211 results on '"Cheryl A.M. Anderson"'
Search Results
52. Dietary Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association
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Kristina S. Petersen, Vascular Biology, Tamar S. Polonsky, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Jo Ann S. Carson, Linda Van Horn, Katie A. Meyer, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Lawrence J. Appel, and Alice H. Lichtenstein
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Blood lipids ,Context (language use) ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Recommended Dietary Allowances ,Whole grains ,Nutrition Policy ,Cholesterol, Dietary ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Environmental health ,Dash ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Diet, Western ,Observational study ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Dietary Cholesterol - Abstract
The elimination of specific dietary cholesterol target recommendations in recent guidelines has raised questions about its role with respect to cardiovascular disease. This advisory was developed after a review of human studies on the relationship of dietary cholesterol with blood lipids, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease risk to address questions about the relevance of dietary cholesterol guidance for heart health. Evidence from observational studies conducted in several countries generally does not indicate a significant association with cardiovascular disease risk. Although meta-analyses of intervention studies differ in their findings, most associate intakes of cholesterol that exceed current average levels with elevated total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Dietary guidance should focus on healthy dietary patterns (eg, Mediterranean-style and DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension]–style diets) that are inherently relatively low in cholesterol with typical levels similar to the current US intake. These patterns emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat or fat-free dairy products, lean protein sources, nuts, seeds, and liquid vegetable oils. A recommendation that gives a specific dietary cholesterol target within the context of food-based advice is challenging for clinicians and consumers to implement; hence, guidance focused on dietary patterns is more likely to improve diet quality and to promote cardiovascular health.
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- 2019
53. Primary Prevention of Weight Gain Is Essential to Promote Cardiovascular Health
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C. Michael Wright, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, and Tala Al-Rousan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Cardiovascular health ,Physical exercise ,medicine.disease ,Weight loss ,Diabetes mellitus ,Primary prevention ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Weight gain - Published
- 2019
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54. P1691Impact of dose and duration of dietary salt reduction on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
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Bruce Neal, Daniel T. Lackland, Norman R.C. Campbell, Alexander A. Leung, Sohei Yoshimura, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Kathy Trieu, Graham A. MacGregor, Liping Huang, Feng J. He, and Mark Woodward
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomization ,business.industry ,Urinary system ,medicine.disease ,Blood pressure ,Heart failure ,Meta-analysis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Systole ,Salt intake ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Dietary salt - Abstract
Background Authoritative medical and public health agencies in most countries advise to reduce population dietary salt intake to under 5–6 g/day as a strategy for preventing high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. However, there is still dispute about whether salt reduction should be adopted by all populations. In addition, the effect of duration of dietary salt reduction has not been sufficiently investigated. Purpose To understand the effect of dietary salt reduction on blood pressure and the impact of intervention duration. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Randomized controlled trials that allocated participants to low and high salt intake, without confounding from unequal concomitant interventions, were included. We excluded studies done in individuals younger than 18 years, pregnant women, individuals with renal disease or heart failure, and studies with sodium excretion estimated from spot urine. Random effect meta-analysis was used to generate pooled estimates of the effect on 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Multivariate meta-regression was used to quantify the dose response effect of dietary salt on blood pressure change and to understand the impact of the intervention duration. Results 125 studies were included with 162 data points extracted. Ninety-nine data points (61%) had interventions under 4 weeks. Overall, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion changed by −141 mmol (95% CI: −156; −126), systolic blood pressure changed by −4.4 mm Hg (95% CI: −5.2; −3.7) and diastolic blood pressure changed by −2.4 mm Hg (95% CI: −2.9; −1.9). Sodium reduction resulted in a significant decrease of systolic blood pressure in all subgroups except in participants with low baseline sodium intake ( Figure 1 Conclusions Our meta-analysis showed that sodium reduction could reduce blood pressure in all adult populations regardless of age, sex and race. The effect of salt reduction on systolic blood pressure increases with higher baseline blood pressure. Further studies, designed to investigate the impact of intervention duration, are needed to understand the significance of the duration. Acknowledgement/Funding None
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- 2019
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55. Patients' perceptions of self-management of high blood pressure in three low- and middle-income countries: findings from the BPMONITOR study
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Rafael Vidal-Perez, Namratha R. Kandula, J. Jaime Miranda, Anastase Dzudie, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Mark D. Huffman, Sufia Dadabhai, Tala Al-Rousan, and M. Amalia Pesantes
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Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Malawi ,self-management ,hypertension ,Epidemiology ,Health literacy ,Pilot Projects ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,perception ,Essential hypertension ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Peru ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cameroon ,Original Research Article ,Risk factor ,Developing Countries ,Disease burden ,Self-management ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Focus group ,Blood pressure ,Low and middle income countries ,qualitative ,medication ,business - Abstract
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for global disease burden. Self-management of high blood pressure (BP) through self-monitoring and self-titration of medications, has proved to be one successful and cost-effective tool to achieve better BP control in many high-income countries but not much is known about its potential in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used semi-structured questionnaires and focus groups in three LMICs; Peru, Cameroon and Malawi to examine perceptions and attitudes of patients diagnosed with essential hypertension towards living with hypertension, BP measurement and treatment, patient–physician relationship and opinions about self-management of high blood pressure. Results in all three countries were comparable. Patients showed varied levels of health literacy related to hypertension. BP measurement habits were mostly affected by resources available and caregiver support. Treatment and adherence to it were primarily affected by cost. Most patients were welcoming of the idea of self-management but skeptical about the ability to do self-monitoring accurately and the safety involving self-titration of medications.
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- 2019
56. Innovation to Create a Healthy and Sustainable Food System: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association
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Randi E. Foraker, Anne N. Thorndike, Linda Van Horn, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Colleen Spees, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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Conservation of Natural Resources ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutritional Status ,Context (language use) ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Recommended Dietary Allowances ,Public-Private Sector Partnerships ,Food Supply ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Stakeholder Participation ,Physiology (medical) ,Food choice ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Marketing ,Noncommunicable Diseases ,Policy Making ,business.industry ,Public health ,Health technology ,American Heart Association ,Feeding Behavior ,Private sector ,United States ,Choice architecture ,Primary Prevention ,Incentive ,Food systems ,Diet, Healthy ,Diffusion of Innovation ,Energy Intake ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Nutritive Value ,Risk Reduction Behavior - Abstract
Current dietary intakes of North Americans are inconsistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans . This occurs in the context of a food system that precludes healthy foods as the default choices. To develop a food system that is both healthy and sustainable requires innovation. This science advisory from the American Heart Association describes both innovative approaches to developing a healthy and sustainable food system and the current evidence base for the associations between these approaches and positive changes in dietary behaviors, dietary intakes, and when available, health outcomes. Innovation can occur through policy, private sector, public health, medical, community, or individual-level approaches and could ignite and further public-private partnerships. New product innovations, reformulations, taxes, incentives, product placement/choice architecture, innovative marketing practices, menu and product labeling, worksite wellness initiatives, community campaigns, nutrition prescriptions, mobile health technologies, and gaming offer potential benefits. Some innovations have been observed to increase the purchasing of healthy foods or have increased diversity in food choices, but there remains limited evidence linking these innovations with health outcomes. The demonstration of evidence-based improvements in health outcomes is challenging for any preventive interventions, especially those related to diet, because of competing lifestyle and environmental risk factors that are difficult to quantify. A key next step in creating a healthier and more sustainable food system is to build innovative system-level approaches that improve individual behaviors, strengthen industry and community efforts, and align policies with evidence-based recommendations. To enable healthier food choices and favorably impact cardiovascular health, immediate action is needed to promote favorable innovation at all levels of the food system.
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- 2019
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57. Abstract P240: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the California Teachers Study
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Lorena S. Pacheco, Hector Lemus, James V. Lacey, Maria Elena Martinez, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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Consumption (economics) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,Disease risk ,Medicine ,Observational study ,Disease ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Sugar - Abstract
Introduction: Previous observational studies have shown a positive association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but many have been relatively short-term. Objective: To determine the association of SSB consumption over a 20-year period and incident CVD in a large prospective cohort of middle-aged women. Methods: Data are from the California Teachers Study, a US based longitudinal cohort comprised of 133,477 female teachers and administrators who were active or recently retired members of the California State Teachers Retirement System in 1995. After excluding those with a history of CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline, our analytic sample was 107,905. SSB consumption constituted regular soft drinks, sweetened bottled waters and teas, and fruit drinks (other than fruit juice) and was derived from a self-administered Block95 food frequency questionnaire. SSB consumption was divided into four categories: Rare or never, >rare/never to th and 10 th Revision coding system. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between SSB consumption and incident CVD, after adjusting for potential confounders and mediators. Results: Of a total of 8,946 CVD incident cases over 20 years, the majority were strokes (5,728). In an age-adjusted model, we observed increased hazard ratios (HR) for CVD (HR 1.24 [95% CI 1.11, 1.38]), CABG (HR 1.39 [95% CI 1.13, 1.71]), and stroke (HR 1.21 [95% CI 1.05, 1.39]) events in women who consumed ≥1 serving/day vs those who rarely/never consumed SSBs. Our fully adjusted model included age, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, multivitamin and aspirin use, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptive use, history of hypertension, body mass index, fruit and vegetable intake, and total energy intake. This model slightly attenuated the hazard for CVD (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.07, 1.35]), CABG (HR 1.25 [95% CI 1.00, 1.06]), and stroke (HR 1.18 [1.01, 1.37]) in women who consumed ≥1 serving/day in comparison to women that rarely/never consumed SSBs. Conclusions: If this finding is replicated, SSB consumption might be a modifiable dietary target to reduce risk of CVD among women.
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- 2019
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58. Abstract P289: Effects of Dietary App-Supported Tele-Counseling on Sodium Intake, Diet Quality, and Blood Pressure in Patients With Diabetes and Kidney Disease
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Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Sara Kwiecen, Lisa Bailey-Davis, Elisabeth Graboski, Christina Yule, Charlotte Collins, Alex R. Chang, Caitlin Krekel, and Stephen P. Juraschek
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Kidney ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Healthy diet ,Sodium intake ,Blood pressure ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diet quality ,Physiology (medical) ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,In patient ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Background: Despite the importance of healthy diet for cardiovascular (CVD) health, the vast majority of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) do not receive dietitian counseling or make dietary modifications. Evidence for using dietary apps and tele-counseling to improve CVD risk factors is limited. Methods: We examined the effects of dietary app-supported tele-counseling on sodium intake and diet quality in 44 patients with type 2 diabetes and stage 1-3a CKD. Patients recorded and shared dietary data via MyFitnessPal with registered dietitians, who used motivational interviewing to provide telephone counseling weekly for 8 weeks. Outcomes included 24-hour urine sodium (2 collections per timepoint), Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 score (multiple 24-hour dietary recalls per timepoint), 24-hour systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 24-hour urine albumin excretion. We report interim results for patients who completed 8-week and 6-month data collection; final outcome data at 12 months will be completed in November 2018. Results: Out of 44 consented patients (mean age 60.3 ± 11.9 y, 43% female, 93% white, 20% (Table) . However, HEI-2015 score improved by 3.19 (CI: 0.51-5.87) at 8 weeks and 7.21 (CI: 3.07, 11.3) at 6 months; 24-hour SBP improved by -3.7 (CI: -7.4, 0.1) at 8 weeks and by -4.9 (CI: -8.8, -0.9) at 6 months. Conclusions: An app-supported tele-counseling program with a registered dietitian appears to be a feasible strategy to improve dietary quality and blood pressure, even in patients with diabetes and early CKD. Sodium is ubiquitous in the food supply and hard to change at the individual level. Studies to demonstrate efficacy are needed.
