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This report proposes a graphical-like approach for simulating the Hamiltonian of the t-J model. The two spin states are modeled by the two emitting layer, the kinematics of the electrons and the causalities between the operators are satisfied through the event cone. Operators and the event cone are integrated together, and the results indicate that this approach can provide information during the evolution of the t-J model. In addition, parameters that can be accessed by this approach are consistent with general requirements on values of t and J in the t-J model. Furthermore, our approach also includes the solution with vanishing hopping amplitude (tij = 0) and the H∞ solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

-doped and -doped nanowires have been prepared to compare the substitution effect on the microstructural and magnetic properties. The XRD patterns of both compositions with single diffraction peak (002) show the same wurtzite hexagonal structure. The growth rate of the nanowires were enhanced by doping, which were different from the suppression of growth rate by doping. Room temperature ferromagnetism is observed for all , -doped and -doped nanowires. The saturation magnetizations are 0.102, 0.232 and 0.04 emu/g for , -doped and -doped nanowires, respectively. The results showed that the ferromagnetism is restrained by doping, but enhanced by the doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresnel-like prism arrays are designed using geometric ray optics and fabricated on a curved surface according to specific focal length requirements. In this study, the tolerance of Fresnel-like prism structures on arbitrary surfaces was investigated. Compact equations (iterative and non-iterative) based on analytical formulation can be helpful in exploring the sensitivity associated with the fabrication of Fresnel-like structures. The curved surface in this study revealed a linear relationship between maximum angular tolerance and the angle of incident rays. An understanding of such linearity is a key issue in the fabrication of lenses as well as in the sensitivity formulae used for optical structures in the development of next-generation optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY The finite element method with linear elastic assumption for predicting the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings after reshaping of the corneal structure is demonstrated in the present study. Twelve effective eye measurements in seven subjects were examined using the TOPCON LX-10, a noncontact intraocular pressure measurement technique, before and after laser-assisted in situ Keratomileusis surgery. A linear elastic model was introduced to reduce possible errors from a complicated anisotropic model with uncertain tissue parameters. Linear relationship between the simplified removal depth of laser-assisted in situ Keratomileusis and predicted IOP was expected, and the comparisons between measurements and the predicted model were made. The results indicated that the expected IOP readings are close to the measurement IOP values, while larger errors occur at smaller IOP conditions. In conclusion, the linear elastic finite element approach can already reveal parameters that influence measurement data the most, and the interaction between parameters was higher than we had expected. This helps us to build the confidence on implementing the anisotropic model.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid crystals have been recognized as practical adaptive optical components for imaging and nonimaging applications. We have studied a liquid crystal lens without power modulation, as distinct from a focus modulating lens, and have simulated the effects of transient birefringence on the energy distribution on the focal plane. Our results indicate that owing to the particular transient spreading energy patterns on the focal plane, a focusing reversal phenomenon takes place during the operation of this lens, and the characteristic of the modulation transfer function (MTF) of this device indicates that this lens can serve as a spatial frequency filter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]