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The present report describes two main upgrades that have been made to the JRC-EU-TIMES model during the year 2017: • An improvement of the description of residential and non-residential buildings • An update of data and a new representation for heating &cooling and heat distribution technologies The model updates have been validated through tests with the JRC-EU-TIMES model and with stylised models allowing isolating the observed effect of the changed model input. The updates performed greatly improve the ability of the JRC-EU-TIMES model to perform studies options for the decarbonisation of the heating and cooling sector., JRC.C.7-Knowledge for the Energy Union

The objective of this report is to assess the potential contribution of Power-to-Heat/Cool applications (PtH/C) to the flexibility in the European electricity system until 2030. The heating and cooling sector accounts for the majority of final energy consumption in the European Union and therefore will play a central role in achieving policy goals concerning climate change mitigations. Electrification of the heating and cooling sector may be an appropriate pathway for decarbonisation of this sector, while at the same time proving additional flexibility to the electricity system. This report first gives a general overview over the energy sector and in particular over the heating and cooling sector in Europe. Different PtH/C applications with their techno-economic characteristic are described and compared with other flexibility options. The following potential analysis is based on two approaches. The first approach for determining the PtH/C potential is based on a literature review for Europe and some selected EU member states. The second approach is an own quantitative estimation for the selected member states. Afterwards, the regulatory framework in place, that can support or hinder PtH/C, is described. The report ends with conclusions and policy recommendations. The analysis is based on historical and forecasted data for final energy consumption in the heating and cooling sector shows that the highest theoretical potential for PtH lies in replacing conventional energy carriers for space and process heating. The theoretical potential for PtC is much smaller compared to PtH, due to the smaller share of cooling in final energy consumption. There are different technologies for converting electricity to heat or cool. In general, the PtH/C applications can be differentiated into large and small scale applications. By adding a thermal energy storage (TES) to the PtH/C system, additional flexibility can be provided to the system. Comparing PtH/C to other flexibility options like demand side management, electricity storages, power to Gas (PtG) and flexibility options on the supply side, it can be stated that PtH/C technologies have a high level of maturity. The technology can be easily implemented and is generally cost competitive compared to other flexibility options. The literature review on the European potential for PtH/C reveals a wide range of the potentials. In general, it seems that the potential for electricity load reduction is far smaller than for a load increase. The potential for PtH/C varies significantly across European member states. Therefore, the literature review is extended for some selected European countries. The quantitative approach is based on hourly load profiles for electricity and heat. On the one hand, the PtH potential through thermal energy storages in district heating networks is assed. On the other hand, the potential that might arise due to the use of excess electricity, that otherwise would have been curtailed, is calculated. The total calculated potentials in district heating for Denmark, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, France and Italy are varying due to the inhomogeneous nature of the European energy system and different weather conditions. In the European Union, there is no direct or specific legislative regulation addressing the heating and cooling sector, however, it is addressed in several Directives. Thermal energy storages used for heating and cooling (H/C) should be recognised as sources of both, flexibility and efficiency in the system. Electric boilers and heat pumps could also be recognised as new modes of flexibility in the system at times of excess electricity generation. Exemptions from fees and taxes or adapted grid usage fees can be considered as a way to promote the market penetration of PtH/C.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) organizes, in its symbolic signification of chronic disease, problematic experienced for the quality of life of women, who live motherhood, and their system of coexistence. These aspects are very important in relation to the hospitals care services which takes charge of them. In the light of these considerations we propose a research intervention, implemented in a Multiple Sclerosis hospital care service. The study pursues the dual objective of exploring the emotional symbolizations of motherhood for women who live with MS and offering a clinical psychological intervention through a group setting within the hospital context. We think the psychological function would be useful to address the issues came to light in the study. Through an intervention aimed at integrating the experiences related to the chronic disease and disability with those linked to the future, as generativity; and at developing common goals in the relationship between women and hospital care system.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease resulting in inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Pediatric onset MS is an increasingly recognized disorder, identified in 3% to 5% of adults with MS [1-4].Despite the acknowledged need to consider QoL issues, its assessment remains under-utilized in MS clinical practice [13]. Pediatric MS patients report lower HRQoL score than healthy controls [14]. Little is known about the association between cognitive impairment and QoL in pediatric and juvenile multiple sclerosis patients and how clinical and demographic data could impact on them. We designed a cross sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between total and domain-specific cognitive function and HRQoL in pediatric and young multiple sclerosis patients using well-standardized testsThis is a cross-sectional study carried out on MS patients referred to Federico II University specific pediatric and young adults MS centre. Inclusion criteria were disease onset before 25 years of RRMS or CIS, diagnosed according to 2010 McDonalds criteria [15] at least 12 months before (to avoid the influence of recent communication of diagnosis on psychological status).We designed a cross sectional study, including pediatric and early onset MS patients, to explore cognitive functions and HRQoL and their relationship. We choose to include also young adults patients, still living with their families and not independent yet, because we wanted to analyze the effects of MS in patients in their evolutive phase of life, before reaching complete autonomy and realizing their objectives. We choose patients with a diagnosis at least one year old, in order to avoid the direct psychological effects of diagnosis communications, that could strongly affect out results Total HRQoL was higher in pediatric onset than early adulthood onset MS patients while it was inversely related to EDSS score and, more interestingly, to MSSS. Total QoL score was not different between MS patients with or without CI and did not correlate with any domain-specific cognitive function and the linear regression model confirmed that total QoL score was only related to MSSS and age of onset . The main result of the present study is the relevance of pediatric age of onset as a good prognostic factor for QoL and MSSS as a the main negative factor influencing HRQoL. Actually, onset of a chronic disease during the early phases of life is dramatic, but our data suggest that coping with a disease with its onset in childhood or adolescence have a lower impact on quality of life, as self reported, respect to adult onset.