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- 2019
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59. Community BMI Surveillance Using an Existing Immunization Registry in San Diego, California
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Suzanne P. Lindsay, Hector Lemus, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Christina D. Chambers, Terry A. Cronan, Deirdre K. Browner, Amanda R. Ratigan, and Wilma Wooten
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Adult ,Male ,Health (social science) ,Younger age ,Adolescent ,Population ,Immunization registry ,Ethnic group ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Sample (statistics) ,Representativeness heuristic ,California ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Electronic Health Records ,Humans ,Medicine ,Public Health Surveillance ,Obesity ,Registries ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,Overweight ,Census ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,business ,Body mass index ,Demography - Abstract
This study examines the demographic representativeness of the County of San Diego Body Mass Index (BMI) Surveillance System to determine if the BMI estimates being obtained from this convenience sample of individuals who visited their healthcare provider for outpatient services can be generalized to the general population of San Diego. Height and weight were transmitted from electronic health records systems to the San Diego Immunization Registry (SDIR). Age, gender, and race/ethnicity of this sample are compared to general population estimates by sub-regional area (SRA) (n = 41) to account for regional demographic differences. A
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- 2016
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60. Nutrition Interventions in Chronic Kidney Disease
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Dena E. Rifkin, Hoang Anh Nguyen, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Mediterranean diet ,Protein–energy malnutrition ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Renal function ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Diet, Mediterranean ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Protein-Energy Malnutrition ,Calcium Carbonate ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lanthanum ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Intensive care medicine ,Exercise ,Chelating Agents ,Dyslipidemias ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Sodium, Dietary ,General Medicine ,Water-Electrolyte Balance ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Diet ,Fibroblast Growth Factors ,Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 ,Blood pressure ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Hyperglycemia ,Physical therapy ,Phosphorus, Dietary ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Dietary modification is recommended in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Individuals with CKD often have multiple comorbidities, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, for which dietary modification is also recommended. As CKD progresses, nutrition plays an important role in mitigating risk for cardiovascular disease and decline in kidney function. The objectives of nutrition interventions in CKD include management of risk factors, ensuring optimal nutritional status throughout all stages of CKD, preventing buildup of toxic metabolic products, and avoiding complications of CKD. Recommended dietary changes should be feasible, sustainable, and suited for patients' food preferences and clinical needs.
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- 2016
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61. Diet Soda Consumption and Risk of Incident End Stage Renal Disease
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Casey M. Rebholz, Josef Coresh, Lawrence J. Appel, Deidra C. Crews, Morgan E. Grams, Lydia A. Bazzano, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, and Lyn M. Steffen
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Overweight ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Body Mass Index ,End stage renal disease ,Beverages ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Prospective Studies ,Transplantation ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Original Articles ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diet Records ,United States ,Confidence interval ,Endocrinology ,Nephrology ,Sweetening Agents ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Follow-Up Studies ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Diet soda consumption is common in the United States and is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.We prospectively analyzed diet soda consumption, assessed by food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1987-1989) and a follow-up examination (1993-1995), and incident ESRD through December 31, 2012 in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n=15,368).Baseline mean age of participants was 54 years, 55% were female, and 27% were black. The majority of participants (43.5%) consumed1 glass/wk of diet soda; 17.8% consumed 1-4 glasses/wk; 25.3% consumed 5-7 glasses/wk; and 13.5% consumed7 glasses/wk. Over a median follow-up of 23 years, 357 incident ESRD cases were observed. Relative to1 glass/wk of diet soda, consuming 1-4 glasses/wk, 5-7 glasses/wk, and7 glasses/wk, respectively, was associated with 1.08-times (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.75 to 1.55), 1.33-times (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.75), and 1.83-times (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.52) higher risk of ESRD after adjusting for age, sex, race-center, education level, smoking status, physical activity, total caloric intake, eGFR, body mass index category, diabetes, systolic BP, and serum uric acid (P value for trend0.001). Results were similar after additional adjustment for dietary acid load, diet quality, dietary sodium, dietary fructose, sugar-sweetened beverages, and dietary phosphorus. Risk estimates were similar by body mass index category (P value for interaction = 0.82), but the association between diet soda and ESRD was only significant for those who were overweight or obese at baseline. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was not significantly associated with ESRD in the fully adjusted model.Diet soda consumption was associated with higher ESRD risk in this general population sample. Further research is necessary to validate these findings in other study populations and to examine potential mechanisms through which diet soda could impact kidney disease.
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- 2016
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62. Spot urine sodium measurements do not accurately estimate dietary sodium intake in chronic kidney disease 1,2
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Martha S. Persky, Carly E. Dougher, Gerard Smits, Joachim H. Ix, Dena E. Rifkin, Geoffrey A. Block, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Proteinuria ,Urinalysis ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Sodium ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Urology ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Renal function ,Urine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Urine sodium ,Urine collection device ,Excretion ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background: Sodium intake influences blood pressure and proteinuria, yet the impact on long-term outcomes is uncertain in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Accurate assessment is essential for clinical and public policy recommendations, but few large-scale studies use 24-h urine collections. Recent studies that used spot urine sodium and associated estimating equations suggest that they may provide a suitable alternative, but their accuracy in patients with CKD is unknown. Objective: We compared the accuracy of 4 equations [the Nerbass, INTERSALT (International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure), Tanaka, and Kawasaki equations] that use spot urine sodium to estimate 24-h sodium excretion in patients with moderate to advanced CKD. Design: We evaluated the accuracy of spot urine sodium to predict mean 24-h urine sodium excretion over 9 mo in 129 participants with stage 3–4 CKD. Spot morning urine sodium was used in 4 estimating equations. Bias, precision, and accuracy were assessed and compared across each equation. Results: The mean age of the participants was 67 y, 52% were female, and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 31 ± 9 mL · min–1 · 1.73 m–2. The mean ± SD number of 24-h urine collections was 3.5 ± 0.8/participant, and the mean 24-h sodium excretion was 168.2 ± 67.5 mmol/d. Although the Tanaka equation demonstrated the least bias (mean: −8.2 mmol/d), all 4 equations had poor precision and accuracy. The INTERSALT equation demonstrated the highest accuracy but derived an estimate only within 30% of mean measured sodium excretion in only 57% of observations. Bland-Altman plots revealed systematic bias with the Nerbass, INTERSALT, and Tanaka equations, underestimating sodium excretion when intake was high. Conclusion: These findings do not support the use of spot urine specimens to estimate dietary sodium intake in patients with CKD and research studies enriched with patients with CKD. The parent data for this study come from a clinical trial that was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00785629","term_id":"NCT00785629"}}NCT00785629.
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- 2016
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63. Walking mediates associations between neighborhood activity supportiveness and BMI in the Women's Health Initiative San Diego cohort
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Michael H. Criqui, Marc A. Adams, Jordan A. Carlson, Rosemay A. Remigio-Baker, Gregory J. Norman, Matthew A. Allison, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, and Jacqueline Kerr
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Gerontology ,Aging ,Health (social science) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Walking ,Overweight ,Cardiovascular ,California ,Body Mass Index ,0302 clinical medicine ,Residence Characteristics ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cancer ,Women's Health Initiative ,Middle Aged ,Stroke ,Walkability ,Cohort ,Public Health and Health Services ,Waist circumference ,Female ,Public Health ,Waist Circumference ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,Waist ,Life on Land ,Human Geography ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Nutrition ,Aged ,030505 public health ,Physical activity ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,Women's Health ,business ,human activities ,Body mass index ,Demography - Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether walking mediates neighborhood built environment associations with weight status in middle- and older-aged women. Methods Participants ( N =5085; mean age=64±7.7; 75.4% White non-Hispanic) were from the Women’s Health Initiative San Diego cohort baseline visits. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured objectively. Walking was assessed via survey. The geographic information system (GIS)-based home neighborhood activity supportiveness index included residential density, street connectivity, land use mix, and number of parks. Results BMI was 0.22 units higher and the odds ratio for being obese (vs. normal or overweight) was 8% higher for every standard deviation decrease in neighborhood activity supportiveness. Walking partially mediated these associations (22–23% attenuation). Findings were less robust for waist circumference. Conclusions Findings suggest women who lived in activity-supportive neighborhoods had a lower BMI than their counterparts, in part because they walked more. Improving neighborhood activity supportiveness has population-level implications for improving weight status and health.
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- 2016
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64. Narrative review of social media as a research tool for diet and weight loss
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Hala Madanat, David R. Strong, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Eric R. Walsh-Buhi, Jessica R. Hawks, Atsushi Nara, and Sheri J. Hartman
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05 social sciences ,Behavior change ,050301 education ,050801 communication & media studies ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,law.invention ,Human-Computer Interaction ,0508 media and communications ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Randomized controlled trial ,Weight loss ,law ,medicine ,Narrative review ,Social media ,Research questions ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,0503 education ,General Psychology ,Social cognitive theory ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This narrative review examined the following research questions: 1) What are the characteristics and outcomes of social media-based diet/weight loss studies to date? 2) What are the methodological characteristics of social media-based diet/weight loss studies? 3) What research strengths and limitations exist among social media-based diet/weight loss studies? We conducted a narrative review of studies related to diet, weight loss, and social media. Out of 37 included articles, most focused exclusively on Facebook (n = 13, 35%) or Twitter (n = 12, 32%). Of 20 studies (54%) analyzing social media content, most analyzed textual content (n = 13, 65%). About half of studies (n = 20, 54%) had no guiding theoretical framework, and about one-quarter used Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (n = 10, 27%). Studies designs used were non-experimental (n = 15, 41%), experimental (n = 12, 32%), qualitative (n = 8, 22%), and mixed methods (n = 2, 5%). Intervention research thus far has consisted mostly of inadequately controlled and powered pilot studies. More rigorous randomized controlled trials should be conducted that build on data gathered from pilot research. Further research on how exposure to/interaction with diet/weight loss social media translates to individual behavior change will aid in addressing the US's obesity epidemic.
