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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of liver disease in developed countries, and in recent years, the prevalence rate of NAFLD tends to increase in China, which brings heavy burden to the social health system. The development and progression of NAFLD are affected by the interaction between multiple influencing factors including genetic and epigenetic factors, transcription factors, hormones, nutrition, and environmental factors. This article reviews the research advances in the role of nuclear receptor in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, in order to deepen the understanding of this disease.

学位の種別: 修士

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Validierung von Single Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) Daten mittels RNAscope®, in einem Vergleich der hypertrophen Narbe mit der gesunden Haut. Dabei waren Unterschiede in der Expression von Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (PLAU), High Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1 (HTRA1) und Syndecan 1 (SDC1) zu sehen. Jedoch kam es durch die Zellisolierung während der scRNA-seq zum Verlust der Morphologie. Durch den Nachweis dieser Gene mit RNAscope® im Gewebe konnte dieser Zusammenhang wiederhergestellt werden und damit erfolgte gleichzeitig die Validierung der scRNA-seq Daten. Weiters wurde am Beispiel von SDC1 gezeigt, dass ein gleichzeitiger Nachweis von RNA mittels RNAscope® und Protein mittels Immunfluoreszenz möglich ist, wodurch man ihre Wechselbeziehung genauer erforschen kann. Zusätzlich wurden PLAU und HTRA1 in Beziehung mit dem Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) gesetzt, dessen Einfluss mittels Western Blot Analysen untersucht wurde. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass dieser Wachstumsfaktor nur bei PLAU eine regulatorische Rolle spielt. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass RNAscope® für den Einsatz zur Validierung von scRNA-seq gut geeignet ist und durch die zusätzliche Möglichkeit, Proteine mit der Immunfluoreszenz darzustellen, eine Anwendung in vielen Bereichen bietet. This thesis deals with the validation of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data using RNAscope®, in a comparison of hypertrophic scar with healthy skin. Differences were found in the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU), high temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) and syndecan 1 (SDC1). Though spatial relations were lost due to cell isolation during scRNA-seq, with the use of RNAscope® for the detection of these genes in the tissue, this connection was restored and with this the scRNA-seq was validated at the same time. Demonstrated in the example of SDC1, it was also shown that a simultaneous detection of RNA via RNAscope® and protein via immunofluorescence is possible and can be used for further elucidation of the interrelation between them. Additionally, PLAU and HTRA1 were put in context with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), whose effects were analyzed through western blot analysis. Thus, it could be determined that this growth factor only plays a regulatory role in PLAU. In conclusion, it can be stated that RNAscope® is well suited for the validation of scRNA-seq data and can be used in a broad range of applications through the added capability to detect protein via immunofluorescence.

Regional science popularization cooperation helps to improve the science popularization quality of citizens in the region and explores new growth points of regional economy. In this paper, the promulgation of "The Outline of Collaborative Development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province" (OCDBTH) as a time node, we set up an index system representing all kinds of science popularization resources, calculating the synthetic degree of grey incidence between Beijing-Tianjin and Beijing-Hebei before and after the adoption of policy review under each index, then taking grey incidence analysis and get the conclusion: synthetic degree of grey incidence of Beijing-Tianjin and Beijing-Hebei increase significantly after the adoption of "The Outline of Collaborative Development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province". It can be seen that this policy plays a strengthened role in the cooperation of regional science popularization between Beijing-Tianjin and Beijing-Hebei.

Investment is an economic behavior, which is accompanied by risk and randomness. The purpose of investment is to obtain the corresponding returns and maximize the returns. This paper establishes a complex truncated stochastic investment-revenue model based on mathematical statistics. The purpose is to better express the relationship between investment and revenue with full consideration of risk. By introducing five stochastic variables: capital, value-added interest rate, investment cycle, inflation rate and liquidation cycle, a series of hypotheses for the model are put forward, which further reveals the relationship between investment and revenue.

Knowledge graph is a type of network structure in which nodes represent entities and edges indicate relations. However, as the network size explosively increases, the issues of data sparsity and computation inefficiency on large-scale knowledge graph become more difficult to manipulate and manage. Knowledge graph embedding, which is a representation technique of embedding entities and relations in the knowledge graph into continuous, dense, and low-dimensional semantics vector spaces to tackle these challenges and endow the model with the abilities of knowledge fusion and inference, has recently attracted much attention. In this paper, we firstly introduce the overall framework and specific idea of embedding models. We then introduce two applications that apply KG embedding, compare the performance of the methods in these applications. Finally, we summarize several challenges to overcome, and provide some prospective future research directions such as deep learning network for approaches and applications.