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Self-powered human motion electronic skins (E-skins) hold significant potential for intelligent sports, healthcare, and human–machine interactions. However, the limited permeability to air and moisture, along with poor stretchability, impedes the wearing comfort, long-term application, and skin compliance of self-powered E-skins. Here, we present an all-fibrous, permeable, adhesive, and intrinsically stretchable electronic skin (PASE-skin). The PASE-skin employs core-sheath fiber mats, liquid-metal-fiber mats, and acrylic fiber mats as the triboelectric layer, electrode layer, and skin adhesive layer, respectively, to achieve an all-fibrous and intrinsically stretchable structure. Such a material and structural design simultaneously offer exceptional stretchability, minimal residual strain, textile-like breathability, skin adhesion, biocompatibility, and good sensing performance. The core-sheath structure increases the stretchability of the triboelectric layer threefold, from 200% to 600%. The liquid-metal-fiber mat electrode maintains stable conductivity even under extreme strains (900%) and numerous stretching cycles (10 000 times at 100% strain). The E-skin generates significant triboelectric outputs and maintains stable sensing performance up to 450% strain. Consequently, we have developed a 5-channel human motion sensing system based on PASE-skin, capable of real-time sign language recognition assisted by signal processing and machine learning algorithms. The PASE-skin is poised to make a substantial impact on the development of self-powered human motion E-skins and offers novel insights into the field of sign language recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large‐scale fabrication of long‐lived and sustainable room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with color‐tunable afterglow is of considerable practical importance in diverse optoelectronic applications but remains challenging. Herein, based on a process for the mass production of cellulose acetoacetate filaments, large‐scale RTP filaments are synthesized by introducing amino‐bearing luminophores via a mild enamine reaction. Attributed to efficient intersystem crossing facilitated by acetoacetyl and benzoyloxy groups alongside a rigid environment provided by multiple hydrogen bonding, the resulting filaments exhibit impressive RTP with a lifetime of 772 ms and a phosphorescence quantum yield of 45.06%. Furthermore, the afterglow color of RTP filaments is rationally modulated from blue to greenish‐yellow to rosy‐red through triplet‐to‐singlet Förster resonance energy transfer. Meanwhile, the formation of diverse clusters with comparable but different lifetimes leads to interesting excitation‐dependent afterglows. This work not only provides an effective strategy to construct long‐lived, color‐tunable, sustainable afterglows but also establishes large‐scale and continuous preparation routes for functional cellulose filaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the development of flexible electronics continuously progresses, so does the demand for fabricated 3D electrodes via patterning technology. Electrochemical replication and transfer (ERT) has emerged as an efficient patterning technique, which deposits materials of interest on a predefined template via electroplating and subsequently transfers them onto target substrates. ERT can pattern large‐area 2D electrodes on nontraditional substrates whilst maintaining adequate flexibility, stretchability, and complex surface structures. This study extends the capability of ERT from 2D into 3D patterning. Via the rational design of a 3D SiO2/Si template, in which conductive Si trenches or holes are patterned with insulating SiO2 banks, electroplating of materials only occurs in the exposed Si surfaces so that both continuous and isolated 3D patterns with high aspect ratios up to 4:1 are realized. 3D‐ERT offers a high‐throughput and low‐cost approach to fabricating high Figure of Merit (>30 000) flexible transparent electrodes. Also, the application of 3D‐ERT in constructing highly sensitive, and self‐powered pressure sensors is showcased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of a high static magnetic field (HSMF) on the evolution of cube texture in directionally solidified Fe-3.0 wt. % Si alloy was studied. The results show that the <001> crystal orientation of an α-Fe single crystal was parallel to the direction of the HSMF, and a sharp cube texture was successfully formed in the final ingot. With the increase in growth speed, the main texture of the Fe-3.0 wt. % Si alloy evolved in the way of <001>→<081>→<120> along the pulling direction when an HSMF was applied. The orientation transition was attributed to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the α–Fe crystal during the directional solidification process. As a result of texture optimization, the specimens with an HSMF had higher saturation magnetization and permeability than the sample without an HSMF. Furthermore, a new creative method to tailor the cube texture of Fe-based alloys during the directional solidification process assisted by an HSMF is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high efficiency and minimal efficiency roll‐off, fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) in multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials is critical. The RISC process is typically hindered by insufficient spin‐orbital coupling (SOC). Incorporating heavy atom selenium into the MR‐TADF structure has the potential to enhance SOC through the heavy atom effect. However, the specific placement of selenium within the molecule results in different enhancements of SOC, with the detailed interplay between these factors yet to be elucidated. The introduction of a selenium‐containing moiety, phenoxaselenine, into the MR‐TADF structure at different substituted positions is undertaken, revealing that the molecule with 3‐substituted phenoxaselenine exhibits faster RISC transition and a significant increase in SOC between higher triplet excited states and S1 state, compared to the molecule with 2‐substituted