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- 2020
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65. A Healthy Beverage Score and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression, Incident Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort
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Josef Coresh, Jiang He, Casey M. Rebholz, Haochang Shou, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Madhumita Jena Mohanty, Cric Study Investigators, Emily A Hu, Zeenat Bhat, Katherine T. Mills, Lawrence J. Appel, Jonathon J Taliercio, and Deidra C. Crews
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Calorie ,chronic kidney disease progression ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Renal function ,Disease ,AcademicSubjects/MED00060 ,healthy beverages ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health ,cardiovascular disease ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Chronic renal insufficiency ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Original Research ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,CRIC ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,medicine.disease ,Quartile ,Cohort ,all-cause mortality ,business ,Food Science ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Background Beverages are a source of calories and other bioactive constituents but are an understudied aspect of the diet. Different beverages have varying effects on health outcomes. Objectives We created the Healthy Beverage Score (HBS) to characterize participants’ beverage patterns and examined its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality among individuals with CKD. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 2283 adults aged 21–74 y with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of 20–70 mL · min−1 · 1.73 m−2 from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort. Diet was assessed using a 124-item FFQ at visit 1 (2003–2008). The HBS, ranging from 7 to 28 possible points, consisted of 7 components, each scored from 1 to 4 based on rank distribution by quartile, except alcohol, which was based on sex-specific cutoffs. Participants were given more points for higher consumption of low-fat milk and of coffee/tea, for moderate alcohol, and for lower consumption of 100% fruit juice, whole-fat milk, artificially sweetened beverages, and sugar-sweetened beverages. CKD progression, incident CVD, and mortality were ascertained through January 2018. We conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results There were 815 cases of CKD progression, 285 cases of incident CVD, and 725 deaths over a maximum of 14 y of follow-up. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of the HBS, participants in the highest tertile had a 25% lower likelihood of CKD progression (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.89; P-trend = 0.001) and a 17% lower likelihood of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69, 1.00; P-trend = 0.04) after adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and dietary factors. There was no significant trend for incident CVD. Conclusions Among individuals with CKD, a healthier beverage pattern was inversely associated with CKD progression and all-cause mortality. Beverage intake may be an important modifiable target in preventing adverse outcomes for individuals with CKD.
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- 2020
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66. Low-Calorie Sweetened Beverages and Cardiometabolic Health: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association
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Jean-Pierre Després, Jo Ann S. Carson, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Amytis Towfighi, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Frank B. Hu, Jennifer J. Otten, Rachel K. Johnson, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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Adult ,Male ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Nutritional Status ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Recommended Dietary Allowances ,Risk Assessment ,Beverages ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Preferences ,Habits ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Child ,Policy Making ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Low calorie ,American Heart Association ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Child, Preschool ,Sweetening Agents ,Female ,Diet, Healthy ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Energy Intake ,Nutritive Value - Abstract
In the United States, 32% of beverages consumed by adults and 19% of beverages consumed by children in 2007 to 2010 contained low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs). Among all foods and beverages containing LCSs, beverages represent the largest proportion of LCS consumption worldwide. The term LCS includes the 6 high-intensity sweeteners currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and 2 additional high-intensity sweeteners for which the US Food and Drug Administration has issued no objection letters. Because of a lack of data on specific LCSs, this advisory does not distinguish among these LCSs. Furthermore, the advisory does not address foods sweetened with LCSs. This advisory reviews evidence from observational studies and clinical trials assessing the cardiometabolic outcomes of LCS beverages. It summarizes the positions of government agencies and other health organizations on LCS beverages and identifies research needs on the effects of LCS beverages on energy balance and cardiometabolic health. The use of LCS beverages may be an effective strategy to help control energy intake and promote weight loss. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of evidence on the potential adverse effects of LCS beverages relative to potential benefits. On the basis of the available evidence, the writing group concluded that, at this time, it is prudent to advise against prolonged consumption of LCS beverages by children. (Although water is the optimal beverage choice, children with diabetes mellitus who consume a balanced diet and closely monitor their blood glucose may be able to prevent excessive glucose excursions by substituting LCS beverages for sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs] when needed.) For adults who are habitually high consumers of SSBs, the writing group concluded that LCS beverages may be a useful replacement strategy to reduce intake of SSBs. This approach may be particularly helpful for persons who are habituated to a sweet-tasting beverage and for whom water, at least initially, is an undesirable option. Encouragingly, self-reported consumption of both SSBs and LCS beverages has been declining in the United States, suggesting that it is feasible to reduce SSB intake without necessarily substituting LCS beverages for SSBs. Thus, the use of other alternatives to SSBs, with a focus on water (plain, carbonated, and unsweetened flavored), should be encouraged.
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- 2018
67. Remote Dietary Counseling Using Smartphone Applications in Patients With Stages 1-3a Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
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Melissa M. Melough, Lisa Bailey-Davis, Sara Kwiecen, Vonda Hetherington, Alex R. Chang, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Charlotte Collins, Elisabeth Graboski, Christina Yule, and Anna Ziegler
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0301 basic medicine ,Counseling ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030232 urology & nephrology ,MEDLINE ,Motivational interviewing ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Smartphone application ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Telephone counseling ,Dietary counseling ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Mobile Applications ,Telemedicine ,Blood pressure ,Nephrology ,Physical therapy ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,Smartphone ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Although healthy dietary patterns are associated with decreased mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), few patients receive dietitian counseling due to concerns such as dietitian availability, travel distance, and cost. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of dietary smartphone application-supported telecounseling to reduce sodium intake and improve dietary quality in patients with early CKD.This was a pre-post, mixed methods feasibility study of 16 patients with Stage 1-3a CKD in central/northeast Pennsylvania. Patients recorded and shared dietary data via smartphone applications with registered dietitians, who used motivational interviewing to provide telephone counseling weekly for 8 weeks. Seven patients were assigned to a customized study-specific application and nine patients to a commercially available, free application (MyFitnessPal). Participant satisfaction was assessed via survey, and participants were invited to complete a semistructured interview. Outcomes assessed included sodium intake, Healthy Eating Index 2015 score, weight, and 24-hour blood pressure (BP).Mean age was 64.7 years, 31% were female, 100% were white, 13% had income$25,000. Adherence was excellent with 14 (88%) entering dietary data at least 75% of total days. Patients reported high satisfaction with the intervention and dietitian telecounseling. Use of dietary apps was viewed positively for allowing tracking of sodium and energy intake although some participants experienced functionality issues with the customized application that were not generally experienced by those using the commercially available free application. Sodium intake (-604 mg/day, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1,104 to -104), Healthy Eating Index 2015 score (3.97, 95% CI: 0.03-7.91), weight (-3.4, 95% CI: -6.6 to -0.1), daytime systolic BP (-5.8, 95% CI: -12.1 to 0.6), and daytime diastolic BP (-4.1, 95% CI: -7.9 to -0.2) improved after the intervention.An application-supported telecounseling program with a registered dietitian appears to be a feasible and well-accepted strategy to improve dietary quality and improve cardiovascular risk factors in patients with early kidney disease.
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- 2018
68. Central Obesity in Older Adults: What Should Be the Priority?
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Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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Male ,Aging ,obesity ,Epidemiology ,Myocardial Infarction ,Adipose tissue ,Physiology ,Coronary Disease ,Intra-Abdominal Fat ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cardiovascular Disease ,medicine ,Body Fat Distribution ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,visceral adipose tissue ,Adiposity ,Original Research ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Aged, 80 and over ,android gynoid fat mass ratio ,central obesity ,dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry ,central adiposity ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Editorials ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,cardiovascular outcomes ,Stroke ,obesity paradox ,Editorial ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Obesity, Abdominal ,Multivariate Analysis ,Body Composition ,Central Adiposity ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Obesity paradox - Abstract
Background Visceral adipose tissue ( VAT ) and other measures of central obesity predict incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( ASCVD ) events in middle-aged individuals, but these associations are less certain in older individuals age 70 years and older. Our objective was to estimate the associations of VAT and the android-gynoid fat mass ratio, another measure of central obesity, with incident ASCVD events among a large cohort of older men. Methods and Results Two thousand eight hundred ninety-nine men (mean [ SD ] age 76.3 [5.5] years) enrolled in the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men study had rigorous adjudication of incident ASCVD events (myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, or fatal or nonfatal stroke). We used proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratios for incident ASCVD per SD increase of VAT or android-gynoid fat mass ratio (measured at baseline with dual-energy absorptiometry), adjusted for age, race, education, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, oxidized low-density lipoprotein level, treatment for hypertension, statin use, aspirin use, presence of diabetes mellitus, and study enrollment site. Over a mean ( SD ) follow-up period of 7.9 (3.4) years, 424 men (14.6%) had an incident ASCVD event. Neither VAT nor android-gynoid fat mass ratio were associated with incident ASCVD events, either unadjusted or after multivariable-adjustment (hazard ratios [95% confidence interval ] per SD increase 1.02 [0.92-1.13] and 1.05 [0.95-1.17], respectively). Conclusions Central adipose tissue, as measured by VAT or android-gynoid fat mass ratio, was not associated with incident ASCVD events in this study of older men.
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- 2018
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69. The SPRINT trial suggests that markers of tubule cell function in the urine associate with risk of subsequent acute kidney injury while injury markers elevate after the injury
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James P. Lash, Alexandra K. Lee, Michelle M. Estrella, Henry Punzi, Chirag R. Parikh, Areef Ishani, William E. Haley, Alexander L. Bullen, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Vasantha Jotwani, Pranav S. Garimella, Rakesh Malhotra, Ronit Katz, Erik Riessen, Javier A. Neyra, Alfred K. Cheung, Michael G. Shlipak, Anjay Rastogi, Udayan Bhatt, Michael V. Rocco, Barry M. Wall, and Joachim H. Ix
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Kidney Disease ,Tamm–Horsfall protein ,uromodulin ,030232 urology & nephrology ,urologic and male genital diseases ,interleukin-18 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,80 and over ,Renal Insufficiency ,Longitudinal Studies ,Chronic ,Aged, 80 and over ,biology ,Reabsorption ,Hazard ratio ,Acute kidney injury ,Interleukin-18 ,neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ,Urology & Nephrology ,Acute Kidney Injury ,Middle Aged ,Kidney Tubules ,Nephrology ,chitinase-3-like protein ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,medicine.medical_specialty ,beta-2 microglobulin ,Clinical Sciences ,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ,Renal and urogenital ,Urology ,Renal function ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,alpha-1 microglobulin ,03 medical and health sciences ,Lipocalin-2 ,Clinical Research ,Alpha-Globulins ,Uromodulin ,medicine ,Albuminuria ,Humans ,Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,kidney injury molecule-1 ,Aged ,business.industry ,urogenital system ,Prevention ,medicine.disease ,Renal Reabsorption ,Good Health and Well Being ,030104 developmental biology ,Blood pressure ,biology.protein ,Alpha-1-microglobulin ,business ,Biomarkers ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Urine markers can quantify tubular function including reabsorption (α-1 microglobulin [α1m]) and β-2-microglobulin [β2m]) and protein synthesis (uromodulin). Individuals with tubular dysfunction may be less able to compensate to insults than those without, despite similar estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. Among Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) participants with an eGFR under 60 ml/min/1.73m2, we measured urine markers of tubular function and injury (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1], interleukin-18 [IL-18], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and chitinase-3-like protein [YKL-40]) at baseline. Cox models evaluated associations with subsequent acute kidney injury (AKI) risk, adjusting for clinical risk factors, baseline eGFR and albuminuria, and the tubular function and injury markers. In a random subset, we remeasured biomarkers after four years, and compared changes in biomarkers in those with and without intervening AKI. Among 2351 participants, 184 experienced AKI during 3.8 years mean follow-up. Lower uromodulin (hazard ratio per two-fold higher (0.68, 95% confidence interval [0.56, 0.83]) and higher α1m (1.20; [1.01, 1.44]) were associated with subsequent AKI, independent of eGFR and albuminuria. None of the five injury markers were associated with eventual AKI. In the random subset of 947 patients with repeated measurements, the 59 patients with intervening AKI versus without had longitudinal increases in urine NGAL, IL-19, and YKL-40 and only 1 marker of tubule function (α1m). Thus, joint evaluation of tubule function and injury provided novel insights to factors predisposing to AKI, and responses to kidney injury.
