Search

The Middle Permian is an important basin-forming period in the Turpan-Hami Basin. Based on mineral characteristics and elemental geochemistry of the Taodonggou Group mudstone we analyze the parent rock type, source area location, sedimentary environment and source area tectonic background for this mudstone. On this basis we are able to reconstruct the source-sink system and lake basin evolution of the Taodonggou Group. We find the following: (1) Taodonggou Group mudstone minerals are mainly clay and quartz, and can be classified into four petrographic types according to mineral fraction. (2) The Taodonggou Group mudstone was deposited in a warm, humid and hot paleoclimate, with strong weathering. The parent rocks of the Taodonggou Group mudstone are two types of felsic volcanic rocks and andesites, with weak sedimentary sorting and recycling and with well-preserved source information. (3) The Taodonggou Group mudstone were deposited in dyoxic freshwater-brackish water in intermediate-depth or deep lakes with stable inputs of terrigenous debris but at slower deposition rates. Deposition of the middle of Taodonggou Group was influenced by hydrothermal activity; the tectonic setting of the Taodonggou Group source area was a continental island arc and an oceanic island arc. (4) The evolution of the Middle Permian Lake basin in the Turpan-Hami Basin can be divided into three stages: In the early part of the deposition of Taodonggou Group the depocenter was in the Bogda area. At this time the area that became Mt Bogda was not exposed and a succession of high-quality type-III source rocks was widely deposited in the basin. In the middle of the deposition of the Taodonggou Group the depocenter gradually migrated to the Taibei Sag. At this time the Mt Bogda area underwent uplift, and, together with hydrothermal activity, a succession of type-II source rocks was widely deposited in the basin. In the late part of the Taodonggou Group, uplift of the Mt Bogda area ceased and the depocenter transferred entirely to the Taibei Sag.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of plaque-related factors on the diagnostic performance of an artificial intelligence coronary-assisted diagnosis system (AI-CADS). Patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were retrospectively included in this study. The degree of stenosis in each vessel was collected from CCTA and ICA, and the information on plaque-related factors (plaque length, plaque type, and coronary artery calcium score (CAC)) of the vessels with plaques was collected from CCTA. In total, 1224 vessels in 306 patients (166 men; 65.7 ± 10.1 years) were analyzed. Of these, 391 vessels in 249 patients showed significant stenosis using ICA as the gold standard. Using per-vessel as the unit, the area under the curves of coronary stenosis ≥ 50% for AI-CADS, doctor, and AI-CADS + doctor was 0.764, 0.837, and 0.853, respectively. The accuracies in interpreting the degree of coronary stenosis were 56.0%, 68.1%, and 71.2%, respectively. Seven hundred fifty vessels showed plaques on CCTA; plaque type did not affect the interpretation results by AI-CADS (chi-square test: p = 0.0093; multiple logistic regression: p = 0.4937). However, the interpretation results for plaque length (chi-square test: p

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors synergize apatinib for anti-tumour effect by regulating tumour microenvironment, vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia condition, immune response, etc. This study aimed to investigate the treatment efficacy and safety of camrelizumab (PD-1 inhibitor) plus apatinib as third-line or above therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.Totally, 64 unresectable mCRC patients receiving camrelizumab plus apatinib (N = 31) and apatinib (N = 33) were retrospectively enrolled.Disease control rate (80.6% vs. 57.6%) (P = 0.047) was elevated in camrelizumab plus apatinib group compared to apatinib group; however, objective response rate (22.6% vs. 6.1%) (P = 0.078) only showed an increasing trend but did not achieve statistical significance. Besides, the median (95% confidence interval [CI]) progressive-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 6.9 (3.7-10.1) and 11.5 (7.7-15.3) months in camrelizumab plus apatinib group; meanwhile, the median (95% CI) PFS and OS were 3.6 (1.7-5.5) and 6.7 (5.0-8.4) months in the apatinib group. Additionally, PFS (P = 0.017) and OS (P = 0.006) were prolonged in camrelizumab plus apatinib group compared with apatinib group, which was confirmed by further multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.340, P 0.001 for PFS; HR = 0.271, P 0.001 for OS). The incidence of total, grade 1-2, and grade 3-4 adverse events did not differ between groups (all P 0.05).Camrelizumab (PD-1 inhibitor) plus apatinib achieves a better treatment efficacy than apatinib as third-line or above therapy with a good safety profile in mCRC patients.

