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The evaluation of gas content plays a key role in determining the efficient development of shale reservoirs. To better understand the gas–water miscible competitive adsorption mechanism in the pore-fracture system of water-bearing shale, the water vapor adsorption experiment of dry shale and the methane gas adsorption experiment of water-bearing shale were carried out to compare and analyze the competitive adsorption laws of formation water and methane gas on the shale surface under different temperatures, pressures, and water saturation conditions. Moreover, based on the molecular layer adsorption theory, the gas–liquid–solid interface competitive adsorption model considering the coupling of temperature, pressure, and water saturation was established to predict the actual gas content of water-bearing shale reservoirs. The results show that the main controlling factors affecting the adsorbed gas content of water-bearing shale are specific surface area, temperature, and water content in turn according to weight coefficients; Compared with the gas–solid adsorption model, the gas–liquid–solid competitive adsorption model has higher accuracy in calculation results, which are much closer to the desorption data of shale cores in Jiaoshiba area, Fuling, China. Hence, the competitive adsorption model provides a theoretical foundation for reasonably evaluating the exploitation potential of shale gas reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Maize is one of the most important crops for food, cattle feed and energy production. However, maize is frequently attacked by various pathogens and pests, which pose a significant threat to maize yield and quality. Identification of quantitative trait loci and genes for resistance to pests will provide the basis for resistance breeding in maize. Here, a β‐glucosidase ZmBGLU17 was identified as a resistance gene against Pythium aphanidermatum, one of the causal agents of corn stalk rot, by genome‐wide association analysis. Genetic analysis showed that both structural variations at the promoter and a single nucleotide polymorphism at the fifth intron distinguish the two ZmBGLU17 alleles. The causative polymorphism near the GT‐AG splice site activates cryptic alternative splicing and intron retention of ZmBGLU17 mRNA, leading to the downregulation of functional ZmBGLU17 transcripts. ZmBGLU17 localizes in both the extracellular matrix and vacuole and contribute to the accumulation of two defence metabolites lignin and DIMBOA. Silencing of ZmBGLU17 reduces maize resistance against P. aphanidermatum, while overexpression significantly enhances resistance of maize against both the oomycete pathogen P. aphanidermatum and the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis. Notably, ZmBGLU17 overexpression lines exhibited normal growth and yield phenotype in the field. Taken together, our findings reveal that the apoplastic and vacuolar localized ZmBGLU17 confers resistance to both pathogens and insect pests in maize without a yield penalty, by fine‐tuning the accumulation of lignin and DIMBOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face reenactment aims to transfer the upper body motions from a driving actor to a target actor. Current methods either cannot transfer motion adequately or cannot synthesize high-quality video. This paper proposes a novel face reenactment method via unsupervised motion transfer and deep learning-based correction. Firstly, the motion of the driving actor is largely transferred to the target via an unsupervised motion model and a rough synthetic target video can be obtained. Then, a generative neural network with spatial-temporal structure is designed to correct the rough video to a realistic and smooth video. To synthesize smooth and detailed video, 3D convolution and attention mechanism are introduced into the network to process temporal information and guide the video correction. To avoid synthesizing background with artifacts, the background information is embedded into the network as fixed parameters. To improve the realism of the teeth, a mouth enhancement loss is designed. The network is trained in an adversarial manner, ensuring the realism of the generated images. Experiments show that this method can synthesize high-quality target videos and the performance is better than the current state-of-the-art face reenactment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overexpressed glutathione peroxidase4 (GPX4) and insufficient H2O2 in tumor cells weaken ferroptosis therapy and the elicited anticancer immune response. Herein, a rigid metal‐polyphenol shell decorated nanodevice ssPPELap@Fe‐TA is constructed to successfully overcome the drawbacks of ferroptosis therapy. The ssPPELap@Fe‐TA consists of a rigid Fe‐TA network‐based shell and disulfide‐containing polyphosphoester (ssPPE) core with β‐lapachone loading. The rigid Fe‐TA network‐based shell of ssPPELap@Fe‐TA enables its efficient internalization by tumor cell and then disintegrates in the acidic endosome/lysosome to initiate Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion‐driven ferroptosis. The ssPPE core will deplete glutathione (GSH) via the disulfide‐thiol exchange reaction to inactivate GPX4, and also trigger the release of β‐lapachone to significantly increase intracellular H2O2 and then promote Fe3+‐mediated Fenton reaction, eventually achieving strong inhibition of tumor progression. Moreover, ssPPELap@Fe‐TA elicites a robust systemic antitumor immune response by promoting dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and T cell infiltration, and synergizes with anti‐PD‐L1 antibody (a‐PD‐L1) to strikingly suppress 4T1 tumor growth and lung metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A radial well has a unique wellbore configuration. Fracture propagation in radial well deflagration fracturing is studied rarely. The mechanism of interaction between deflagration fractures, natural fractures, and micro-fractures is still unknown. Based on continuum mechanics, damage mechanics, and variational principles, a numerical model of fracture propagation in deflagration fracturing is established with the Hamilton principle and phase-field fracture theory. The effects of horizontal principal stress difference, natural fracture distribution, and micro-fractures around the wellbore on fracture propagation in deflagration fracturing are studied. First, when no natural fractures are developed around the radial well, fractures are initiated at both ends of the radial well. Second, when there are three natural fractures around the radial well, the created fractures have the morphology of shorter fractures in the middle and longer fractures on both sides under stress interference mechanisms. Third, a larger density of natural fractures causes obvious stress superposition, changes the initiation points of radial wells and fracture morphology, and increases fracture width and reservoir stimulation volume. Fourth, as the micro-fractures increase, their interference and induction effects on deflagration fractures are enhanced gradually, and the deflection angle of fractures increases by 38.7%. The study provides a reference for optimizing deflagration fracturing in a radial well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]