È stato a più riprese sottolineato, all’interno della letteratura scientifica, come il transessualismo, lungi dal potersi leggere come specifico ‘ente di natura’, sia giunto a definirsi attraverso l’azione di specifici dispositivi retorico-linguistici diversamente approntati nelle diverse epoche storiche: in tal senso, accanto alla medicina, la giurisprudenza ha sicuramente svolto e svolge tuttora, un importante ruolo nell’azione di ritaglio concettuale e di organizzazione delle pratiche connesse a tale variegata e complessa area dell’esperienza umana. All’interno del presente contributo vengono analizzati il ruolo e le funzioni svolte dallo psicologo clinico all’interno dello specifico dispositivo medico-giuridico allestito in Italia in forza della Legge 164 del 1982. Oltre ad un’analisi comparativa di tale strumento giuridico con altri più recentemente approvati in alcuni paesi della Comunità Europea ed ad una valutazione degli strumenti e delle prassi connesse alla funzione peritale all’interno di tale campo, vengono, così, discussi i limiti e le possibilità connesse alla mera funzione diagnostica a cui l’attuale dispositivo giuridico sembra relegare lo psicologo, provando a riarticolarne viceversa il senso e gli obiettivi del proprio intervento nella direzione di un approfondimento, per il soggetto transessuale, della conoscenza di sé, delle dinamiche consce ed inconsce sottese alla propria originaria domanda di riattribuzione chirurgica del sesso.

Il volume descrive alcuni aspetti innovativi del metodo osservativo applicato al counselling psicodinamico di gruppo. Il modello descritto, ispirato alla tradizione Tavistock, prevede la presenza di un osservatore silenzioso nel lavoro di gruppo e si avvale, nel descrivere e analizzare le dinamiche di gruppo attivate nella consultazione breve, del contributo di W. Bion, di H. Foulkes e di E. Bick. Secondo gli autori, la presenza dell'osservatore silenzioso in un gruppo contribuisce all'instaurazione di relazioni paritarie tra i membri dell'unità gruppale, utili a promuovere un clima di cooperazione nel processo di trasformazione e cambiamento. La presenza di tale figura sembra, altresì, facilitare e sostenere il lavoro del conduttore, che potrà, nell'incontro con il gruppo, meglio tollerare i conflittuali vissuti emozionali attivati dalla breve durata dell'esperienza e connessi ai complessi movimenti transferali, controtransferali e di identificazione proiettiva. L'osservatore silenzioso, quasi fosse un enzima catalizzatante, sembra infatti accellerare "l'evento barometrico" e, attenuando la funzione direttiva del conduttore, sollecitare il definirsi di una rete intima di comunicazione e di processi transpersonali. Questa speciale condizione consente al gruppo di transitare da arcaiche posizioni di dipendenza e aggressività a posizioni più evolute, caratterizzate dal lavorare insieme al conduttore e non contro di esso, fino a promuovere nel singolo la disponibilità ad apprendere, sentire, pensare e percepirsi liberamente nella propria persona fino a diventare se stesso.

