mn2+- and Ni2+-doping. In the presence of 1.0 at.% Fe3+- doped TiO2 nanotubes calcined at 550°C, the removal efficiency of HA was 80% with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.158 min–1. Fe3+ in TiO2 could increase the generation of •OH, which could remove HA. However, Fe3+ in water cannot function as a shallow trapping site for electrons or holes.

The present study evaluated the efficacy of switching from premixed insulin or an insulin analogue to insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The feasibility and suitability of the regimen to the patients was examined based on islet function. Patients with T2DM (n=30) treated with stable doses of premixed insulin or an insulin analogue for eight weeks were divided into two groups according to islet function. Group A had a 2 h of C peptide (2hCP)/fasting C peptide (FCP) ratio ≤3, whereas group B had a 2hCP/FCP ratio >3. Eight weeks following the switch to insulin glargine plus OADs, a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) and glycosylated‑haemoglobin (HbA1c) were observed in the two groups, with effective rates of 75, 42.9 and 39.3%, respectively. A distinct reduction in the insulin dose was particularly evident in group B. There was a marked decrease in FBG in group A, more so than that observed in group B. By contrast, the decrease in HbA1c was more evident in group B following the switch. A larger number of patients in group B had HbA1c≤7.0%, compared with group A. No difference in the incidence of hypoglycaemia and change of body weight were observed. Following the switch to insulin glargine plus OADs, patients with T2DM demonstrated improved blood glucose control and reduced insulin dosage. The results revealed that this switch in regimen is more suitable for patients with T2DM with 2hCP/FCP>3 and that administration of insulin glargine plus OADs is more efficacious for patients with T2DM with increased FBG levels.

Toluene is an extensively used reagent that could cause water pollution and endanger human health. In this work, an O 3 /UV/ion-doped TiO 2 nanotubes process was investigated to obtain the optimum TiO 2 nanotubes for effective toluene decomposition. Photocatalytic activity is found to be influenced by the doped-ion type by affecting the ionic radius, valence state, and configuration of the dopant. The calcination temperature and doping concentration, which change the weight fractions of the anatase phase ( f A ), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area ( S BET ), and the energy band gap ( E g ) of the catalyst, also affect the photocatalytic activity. When TiO 2 is doped with ions, S BET decreases and E g becomes narrower. The photocatalytic activities of TiO 2 for toluene removal increase after doping with Ag + , Al 3+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 3+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , V 5+ , and Zn 2+ . Moreover, the 1.0% Fe 3+ -doped TiO 2 nanotubes calcined at 550 °C have the highest catalytic activity, with a toluene removal efficiency of 70.7%.

In aquatic environments, organisms are exposed to mixtures of pollutants which may change the toxicity profile of each contaminant, compared to its toxicity alone. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and cadmium (Cd) are among the pollutants that co-occur in aquatic environments. To date, most research about their toxicity towards aquatic vertebrates is based on single exposure experiments. The present study aims to evaluate single and combined effects of CBZ and Cd on biomarkers in female Danio rerio (zebrafish) by exposing them to environmentally relevant concentrations of these two pollutants for ten days. Four kinds of biomarkers involved in antioxidant systems, energy metabolism, nervous system, and endocrine disruption, respectively, were studied. Our research results coincided with those of former studies in single exposure experiments. However, the combined exposure of CBZ and Cd exerted different responses from other studies in which these two contaminants were examined alone in zebrafish. The present study evidenced the need to conduct more coexposure studies to enhance the environmental relevance of these experimental results.

OBJECTIVE To explore whether intensified, multifactorial intervention could prevent macrovascular disease in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 150 type 2 diabetic patients, with disease duration of RESULTS A total of 70 patients in the intensive group and 68 patients in the conventional group completed the 7-year follow-up. Subclinical macrovascular (primary) outcomes occurred in seven cases in the intensive group and 22 cases in the conventional group for a cumulative prevalence of 10.00 and 32.35%, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant differences between the two groups were observed regarding the secondary outcome. CONCLUSIONS Primary prevention of macrovascular diseases can be achieved through intensified, multifactorial intervention in patients with short-duration type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetic patients should undergo intensive multifactorial interventions with individual targets for the prevention of macrovascular diseases.