Soy protein isolate (SPI) has the advantages of low cost, easy processing, stable performance and so on. However, the processing temperature of SPI is high, the processed products are hard and brittle with high water absorption capacity, so it is necessary to modify the soybean protein during processing. Small molecule plasticizer is commonly used globally to plasticize and modify soybean protein. Different plasticizer content has different plasticizing effect on protein, and the properties of materials prepared will also vary greatly. The plasticizer can affect the viscosity of the blends morphology and properties by changing the viscosity of protein phase. In this work, glycerol with the excellent plasticizing effect was selected as plasticizer, and SPI was plasticized with glycerol of different contents, and then the plasticized SPI was blended with poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT) to prepare biodegradable blend materials. The influence of plasticizer content on the structure and properties of the blends was explored by observing the microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of the blends. The results showed that with the increase of glycerol content, the crystallization temperature and melting temperature of the blend system increased, the chain segment was easier to move, and the glass transition temperature(Tg) decreased. At the same time, the viscosity of the blending system decreases, which improves the processing fluidity of the system.

Background Accurately predicting whether and when mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of vital importance to help developing individualized treatment plans to defer the occurrence of irreversible dementia. Purpose To develop and validate radiomics models and multipredictor nomogram for predicting the time to progression (TTP) from MCI to AD. Study type Retrospective. Population One hundred sixty-two MCI patients (96 men and 66 women [median age, 72; age range, 56-88 years]) were included from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Field strength/sequence T1 -weighted imaging and T2 -weighted fluid-attenuation inversion recovery imaging acquired at 3.0 T. Assessment During the 5-year follow-up, 68 patients converted to AD and 94 remained stable. Patients were randomly divided into the training (n = 112) and validation datasets (n = 50). Radiomic features were extracted from the whole cerebral cortex and subcortical nucleus of MR images. A radiomics model was established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. The clinical-laboratory model and radiomics-clinical-laboratory model were developed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. The performance of each model was assessed by the concordance index (C-index). A multipredictor nomogram derived from the radiomics-clinical-laboratory model was constructed for individualized TTP estimation. Statistical tests LASSO cox regression, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Student's t test were performed. Results The C-index of the radiomics, clinical-laboratory and radiomics-clinical-laboratory models were 0.924 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.894-0.952), 0.903 (0.868-0.938), 0.950 (0.929-0.971) in the training cohort and 0.811 (0.707-0.914), 0.901 (0824-0.977), 0.907 (0.836-0.979) in the validation cohort, respectively. A multipredictor nomogram with 15 predictors was established, which had high accuracy for individual TTP prediction with the C-index of 0.950 (0.929-0.971). Data conclusion The prediction of individual TTP from MCI to AD could be accurately conducted using the radiomics-clinical-laboratory model and multipredictor nomogram. Evidence level 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: 2.

The quasi two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) have drawn unprecedented research attention due to their superior long-term environmental stability, abundant structural diversity, and favorable performance in energy-related application scenarios. Rational molecular design strategies, especially proper selections and modifications on the bulky organic spacer cations, play a vital role in obtaining RPPs with desired properties. Recently, employing fluorinated organic cations for further improving the stability and artificial tuning of the performance of RPP based devices has become a promising strategy. However, the mechanism of how fluorination affects the orientation of the spacer cations and the interactions between the organic slabs and the inorganic frameworks is still controversial and needs further investigations, especially on the structure–property relationship based on well-developed single crystals. Herein, we adopted meta-fluorophenethylamine (3-FPEA) as the spacer cation and successfully synthesized a RPP, (3-FPEA)2PbI4. Centimeter-sized single crystals of this material were grown through the bottom-seeded solution growth (BSSD) method by using hydroiodic acid as the self-solvent. (3-FPEA)2PbI4 exhibits superior thermal stability (from −175 °C to 281 °C), while a reversible phase transition occurs at 212 °C and it remains stable for at least 90 days when exposed to RH 80% at room temperature. Structural refinement and optical characterization indicate that the meta-substitution of fluorine breaks its original symmetry from monoclinic Cc to triclinic P space group accompanying a certain degree of disorder of the Pb2+ ions as well as the equatorial bridging I− ions and leads to a smaller band gap (2.20 eV), blue-shifted photoluminescence peak (516 nm), and longer decay time (τave = 1.36 ns). This work offers further insights into the structure–property relationships of the fluorinated RPPs and provides an effective strategy for designing novel RPPs with superior photoelectric properties.

Exploring non-noble metal catalysts with low-cost and excellent performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance for energy conversion technologies. Fe is the second most abundant metal on the earth and is cheaper than Co or Ni, but Fe-rich catalysts still suffer from poor catalytic activity toward the OER. Herein, a novel Fe-rich nanoribbon catalyst ((Co,V)-FeOOH) was prepared by a primary battery powered strategy. (Co,V)-FeOOH shows ultralow overpotentials of 230 and 322 mV at current densities of 10 and 500 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH, respectively. Systematic experiments and DFT calculations are performed to prove that the doped Co and V elements can synergistically optimize the electronic structure and free energy for adsorbed intermediates of FeOOH, thus leading to an enhanced OER activity of (Co,V)-FeOOH nanoribbons. This work shows that the low-cost Fe-rich OER catalyst prepared by an effective and economic method can be highly efficient and provides a possibility for the design of advanced OER electrocatalysts.

