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Understanding the neurobiological systems involved in psychopathology has been hindered by the limitations of categorical nosologies, spurring the development of alternative dimensional systems for characterizing psychopathology. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is one such system, derived from quantitative studies of covariation among diagnoses and symptoms. HiTOP provides more promising targets for clinical neuroscience than traditional diagnostic categories and can facilitate cumulative integration of existing research. Following review of the components and principles of HiTOP, we provide a review of 163 large human neuroimaging studies (N ≥ 194) that have investigated dimensions of psychopathology classified within HiTOP. Replicated results were identified for constructs at five different levels of the hierarchy, including the p-factor, the externalizing superspectrum, the thought disorder spectrum, the internalizing spectrum, the distress subfactor, and the depression symptom dimension. Our review highlights the potential of dimensional clinical neuroscience research and the usefulness of HiTOP, while also suggesting limitations of existing work in this relatively young field. We discuss how HiTOP can be integrated synergistically with neuroscience-oriented, transdiagnostic frameworks developed by the National Institutes of Health, including the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA), and NIDA Phenotyping Assessment Battery (NIDA PhAB), and how researchers can use HiTOP to accelerate clinical neuroscience research in humans and other species.

Indeterminacy is a term that has been asked to do a lot of work for literary and cultural criticism. For strictly formalist critics, it might be the quality of a text or artwork that both preserves useful ambiguity and invites participation from respondents. For criticism that challenges the status quos of social and political life, it is often the interpretive condition that can unsettle existing patterns of recognition and judgment. What this essay finds in the work of Lisa Robertson is a more situated notion of indeterminacy, one that relates indeterminacies of speech, form, and affect to the destabilizing effects that postindustrial capitalism can have and has had on cities and their inhabitants. Following a brief overview of indeterminacy as a critical concept, from New Criticism to poststructuralist theory, the essay closely reads Robertson's Occasional Work and Seven Walks from the Office for Soft Architecture (2003) as a multi-genre study in Vancouver becoming “money” and the effects of this process on work characterized as temporary or feminine. Indeterminacy becomes a double bind for the speakers of her “Office,” in that freedoms of expression, feeling, or movement fold into occasions for speculation and displacement. Finally, the essay relates Robertson's indeterminacies to recent debates about the character of avant-garde writing, arguing for a more socially and historically contingent notion of aesthetic experimentation.

The starting point of this article is the occurrence of determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers like (en) que, ‘(in) that’, instead of (en) el que, ‘(in) which’, in Yucatecan Spanish (southeast Mexico). While reference grammars treat complementizers with a determiner as the standard option, previous diachronic research has shown that determiner-less complementizers actually predate relative complementizers with a determiner. Additionally, Yucatecan Spanish has been in long-standing contact with Yucatec Maya. Relative complementation in Yucatec Maya differs from that in Spanish (at least) in that the non-complex complementizer tu’ux (‘where’) is generally the only option for locative complementation. The paper explores monolingual and bilingual data from Yucatecan Spanish to discuss the question whether the determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers in our data constitute a historic remnant or a dialectal recast, possibly (but not necessarily) due to language contact. Although our pilot study may not answer these far-reaching questions, it does reveal two separate, but intertwined developments: (i) a generally increased rate of bare que relative complementation, across both monolingual speakers of Spanish and Spanish Maya bilinguals, compared to other Spanish varieties, and (ii) a preference for donde at the cost of other locative complementizer constructions in the bilingual group. Our analysis thus reveals intriguing differences between the complementizer preferences of monolingual and bilingual speakers, suggesting that different variational patterns caused by different (socio-)linguistic factors can co-develop in parallel in one and the [same] region., Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe; 181