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- 2018
70. Predictors of Net Acid Excretion in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
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Landon Brown, Alison Luciano, Jane Pendergast, Pascale Khairallah, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, James Sondheimer, L. Lee Hamm, Ana C. Ricardo, Panduranga Rao, Mahboob Rahman, Edgar R. Miller, Daohang Sha, Dawei Xie, Harold I. Feldman, John Asplin, Myles Wolf, Julia J. Scialla, Lawrence J. Appel, Alan S. Go, Jiang He, John W. Kusek, James P. Lash, Panduranga S. Rao, and Raymond R. Townsend
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Renal function ,Urine ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,Insulin resistance ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Ammonium Compounds ,medicine ,Humans ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Aged ,Body surface area ,business.industry ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Nephrology ,Female ,Net acid excretion ,business ,Body mass index ,Kidney disease - Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Higher urine net acid excretion (NAE) is associated with slower chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus. To better understand potential mechanisms and assess modifiable components, we evaluated independent predictors of NAE in the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: A randomly selected subcohort of adults with CKD, enrolled in the CRIC Study, with measurements of NAE. PREDICTORS: A comprehensive set of variables across pre-specified domains including demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory values, diet, physical activity, and body composition OUTCOME: 24h urine NAE ANALYTICAL APPROACH: NAE was defined as the sum of urine ammonium and calculated titratable acidity in a subset of CRIC participants. A total of 22 individuals were excluded for urine pH
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- 2018
71. Percentage of ingested sodium excreted in 24-hour urine collections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Rachael McLean, Feng J. He, Mary E. Cogswell, Mary R. L’Abbé, Graham A. MacGregor, Mark Woodward, Bruce Neal, Doreen M. Rabi, Paul K. Whelton, Aaron M. Lucko, Norm R.C. Campbell, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, JoAnne Arcand, and Chelsea Doktorchik
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Male ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Sodium ,TRUE Consortium ,MEDLINE ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Physiology ,Review ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sodium Chloride, Dietary ,Meals ,1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,24 h urine ,Urine Specimen Collection ,business.industry ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,Diet ,chemistry ,1101 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Meta-analysis ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
24 hr. urine sodium excretion is generally regarded as the ‘gold’ standard for assessing dietary sodium in population and epidemiological studies. This review examines the percentage of dietary sodium that is excreted in a 24 hr. urine collection. We systematically searched for all studies where a known and constant amount of dietary sodium was ingested for a minimum of 3 days and where sodium excretion in 24 hr. urine collections was measured. Studies with ‘healthy’ adult participants, or participants with health risks such as hypertension, were considered. 5264 unique studies were identified in the search; 392 underwent a full-text review and 35 studies were included. The pooled estimate for the percentage dietary sodium excreted in urine was 92.8% (95% confidence interval 90.7, 95.0) with little to no differences in subgroup analyses. There was high heterogeneity between studies, indicating that caution is required in interpreting the average percentage excretion, however, lack of study methodological rigor is likely to have contributed to the high heterogeneity. Although the generally high variability in sodium intake indicates that results from a single 24 hr. urine collection should not be used to assess an individual’s usual long-term sodium intake, this meta-analysis suggests that it is an appropriate method for assessing average dietary sodium in a healthy population or people with chronic stable health risks.
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- 2018
72. Metabolically healthy obesity, transition to metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk
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Pamela Ouyang, Christopher T. Sibley, Nowreen Haq, Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin, Gregory L. Burke, Rita R. Kalyani, Russell P. Tracy, Meredith C. Foster, Mark Woodward, Dhananjay Vaidya, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Logistic regression ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Metabolically healthy obesity ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Obesity ,Aged ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Obesity, Metabolically Benign ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Confidence interval ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background: Debate over the cardiometabolic risk associated with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) continues. Many studies have investigated this relationship by examining MHO at baseline with longitudinal follow-up, with inconsistent results. Objectives: The authors hypothesized that MHO at baseline is transient and that transition to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and duration of MetS explains heterogeneity in incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Methods: Among 6,809 participants of the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) the authors used Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models to investigate the joint association of obesity (≥30 kg/m2) and MetS (International Diabetes Federation consensus definition) with CVD and mortality across a median of 12.2 years. We tested for interaction and conducted sensitivity analyses for a number of conditions. Results: Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight, baseline MHO was not significantly associated with incident CVD; however, almost one-half of those participants developed MetS during follow-up (unstable MHO). Those who had unstable MHO had increased odds of CVD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14 to 2.25), compared with those with stable MHO or healthy normal weight. Dose response for duration of MetS was significantly and linearly associated with CVD (1 visit with MetS OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.07; 2 visits, OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.48 to 2.49; 3+ visits, OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.89 to 2.87; p value for trend Conclusion: Metabolically healthy obesity is not a stable or reliable indicator of future risk for CVD. Weight loss and lifestyle management for CVD risk factors should be recommended to all individuals with obesity.
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- 2018
73. Fruit and Vegetable Intake of US Hispanics by Food Store Type: Findings from NHANES
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Elva M. Arredondo, Maria Elena Martinez, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Guadalupe X. Ayala, George E. Belch, and Jennifer C Sanchez-Flack
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Male ,and promotion of well-being ,Health (social science) ,Retail food environment ,Sociology and Political Science ,Cardiovascular ,0302 clinical medicine ,Vegetables ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cancer ,Health Policy ,Commerce ,food and beverages ,Hispanic or Latino ,Nutrition Surveys ,Dietary behaviors ,Food store type ,Public Health and Health Services ,Zero Hunger ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Retail food environmentᅟ ,Adult ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,Fruit and vegetable intake ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fruit and vegetableᅟintake ,Environmental health ,Food purchasing ,Food store ,Humans ,Obesity ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Nutrition ,Quality of Life Research ,030505 public health ,Hispanic health ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,United States ,Anthropology ,Fruits and vegetables ,Fruit ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,business - Abstract
This study examined fruit and vegetable intake by food store type shopped among US Hispanics. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 data, T test and chi-square tests examined differences between Hispanic consumers by food store type. Negative binomial regression analyses estimated associations between fruit and vegetable intake and food store type. Hispanics who only purchased fruits and vegetables from convenience stores were younger and more likely US born. They reported lower intakes of fruit and vegetables than individuals who purchased these foods from supermarket/grocery stores. Those who primarily purchased fruits and vegetables from supermarkets/grocery stores consumed 0.92 (p
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- 2018
74. Abstract P252: The Effects of Sodium Reduction on Metabolism and Thirst
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Stephen P. Juraschek, Edgar R. Miller, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, John E. Hall, Lawrence J. Appel, and Alex R. Chang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Catabolism ,Sodium ,High sodium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Metabolism ,Thirst ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Weight loss ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Animal studies ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Sodium reduction - Abstract
Background: Recent studies challenge the traditional understanding of sodium physiology. Some animal studies suggest that high sodium intake may induce catabolism, leading to weight loss. Other studies suggest that high sodium intake might reduce, rather than increase, thirst. Hypothesis: Higher sodium intake increases thirst, fluid intake, and sodium excretion without altering energy intake or lowering weight. Methods: In the DASH-Sodium feeding study, adults with pre- or stage 1 hypertension without antihypertensive medications, were randomly assigned to the DASH diet or a control diet. On their assigned diet, participants consumed each of three sodium levels for 4 weeks (randomized crossover design). Participants were provided all meals, but could drink water freely. Throughout the trial, calorie intake was adjusted to keep weight constant. The three sodium levels (at 2100 kcal/d) were: low (1150 mg), medium (2300 mg), and high (3450 mg). Weight, energy intake, self-reported thirst, urine volume, plasma renin, serum aldosterone, urine osmolality, and urine sodium excretion were assessed at the end of each period. Results: Among 412 participants (57% women, 57% black, mean age 48 yrs), weight increased slightly with higher sodium on the control diet, but not the DASH diet; energy intake did not vary across sodium levels in both diets ( P -trends > 0.34) ( Table ). In contrast, participants reported more thirst with high vs low sodium (both diets P -trends < 0.001) and potentially higher fluid intake (urine volume) during the control diet (1,566 vs 1,491 ml on high vs low sodium; P -trend = 0.07). On both diets, plasma renin and serum aldosterone were lower with higher sodium (each P -trend < 0.001). Likewise, both urine osmolality and sodium excretion were higher with higher sodium intake (all P -trends < 0.001). Conclusions: Higher sodium intake did not alter energy intake, but did increase thirst and sodium excretion. These findings are consistent with the traditional understanding of the physiology of excess dietary sodium intake.