phenoxaselenine. Significantly reduced efficiency roll‐off is achieved for the narrow‐band emission OLEDs based on the molecule with 3‐substituted phenoxaselenine owing to the enhanced heavy atom effect, giving an impressive external quantum efficiency above 20% even under 10 000 cd m−2 in the corresponding OLED device. These results underscore the potential of strategic heavy atom effect manipulation in MR‐TADF materials for efficient spin‐flipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venous malformations are the most common congenital vascular malformations, and the incidence rate is high. Previous studies have confirmed that a variety of polymorphisms within the miRNA functional region are associated with tumor susceptibility. We examined the correlation between miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A and risk of developing venous malformation in a southern Chinese population (1113 patients and 1158 controls). TaqMan genotyping of miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A was conducted utilizing real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The miR‐618 rs2682818 polymorphism was not correlated with susceptibility to venous malformation (CA/AA vs. CC: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81–1.25, p = 0.994; AA vs. CC/CA: AOR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.73–1.65, p = 0.646). Stratified analysis of different subtypes of venous malformation revealed that there was no significant difference in the rs2682818 C>A polymorphism genotypes across these subtypes. Our results indicate that miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A polymorphism is not correlated with the susceptibility to venous malformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition has led to growth retardation in many adolescents and health deterioration in adults all over the world. Recently, there has been increasing attention on balanced diets as a preventive measure. This study evaluates the daily diet of a student, aiming to optimize the amino acid score (AAS) across three meals per day. By using balanced diet criteria as constraints, we established a single-objective nonlinear programming model, maximizing AAS as the objective function. The model was solved by using a simulated annealing algorithm, and we obtained a diet that is both balanced and high in AAS. This study helps to raise awareness about individual nutritional needs and provides guidance for dietary structure improvements, thereby contributing to global public health enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, an ever‐growing interest has been paid on organic single‐molecule white light‐emitting materials for effective white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). However, subject to Kasha's rule, photons can only be emitted from the lowest excited state and thus panchromatic or dual emissions are extremely forbidden, which results in a certain challenge in achieving white emission. Herein, a strategy of synergetic carbonyl and heptagonal structure is proposed for organic single‐molecule white light emission and demonstrated by TAO/TABO/TA2O organic luminescent materials that are modified on aryl ketones/amine fragments. Among them, due to the robust intermolecular interactions triggered by synergetic carbonyl and heptagonal structure, TA2O exhibits vibrant monomer and dimer photoluminescence with dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics. As a result, the first single‐molecule dual‐TADF WOLED based on the synergetic system is successfully fabricated with an external quantum efficiency of 7.2%. This study not only expands the scope of carbonyl and heptagonal structure for novel optoelectronic properties and applications but also opens new avenues for the development of efficient single‐molecule WOLEDs with dual TADF mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals enable the realization and exploitation of quantum phenomena in a controlled manner, and can be scaled up for commercial uses. These materials have become important for a wide range of applications, from ultrahigh definition displays, to solar cells, quantum computing, bioimaging, optical communications, and many more. Over the last decade, lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals have rapidly gained prominence as efficient semiconductors. Although the majority of studies have focused on large nanocrystals in the weak- to intermediate-confinement regime, quantum dots (QDs) in the strongly-confined regime (with sizes smaller than the Bohr diameter, which ranges from 4–12 nm for lead-halide perovskites) offer unique opportunities, including polarized light emission and color-pure, stable luminescence in the region that is unattainable by perovskites with single-halide compositions. In this tutorial review, we bring together the latest insights into this emerging and rapidly growing area, focusing on the synthesis, steady-state optical properties (including exciton fine-structure splitting), and transient kinetics (including hot carrier cooling) of strongly-confined perovskite QDs. We also discuss recent advances in their applications, including single photon emission for quantum technologies, as well as light-emitting diodes. We finish with our perspectives on future challenges and opportunities for strongly-confined QDs, particularly around improving the control over monodispersity and stability, important fundamental questions on the photophysics, and paths forward to improve the performance of perovskite QDs in light-emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting warm‐sector rainfall (WR) remains a major challenge, primarily due to weak synoptic forcing. Through cloud‐permitting numerical simulations, in addition to direct triggering mechanism from low‐level jets, we identify the important role of gravity waves in a heavy WR event in South China via convective preconditioning. The preconditioning manifests as mid‐level moistening and destabilization with wave‐like variations. This process is driven by fast‐propagating (∼24 m s−1) n = 2 waves, associated with lower‐tropospheric ascents and upper‐tropospheric descents. Waves are generated during