The starting point of this article is the occurrence of determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers like (en) que, ‘(in) that’, instead of (en) el que, ‘(in) which’, in Yucatecan Spanish (southeast Mexico). While reference grammars treat complementizers with a determiner as the standard option, previous diachronic research has shown that determiner-less complementizers actually predate relative complementizers with a determiner. Additionally, Yucatecan Spanish has been in long-standing contact with Yucatec Maya. Relative complementation in Yucatec Maya differs from that in Spanish (at least) in that the non-complex complementizer tu’ux (‘where’) is generally the only option for locative complementation. The paper explores monolingual and bilingual data from Yucatecan Spanish to discuss the question whether the determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers in our data constitute a historic remnant or a dialectal recast, possibly (but not necessarily) due to language contact. Although our pilot study may not answer these far-reaching questions, it does reveal two separate, but intertwined developments: (i) a generally increased rate of bare que relative complementation, across both monolingual speakers of Spanish and Spanish Maya bilinguals, compared to other Spanish varieties, and (ii) a preference for donde at the cost of other locative complementizer constructions in the bilingual group. Our analysis thus reveals intriguing differences between the complementizer preferences of monolingual and bilingual speakers, suggesting that different variational patterns caused by different (socio-)linguistic factors can co-develop in parallel in one and the [same] region.

Historically, researchers have proposed higher-order factors to explicate the structure of psychopathology, including Externalizing, Internalizing, Fear, Distress, Thought Disorder, and a general factor. Despite extensive research in this domain, the underlying structure of psychopathology remains unresolved. Herein, we examine several issues in adjudicating among structural models of psychopathology. Using simulations and analyses of the extant literature, we contrast the model-based reliability of alternative structural models of psychopathology and highlight shortcomings of conventional model fit indices for such adjudication. We propose alternative criteria for evaluating and contrasting competing structural models, including various model characteristics (e.g., the magnitude and consistency of factor loadings and their precision), the consistency and sensitivity of factors to their constituent indicators, and the variance explained in and patterns of associations with relevant variables. Using these criteria as adjuncts to conventional fit indices should become standard practice and will greatly facilitate adjudication among alternative structural models of psychopathology.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGVon Adipositas wird nach medizinischen Kriterien bei einem Body-Mass-Index über 30 kg/m2 gesprochen. Adipositas ist mit einer erhöhten Rate an somatischen und psychischen Krankheiten assoziiert. Gesellschaftliche Normen in westlich geprägten Ländern sind durch eine Ablehnung von "fett sein" und eine Tendenz zur Diskriminierung von Adipösen geprägt, was auch einer Selbstdiskriminierung und subjektivem Leiden der Betroffenen Vorschub leistet. Technischer Fortschritt und die heutige Arbeitsgestaltung erlauben jedoch adipösen Menschen, unbeeinträchtigt am Leben in der Gesellschaft und dem Arbeitsleben teilzunehmen.Therapiemaßnahmen dürfen nicht nur auf Diäten und eine Gewichtsreduktion abzielen, sondern müssen vorrangig auch das Selbstwertgefühl und die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen zum Gegenstand haben. Interessante Therapieansätze lassen sich aus der positiven Psychologie, der Well-being-Therapie und der Genusstherapie ableiten.

MnBi is remarkable for having a magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) which increases with temperature. This unusual behavior has been attributed to the thermal expansion of the lattice and, more recently, to an anisotropic vibrational free energy. However, the effect of magnetic fluctuations on the MCA has not yet been quantified. Here, first-principles density-functional theory calculations based on the disordered local moment picture (DFT-DLM) are used to calculate the MCA of MnBi in the presence of magnetic disorder. The MCA is obtained from the magnetic torque, calculated as a function of magnetization angle and temperature T. At fixed ionic positions, the MCA decays monotonically with increasing T. The DFT-DLM torques provide access to the individual anisotropy constants κl (which parametrize the relation between magnetic energy and magnetization angle), and their dependence on order parameter m. The lowest order constant κ2 follows single-ion like behavior at low T but decays as m4 as T increases, while the higher order constants deviate strongly from single-ion predictions. Zero-T calculations show that a spin reorientation transition can be triggered by removing 0.1 electrons, resulting in c-axis magnetization once 0.25 electrons have been removed. The zero-temperature calculations are cross-validated using an alternative implementation of DFT based on wavefunctions, plane waves and pseudopotentials.