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- 2018
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75. Effects of Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Related Risk Factors
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Mei Chung, Marika Booth, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Jody Larkin, Joyce Marks, Roberta M. Shanman, Sydne J Newberry, Aneesa Motala, Simon Hollands, Alice M. Tang, Naisi Zhao, Zhuxuan Fu, Susanne Hempel, and Christine Chen
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Potassium intake ,Chronic disease ,Dietary Sodium ,business.industry ,Physiology ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2018
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76. Nutrition education in the care of patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease
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Hoang Anh Nguyen and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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Counseling ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition Education ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Nutritional Status ,Disease ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Risk Assessment ,End stage renal disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Patient Education as Topic ,Diabetes mellitus ,Diet, Protein-Restricted ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Nutritionists ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Intensive care medicine ,business.industry ,Dietary management ,Diet, Sodium-Restricted ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Obesity ,Survival Analysis ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,United States ,Nephrology ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,business ,Risk assessment ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Diet counseling and nutrition education are recommended in the prevention and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The importance of effectively addressing nutrition with patients has grown given the increasing prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes; conditions which influence CKD/ESRD. Dietary advice for individuals with CKD/ESRD can be seen as complex; and successful dietary management requires careful planning, periodic assessment of nutritional status, as well as monitoring of dietary compliance. In spite of recommendations and pressing need, formal training in nutrition and adequate preparation for providers is limited; and for physicians the lack of nutrition education has been acknowledged, repeatedly, as an area for improvement in medical training curricula. It has also been suggested that dietitians have an essential role in management of CKD in the primary care setting; however, dietitians who do not practice renal education daily may need training on the specific challenges in CKD/ESRD. The objectives of this chapter were to: characterize select nutrition education resources for providers who care for patients with CKD/ESRD; summarize key dietary components emphasized in the care of patients with CKD/ESRD; and address practical considerations in educational efforts focused on nutrition and CKD/ESRD.
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- 2018
77. Inventory on the dietary assessment tools available and needed in Africa : a prerequisite for setting up a common methodological research infrastructure for nutritional surveillance, research, and prevention of diet-related non-communicable diseases
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Annamarie Kruger, Jephat Chifamba, Mieke Faber, Hélène Delisle, Alexander A Kalimbira, Foudjo Brice U Saha, Barrie Margetts, Nonsikelelo Mathe, Warren T K Lee, Sahar Zaghloul, Omar Dary, Jalila El Ati, O.R. Aderibigbe, Waliou Hounkpatin Amoussa, Alex Mokori, Ayoub Al Jawaldeh, Pedro T. Pisa, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Francis Zotor, Johann C. Jerling, Shane A. Norris, Karima El Rhazi, Yves Martin-Prével, Nadia Slimani, Kingsley Ikechukwu Ubaoji, C Mahachi, Claire Mouquet-Rivier, Francesco Branca, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, James Ledo, Catherine Mutie, M. Atek, Chakare Benhura, Inge Huybrechts, Hester H Vorster, Namukolo Covic, Tatenda Machiweni, Hilde Liisa Nashandi, Liisa Korkalo, Catherine Leclercq, Zo Rambeloson, Paul Amuna, Christine M. Friedenreich, O.O. Onabanjo, Edwige Landais, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Department of Food and Nutrition, Family nutrition and wellbeing, 10055355 - Vorster, Hester Hendrina, 10075410 - Jerling, Johann Carl, 10062416 - Kruger, Annamarie, and 12912654 - Covic, Namukolo Margaret
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0301 basic medicine ,Dietary assessment ,RECALL METHOD ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Nutrition Policy ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Medicine ,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES ,Reliability (statistics) ,AS-PADAM ,2. Zero hunger ,Environmental resource management ,Inventory ,Food frequency questionnaire ,dietary assessment ,General Medicine ,EUROPEAN CENTERS ,Diet Records ,3. Good health ,Nutrition Disorders ,Research Design ,CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE ,Methodological research ,SOUTH-AFRICAN ,Physical activity ,Nutritional Status ,Common method ,Afica ,Diet Surveys ,Tools ,03 medical and health sciences ,Environmental health ,Humans ,METHOD EPIC-SOFT ,Exercise ,FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Diet ,Nutrition Assessment ,PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY ,Dietary recall ,416 Food Science ,Mental Recall ,tools ,Africa ,NORTH-WEST PROVINCE ,POTASSIUM INTAKE ,business ,Software ,Food Science - Abstract
Objective: To carry out an inventory on the availability, challenges, and needs of dietary assessment (DA) methods in Africa as a pre-requisite to provide evidence, and set directions (strategies) for implementing common dietary methods and support web-research infrastructure across countries. Methods: The inventory was performed within the framework of the " Africa's Study on Physical Activity and Dietary Assessment Methods" (AS-PADAM) project. It involves international institutional and African networks. An inventory questionnaire was developed and disseminated through the networks. Eighteen countries responded to the dietary inventory questionnaire. Results: Various DA tools were reported in Africa; 24-Hour Dietary Recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire were the most commonly used tools. Few tools were validated and tested for reliability. Face-to-face interview was the common method of administration. No computerized software or other new (web) technologies were reported. No tools were standardized across countries. Conclusions: The lack of comparable DA methods across represented countries is a major obstacle to implement comprehensive and joint nutrition-related programmes for surveillance, programme evaluation, research, and prevention. There is a need to develop new or adapt existing DA methods across countries by employing related research infrastructure that has been validated and standardized in other settings, with the view to standardizing methods for wider use.
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- 2018
78. Food Access, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Hypertension in the U.S
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L. Ebony Boulware, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Tamara Isakova, Jonathan J. Suarez, Myles Wolf, and Julia J. Scialla
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Adult ,Male ,Gerontology ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,Epidemiology ,Nutritional Status ,Family income ,Article ,Food Supply ,Environmental health ,Food desert ,Humans ,Medicine ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Poverty ,Likelihood Functions ,Median income ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,Nutrition Surveys ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Blood pressure ,Hypertension ,Female ,Residence ,Rural area ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Greater distance to full-service supermarkets and low income may impair access to healthy diets and contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. The study aim was to determine relationships among residence in a "food desert," low income, CKD, and blood pressure.Adults in the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N=22,173) were linked to food desert data (www.ers.usda.gov) by Census Tracts. Food deserts have low median income and are further from a supermarket or large grocery store (1 mile in urban areas,10 miles in rural areas). Weighted regression was used to determine the association of residence in a food desert and family income with dietary intake; systolic blood pressure (SBP); and odds of CKD. Data analysis was performed in 2014-2015.Compared with those not in food deserts, participants residing in food deserts had lower levels of serum carotenoids (p0.01), a biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake, and higher SBP (1.53 mmHg higher, 95% CI=0.41, 2.66) after adjustment for demographics and income. Residence in a food desert was not associated with odds of CKD (OR=1.20, 95% CI=0.96, 1.49). Lower, versus higher, income was associated with lower serum carotenoids (p0.01) and higher SBP (2.00 mmHg higher for income-poverty ratio ≤1 vs3, 95% CI=1.12, 2.89), but also greater odds of CKD (OR=1.76 for income-poverty ratio ≤1 vs3, 95% CI=1.48, 2.10).Limited access to healthy food due to geographic or financial barriers could be targeted for prevention of CKD and hypertension.
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- 2015
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79. Effects of a behavioral intervention that emphasizes spices and herbs on adherence to recommended sodium intake: results of the SPICE randomized clinical trial
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Edgar R. Miller, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Jeanne Charleston, Lawrence J. Appel, Toshiko Tanaka, Annette Hottenstein, Mark Woodward, Letitia Thomas, Laura K. Cobb, Alex R. Chang, Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin, and Karen White
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Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Calorie ,business.industry ,Urinary system ,Sodium ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,medicine.disease ,law.invention ,Clinical trial ,Excretion ,Randomized controlled trial ,chemistry ,law ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Background: For decades, dietary sodium intake in the United States has remained high, and few studies have examined strategies for maintaining recommended intakes. Objective: We examined the effects of a behavioral intervention, which emphasized spices and herbs, on the maintenance of sodium intake at the recommended intake of 1500 mg/d in individuals to whom the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans apply. Design: We conducted a 2-phase study that included adults ≥18 y of age for whom Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 1500 mg Na/d. The study was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland, from 2012 to 2014. In phase 1, 55 individuals consumed a low-sodium diet for 4 wk. Participants were provided all foods, snacks, and calorie-containing drinks. In phase 2, 40 participants from phase 1 were randomly assigned to either a behavioral intervention to reduce sodium intake (n = 20) or a self-directed control group (n = 20) for 20 wk. The primary study outcome was the change in mean 24-h urinary sodium excretion during phase 2. Linear regression analyses were used to determine intervention effects on urinary sodium excretion. Results: Participant characteristics were as follows: women: 65%; African American: 88%; hypertension: 63%; diabetes: 18%; mean age: 61 y; and mean body mass index (in kg/m2): 30. At the end of phase 2, mean 24-h sodium excretion was lower in the behavioral intervention than in the self-directed group (mean difference: −956.8 mg/d; 95% CI: −1538.7, −374.9 mg/d) after sodium intake at screening was controlled for (P = 0.002). These findings persisted in sensitivity analyses that excluded potentially incomplete urine collections [Mage’s equation mean difference: −1090 mg/d (P = 0.001); Joosens’ equation mean difference: −796 mg/d (P = 0.04)]. Conclusions: A multifactorial behavioral intervention emphasizing spices and herbs significantly reduced sodium intake. Because of the ubiquity of sodium in the US food supply, multilevel strategies addressing individual behaviors and the food supply are needed to improve adherence to recommendations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01615159","term_id":"NCT01615159"}}NCT01615159.
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- 2015
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80. Prenatal depression
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Carol Lieser and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Nurse practitioners ,Nursing assessment ,Maternal-child nursing ,Prenatal care ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Nurse Practitioners ,Nursing Assessment ,General Nursing ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Mass screening ,Maternal-Child Nursing ,Depression ,business.industry ,Prenatal Care ,medicine.disease ,Family medicine ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Female ,Pregnant Women ,business - Abstract
Frequently undiagnosed and untreated, prenatal depression affects approximately one in four childbearing women. Screening and appropriate management is essential to prevent adverse consequences to both the woman and her unborn infant. Early conversations between the woman and her nurse practitioner are essential to making medical management decisions.
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- 2015
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81. The relationship of the local food environment with obesity: A systematic review of methods, study quality, and results
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Lawrence J. Appel, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Alana Nur, Jessica C. Jones-Smith, Manuel Franco, and Laura K. Cobb
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2. Zero hunger ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Study quality ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Null (mathematics) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,medicine.disease ,Affect (psychology) ,Obesity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Quality (business) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Limited evidence ,business ,Lower income ,Food environment ,media_common - Abstract
Objective To examine the relationship between local food environments and obesity and assess the quality of studies reviewed. Methods Systematic keyword searches identified studies from US and Canada that assessed the relationship of obesity to local food environments. We applied a quality metric based on design, exposure and outcome measurement, and analysis. Results We identified 71 studies representing 65 cohorts. Overall, study quality was low; 60 studies were cross-sectional. Associations between food outlet availability and obesity were predominantly null. Among non-null associations, we saw a trend toward inverse associations between supermarket availability and obesity (22 negative, 4 positive, 67 null) and direct associations between fast food and obesity (29 positive, 6 negative, 71 null) in adults. We saw direct associations between fast food availability and obesity in lower income children (12 positive, 7 null). Indices including multiple food outlets were most consistently associated with obesity in adults (18 expected, 1 not expected, 17 null). Limiting to higher quality studies did not affect results. Conclusions Despite the large number of studies, we found limited evidence for associations between local food environments and obesity. The predominantly null associations should be interpreted cautiously due to the low quality of available studies.