the evolution of northern frontal rainfall (FR). As FR intensifies, surges in low‐level diabatic cooling mainly resulting from microphysical processes, trigger n = 2 waves, which further precondition the environment along their path. In contrast, a sensitivity experiment involving stably developing FR fails to reproduce the preconditioning process by waves and the subsequent occurrence of WR. Overall, our study illuminates a new pathway through which FR significantly influences WR via gravity waves. Plain Language Summary: During the rainy season, the coastal regions of South China frequently experience heavy rainfall, leading to significant socio‐economic losses. Unfortunately, understanding the mechanisms underlying this heavy rainfall and accurately predicting it remains a great challenge, as it often occurs without evident synoptic influences such as fronts and low‐pressure vortex. Another rainband occasionally forms to the north of the coastal heavy rainfall through frontal lifting. The northern inland frontal rainfall could be considered a potential contributor to the initiation of coastal heavy rainfall, yet no concrete connection has been established until now. Our research reveals that this frontal rainband can generate low‐frequency gravity waves that have a substantial influence on coastal heavy rainfall. These waves primarily result from the sharp cooling associated with the frontal rainband, featuring lower‐tropospheric upward motions. They are capable to travel considerable distances ahead of the frontal rainband at high speeds. Along their journey, they moisten and destabilize the cloud environment ahead of the frontal rainband, thereby favoring the occurrence of coastal rainfall. Key Points: The initiation of warm‐sector heavy rainfall at the coast is related to the evolution of northern frontal rainfall that located 300 km awayVariations in latent cooling resulting from the frontal rainfall produce gravity waves featuring ascents over the lower troposphereThese gravity waves moisten and destabilize mid‐level environment along their paths, promoting warm‐sector rainfall [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfone group plays a pivotal role in narrowing emission spectra, while, precise modification with sulfone group for carbonyl‐based narrowband emitters that maintain high color purity remains challenging. Herein, a comprehensive exploration of the function of the sulfone group is performed with various sulfur valences and positions fused into traditional carbonyl‐based narrowband emission unit QAO, namely SpiroS‐QAO, SpiroSO2‐QAO, SpiroO‐QAO, and SpiroOSO2‐QAO. A rigid molecular skeleton with a spiro structure as an intramolecular lock enables the four emitters to exhibit narrowband emissions. After full oxidization of sulfur, the emission band of SpiroSO2‐QAO is further narrowed, with full width at half maximum of 32 nm, compared to that of 43 nm for sulfane‐decorated SpiroS‐QAO, which is attributed to the suppressed C─S bond‐length variation by the introduction of sulfone group. Nearly identical spectra of SpiroO‐QAO and SpiroOSO2‐QAO suggest that the sulfone group should be directly linked to the emission core to maximize its function. Maximum external quantum efficiencies of 30.8%, 30.3%, and 29.2% are achieved for SpiroO‐QAO, SpiroOSO2‐QAO, and SpiroS‐QAO‐based sensitized organic light‐emitting diodes with highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence assistant host. These results offer a comprehensive understanding of the sulfone group embedded into the narrowband emission core with respect to the narrowing emission band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CeO2 has high elastic modulus and thermal stability, as well as good surface effects, making it ideal as a reinforcement for aluminum matrix composites. In this paper, the interfacial relationships between Al and CeO2 was studied by first-principles calculation, and the nucleation mechanism of aluminum matrix growth on CeO2 substrate was discussed. First, the Al/CeO2 interface matching crystal surface was identified as the Al(111)/CeO2(111) interface. Then, the surface work function was calculated for all surfaces constituting the Al(111)/CeO2(111) interface, and the results showed that the Al(111) loses charge more easily than CeO2(111). Subsequently, the interface energy and work of adhesion of the Al(111)/CeO2(111) interface were calculated, and the results showed that the interface energy of O1–Al was the smallest (0.07 J/m2), the work of adhesion of O2 interface energy of O1–Al was the smallest (0.07 J/m2), the work of adhesion of O2–Al was the largest (9.36 J/m2)Al was the largest (9.36 J/m2). Finally, the combined properties of the Al(111)/CeO2(111) interface were analyzed by the electronic properties at the interface, and the results showed that The Al(111)/CeO2(111) interface is a mixture of ionic and covalent bonds. Therefore, the calculated results confirm that the effectiveness of CeO2 as a heterogeneous nucleation substrate for Al. This study provides a theoretical basis for the nucleation mechanism of the heterogeneous nucleation interface between CeO2 and aluminum matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, two isomers BP1 and BP2, featuring diindolophenthiazine as the donor and benzophenone as the acceptor, are designed and synthesized for the first time. Both compounds exhibit dual conformations and thus dual emissions of fluorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence in films to achieve single molecular white-light emissions. Owing to the dual conformations and the changes of their corresponding compositions in amorphous and crystalline states, machanochromism is observed in both compounds. Additionally, white photoluminescence with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.31, 0.33) are achieved for BP2-doped films. Furthermore, solution-processed single-molecule white organic light-emitting diodes are also successfully developed based on BP2 as the solely emitter, demonstrating an external quantum efficiency of 2.61% at CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.36). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]