Choosing a mate is one of the most consequential decisions a female will make during her lifetime. A female fly signals her willingness to mate by opening her vaginal plates, allowing a courting male to copulate1,2. Vaginal plate opening (VPO) occurs in response to the male courtship song and is dependent on the mating status of the female. How these exteroceptive (song) and interoceptive (mating status) inputs are integrated to regulate VPO remains unknown. Here we characterize the neural circuitry that implements mating decisions in the brain of female Drosophila melanogaster. We show that VPO is controlled by a pair of female-specific descending neurons (vpoDNs). The vpoDNs receive excitatory input from auditory neurons (vpoENs), which are tuned to specific features of the D. melanogaster song, and from pC1 neurons, which encode the mating status of the female3,4. The song responses of vpoDNs, but not vpoENs, are attenuated upon mating, accounting for the reduced receptivity of mated females. This modulation is mediated by pC1 neurons. The vpoDNs thus directly integrate the external and internal signals that control the mating decisions of Drosophila females. In Drosophila melanogaster, female mating decisions are governed by female-specific descending neurons that integrate input from auditory neurons that respond to features of the song of a conspecific male and central neurons that encode the mating status of the female.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) commonly causes severe respiratory tract infections in infants, peaking between 2 and 6 months of age; an age at which direct vaccination is unlikely to be effective. Maternal immunization can deliver high levels of antibodies to newborns, providing immediate protection. Following natural infection, antibodies targeting the prefusion conformation of RSV F protein (PreF) have the greatest neutralizing capacity and thus, may provide infants with a high degree of RSV protection when acquired through maternal vaccination. However, the influence of anti-PreF maternal antibodies on infant immunity following RSV exposure has not been elucidated. To address this knowledge gap, offspring born to dams immunized with a RSV PreF vaccine formulation were challenged with RSV and their immune responses were analyzed over time. These studies demonstrated safety and efficacy for RSV-challenged, maternally-immunized offspring but high and waning maternal antibody levels were associated with differential innate and T cell immunity.

Real-Time Hybrid Simulation (RTHS) is an experimental framework that allows the testing of components or substructures under realistic, dynamic boundary conditions, by imposing the reactions calculated from a model of the rest of the assembly through one or more actuators. In the context of rapid prototyping of mechanical components, RTHS could be used to explore the design space of a device while at the same time physically validating its interaction with other components of the final assembly from the early stages of the design-to-production cycle. In this work, RTHS was applied for the first time to the investigation of aerodynamic gust loading alleviation devices in a highly flexible strut-braced wing. The model wing was taken as the physical substructure and tested in a low-speed wind tunnel equipped with gust generators. The load alleviation device was simulated through a real-time feedforward-feedback controller, and its response imposed via an electro-mechanical linear actuator, in contrast with the hydraulic actuators more commonly used in standard RTHS. The controller-actuator subsystem was studied in detail to assess and minimise errors at the physical interface with the wing. The behaviour of the electromechanical subsystem showed a strong dependence on the characteristics of the numerical substructure and the frequency of excitation, and resulted in a significant discrepancy between the simulated and real displacements at the interface between the actuator and the wing. A narrow-band feedforward displacement control scheme based on a model of this subsystem alone was therefore developed and shown to significantly reduce synchronisation errors at the interface.

In this article, I will elucidate the Indian government’s two primary discourses concerning yoga since 2014 as right-wing Hindu Nationalist Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Hindu Nationalist political party, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), have interacted with both international and domestic audiences. These discourses can be broadly grouped into two categories, or what I refer to as Modi and the BJP’s “double discourse”: (1) Yoga as a global soft power solution to counter the Global North’s climate change privilege on the international stage and (2) Yoga as biopower for the advancement of India’s depressed economy on the domestic front. Relying on yoga’s polyvalent character, Modi and the BJP are able to frame yoga in these two particular ways—which together signal their commitment to neoliberal economic ideology—by drawing from historical and contemporaneous precedents which I also outline in the article. I conclude with a brief visit to the preparations for the BJP’s 2019 International Day of Yoga, where this double discourse becomes most evident in the two divergent themes announced for the event.