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- 2015
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82. Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Metabolic Risk Factors in South Asians Living in the United States
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Namratha R. Kandula, Alka M. Kanaya, Meghana D. Gadgil, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,Aging ,Nutrition and Disease ,Cross-sectional study ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Physiology ,Cardiovascular ,Hemoglobins ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Vegetables ,80 and over ,South Asian ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Insulin ,Aetiology ,Aged, 80 and over ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Principal Component Analysis ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,diabetes ,Fasting ,Middle Aged ,Cholesterol ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,HDL ,dietary patterns ,metabolic syndrome ,LDL ,Food Sciences ,Insulin resistance ,Animal Production ,Asian People ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Triglycerides ,Nutrition ,Aged ,Nutrition & Dietetics ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Feeding Behavior ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Fruit ,Linear Models ,Dairy Products ,Glycated hemoglobin ,atherosclerosis ,Metabolic syndrome ,Energy Intake ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Background: South Asians are at high risk of metabolic syndrome, and dietary patterns may influence this risk. Objective: We aimed to determine prevalent dietary patterns for South Asians in the United States and their associations with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Methods: South Asians aged 40‐84 y without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a community-based cohort called Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America. A validated food frequency questionnaire and serum samples for fasting and 2-h glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and total and HDL cholesterol were collected cross-sectionally. We used principal component analysis with varimax rotation to determine dietary patterns, and sequential linear and logistic regression models for associations with metabolic factors. Results: A total of 892 participants were included (47% women). We identified 3 major dietary patterns: animal protein; fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy; and fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. These were analyzed by tertile of factor score. The highest vs. the lowest tertile of the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy pattern was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (b: 1.88 mmol/L uIU/L) and lower HDL cholesterol (b: 24.48 mg/dL) in a model adjusted for age, sex, study site, and caloric intake (P < 0.05). The animal protein pattern was associated with higher body mass index (b: 0.73 m/kg 2 ), waist circumference (b: 0.84 cm), total cholesterol (b: 8.16 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol (b: 5.69mg/dL) (allP< 0.05). The fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumespatternwas associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR: 0.63) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.53), and lower HOMA-IR (b: 1.95 mmol/L uIU/L) (P
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- 2015
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83. Commentary on Making Sense of the Science of Sodium
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Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Emily Ann Miller, and Rachel K. Johnson
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Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Public health ,Sodium ,Population ,Alternative medicine ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Dietary pattern ,Health outcomes ,chemistry ,Commentary ,medicine ,Disease risk ,Observational study ,education ,business - Abstract
Sodium reduction is an important component of a healthy dietary pattern to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Numerous authoritative scientific bodies and professional health organizations have issued population sodium intake recommendations, all of which are at least 1000 mg/d lower than the current average American sodium intake of nearly 3500 mg/d. Recent research has called these recommendations into question, but a number of methodological issues may account for the inconsistency of results in observational studies examining the relationship between sodium intake and health outcomes. Health and nutrition professionals must consider that public health recommendations are made after weighing all of the evidence, including studies of greater and lesser strength of design and some with conflicting results.
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- 2015
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84. Contents Vol. 42, 2015
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Bhagwan Dass, Druckerei Stückle, Deidra C. Crews, Lawrence J. Appel, Srinivasan Beddhu, Maggie K.M. Ma, Christina M. Yuan, Weng In Lio, Benjamin D. Horne, Gregory B. Russell, Anthony K.C. Hau, Verena Gounden, Josef Coresh, Morgan E. Grams, April Chang-Miller, Ignacio Garcia-Gomez, Sunny H. Wong, Thomas C. Register, Carolyn Brecklin, Un I Kuok, Donald W. Bowden, Raymond O. McCubrey, Ka Foon Chau, Susan Carrie Smith, Krishnamurthy P. Gudehithlu, Lyn M. Steffen, Jane Vernik, Peter Hart, Keith A. Hruska, Tsz Hoi Kwan, Barry I. Freedman, Nicholette D. Palmer, Jasmin Divers, Alison Pruziner, Brett J. Theeler, Allen Rassa, Stephen W. Olson, Donald R. Morris, Mark Kraus, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Michiko Shimada, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Jose A.L. Arruda, Sydney C.W. Tang, Chun Hay Tam, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, George Dunea, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, Kawther F. Alquadan, Mira T. Keddis, A. Ahsan Ejaz, Sonia Q. Doi, Dustin J. Little, Hoi Wong Chan, Sierra C. Simmons, Carl D. Langefeld, Mehmet Kanbay, Casey M. Rebholz, R. Caresse Hightower, Tami L Bair, Gary C.W. Chan, David Cimbaluk, Andrew K.M. Wong, Kin Yee Lo, Maxwell L. Smith, Richard J. Johnson, Kevin C. Abbott, Anskar Y.H. Leung, Jianzhao Xu, J. Jeffrey Carr, Ashok Kumar Singh, John S. Thurlow, Xiaorui Chen, Ivy Wong, and Samuel K.S. Fung
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Traditional medicine ,Nephrology ,business.industry ,Physiology ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2015
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85. Dietary Acid Load and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from the ARIC Study
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Deidra C. Crews, Lyn M. Steffen, Lawrence J. Appel, Josef Coresh, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Morgan E. Grams, and Casey M. Rebholz
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Renal function ,Kidney ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Bioinformatics ,Gastroenterology ,Article ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Magnesium ,Prospective Studies ,Registries ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Kidney metabolism ,Metabolic acidosis ,Feeding Behavior ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Diet ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Nephrology ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Female ,Dietary Proteins ,Acidosis ,business ,Acids ,Follow-Up Studies ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Background: Higher dietary acid load can result in metabolic acidosis and is associated with faster kidney disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relationship between dietary acid load and incident CKD has not been evaluated. Methods: We conducted prospective analyses of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants without CKD at baseline (1987-1989, n = 15,055). Dietary acid load was estimated using the equation for potential renal acid load by Remer and Manz, incorporating dietary intake data from a food frequency questionnaire. Incident CKD was assessed from baseline through 2010 and defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 2 accompanied by 25% eGFR decline, CKD-related hospitalization or death or end-stage renal disease identified by linkage to the US Renal Data System registry. Results: In the overall study population, 55% were female, 26% were African-American and mean age at baseline was 54 years. During a median follow-up of 21 years, there were 2,351 (15.6%) incident CKD cases. After adjusting for demographics (age, sex, race-center), established risk factors (diabetes status, hypertension status, overweight/obese status, smoking status, education level, physical activity), caloric intake and baseline eGFR, higher dietary acid load were associated with higher risk of incident CKD (hazard ratio [HR] for quartile 4 vs. 1: 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.28, p for trend = 0.02; HR per interquartile range increase: 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.11, p = 0.04). Conclusion: Dietary acid load is associated with incident CKD in a population-based sample. These data suggest a potential avenue for CKD risk reduction through diet.
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- 2015
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86. Cardiovascular Health in African Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
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Jia Pu, Alain G. Bertoni, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Monte S. Willis, Clyde W. Yancy, Herman A. Taylor, Mahasin S. Mujahid, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, George Howard, Michelle A. Albert, and Latha Palaniappan
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Gerontology ,Statement (logic) ,Cardiovascular health ,Disease ,Comorbidity ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Physiology (medical) ,Preventive Health Services ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Obesity ,Association (psychology) ,Life Style ,business.industry ,Incidence ,American Heart Association ,Health Status Disparities ,Prognosis ,United States ,Black or African American ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Hypertension ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Risk Reduction Behavior - Abstract
Background and Purpose: Population-wide reductions in cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality have not been shared equally by African Americans. The burden of cardiovascular disease in the African American community remains high and is a primary cause of disparities in life expectancy between African Americans and whites. The objectives of the present scientific statement are to describe cardiovascular health in African Americans and to highlight unique considerations for disease prevention and management. Method: The primary sources of information were identified with PubMed/Medline and online sources from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: The higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk) underlies the relatively earlier age of onset of cardiovascular diseases among African Americans. Hypertension in particular is highly prevalent among African Americans and contributes directly to the notable disparities in stroke, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease among African Americans. Despite the availability of effective pharmacotherapies and indications for some tailored pharmacotherapies for African Americans (eg, heart failure medications), disease management is less effective among African Americans, yielding higher mortality. Explanations for these persistent disparities in cardiovascular disease are multifactorial and span from the individual level to the social environment. Conclusions: The strategies needed to promote equity in the cardiovascular health of African Americans require input from a broad set of stakeholders, including clinicians and researchers from across multiple disciplines.
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- 2017
87. Examination of the Relationship between In-Store Environmental Factors and Fruit and Vegetable Purchasing among Hispanics
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Shih-Fan Lin, Julie L. Pickrel, George E. Belch, Guadalupe X. Ayala, Maria Elena Martinez, Elva M. Arredondo, Jennifer C Sanchez-Flack, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological intervention ,lcsh:Medicine ,Toxicology ,Choice Behavior ,California ,Article ,Latino hispanic ,Food Supply ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Preferences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Promotion (rank) ,Retail food ,Environmental health ,Vegetables ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Latinos/Hispanics ,Nutrition ,media_common ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Prevention ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Commerce ,Baseline data ,Hispanic or Latino ,Middle Aged ,Purchasing ,Product availability ,consumer food environment ,store audits ,Fruit ,Female ,Hispanic Americans ,Psychology - Abstract
Retail food environments have received attention for their influence on dietary behaviors and for their nutrition intervention potential. To improve diet-related behaviors, such as fruit and vegetable (FV) purchasing, it is important to examine its relationship with in-store environmental characteristics. This study used baseline data from the "El Valor de Nuestra Salud" study to examine how in-store environmental characteristics, such as product availability, placement and promotion, were associated with FV purchasing among Hispanic customers in San Diego County. Mixed linear regression models indicated that greater availability of fresh FVs was associated with a $0.36 increase in FV purchasing (p = 0.01). Placement variables, specifically each additional square foot of display space dedicated to FVs (p = 0.01) and each additional fresh FV display (p = 0.01), were associated with a $0.02 increase and $0.29 decrease, respectively, in FV purchasing. Introducing FV promotions in the final model was not related to FV purchasing. Exploratory analyses indicated that men reported spending $3.69 fewer dollars on FVs compared to women, controlling for covariates (p = 0.02). These results can help inform interventions targeting in-store environmental characteristics to encourage FV purchasing among Hispanics.