Alterations in the temporal evolution of brain states in the process of cognitive impairment aggravation due to subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) is not understood. The dynamic functional connectivity was investigated to identify the abnormal temporal properties of brain states associated with cognitive impairment caused by SIVD. Eighteen patients with subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (SIVCIND), 19 dementia patients (SIVaD) and 26 normal controls were enrolled. We found that the occupancy rate and mean lifetime of brain states were associated with cognitive performance. SIVCIND had a higher occupancy rate and longer mean lifetime in weakly connected states than normal controls. SIVaD had similar but more extensive changes in the temporal properties of brain states. In addition, switching from weakly connected states to more strongly connected states was more difficult in SIVCIND and SIVaD patients than in normal controls, especially in SIVaD patients. The results revealed that not only the transition to but also maintenance in strongly connected states became increasingly difficult when SIVD-related cognitive impairment progressed into a more severe stage.

In view of the”three high” problem of deep high gas mine mining, the rapid increase of coal seam permeability coefficient and the continuous reduction of coal and gas outburst risk gradually increase the difficulty of gas control. Taking the occurrence of long-distance outburst coal seams in zhujixi mine as the research background, this paper analyzes the gas occurrence characteristics of 11 − 2 Coal Seam and the feasibility of 11 − 2 Coal Seam as the lower protective layer by using the technical methods of theoretical analysis, calculation and numerical simulation, and studies and determines the pressure relief protection range of 11 − 2 coal seam mining to the overlying 13 − 1 coal seam; This paper puts forward the regional outburst prevention technology of underground penetrating and bedding borehole pre drainage for the protective layer and the regional outburst prevention technology of pre drainage combined with the mining surface and underground of the protected layer. Coal seam 11 − 2 has uneven gas occurrence and poor regularity. There are only high gas areas in some parts, which are greatly affected by geological structure and slate properties of coal seam top and bottom. Coal seam 11 − 2 is a stress dominated briquette and gas outburst coal seam. Zhujixi mine adopts the regional outburst prevention model of combined pumping up and down the well, that is, coal seam 11 − 2 with low outburst risk is selected as the protective layer for mining first, and coal seam 13 − 1 is protected above, At the same time, the gas in the protected layer shall be extracted. 11 − 2 Coal adopts the gas control mode of "one side with three lanes (one side with five lanes in the first mining face) and surface drilling", so as to realize multi-purpose, joint treatment and continuous mining of one lane. Comprehensive outburst prevention measures are adopted for the tunneling working face through layer drilling pre drainage and the coal mining working face along layer drilling pre drainage area. During the mining period, the surface drilling and top drainage roadway are used to extract the pressure relief gas of 13 − 1 coal, and the combined upper and lower shaft extraction area technology is adopted. In the underground excavation and mining working face, the gas concentration of return air flow, measured residual gas content and residual gas pressure are measured, The prediction indexes have not exceeded the standard, and there has been no dynamic phenomenon. In the application of outburst prevention technology in the area of up-down combined extraction in zhujixi mine, the proportion of well extraction is 56.7%, and the proportion of underground extraction is 43.3%. The maximum height of the caving zone after mining of coal face 11 − 2 is 11.6m, and the height of the fracture zone is 34.4 ~ 52.2m. The working face of protective layer 13 − 1 is arranged at the upper part of the fracture zone or the lower part of the bending subsidence zone, which can effectively increase the permeability of coal seam 13 − 1, and has no significant impact on the normal mining of coal face 13 − 1.

Water splitting by electrolysis is an appealing pathway for sustainable hydrogen production. The practical performance of water splitting is highly dependent on the efficiency of electrocatalysts, which can promote the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) or cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Downsizing the metal nanostructures to atomic level to construct single-atom catalysts (SACs) has attracted enormous attention due to its distinct advantages in maximizing the efficiency of metal atom utilization and enhancing activity over corresponding metal nanoparticles. Research on SACs towards electrochemical water splitting application is an emerging field and intensive investigations have been focused on their rational syntheses and applications in HER/OER. In this review, we focus on the wet chemical method developed to prepare non-noble metal based SACs with an emphasis on the synthetic strategies and structure-activity relationship between single metal atoms and catalytic activity. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities for application of single-atom catalysts in water splitting are briefly addressed.

This paper proposes an adaptive control scheme for hypersonic vehicle with external disturbances, parametric uncertainties, actuator failures, input saturation and state constraints. Firstly, the longitudinal model of generic hypersonic vehicle is divided into velocity subsystem and altitude subsystem. Secondly, based on the tangent barrier Lyapunov function and auxiliary system, two adaptive fault tolerant controllers are designed for velocity subsystem and altitude subsystem, respectively, which can solve the problem of input saturation. By using the controllers, the flight states containing the angle of attack, flight path angle, pitch angle and pitch angle rate can be guaranteed in prospective ranges. Finally, the Lyapunov stability theory and numerical simulations are adopted to verify the effectiveness of the presented controllers.