One of the most common taste and odour compounds (TOCs) in drinking water is 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) which cannot be readily removed by conventional water treatments. Four bacterial strains for degrading 2-MIB were isolated from the surface of a biological activated carbon filter, and were characterized as Micrococcus spp., Flavobacterium spp., Brevibacterium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. based on 16S rRNA analysis. The removal efficiencies of 2-MIB with initial concentrations of 515 ng·L−1 were 98.4%, 96.3%, 95.0%, and 92.8% for Micrococcus spp., Flavobacterium spp., Brevibacterium spp. and Pseudomonas spp., respectively. These removal efficiencies were slightly higher than those with initial concentration at 4.2 mg·L−1 (86.1%, 84.4%, 86.7% and 86.0%, respectively). The kinetic model showed that biodegradation of 2-MIB at an initial dose of 4.2 mg·L−1 was a pseudo-first-order reaction, with rate constants of 0.287, 0.277, 0.281, and 0.294 d−1, respectively. These degraders decomposed 2-MIB to form 2-methylenebornane and 2-methyl-2-bornane as the products.

To compare the efficacy, safety and efficiency of sensor augmented insulin pump (SAP) versus double-C therapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2DM).A total of 81 patients with T2DM, HbA1c ≥ 9%, were divided randomly into SAP or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (double C) group for both 6 days.In both groups, mean blood glucose (MBG), mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) and 24 h area under the curve at 10 (AUC10) significantly decreased after therapy (P0.05). These parameters in SAP group were lower than those in double C group (P0.05). No significant difference existed in 24 h area under the curve at 3.9 (AUC3.9) (P0.05). Compared with double C group, time spend to-blood glucose-target was shorter and in-target range proportion higher in SAP group (P0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that 2 h C peptide (CP)/fasting C peptide (FCP), HbA1c and sensor alert on (all P0.05) were independently correlated with up-to blood glucose target.Compared with double C, SAP therapy may decrease blood glucose (BG), reduce glucose fluctuation and improve up-to target proportions without a higher risk of hypoglycemia.

Three strains of Gram-negative bacteria capable of removing geosmin from drinking water were isolated from biologically active carbon and identified to be Chryseobacterium sp., Sinorhizobium sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp. based on physio-biochemistry analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Removal efficiencies of 2 mg/L geosmin in mineral salts medium were 84.0%, 80.2% and 74.4% for Chryseobacterium sp., Sinorhizobium sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp., respectively, while removal efficiencies of 560 ng/L geosmin in filter influent were 84.8%, 82.3% and 82.5%, respectively. The biodegradation of geosmin was determined to be a pseudo first-order reaction, with rate constants at 2 mg/L and 560 ng/L being 0.097 and 0.086 day−1, 0.089 and 0.084 day−1, 0.074 and 0.098 day−1 for the above mentioned degraders, respectively. The biomass of culture in the presence of geosmin was much higher than that in the absence of geosmin.

Biological contact oxidation process of low dissolved oxygen was applied to the treatment of ABR tail water, which were pretreatment effluent for Island sewage. The reactor was built and filled with polyurethane suspension filler as carrier for biofilm growth in laboratory. The dissolved oxygen in the reactor is kept at 1.3-1.8mg/L to distinguish between traditional method which is 2.5-3.5mg/L. Influence of hydraulic retention time(HRT) on ABR tail water treatment by the process was studied. Results show that the system has good effect on removal of COD and TN under this condition. When HRT is among 4h to 12h, the removal rate of COD can be maintained at 80-90%.From period 1 to period 3, the removal rate of NH4 +N and TN at the end of each period can be recovered to a higher level, and the average removal rate after stabilization is 99% and 67% respectively which can come up to first grade of the national standard GB18918-2002. It is remarkable that when HRT is 4h, the removal rate of NH4 +-N and TN showed a significant decrease trend, the concentration of effluent was 14.79mg/L and 19.5mg/L, respectively.