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- 2017
88. Dietary Phosphorus Intake and the Kidney
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Cheryl A.M. Anderson and Alex R. Chang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Renal function ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Kidney ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Phosphorus ,Phosphate ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Diet, Western ,Albuminuria ,Phosphorus, Dietary ,medicine.symptom ,Essential nutrient ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Although phosphorus is an essential nutrient required for multiple physiological functions, recent research raises concerns that high phosphorus intake could have detrimental effects on health. Phosphorus is abundant in the food supply of developed countries, occurring naturally in protein-rich foods and as an additive in processed foods. High phosphorus intake can cause vascular and renal calcification, renal tubular injury, and premature death in multiple animal models. Small studies in human suggest that high phosphorus intake may result in positive phosphorus balance and correlate with renal calcification and albuminuria. Although serum phosphorus is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, progression of kidney disease, and death, limited data exist linking high phosphorus intake directly to adverse clinical outcomes. Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether phosphorus intake is a modifiable risk factor for kidney disease.
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- 2017
89. Variation in Sodium Intake and Intra-individual Change in Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease
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Martha S. Persky, Chetna M. Pathak, Joachim H. Ix, Tyler B. Woodell, Geoffrey A. Block, Dena E. Rifkin, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, and Gerard Smits
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sodium ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Physiology ,Renal function ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Blood Pressure ,Article ,law.invention ,Urine collection device ,Phosphates ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Salt intake ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Aged ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Sodium, Dietary ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Sodium intake ,030104 developmental biology ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Nephrology ,Female ,business ,Kidney disease ,Glomerular Filtration Rate - Abstract
Objective In the kidney disease clinic setting, higher-than-usual blood pressure is often ascribed to recent dietary sodium indiscretion. While clinical trials demonstrate a clear relationship between salt intake and blood pressure on the population level, it is uncertain whether real-world variation in sodium intake within individual chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is associated with fluctuations in blood pressure. Methods We analyzed data from the Phosphorus Normalization Trial, in which participants with CKD eating their usual diets completed at least three 24-hour urine collections over 9 months, from which we measured sodium. Blood pressure was measured at the time of 24-hour urine collections. For each individual participant, we assessed the slope of the relationship between sodium intake and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Results Among 119 participants (mean age 67 years and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate 31 mL/minute/1.73 m 2 ), there was substantial variation in sodium intake as measured by 24-hour urine collections (mean intake 3,903 mg/day, standard deviation 1037 mg/day). Individual participants had highly variable associations between their sodium intake and their MAP; 47% ( n = 56) had inverse associations between sodium and MAP, whereas the remainder had positive (salt-sensitive) associations. Conclusions Among CKD patients, there is substantial variation in sodium intake but no predictable relationship between dietary sodium and blood pressure in individuals. The frequent dismissal of elevated blood pressure readings as related to recent sodium intake in clinic may be a misapplication of large-scale population data to explain individual variability and may contribute to clinical inertia regarding high blood pressure treatment.
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- 2017
90. Recommended standards for assessing blood pressure in human research where blood pressure or hypertension is a major focus
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Eoin O'Brien, Liu Lisheng, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Martin G. Myers, Claire Johnson, Bruce S. Alpert, Mary R. L’Abbé, Don MacKay, Lyne Cloutier, Pedro Ordunez, Mark L. Niebylski, Jacqui Webster, Janusz Feber, Mary E. Cogswell, Joseph T. Flynn, Alison Atrey, JoAnne Arcand, Tej K. Khalsa, Stephen R. Daniels, Alex Leung, Fleetwood Loustalot, Rhian M. Touyz, George S. Stergiou, Norm R.C. Campbell, Nancy R. Cook, Graham A. MacGregor, Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Graeme J. Hankey, Mark Gelfer, Branka Legetic, Antti Jula, Birinder K. Mangat, Doreen M. Rabi, Michael Rakotz, Lawrence J. Appel, Janusz Kaczorowski, Mark Woodward, Temo Waqanivalu, Janis M. Dionne, Marc Weber, Rachael McLean, Raj Padwal, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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Focus (computing) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Blood Pressure Determination ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Blood pressure ,Hypertension ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Human research ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Abstract
Recommended standards for assessing blood pressure in human research where blood pressure or hypertension is a major focus
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- 2017
91. List of Contributors
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Tim Ackland, Leiddy Z. Alvarado, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Caroline M. Apovian, Merlin W. Ariefdjohan, Marion Taylor Baer, Jennifer L. Barnes, Bryan C. Batch, Sinead N. Bhriain, Courtney K. Blomme, George A. Bray, Onikia N. Brown-Esters, Lora E. Burke, Carol J. Boushey, Lisa Cadmus-Bertram, Mona S. Calvo, Sara C. Campbell, Lyanne H. Chin, Rebecca B. Costello, Melissa M. Crane, Amanda J. Cross, Pamela Cureton, Aurélie de Rus Jacquet, Linda M. Delahanty, James P. DeLany, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Abby Dilk, V. Drapeau, Maria Duarte-Gardea, Johanna T. Dwyer, Alessio Fasano, Mario G. Ferruzzi, Janis S. Fisler, Jo L. Freudenheim, Daniel D. Gallaher, Karen Glanz, Katheryn M. Goodrich, Emily Gower, Martha Guevara-Cruz, Earl Harrison, Yoriko Heianza, Holly Herrington, Steve Hertzler, Kathleen M. Hill Gallant, Patricia A. Hume, Karry A. Jackson, Wei Jia, Rachel K. Johnson, Deborah A. Kerr, Kee-Hong Kim, Laurence N. Kolonel, Penny Kris-Etherton, Robert F. Kushner, HuiChuan J. Lai, Johanna W. Lampe, Thomas P. Lawler, Ki Won Lee, Maureen M. Leonard, Pao-Hwa Lin, Juliet Mancino, Robert Marcus, Julie A. Mares, Joyce Merkel, Amy E. Millen, Barbara Millen, G.A. Nagana Gowda, Andrew P. Neilson, Mihai D. Niculescu, Beth Ogata, Jose M. Ordovas, Kenya D. Palmer, Song-Yi Park, Ruth E. Patterson, Toni I. Pollin, S. Pomerleau, Kathleen J. Porter, V. Provencher, Lu Qi, Daniel Raftery, Cynthia Rajani, Chesney Richter, Kim Robien, Jean-Christophe Rochet, Cheryl L. Rock, Dennis A. Savaiano, TusaRebecca E. Schap, Elisabeth M. Seburg, Harold E. Seifried, Rebecca M. Seifried, Nancy E. Sherwood, Ann Skulas-Ray, Linda G. Snetselaar, Fabrizis L. Suarez, Amy F. Subar, Laura P. Svetkey, Mitali A. Tambe, Kelly A. Tappenden, Alyce M. Thomas, Frances E. Thompson, Sabrina P. Trudo, Crystal C. Tyson, Hassan Vatanparast, Adriana Villaseñor, Craig H. Warden, Connie M. Weaver, Susan J. Whiting, Hope Wills, Paul J. Wisniewski, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Zhumin Zhang, Yaguang Zheng, and Jamie M. Zoellner
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- 2017
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92. The relationship between anthropometry and body composition from computed tomography: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study
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Namratha R. Kandula, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Arti D. Shah, Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin, and Alka M. Kanaya
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Male ,Aging ,subcutaneous fat ,Cross-sectional study ,Physiology ,Computed tomography ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Subcutaneous fat ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sociology ,Models ,Visceral fat ,Tomography ,Anthropometry ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Statistical ,Middle Aged ,waist circumference ,X-Ray Computed ,Asians ,Body Composition ,Public Health and Health Services ,Female ,Cognitive Sciences ,Public Health ,Asian Continental Ancestry Group ,Cultural Studies ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Asia ,South asia ,Waist ,sex difference ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,body mass index ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,Asian People ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Clinical Research ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Nutrition ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Atherosclerosis ,United States ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
ObjectiveFew studies examine the relationships between anthropometry and the body composition measures they approximate, or whether they differ by sex, and no studies have examined these relationships in South Asians living in the US.DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 871 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study who had BMI
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- 2017
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93. Nutrition Guidelines to Promote and Maintain Health
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Cheryl A.M. Anderson and Barbara E. Millen
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medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public health ,Population ,Public policy ,Population health ,Health promotion ,Dietary Reference Intake ,Environmental health ,Health care ,medicine ,Health education ,education ,business - Abstract
For decades national nutrition guidelines have been developed to promote and maintain population health. In the United States, federal nutrition and health policies are far-reaching. They influence and shape nutrition programs, services and research priorities; healthcare and public health systems as well as other sectors such as food and agriculture. Dietary Reference Intakes and Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) are the primary sources of nutrition guidance and strategies to promote health at individual and population levels. The 2015–2020 DGAs base their recommendations on the most current, sound research evidence on nutrition and health and published clinical practice guidelines on disease prevention and health promotion. They also acknowledge that nutrition and other lifestyle behaviors are influenced by many factors operating at individual, socio-cultural, environmental, multisectoral and policy levels. As such, public health approaches that target individuals, communities, public policies, and environments are recommended to promote healthful dietary patterns and physical activity. Alliances and partnerships across multiple sectors are needed to facilitate changes such that healthy lifestyle choices become normative behaviors. Achieving healthful dietary patterns and physical activity that meet the 2015–2020 DGAs will reduce risks for major chronic diseases and promote wide-ranging favorable health outcomes.
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- 2017
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94. Effect of dietary phosphate intake on the circadian rhythm of serum phosphate concentrations in chronic kidney disease: a crossover study
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Gerard Smits, Martha S. Persky, Joachim H. Ix, Geoffrey A. Block, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Parathyroid hormone ,Renal function ,Urine ,Biology ,Phosphate ,medicine.disease ,Excretion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lanthanum carbonate ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Circadian rhythm ,Kidney disease ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Previous trials of binders in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5 have shown only modest changes in serum phosphate but evaluated morning phosphate. It is unknown whether a circadian pattern of phosphate concentrations exists in CKD and is modifiable by dietary manipulation. Objectives: We determined the circadian pattern of serum phosphate concentrations in CKD and whether it was modifiable by altering absorbable phosphate. Design: This was a crossover feeding study in 11 CKD participants (estimated glomerular filtration rate: 30-45 mL · min(-1) · 1.73 m(-2)) and 4 healthy control subjects. All subjects received high-phosphate (2500 mg/d), normal-phosphate (1500 mg/d), and low-phosphate (1000 mg/d plus 1000 mg lanthanum carbonate 3 times/d) diets for 5 d followed by a 10-d washout. After each 5-d feed, phosphate and other measurements were made every 4 h over 1 day. Results: In CKD participants who consumed the high-phosphate diet, there were circadian changes in phosphate with lowest concentrations (± SDs) at 0800 (4.2 ± 0.5 mg/dL) and 2 peaks at 1600 and 0400 (4.5 ± 0.8 and 4.4 ± 0.6 mg/dL, respectively), which were similar to those in healthy controls. Results with the normal-phosphate diet were similar. The low-phosphate diet altered the circadian rhythm (P = 0.02) such that 0400 and 1600 peaks were absent. Differences in phosphate for lowest- compared with highest-phosphate diets were smallest at 0800 and largest at 1600 (0.5 compared with 1.0 mg/dL) in CKD. Circadian changes in phosphate were not explained by urine phosphate excretion, parathyroid hormone, or fibroblast growth factor-23. Conclusions: A circadian pattern of serum phosphate is observed in CKD with lowest concentrations at 0800 and highest at 1600 and 0400. This circadian pattern is modifiable by phosphate intake and most evident at 1600. Future intervention studies targeting intestinal phosphate absorption should consider afternoon phosphate measurements.