This paper studies the control problem of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) combining terminal sliding mode control and adaptive control. An adaptive terminal sliding mode control strategy is designed based on the fast terminal sliding manifold, which can make sure that the system states converge to a small neighborhood around zero in finite time. A rigorous proof is proved for the designed controller via Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented control scheme.

To determine the occurrence mechanism and mobility of shale oil in the Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Depression, organic geochemistry analysis, thin-section petrological observation, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy experiments were conducted on shale samples to reveal its storage mechanism, including pore size, ratio of adsorbed oil to free oil, mobility and its influencing factors, and mode of storage. Residual shale oil is mainly present in pores less than 100 nm in diameter under the atmospheric temperature and pressure. The lower limit of pore size for free oil is 5 nm, and the lower limit of pore size for movable oil occurrence is about 30 nm. The light components, low TOC and high porosity are the main factors contributing to the high proportion of movable oil. Each type of pore can contain residual shale oil, but not all pores have shale oil. Pore connectivity and surface wettability are the determinants of shale oil enrichment degree and enrichment state. Key words: shale oil, absorbed oil, free oil, occurrence mechanism, Paleogene Shahejie Formation, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

The electrochemical properties of bi-layered electrolytes GDC(Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95)/YSZ(Y0.16Zr0.84O1.92), ESB(Er0.4Bi1.6O3)/GDC and ESB/YSZ with different layer thickness fractions in the temperature range from 400 to 800 °C have been investigated by simulating calculations based on a charge transport continuity equation and the characteristic conductivity parameters of YSZ, GDC and ESB. It has been found that the model cells with ESB/GDC and ESB/YSZ bi-layered electrolytes can render a higher maximum power density that increases with the ESB layer thickness than those with GDC/YSZ bi-layered electrolytes in the studied temperature range. While the oxygen partial pressure at the interface of ESB/GDC is much lower than that of ESB/YSZ electrolyte with the same ESB thickness fraction, a higher interfacial oxygen partial pressure than the critical decomposition value of Bi2O3 can be achieved in the ESB/YSZ electrolytes even with small YSZ thickness fractions. This result strongly suggests that the ESB/YSZ, instead of ESB/GDC, would be a thermodynamic stable bi-layered electrolyte with high output power density for potential applications in the intermediate to low temperature SOFCs.

Objective To improve the N biomarker in the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration system by radiomics and study its value for predicting cognitive progression in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Materials and Methods A group of 147 healthy controls (HCs) (72 male; mean age ± standard deviation, 73.7 ± 6.3 years), 197 patients with MCI (114 male; 72.2 ± 7.1 years), and 128 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (74 male; 73.7 ± 8.4 years) were included. Optimal A, T, and N biomarkers for discriminating HC and AD were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A radiomics model containing comprehensive information of the whole cerebral cortex and deep nuclei was established to create a new N biomarker. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were evaluated to determine the optimal A or T biomarkers. All MCI patients were followed up until AD conversion or for at least 60 months. The predictive value of A, T, and the radiomics-based N biomarker for cognitive progression of MCI to AD were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test. Results The radiomics-based N biomarker showed an ROC curve area of 0.998 for discriminating between AD and HC. CSF Aβ42 and p-tau proteins were identified as the optimal A and T biomarkers, respectively. For MCI patients on the Alzheimer’s continuum, isolated A+ was an indicator of cognitive stability, while abnormalities of T and N, separately or simultaneously, indicated a high risk of progression. For MCI patients with suspected non-Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology, isolated T+ indicated cognitive stability, while the appearance of the radiomics-based N+ indicated a high risk of progression to AD. Conclusion We proposed a new radiomics-based improved N biomarker that could help identify patients with MCI who are at a higher risk for cognitive progression. In addition, we clarified the value of a single A/T/N biomarker for predicting the cognitive progression of MCI.

Background It is of great significance to investigate the optimal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and magnetic resonance image biomarkers of ATN system and clarify their predictive value in cognitive progression of mild cognitive impairment individuals (MCI). Methods 147 healthy control (HC), 197 patients with MCI, and 128 patients with Alzheimer’ Disease (AD) were included from the ADNI database. All MCI patients were followed up from 6 to 60 months. The amyloid (A) was assessed by CSF Aβ42 or Aβ42/Aβ40. The tau pathology (T) was assessed by CSF p-tau. The neurodegeneration (N) was assessed by radiomics of the whole brain MRI or by CSF t-tau. Biomarkers with larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the discrimination of AD and HC were considered to be the optimal biomarkers. The conversion rates of different ATN profiles in MCI subjects during follow-up were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and compared using the Log-rank test. Results The CSF Aβ 42 and the radiomics signature (AUC 0.822 and 0.998, respectively) were identified as the optimal A and N biomarkers, respectively. For MCI patients of the Alzheimer continuum, there was no significant difference in the progression rate of A + T − N− and A − T−N − profiles (p > 0.05). The A + T + N−, A + T − N + profiles had a significant higher progression rate than that of the A + T − N− patients (all p p p > 0.05). Discussion We proposed a new radiomics method to assess N accurately and ascertained the optimal A/T/N biomarkers for the discrimination of HC and AD. For MCI patients of the Alzheimer continuum, isolated A + was indicator of cognitive stability, while the abnormality of T and N, respectively or simultaneously, indicated the high risk of progression. For MCI patients of SNAP, isolated T + indicated the cognitive stability, while the appearance of N + indicated the high risk of progression.