Due to growing concerns regarding the anthropogenic interference with the climate system, countries across the world are being challenged to develop effective strategies to mitigate climate change by reducing or preventing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The European Union (EU) is committed to contribute to this challenge by setting a number of climate and energy targets for the years 2020, 2030 and 2050 and then agreeing effort sharing amongst Member States. This thesis focus on one Member State, Ireland, which faces specific challenges and is not on track to meet the targets agreed to date. Before this work commenced, there were no projections of energy demand or supply for Ireland beyond 2020. This thesis uses techno-economic energy modelling instruments to address this knowledge gap. It builds and compares robust, comprehensive policy scenarios, providing a means of assessing the implications of different future energy and emissions pathways for the Irish economy, Ireland’s energy mix and the environment. A central focus of this thesis is to explore the dynamics of the energy system moving towards a low carbon economy. This thesis develops an energy systems model (the Irish TIMES model) to assess the implications of a range of energy and climate policy targets and target years. The thesis also compares the results generated from the least cost scenarios with official projections and target pathways and provides useful metrics and indications to identify key drivers and to support both policy makers and stakeholder in identifying cost optimal strategies. The thesis also extends the functionality of energy system modelling by developing and applying new methodologies to provide additional insights with a focus on particular issues that emerge from the scenario analysis carried out. Firstly, the thesis develops a methodology for soft-linking an energy systems model (Irish TIMES) with a power systems model (PLEXOS) to improve the interpretation of the electricity sector results in the energy system model. The soft-linking enables higher temporal resolution and improved characterisation of power plants and power system operation Secondly, the thesis develops a methodology for the integration of agriculture and energy systems modelling to enable coherent economy wide climate mitigation scenario analysis. This provides a very useful starting point for considering the trade-offs between the energy system and agriculture in the context of a low carbon economy and for enabling analysis of land-use competition. Three specific time scale perspectives are examined in this thesis (2020, 2030, 2050), aligning with key policy target time horizons. The results indicate that Ireland’s short term mandatory emissions reduction target will not be achieved without a significant reassessment of renewable energy policy and that the current dominant policy focus on wind-generated electricity is misplaced. In the medium to long term, the results suggest that energy efficiency is the first cost effective measure to deliver emissions reduction; biomass and biofuels are likely to be the most significant fuel source for Ireland in the context of a low carbon future prompting the need for a detailed assessment of possible implications for sustainability and competition with the agri-food sectors; significant changes are required in infrastructure to deliver deep emissions reductions (to enable the electrification of heat and transport, to accommodate carbon capture and storage facilities (CCS) and for biofuels); competition between energy and agriculture for land-use will become a key issue. The purpose of this thesis is to increase the evidence-based underpinning energy and climate policy decisions in Ireland. The methodology is replicable in other Member States.

Ireland faces very challenging short-term targets in the period to 2020 arising from EU obligations that are specified in EU Directives and Decisions. In addition to these short-term targets, the EU has committed to a long-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction of 80–95% below 1990 levels by 2050, and will require Member States to participate in effort-sharing to deliver deep emissions cuts. Policy-makers require comprehensive, robust, knowledge-based information to inform their decisions on how to meet these targets in a manner that will most benefit the Irish economy. This project draws on and contributes to the wealth of international energy-systems modelling research activity. It involved building, developing, calibrating, testing and running a (partial equilibrium) energysystems optimisation model for Ireland – the Irish TIMES model. The model was developed by University College Cork in collaboration with the Economic and Social Research Institute, E4SMA and KanORS over the period March 2009–November 2011. The real value of the Irish TIMES model is in the new insights it gives into some of the key challenges and decisions facing Ireland in energy and climate policy. The Irish TIMES model provides a means of assessing the implications of alternative future energy system pathways for: (i) the Irish economy (technology choices, prices, output, etc.), (ii) Ireland’s energy mix and energy dependence, and (iii) the environment. It is used in this project to assess the implications of emerging technologies and of mobilising alternative policy choices, such as meeting renewable energy targets and carbonmitigation strategies. The two key new perspectives this research project gives are: (i) a full energy-systems modelling approach and (ii) a focus on the medium term (to 2050) as well as the short term (to 2020). The scenario results respond directly to a number of key policy questions that could not be readily addressed before this model was developed. These relate to Ireland’s targets for: (i) renewable energy to 2020, (ii) GHG reduction to 2020 and (iii) long-term GHG emissions reduction to 2050. The results point to: 1 Alternative pathways for renewable energy to that currently being followed under Ireland’s National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP); 2 The need to urgently reassess Ireland’s renewable energy policies in light of the non-ETS emissions reduction target; 3 A particular focus on renewable heat, renewable transport and electrification of heat, in contrast to the current dominant focus on wind-generated electricity; 4 The impacts of imposing a higher emissions reduction target on Ireland’s energy system to compensate for limited mitigation options in agriculture; 5 The significant challenges in moving to a lowcarbon economy in 2050 with renewable energy accounting for 65–85% of energy supply (compared with 6.5% in 2011); 6 Electrification of heat in particular but also of transport, resulting in the share of energy use delivered by electricity increasing from 18% currently to 31–47% of energy use in 2050.