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor–microbial fuel cell–biological aerated filter (UASB–MFC–BAF) system was developed for simultaneous bioelectricity generation and molasses wastewater treatment in this study. The maximum power density of 1410.2 mW/m 2 was obtained with a current density of 4947.9 mA/m 2 when the high strength molasses wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 127,500 mg/l was employed as the influent. The total COD, sulfate and color removal efficiencies of the proposed system were achieved of 53.2%, 52.7% and 41.1%, respectively. Each unit of this system had respective function and performed well when integrated together. The UASB reactor unit was mainly responsible for COD removal and sulfate reduction, while the MFC unit was used for the oxidation of generated sulfide with electricity generation. The BAF unit dominated color removal and phenol derivatives degradation. This study is a beneficial attempt to combine MFC technology with conventional anaerobic–aerobic processes for actual wastewater treatment.

BACKGROUND: Sulfide-containing wastewater (also containing organics) and vanadium(V)-containing wastewater exist widely and can be treated in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) based on their chemical conditions. A novel process has been investigated using MFC technologies by employing sulfide, organics and V(V) as electron donors and acceptor, respectively. RESULTS: Electrons produced by oxidation of sulfide and organics in the anode compartment were transferred to the anode surface, then flowed to the cathode through an external circuit, where they were consumed to reduce V(V). Sulfide and total organics removal approached 84.7 ± 2.8% and 20.7 ± 2.1%, with a V(V) reduction rate of 25.3 ± 1.1%. The maximum power output obtained was 572.4 ± 18.2 mW m−2. The effects of the microbes on electricity generation as well as the products of sulfide oxidation and V(V) reduction were also evaluated and analyzed. CONCLUSION: This process achieves both sulfide and V(V) removal with electricity generation simultaneously, providing an economical route for treating these kinds of wastewaters. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

Sulfide and vanadium (V) are pollutants commonly found in wastewaters. A novel approach has been investigated using microbial fuel cell (MFC) technologies by employing sulfide and V(V) as electron donor and acceptor, respectively. This results in oxidizing sulfide and deoxidizing V(V) simultaneously. A series of operating parameters as initial concentration, conductivity, pH, external resistance were carefully examined. The results showed that these factors greatly affected the performance of the MFCs. The average removal rates of about 82.2 and 26.1% were achieved within 72 h operation for sulfide and V(V), respectively, which were accompanied by the maximum power density of about 614.1 mW m(-2) under all tested conditions. The products generated during MFC operation could be deposited, resulting in removing sulfide and V(V) from wastewaters thoroughly.

Methyl orange (MO), a typical azo dye, is a well-known recalcitrant pollutant in dye wastewater. An aeration electrochemical system with single-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) as renewable power sources is proposed for MO decolorization. The enhanced color removal efficiency up to 90.4% within 360 min is observed with voltage across the aeration electrolytic reactor fixed at 700 mV. The results from gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis indicate the destruction of MO, with generation of low molecular weight compounds such as benzene derivatives. Comparison experiments imply the indirect electrochemical oxidation of MO by generated H2O2 is mainly responsible for MO decolorization in present study. This work offers a cost-effective electrochemical method for enhancing electrochemical degradation of dyes with bioelectricity generated from MFCs.