In coal mining roadway support design, the working resistance of the rock bolt is the key factor affecting its maximum support load. Effective improvement of the working resistance is of great significance to roadway support. Based on the rock bolt’s tensile characteristics and the mining roadway surrounding rock deformation, a mechanical model for calculating the working resistance of the rock bolt is established and solved. Taking the mining roadway of the 17102 (3) working face at the Panji 3# Well Coal Mine of China as a research site, with a quadrilateral section roadway, the influence of pretension and anchorage length on the working resistance of high-strength and ordinary rock bolts in the middle and corner of the roadway is studied. The results show that when the bolt is in the elastic stage, increasing the pretension and anchorage length can effectively improve the working resistance. When the bolt is in the yield and strain-strengthening stages, increasing the pretension and anchorage length cannot effectively improve the working resistance. The influence of pretension and anchorage length on the ordinary and high-strength bolts is similar. The ordinary bolt’s working resistance is approximately 25 kN less than that of the high-strength bolt. When pretension and anchorage length are considered separately, the best pretensions of the high-strength bolt in the middle of the roadway side and the roadway corner are 41.55 and 104.26 kN, respectively, and the best anchorage lengths are 1.54 and 2.12 m, respectively. The best anchorage length of the ordinary bolt is the same as that of the high-strength bolt, and the best pretension for the ordinary bolt in the middle of the roadway side and at the roadway corner is 33.51 and 85.12 kN, respectively. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for supporting the design of quadrilateral mining roadways.

In order to study the energy storage and sound emission characteristics of rocks under different water content, uniaxial compression test, cyclic loading, unloading test and sound emission test were carried out using RMT-150B rock mechanics test system and DS5 acoustic emission system. The results show that the total strain energy of saturated rock samples and the area of hysteresis loop are the largest in the same period number, which indicates that the presence of water can reduce the elastic limit of rock samples, making the rock very easy to deform and even damage. Acoustic emission tests show that the damage energy of water-bearing rocks is small. The higher the water content, the smaller the peak damage energy. The bending energy index WET of the rock sample under saturated and natural state is smaller than that under dry state, which further indicates that the presence of water can reduce the elastic limit of the rock and soften it. The results can provide a basis for the prediction of underground engineering construction and rock failure instability.

The relationship between quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging features and gene-expression signatures associated with the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well studied.In this study, we generated multivariable regression models to explore the correlation between the preoperative MRI features and Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1), SET domain containing 7 (SETD7), and Rho family GTPase 1 (RND1) gene expression levels in a cohort study including 92 early-stage HCC patients. A total of 307 imaging features of tumor texture and shape were computed from T2-weighted MRI. The key MRI features were identified by performing a multi-step feature selection procedure including the correlation analysis and the application of RELIEFF algorithm. Afterward, regression models were generated using kernel-based support vector machines with 5-fold cross-validation.The features computed from higher specificity MRI better described GOLM1 and RND1 gene-expression levels, while imaging features computed from lower specificity MRI data were more descriptive for the SETD7 gene. The GOLM1 regression model generated with three features demonstrated a moderate positive correlation (The results demonstrated that MRI radiomics features could help quantify GOLM1, SETD7, and RND1 expression levels noninvasively and predict the recurrence risk for early-stage HCC patients.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of radiomics analysis of brain MR images to differentiate Parkinson’s disease motor subtypes. Methods 42 postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) patients, 92 tremor-dominant (TD) patients and 96 healthy controls were included from the Parkinson’s Progressive Marker Initiative public database. For each subject, 4850 radiomic features from 148 cortical and 14 subcortical brain regions were extracted. The variance threshold and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to select the optimal features. Classification models based on Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regrcession, and Multi-Layer Perceptron were constructed to assess the performance of optimal features in the discrimination of the two subtypes. Correlations between radiomic features and clinical scores of the two subtypes were estimated. Results The Support Vector Machine demonstrated the best performance in discriminating between the two subtypes, and the mean area under the curve was 0.833 (specificity = 83.3%, sensitivity = 75.0%, and accuracy = 80.7%). For the postural instability gait difficulty patients, these optimal features in the hippocampal showed closed correlations with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (P Conclusion The results of our study provide preliminary evidence that radiomics analysis of brain MR images could allow discrimination between patients with TD, PIGD and control subjects and has great potential value in the clinical practice.