The Paris Agreement is the last hope to keep global temperature rise below 2°C. The consensus agrees to holding the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to aim for 1.5°C. Each Party’s successive nationally determined contribution (NDC) will represent a progression beyond the party’s then current NDC, and reflect its highest possible ambition. Using Ireland as a test case, we show that increased mitigation ambition is required to meet the Paris Agreement goals in contrast to current EU policy goals of an 80–95% reduction by 2050. For the 1.5°C consistent carbon budgets, the technically feasible scenarios' abatement costs rise to greater than €8,100/tCO2 by 2050. The greatest economic impact is in the short term. Annual GDP growth rates in the period to 2020 reduce from 4% to 2.2% in the 1.5°C scenario. While aiming for net zero emissions beyond 2050, investment decisions in the next 5–10 years are critical to prevent carbon lock-in. Key policy insightsEconomic growth can be maintained in Ireland while rapidly decarbonizing the energy system.The social cost of carbon needs to be included as standard in valuation of infrastructure investment planning, both by government finance departments and private investors.Technological feasibility is not the limiting factor in achieving rapid deep decarbonization.Immediate increased decarbonization ambition over the next 3–5 years is critical to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, acknowledging the current 80–95% reduction target is not consistent with temperature goals of ‘well below’ 2°C and pursuing 1.5°C.Applying carbon budgets to the energy system results in non-linear CO2 emissions reductions over time, which contrast with current EU policy targets, and the implied optimal climate policy and mitigation investment strategy. Economic growth can be maintained in Ireland while rapidly decarbonizing the energy system. The social cost of carbon needs to be included as standard in valuation of infrastructure investment planning, both by government finance departments and private investors. Technological feasibility is not the limiting factor in achieving rapid deep decarbonization. Immediate increased decarbonization ambition over the next 3–5 years is critical to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, acknowledging the current 80–95% reduction target is not consistent with temperature goals of ‘well below’ 2°C and pursuing 1.5°C. Applying carbon budgets to the energy system results in non-linear CO2 emissions reductions over time, which contrast with current EU policy targets, and the implied optimal climate policy and mitigation investment strategy.

The Paris Agreement is the last hope to keep global temperature rise below 2°C. The consensus agrees to holding the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to aim for 1.5°C. Each Party’s successive nationally determined contribution (NDC) will represent a progression beyond the party’s then current NDC, and reflect its highest possible ambition. Using Ireland as a test case, we show that increased mitigation ambition is required to meet the Paris Agreement goals in contrast to current EU policy goals of an 80–95% reduction by 2050. For the 1.5°C consistent carbon budgets, the technically feasible scenarios' abatement costs rise to greater than €8,100/tCO2 by 2050. The greatest economic impact is in the short term. Annual GDP growth rates in the period to 2020 reduce from 4% to 2.2% in the 1.5°C scenario. While aiming for net zero emissions beyond 2050, investment decisions in the next 5–10 years are critical to prevent carbon lock-in. Key policy insightsEconomic growth can be maintained in Ireland while rapidly decarbonizing the energy system.The social cost of carbon needs to be included as standard in valuation of infrastructure investment planning, both by government finance departments and private investors.Technological feasibility is not the limiting factor in achieving rapid deep decarbonization.Immediate increased decarbonization ambition over the next 3–5 years is critical to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, acknowledging the current 80–95% reduction target is not consistent with temperature goals of ‘well below’ 2°C and pursuing 1.5°C.Applying carbon budgets to the energy system results in non-linear CO2 emissions reductions over time, which contrast with current EU policy targets, and the implied optimal climate policy and mitigation investment strategy. Economic growth can be maintained in Ireland while rapidly decarbonizing the energy system. The social cost of carbon needs to be included as standard in valuation of infrastructure investment planning, both by government finance departments and private investors. Technological feasibility is not the limiting factor in achieving rapid deep decarbonization. Immediate increased decarbonization ambition over the next 3–5 years is critical to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, acknowledging the current 80–95% reduction target is not consistent with temperature goals of ‘well below’ 2°C and pursuing 1.5°C. Applying carbon budgets to the energy system results in non-linear CO2 emissions reductions over time, which contrast with current EU policy targets, and the implied optimal climate policy and mitigation investment strategy.