Background Selenoprotein S (SelS) is an important endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane-located selenoprotein implicated in inflammatory responses and insulin resistance. However, the effects of SelS on endothelial cells (ECs) have not been reported. In the present study, the role of SelS in oxidative stress and the underlying mechanism were investigated in human ECs. Methods A SelS over-expression plasmid (pc-SelS) and a SelS-siRNA plasmid were transfected into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (American Type Culture Collection, USA). The cells were divided into four groups: control, SelS over-expression (transfected with pc-SelS), vector control, and SelS knockdown (transfected with siRNA-SelS). After treating the cells with H2O2, the effects of oxidative stress and the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and protein kinase Cα (PKCα) were investigated. Results Following treatment with H2O2, over-expression of SelS significantly increased cell viability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) production and Cav-1 gene and protein expression. However, no effects on PKCα were observed. In contrast, knockdown of SelS significantly decreased cell viability, SOD activity, and PKCα gene and protein expression, and increased MDA production and Cav-1 gene and protein expression. Conclusions SelS protects ECs from oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression of Cav-1 and PKCα.

The intension and developments for metrology of Initiators a Pyrotechnics were summarized in this paper. The important significance for metrology of Initiators a Pyrotechnics was clarified impelling the progress of Initiators a Pyrotechnics technology, insuring the veracity and consistency of engineering characteristic quantity value as well as improving its safety. The development ideas for regarding study on the reference material, perfecting the calibration system of special measuring equipment, advancing measurement methods standardization and enhancing basal research were put forward for the future metrology of Initiators a Pyrotechnics.

Ozone has been widely used in drinking water treatment because of its high oxidation and disinfection capability. In order to make the ozone oxidation reliable, the structure of 3 sections of the ozone contactor was employed. By changing the operation conditions of the contactor, focused was on ozone transfer effect. The results showed the best operation condition of ozone transfer was downstream in the first section and the ozone dosing ratio of 3∶3∶1 among three sections was preferred.

2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin cannot readily be removed by conventional water treatments. Biological activated carbon (BAC) process is an attractive option for MIB and geosmin removal. For BAC filter inoculated with a consortium of MIB and geosmin biodegraders, the removal efficiency of MIB (geosmin) in a period of 4d was 100% (100%), and the figure was 75% (90%) for ceramic filter. For BAC filter, removal of MIB and geosmin increased rapidly with the extension of empty bed contact time (EBCT) at first, and resulted in no obvious change when EBCT was longer than 12min. MIB (geosmin) removal efficiency of BAC filter was 99% (99%) at the stage of 12min when filter height was 550mm, among which 32–35% (18–20%) was removed by ceramic filter. The MIB and geosmin concentrations apparently decreased in the up layers of the biofilter (0–100 mm). For MIB and geosmin with an initial concentration of 500ng/L, filter height of 400mm was enough for removing MIB and geosmin to below its odor threshold concentration.

2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin cannot readily be removed by conventional water treatments. Ozonation-biological activated carbon (O 3 -BAC) process is an attractive option for MIB and geosmin removal. For MIB and geosmin with an initial concentration of 500ng/L, the removal efficiencies of MIB (geosmin) by ozonation, biodegradation and activated carbon adsorption were 51% (73%), 19% (17%) and 30% (10%), respectively when ozone dose was 2.0mg/L, empty bed contact time 12min and filter height 550mm. Filter height of 300mm was enough for removing MIB and geosmin to below its odor threshold concentration from 500ng/L. About 48% (57%), 32% (30%) and 10% (13%) of MIB (Geosmin) were removed by ozonation, biodegradation and activated carbon adsorption, respectively.

Introduced was the development and implementation for the water pollution control technology database platform based on general management information system. The technology research and application demonstration of the system were developed, covering six fields such as lake water pollution treatment and ecological restoration, improvement of environment quality of urban water, drinking water safety, new technology of physical-chemical-biology water treatment, packaged equipment of municipal sewage and industrial wastewater treatment technology. In this paper, the structure of the database content was analyzed, and three subsystems of data entry, inquiry and distribution were expounded. The algorithms of implementing data tree structure, the program functions to build Web automatically and the solution plan for the input, modification and display of the multimedia documents were expatiated.