Rock burst occurs frequently as coal mining depth goes deeper, which seriously impacts the safety production of underground coal mines. Coal seam water injection is a technique commonly used to prevent and control such accidents. Moisture content is a critical factor tightly related to rock burst; however, an in-depth insight is required to discover their relationship. In this study, the influence of moisture content on the mechanical properties of coal and rock burst tendency is explored via multiple measurement techniques: uniaxial compression test, cyclic loading/unloading test, and acoustic emission (AE) test. These tests were performed on coal samples using the MTS-816 rock mechanics servo testing machine and AE system. The testing results showed that with the increase in moisture content, the peak strength and elastic modulus of each coal sample are reduced while the peak strain increases. The duration of the elastic deformation phase in the complete stress-strain curves of coal samples is shortened. As the moisture content increases, the area of hysteretic loop and elastic energy index W ET of each coal sample are reduced, and the impact energy index K E is negatively correlated with the moisture content, whereas dynamic failure time is positively correlated with the moisture content, but this variation trend is gradually mitigated with the continuous increase of moisture content. The failure of the coal sample is accompanied by the sharp increase in the AE ring-down count, whose peak value lags behind the peak stress, and the ring-down count is still generated after the coal sample reached the peak stress. With the increase in moisture content, the failure mode of the coal sample is gradually inclined to tensile failure. The above test results manifested that the strength of the coal sample is weakened to some extent after holding moisture, the accumulative elastic energy is reduced in case of coal failure, and thus, coal and rock burst tendency can be alleviated. The study results can provide a theoretical reference for studying the fracture instability of moisture-bearing coal and prevention of coal and rock burst by the water injection technique.

This paper investigates the trajectory tracking control for the robot system under the external disturbances and input constraint. Firstly, an anti-saturation tracking controller is designed for the robot system subject to input constraint by using the terminal sliding mode control and auxiliary system. Secondly, the adaptive control is introduced to estimate the external disturbances with the unknown upper bounded. Finally, with the help of the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that closed loop system is practical finite-time stable, and the effectiveness of designed control strategy has further been verified by the digital simulation.

This thesis studies the control problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) by using the integral terminal sliding mode control and adaptive control. Firstly, a novel integral terminal sliding manifold with adaptive control gains is presented and a continuous reaching law is introduced. Secondly, on basis of the integral terminal sliding mode control, two robust control strategies are proposed for the situations of known and unknown disturbances. Finally, a rigorous proof is given for the stability designed controllers by using Lyapunov theory and simulation results are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed control strategies.

Associations of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) expression with computed tomography (CT) features, pathology and prognosis of elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its clinical significance were explored. A total of 98 elderly patients with NSCLC were selected and underwent CT examination. The expression of MTA1 in carcinoma tissues and para-carcinoma normal tissues was detected via immunohistochemistry, and its associations with CT features, pathology and prognosis were analyzed. The results manifested that the expression of MTA1 in carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma normal tissues, and it was associated with the degree of differentiation, stage and lymph node metastasis (P

Introduction The significant abnormalities of precuneus (PC), which are associated with brain dysfunction, have been identified in cirrhotic patients with covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE). The present study aimed to apply radiomics analysis to identify the significant radiomic features in PC and their subregions, combine with clinical risk factors, then build and evaluate the classification models for CHE diagnosis. Methods 106 HBV‐related cirrhotic patients (54 had current CHE and 52 had non‐CHE) underwent the three‐dimensional T1‐weighted imaging. For each participant, PC and their subregions were segmented and extracted a large number of radiomic features and then identified the features with significant discriminative power as the radiomics signature. The logistic regression analysis was employed to develop and evaluate the classification models, which are constructed using the radiomics signature and clinical risk factors. Results The classification model (R‐C model) achieved best diagnostic performance, which incorporated radiomics signature (4 radiomic features from right PC), venous blood ammonia, and the Child‐Pugh stage. And the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were 0.926, 1.000, 0.765, and 0.848, in the testing set. Application of the radiomics nomogram in the testing set still showed a good predictive accuracy. Conclusions This study presented the radiomic features of the right PC, as a potential image marker of CHE. The radiomics nomogram that incorporates the radiomics signature and clinical risk factors may facilitate the individualized prediction of CHE., Large amount radiomic features of PC and its subregions was significantly different among CHE and nCHE patients. Radiomic features from right PC were effective in distinguishing CHE from nCHE patients. Integrating the radiomics data and clinical risk factors has the ability to improve diagnostic performance of the classifier.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate its relationship with clinical features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study sample consisted of 80 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 from January to February 2020. The chest CT images and clinical data were reviewed, and the relationship between them was analyzed. RESULTS: Totally, 80 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. With regards to the clinical manifestations, 58 (73%) of the 80 patients had cough, and 61 (76%) of the 80 patients had high temperature levels. The most frequent CT abnormalities observed were ground glass opacity (73/80 cases, 91%), consolidation (50/80 cases, 63%), and interlobular septal thickening (47/80, 59%). Most of the lesions were multiple, with an average of 12 � 6 lung segments involved. The most common involved lung segments were the dorsal segment of the right lower lobe (69/80, 86%), the posterior basal segment of the right lower lobe (68/80, 85%), the lateral basal segment of the right lower lobe (64/80, 80%), the dorsal segment of the left lower lobe (61/80, 76%), and the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe (65/80, 81%). The average pulmonary inflammation index value was (34% � 20%) for all the patients. Correlation analysis showed that the pulmonary inflammation index value was significantly correlated with the values of lymphocyte count, monocyte count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, days from illness onset, and body temperature (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The common chest CT findings of COVID-19 are multiple ground glass opacity, consolidation, and interlobular septal thickening in both lungs, which are mostly distributed under the pleura. There are significant correlations between the degree of pulmonary inflammation and the main clinical symptoms and laboratory results. Computed tomography plays an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of this emerging global health emergency.