This study investigates longitudinal changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in early-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and explores the impact of disease activity (relapses) on such changes. People with MS (PwMS) onset between 12 and 25 years of age were followed longitudinally. At baseline and at year 4, patients were asked to fill the Paediatric Quality of life inventory (PedsQL). Demographic and clinical features were collected at both time points. Longitudinal within-group comparison of HRQoL total score and sub-scores was performed via paired samples t-test. The effect of relapses on the HRQoL changes over time was explored via linear mixed-effects analysis. No longitudinal changes were observed in the overall PedsQL score, nor in the physical, school and psychological functioning. An increase in the social functioning subscale (p < 0.001) and a decrease in the emotional subscale (p = 0.006) were observed. The change in social functioning, but not the one in the emotional subscale, was affected by the occurrence of relapses (p = 0.044). In conclusion, stimulating the patients to accept their emotional responses to health-related limitations, while preserving their social and relational resources seems key to the preservation of an adequate QoL over time in juvenile-onset MS.

Despite being a common issue in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), sexual dysfunction is still underinvestigated. This work aims to assess the potential determinants of sexual dysfunction in pwMS by considering its relationship with disease severity (in terms of global disability), illness perception, and depressive symptoms. In this multicenter study, 1010 pwMS responded to an online survey. A serial mediation model considering negative illness perception and depressive symptoms as mediators of the relationship between disease severity and sexual dysfunction was conducted using the SPSS PROCESS Macro with bias-corrected bootstrapping (5000 samples). Disease severity exerts an indirect effect on sexual dysfunction via illness perception, both independently and through depressive symptoms. However, the results indicated that illness perception plays a more crucial role in sexual dysfunction in pwMS with mild disability than in pwMS with moderate-severe disability. This study suggests that higher disability increases its magnitude by enhancing negative illness perception, that, in turn, affects sexual dysfunction both directly and through depressive symptoms, especially in pwMS with mild disability. Modulating the effect of illness perception by favoring adaptive coping strategies might represent a valid approach to mitigate sexual dysfunction symptoms in MS.

The current study aimed at exploring the relationship between objective disability, illness perceptions, resilience, fear of COVID-19, and psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, and stress) in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) during the second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. A group of 122 pwMS recruited in an Italian university hospital took part in this cross-sectional monocentric study. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the strength of the hypothesized associations. Results indicated that, differently from cognitive impairment, motor disability was positively associated with anxiety. However, accounting for subjective illness perception, such association was no longer significant. Moreover, accounting for both protective and risk factors in the models, even illness perception was no longer significant, highlighting the central role of resilience and fear of COVID-19 in explaining the negative emotional outcomes. Implications for clinical interventions and psychoeducational trainings are discussed.

Physical disability impacts psychosocial wellbeing in people with multiple sclerosis. However, the role of physical activity in this context is still debated. By taking advantage of a previous survey, conducted online from 22 April to 7 May 2020, we performed a post-hoc analysis with the aim to assess the associations between disability, physical exercise, and mental health in multiple sclerosis. We retrieved the following data: (i) sociodemographic information, (ii) changes in lifestyle (including exercise), (iii) physical disability, as measured with the Patient-Determined Disease Steps scale, and (iv) anxiety feelings and depressive symptoms assessed via the items included in the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders measurement system. Examination of the interaction plot showed that the effect of disability on depression, but not on anxious symptoms, was significant for all levels of physical exercise (low: b = 1.22, 95% C.I. 0.85, 1.58, p &lt, 0.001, moderate: b = 0.95, 95% C.I. 0.66, 1.24, p &lt, and high: b = 0.68, 95% C.I. 0.24, 1.13, p = 0.003). Based on these data, we can conclude that disability significantly impacted depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, with physical activity playing a moderating role. Our results suggest that favoring exercise in multiple sclerosis (MS) would ameliorate psychological wellbeing regardless of the level of physical disability.