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- 2014
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95. Mechanisms of Airway Protection During Chin-Down Swallowing
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Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Ianessa A. Humbert, and Phoebe Macrae
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Adult ,Male ,Chin ,Linguistics and Language ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Laryngeal vestibule ,Posture ,Airway structure ,Video Recording ,Article ,Language and Linguistics ,Speech and Hearing ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Swallowing ,Healthy volunteers ,medicine ,Humans ,Statistical analysis ,business.industry ,Dysphagia ,Healthy Volunteers ,Deglutition ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Larynx ,Photofluorography ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Airway ,Head - Abstract
Purpose This study examined the effects of chin-down swallowing on laryngeal vestibule closure. It also investigated the technique's rehabilitative impact, by assessing the stability of effects across multiple trials and aftereffects in neutral swallows on cessation of the technique. Method Duration of laryngeal vestibule closure (dLVC) was measured with videofluoroscopy in 16 healthy participants (mean = 33.2 years, 9 men). Participants swallowed 40 times: 5 head-neutral swallows (N1), then 30 chin-down swallows, followed by 5 head-neutral swallows (N2). The first 5 chin-down swallows were categorized as early posture swallows (P1) and the last 5 as late posture swallows (P2). Within-participant comparisons determined the effects of the maneuver on dLVC during and after execution. Results The study found that dLVC increased during chin-down swallows (N1 to P1, p = .018). This increase remained stable throughout 30 repetitions (P1 to P2, p = .994). On return to neutral, dLVC returned to baseline (N1 to N2, p = .875). Conclusions This study demonstrated increased dLVC during chin-down swallowing, offering a possible mechanism responsible for previously reported reduced aspiration during the technique. As aftereffects were not evident after multiple chin-down swallows, the maneuver appears to offer more compensatory benefit than rehabilitative value for patients with dysphagia.
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- 2014
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96. Increasing Use of Vitamin D Supplementation in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study
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Matthew T. White, Mary B. Leonard, Myles Wolf, Peter P. Reese, Justine Shults, Harold I. Feldman, Anne R. Cappola, Dean Carlow, Raymond R. Townsend, Michelle R. Denburg, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Joan C. Lo, Susan Steigerwalt, Crystal A. Gadegbeku, and Laura H. Mariani
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Renal function ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Vitamin D ,Prospective cohort study ,education ,Aged ,Cholecalciferol ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Parathyroid Hormone ,Nephrology ,Dietary Supplements ,Ergocalciferols ,Cohort ,Linear Models ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Female ,business ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Cohort study ,Kidney disease - Abstract
This study examined rates and determinants of vitamin D supplementation among Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) participants and determined the association between dose and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level. The 2010 Institute of Medicine Report noted a significant increase in vitamin D supplementation in the general population, but use in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown.CRIC is a multicenter prospective observational cohort study of 3,939 participants with a median baseline age of 60 and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 42.1 mL/minute per 1.73 m2. Of the cohort, 54.9% was male, 42.1% were Black, and 48.4% were diabetic. Multivariable logistic generalized estimating equations were used to examine determinants of supplementation use assessed annually between 2003 and 2011. Cross-sectional linear regression models, based on a subset of 1,155 participants, assessed associations between supplement dose and 25(OH)D level, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.The proportion of participants reporting supplement use increased (P.0001), from 10% at baseline to 44% at 7-year follow-up visits. This was largely due to initiation of products containing only ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol. The odds of supplementation were greater in older, female, non-Black, married participants with greater education and lower body mass index. Among participants taking supplementation, dose was positively associated with 25(OH)D level, adjusted for race, season, diabetes, dietary intake, eGFR, and proteinuria. Only 3.8% of non-Black and 16.5% of Black participants taking a supplement were deficient (20 ng/mL), whereas 22.7% of non-Black and 62.4% of black participants not reporting supplement use were deficient.Vitamin D supplementation rates rose significantly among CRIC participants over 7 years of follow-up and were associated with greater serum 25(OH)D levels. Studies of vitamin D levels on clinical outcomes in CKD and future vitamin D interventional studies should consider these changes in supplementation practices.
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- 2014
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97. The Association of Spousal Smoking Status With the Ability to Quit Smoking: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
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Mark Woodward, Rachel R. Huxley, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Mara McAdams-DeMarco, Silvia Koton, Josef Coresh, and Laura K. Cobb
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Original Contributions ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Health Behavior ,Logistic regression ,Odds ,Sex Factors ,Humans ,Medicine ,Spouses ,Psychiatry ,Generalized estimating equation ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,Former Smoker ,Spouse ,Cohort ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Studies have shown that smoking status tends to be concordant within spouse pairs. This study aimed to estimate the association of spousal smoking status with quitting smoking in US adults. We analyzed data from 4,500 spouse pairs aged 45–64 years from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study cohort, sampled from 1986 to 1989 from 4 US communities and followed up every 3 years for a total of 9 years. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to calculate the odds ratio of quitting smoking given that one's spouse is a former smoker or a current smoker compared to a never smoker. Among men and women, being married to a current smoker decreased the odds of quitting smoking (for men, odds ratio (OR) = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29, 0.46; for women, OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.68). Among women only, being married to a former smoker increased the odds of quitting smoking (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.53). In conclusion, spouses of current smokers are less likely to quit, whereas women married to former smokers are more likely to quit. Smoking cessation programs and clinical advice should consider targeting couples rather than individuals.
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- 2014
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98. Methodological Issues in Cohort Studies That Relate Sodium Intake to Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes
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Laura K. Cobb, Paul K. Whelton, Frank B. Hu, Lawrence J. Appel, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Paul Elliott, Mark Woodward, Kiang Liu, and James D. Neaton
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Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,business.industry ,Disease outcome ,Incidence ,Alternative medicine ,Sodium, Dietary ,American Heart Association ,Disease ,Coronary disease ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Sodium intake ,Cohort Studies ,Blood pressure ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Risk Factors ,Physiology (medical) ,Humans ,Medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Stroke ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background— The results of cohort studies relating sodium (Na) intake to blood pressure–related cardiovascular disease (CVD) are inconsistent. To understand whether methodological issues account for the inconsistency, we reviewed the quality of these studies. Methods and Results— We reviewed cohort studies that examined the association between Na and CVD. We then identified methodological issues with greatest potential to alter the direction of association (reverse causality, systematic error in Na assessment), some potential to alter the direction of association (residual confounding, inadequate follow-up), and the potential to yield false null results (random error in Na assessment, insufficient power). We included 26 studies with 31 independent analyses. Of these, 13 found direct associations between Na and CVD, 8 found inverse associations, 2 found J-shaped associations, and 8 found null associations only. On average there were 3 to 4 methodological issues per study. Issues with greater potential to alter the direction of association were present in all but 1 of the 26 studies (systematic error, 22; reverse causality, 16). Issues with lesser potential to alter the direction of association were present in 18 studies, whereas those with potential to yield false null results were present in 23. Conclusions— Methodological issues may account for the inconsistent findings in currently available observational studies relating Na to CVD. Until well-designed cohort studies in the general population are available, it remains appropriate to base Na guidelines on the robust body of evidence linking Na with elevated blood pressure and the few existing general population trials of the effects of Na reduction on CVD.
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- 2014
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99. The Effects of Feedback on Volitional Manipulation of Airway Protection During Swallowing
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Isha Taylor-Kamara, Ianessa A. Humbert, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, and Phoebe Macrae
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Feedback, Psychological ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biophysics ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Young Adult ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Swallowing ,Knowledge of results ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Airway Management ,Volition (psychology) ,Middle Aged ,Deglutition ,Blood pressure ,Augmented feedback ,Female ,Airway management ,Psychology ,Airway - Abstract
Volitional control of autonomic responses, such as heart rate and blood pressure, can be facilitated with the use of augmented feedback. Oropharyngeal swallowing typically includes both volitional and reflexive components, offering a unique opportunity for observing how performance is affected by feedback. Sixteen healthy participants (M age = 29 years, SD = 10 years) completed multiple trials of a novel airway closure technique during swallowing under one of two conditions: no feedback or feedback. The feedback condition included knowledge of performance and knowledge of results. Only the feedback group improved performance across trials (p = .01), with no difference from baseline seen for the no feedback group (p = .66). These results show that airway closure during swallowing can be volitionally manipulated with augmented feedback.
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- 2014
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100. Dietary Patterns in Asian Indians in the United States: An Analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study
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Alka M. Kanaya, Meghana D. Gadgil, Namratha R. Kandula, and Cheryl A.M. Anderson
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,Gerontology ,Aging ,Ethnic group ,Disease ,Cardiovascular ,Metabolic equivalent ,Body Mass Index ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,80 and over ,South Asian ,Medicine ,Dietary patterns ,Aged, 80 and over ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Asian Indian ,Diet, Vegetarian ,Fasting ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Cardiovascular disease ,Diet Records ,Cholesterol ,Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Educational Status ,Female ,HDL ,Clinical Sciences ,India ,Health Promotion ,Article ,Insulin resistance ,Vegetarian ,Humans ,Obesity ,Nutrition ,Aged ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Feeding Behavior ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Good Health and Well Being ,Anthropology ,San Francisco ,Insulin Resistance ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Body mass index ,Food Science ,Demography - Abstract
Dietary patterns contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Asian Indians have earlier onset, more severe, and more prevalent CVD than many other racial/ethnic groups. We aimed to characterize dietary patterns in Asian Indians living in the United States and examine associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. One hundred fifty Asian Indians, aged 45 to 84 years, without known CVD, living in the San Francisco Bay, CA, area between August 2006 and October 2007 were enrolled into the Metabolic syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study. A food frequency questionnaire validated in Asian Indians, fasting blood samples, and computed tomography scans were obtained for all participants. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was used to determine prevalent dietary patterns. Linear regression analyses were performed for associations between dietary patterns and metabolic factors, adjusting initially for age and sex, then additionally for BMI, income, education, metabolic equivalent of task-minutes of exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Two distinct dietary patterns were identified that we termed "Western," and "Vegetarian." Compared with the Western diet, the Vegetarian diet was associated with lower homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (−1.12 mmol/L×mU/L; P =0.05) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−4.77 mg/dL; P =0.09). Given that the Western and Vegetarian dietary patterns were each associated with adverse metabolic changes, healthful diet choices may help Asian Indians improve risk factors for CVD.
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- 2014
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