BACKGROUND The noninvasive assessment of hepatic inflammatory activity (HIA) is crucial for making clinical decisions and monitoring therapeutic efficacy in chronic liver disease (CLD). PURPOSE To develop MRI-based radiomics models by extracting features from the whole liver and localized regions of the right liver lobe, compare the efficiency of two radiomics models, and further develop a radiomics nomogram for the assessment of HIA in CLD. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION In all, 137 consecutive patients. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T/T2 -weighted imaging. ASSESSMENT All patients (nonsignificant HIA, n = 98; significant HIA, n = 39) were randomly divided into a training (n = 95) and a test cohort (n = 42). Radiomics features were extracted from the regions covering the whole liver (ROI-w) and localized regions of the right liver lobe (ROI-r). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to select features and develop radiomics models. A combined model fusing the valuable radiomics features with clinical-radiological predictors was developed. Finally, a radiomics nomogram derived from the combined model was developed. STATISTICAL TESTS Synthetic minority oversampling technique algorithm, LASSO, receiver operator characteristic curve, and calibration curve analysis were performed. RESULTS The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the ROI-w radiomics model in assessing HIA were 0.858, 0.800, and 0.733, respectively. The ROI-r model were 0.844, 0.733, and 0.867, respectively. No differences were detected between the two radiomics models (P = 0.8329). The combined model fusing valuable ROI-w radiomics features, albumin, and periportal edema exhibited a promising performance (AUC, 0.911). The calibration curves showed good agreement between the actual observations and nomogram predictions. DATA CONCLUSION The MRI-based radiomics models had a powerful ability to evaluate HIA and the ROI-w radiomics model was comparable to the ROI-r model. Moreover, the radiomics nomogram could be a favorable method to individually estimate HIA in CLD. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1668-1678.

To systematically analyze CT findings during the early and progressive stages of natural course of coronavirus disease 2019 and also to explore possible changes in pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities during these two stages. We retrospectively reviewed the initial chest CT data of 62 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients (34 men, 28 women; age range 20–91 years old) who did not receive any antiviral treatment between January 21 and February 4, 2020, in Chongqing, China. Patients were assigned to the early-stage group (onset of symptoms within 4 days) or progressive-stage group (onset of symptoms within 4–7 days) for analysis. CT characteristics and the distribution, size, and CT score of pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities were assessed. In our study, the major characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 was ground-glass opacity (61.3%), followed by ground-glass opacity with consolidation (35.5%), rounded opacities (25.8%), a crazy-paving pattern (25.8%), and an air bronchogram (22.6%). No patient presented cavitation, a reticular pattern, or bronchial wall thickening. The CT scores of the progressive-stage group were significantly greater than those of the early-stage group (p = 0.004). Multiple ground-glass opacities with consolidations in the periphery of the lungs were the primary CT characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019. CT score can be used to evaluate the severity of the disease. If these typical alterations are found, then the differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 must be considered. • Multiple GGOs with consolidations in the periphery of the lungs were the primary CT characteristic of COVID-19. • The halo sign may be a special CT feature in the early-stage COVID-19 patients. • Significantly increased CT score may indicate the aggravation of COVID-19 in the progressive stage.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and computed tomography (CT) features associated with severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-three patients with COVID-19 pneumonia including 25 severe/critical cases and 58 ordinary cases were enrolled. The chest CT images and clinical data of them were reviewed and compared. The risk factors associated with disease severity were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the ordinary patients, the severe/critical patients had older ages, higher incidence of comorbidities, cough, expectoration, chest pain, and dyspnea. The incidences of consolidation, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, and bronchial wall thickening in severe/critical patients were significantly higher than those of the ordinary patients. Besides, severe/critical patients showed higher incidences of lymph node enlargement, pericardial effusion, and pleural effusion than the ordinary patients. The CT scores of severe/critical patients were significantly higher than those of the ordinary patients (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the sensitivity and specificity of CT score were 80.0% and 82.8%, respectively, for the discrimination of the 2 types. The clinical factors of age older than 50 years, comorbidities, dyspnea, chest pain, cough, expectoration, decreased lymphocytes, and increased inflammation indicators were risk factors for severe/critical COVID-19 pneumonia. Computed tomography findings of consolidation, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, bronchial wall thickening, high CT scores, and extrapulmonary lesions were features of severe/critical COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, and CT manifestations between the ordinary patients and the severe/critical patients. Many factors are related to the severity of the disease, which can help clinicians to judge the severity of the patient and evaluate the prognosis.