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been extremely stressful and has produced fear and anxiety throughout the population, representing a psychological emergency. This work aimed at presenting a mental health first aid service established within an Italian university public hospital context to address four different population targets (i.e., people vulnerable to mental health problems, health-care professionals, people in isolation, and general citizenship). Specifically, the organizational structure comprising four different areas (i.e., management, clinical, communication, and research) and first data collected from the foundation of the service until 3 May 2020 are presented. Findings indicated that anxiety and fear of contagion were the main motivations prompting both the general population and health-care professionals to ask for a psychological help. Furthermore, findings indicate that clients’ current quality of life was perceived as lower than in the past but also that imagined in the future, highlighting the importance of psychological first aid interventions. This service may represent an example for helping mental health professionals in developing similar services in their local realities, promoting health and individual and community resilience.

The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB) is frequently used to estimate cognitive function in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS), while it has been included in few studies on young MS, also because of the absence of normative values. We aim to evaluate the impact of age, gender, and education on BRB scores in a young adolescent population.We administered the BRB to 76, 14-to-17-year-old, healthy subjects. Linear regression models were used to assess the impact of age, gender, and education on sub-test scores. When statistically significant (p 0.05), we used the regression coefficient to correct the raw scores.Younger age was associated with better performance on SPART (β = - 2.54; p 0.05) and SPART-D (β = - 1.06; p 0.05). Male gender was associated with better performance on SPART (β = 3.40; p 0.05), SPART-D (β = 1.41; p 0.05), PASAT-3 (β = 5.58; p 0.05), and PASAT-2 (β = 5.07; p 0.05). Educational attainments were associated with better performance on SPART (β = 3.23; p 0.05) and SPART-D (β = 1.28; p 0.05). Cut-off points were suggested at the 5th lowest percentile.Age, gender, and education must be accounted for when applying the BRB to young population. Present results can prove useful for future clinical and research applications in adolescent MS patients.

ackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the CNS occurring in young adults and even in children in 5% of cases. Lower quality of life (QoL) and cognitive impairment (CI) (40e54%) have been reported in early-onset MS (EO-MS) patients. Objective: To assess QoL and cognitive function in EO-MS and their relationship, also considering demographic and clinical variables. Methods: Paediatric Quality of life inventory Version 4.0 for patients aged 13e18 and 19e25 years, Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II) and the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery were performed in EO-MS patients (onset age 25years). EDSS and MSSS were performed at same time. After testing for normal distribution, group comparisons were performed through the two-tailed Student's t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear or logistic regression when appropriate. The Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was used when appropriate. Results: 59 patients were included (mean age: 20 ± 3.6; Female sex 52.54%). 34 patients had a paediatric onset (

L’Angioedema Ereditario da carenza di C1 Inibitore (C1-INH-HAE)(Cicardi et al., 2014) è una malattia rara che costringe i pazienti a confrontarsi con un’estrema variabilità interindividuale ed intraindividuale delle sue manifestazioni, e che compromette la qualità di vita delle persone che ne sono affette e delle loro famiglie (Banerji, 2013; Caballero et al., 2014). Nonostante i progressi della ricerca nell’individuazione dell’origine genetica, le cause dell’insorgenza dei sintomi restano ancora poco chiare. Recenti lavori scientifici annoverano lo stress psicologico tra i potenziali triggers degli attacchi di angioedema in base a dati auto-riferiti dai pazienti. La connessione tra stress psicologico ed attacchi tuttavia non è mai stata esplorata. (Fouche at al., 2013; Zotter at al., 2014). Obiettivo del contributo è approfondire il rapporto tra processi psicologici, stress e regolazione emotiva nelle manifestazioni di Angioedema Ereditario in età evolutiva. Inoltre, si intende osservare se tali aspetti assumano caratteristiche peculiari in questi pazienti oppure se riflettano condizioni comuni a giovani affetti da diverse patologie croniche.