The alteration of the functional topological organization in subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (SIVCIND) patients has been illuminated by previous neuroimaging studies. However, in regard to the changes in the structural connectivity of brain networks, little has been reported. In this study, a total of 27 subjects, consisting of 13 SIVCIND patients, and 14 normal controls, were recruited. Each of the structural connectivity networks was constructed by diffusion tensor tractography. Subsequently, graph theory, and network-based statistics (NBS) were employed to analyze the whole-brain mean factional anisotropy matrix. After removing the factor of age, gender, and duration of formal education, the clustering coefficients (C p ) and global efficiency (E glob ) were significantly decreased and the mean path length (L p ) was significantly increased in SIVCIND patients compared with normal controls. Using the combination of four network topological parameters as the classification feature, a classification accuracy of 78% was obtained by leave-one-out cross-validation for all subjects with a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 86%. Moreover, we also found decreased structural connections in the SIVCIND patients, which mainly concerned fronto-occipital, fronto-subcortical, and tempo-occipital connections (NBS corrected, p < 0.01). Additionally, significantly altered nodal centralities were found in several brain regions of the SIVCIND patients, mainly located in the prefrontal, subcortical, and temporal cortices. These results suggest that cognitive impairment in SIVCIND patients is associated with disrupted topological organization and provide structural evidence for developing reliable biomarkers related to cognitive decline in SIVCIND.

The moisture content is a critical factor tightly related to rock deformation and its failure process since it leads to a significant change in the physicomechanical properties of rock during the underground engineering construction. As a result, engineering construction accidents take place frequently. To figure out the influence of the moisture content on the physicomechanical properties of water-bearing rock and then effectively avoid engineering accidents, multiple tests including the uniaxial compression test, Brazilian splitting test, and the acoustic emission (AE) test were carried out in this study. The experimental results showed that the water absorption rate of the sandstone gradually stabilizes after 5 h, and its uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus all decline with the increase of the moisture content. Compared to the dry state of the sample, the reduction amplitudes of the elastic modulus, compressive strength, and tensile strength of water-saturated rock samples can reach up to 27.3%, 35.2%, and 38.1%, respectively. It indicates that the tensile strength is more sensitive to the softening effect of the moisture. Through the AE test, it can be found that the internal state of water-saturated rock samples is greatly changed; the compressive strength of rock samples drops, so the rock can be damaged after absorbing less energy. Thus, moisture shows a certain softening effect on rock. The research results are expected to provide a basis for underground engineering construction and rock fracture and failure.

This paper studies the tracking problem of hypersonic vehicles subjected to external disturbances, modeling uncertainty, and input saturation. The adaptive anti-saturation control scheme is designed based on the first-order command filter, dynamic surface control and auxiliary system. The proposed control strategy not only uses adaptive algorithms to estimate the external disturbance, but also introduces an auxiliary system to solve the problem of input saturation. The stability of the closed-loop system with respect to the proposed control scheme is proved by using Lyapunov theory, and the results of numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

This study was performed to investigate iron deposition in the brain of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and the associated cognitive impairments. Sixty patients diagnosed with T2DM were subjected to neuropsychological tests to determine their cognitive status, and the results were used to subdivide the patients into a T2DM without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group (n = 30) and a T2DM with MCI group (n = 30). All patients underwent high-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging, and data processing was performed using SMART (Susceptibility Mapping and Phase Artifacts Removal Toolbox) software. The susceptibility values of the bilateral parietal cortex, frontal white matter, caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PU), globus pallidus, thalamus, red nucleus, substantia nigra (SN), hippocampus (HP) and dentate nucleus were analyzed and correlated with the neuropsychological cognitive scores. Compared with the normal controls (n = 30), the T2DM without MCI group exhibited significantly increased susceptibility values in the left HP, whereas the T2DM with MCI group showed significantly increased susceptibility values in the bilateral CN, HP, left PU and right SN. Compared with the T2DM without MCI group, the T2DM with MCI group exhibited significantly increased susceptibility values in the right CN, SN and left PU. The susceptibility values for the right CN, SN and left PU were closely correlated with neuropsychological cognitive scores. Our results provide a new relation between T2DM and brain iron deposition and suggested that QSM may be a helpful tool in the detection and evaluation of their cognitive impairment in T2DM.