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54. Approximate peak time and its application to time-domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography.

Author

Chen, Shuli, Eom, Junyong, Nakamura, Gen, and Nishimura, Goro

Subjects
OPTICAL tomography, FLUORESCENCE, HEAT equation, NUMERICAL calculations, INVERSE problems
Abstract

This paper concerns an inverse problem for fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT) identifying multiple point targets. The targets are the fluorescent agents. The FDOT process is modeled by two diffusion equations coupled with the source term. Our measured data are the time-domain data, measured at some detection points as the temporal response of the fluorescence intensity to an instantaneous injection of the excitation light from a source point. The peak time, clearly observed in the space-time data, has been used as an index to detect the targets. We introduce an approximate peak time based on an asymptotic analysis, which agrees very well with the peak time obtained by the numerical calculation using typical optical parameters. Then, using approximate peak time and combining it with the bisection method, we propose a mathematically rigorous inversion method for the FDOT. The proposed method is efficient, robust and accurate for identifying locations of the deeply embedded targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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59. A Polytetrafluoroethylene-Based Solvent-Free Procedure for the Manufacturing of Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Author

Wang, Xuehan, Chen, Shuli, Zhang, Kaiqi, Huang, Licheng, Shen, Huilin, Chen, Zheng, Rong, Changru, Wang, Guibin, and Jiang, Zhenhua

Subjects
*LITHIUM-ion battery manufacturing, *POLYTEF, *ENERGY density, *LITHIUM-ion batteries, *MANUFACTURING processes, *ENERGY storage
Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have recently become popular for energy storage due to their high energy density, storage capacity, and long-term cycle life. Although binders make up only a small proportion of LIBs, they have become the key to promoting the transformation of the battery preparation process. Along with the development of binders, the battery manufacturing process has evolved from the conventional slurry-casting (SC) process to a more attractive solvent-free (SF) method. Compared with traditional LIBs manufacturing method, the SF method could dramatically reduce and increase the energy density due to the reduced preparation steps and enhanced electrode loading. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), as a typical binder, has played an important role in fabricating high-performance LIBs, particularly in regards to the SF technique. In this paper, the development history and application status of PTFE binder was introduced, and then its contributions and the inherent problems involved in the SF process were described and analyzed. Finally, the viewpoints concerning the future trends for PTFE-based SF manufacturing methods were also discussed. We hope this work can inspire future research concerning high-quality SF binders and assist in promoting the evolution of the SF manufacturing technology in regards to LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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65. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of newly detected synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists AB-4CN-BUTICA, MMB-4CN-BUTINACA, MDMB-4F-BUTICA, MDMB-4F-BUTINACA and their analogs

Author

Sparkes, Eric, primary, Boyd, Rochelle, additional, Chen, Shuli, additional, Markham, Jack W., additional, Luo, Jia Lin, additional, Foyzun, Tahira, additional, Zaman, Humayra, additional, Fletcher, Charlotte, additional, Ellison, Ross, additional, McGregor, Iain S., additional, Santiago, Marina J., additional, Lai, Felcia, additional, Gerona, Roy R., additional, Connor, Mark, additional, Hibbs, David E., additional, Cairns, Elizabeth A., additional, Glass, Michelle, additional, Ametovski, Adam, additional, and Banister, Samuel D., additional

Published
2022
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67. Defining Steric Requirements at CB1 and CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors Using Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists 5F-AB-PINACA, 5F-ADB-PINACA, PX-1, PX-2, NNL-1, and Their Analogues

Author

Markham, Jack, primary, Sparkes, Eric, additional, Boyd, Rochelle, additional, Chen, Shuli, additional, Manning, Jamie J., additional, Finlay, David, additional, Lai, Felcia, additional, McGregor, Eila, additional, Maloney, Callan J., additional, Gerona, Roy R., additional, Connor, Mark, additional, McGregor, Iain S., additional, Hibbs, David E., additional, Glass, Michelle, additional, Kevin, Richard C., additional, and Banister, Samuel D., additional

Published
2022
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69. Performance Analysis of Short-Span Simply Supported Bridges for Heavy-Haul Railways with A Novel Prefabricated Strengthening Structure.

Author

Xie, Kaize, Liu, Bowen, Dai, Weiwu, Chen, Shuli, and Wang, Xinmin

Subjects
LONG-span bridges, RAILROAD bridges, RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics), BRIDGE testing, RAILROAD design & construction, BRIDGE bearings
Abstract

A novel prefabricated strengthening structure (NPSS) is proposed to improve the vertical stiffness and load-bearing capacity of existing short-span bridges for heavier axle-load trains passing through. The strengthening principle of the NPSS is revealed through theoretical derivation. A refined calculation model is prepared to investigate the effects of two important parameters on the structural behavior of the bridge, including the support stiffness and the installation location of the NPSS. The calculation model is also verified with four-point bending test of a bridge removed from a heavy-haul railway. With the calculation model and the response surface methodology (RSM), the functional relationships among the crucial mechanical indexes of the bridge and the two parameters of the NPSS are methodically established. Thus, the optimal values of the parameters are determined via a multi-objective optimization model and the analysis hierarchy process-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Furthermore, the feasibility of the optimal parameters is appropriately verified based on simulations of the vehicle–track–bridge dynamics. The existence of the NPSS with optimal parameters could enhance the vertical stiffness of the bridge by 21.0% and bearing capacity by 19.5%. In addition, it could reduce the midspan dynamic deflection amplitude by 23.4% and vertical vibration acceleration amplitude of the bridge by 25.2%. The results of the study are expected to contribute to the capacity development and rehabilitation of existing heavy-haul railways with low cost and convenient construction without railway outage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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72. Structure–activity relationships of valine, tert-leucine, and phenylalanine amino acid-derived synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists related to ADB-BUTINACA, APP-BUTINACA, and ADB-P7AICA

Author

Sparkes, Eric, primary, Cairns, Elizabeth A., additional, Kevin, Richard C., additional, Lai, Felcia, additional, Grafinger, Katharina Elisabeth, additional, Chen, Shuli, additional, Deventer, Marie H., additional, Ellison, Ross, additional, Boyd, Rochelle, additional, Martin, Lewis J., additional, McGregor, Iain S., additional, Gerona, Roy R., additional, Hibbs, David E., additional, Auwärter, Volker, additional, Glass, Michelle, additional, Stove, Christophe, additional, and Banister, Samuel D., additional

Published
2022
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75. Characterisation of AMB-FUBINACA metabolism and CB1-mediated activity of its acid metabolite.

Author

Webb, Hunter D. J., Finlay, David B., Chen, Shuli, Vernall, Andrea J., Sparkes, Eric, Banister, Samuel D., Rosengren, Rhonda J., and Glass, Michelle

Abstract

Purpose: AMB-FUBINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) which is primarily metabolised by hepatic enzymes producing AMB-FUBINACA carboxylic acid. The metabolising enzymes associated with this biotransformation remain unknown. This study aimed to determine if AMB-FUBINACA metabolism could be reduced in the presence of carboxylesterase (CES) inhibitors and recreational drugs commonly consumed with it. The affinity and activity of the AMB-FUBINACA acid metabolite at the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1) was investigated to determine the activity of the metabolite. Methods: The effect of CES1 and CES2 inhibitors, and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) on AMB-FUBINACA metabolism were determined using both human liver microsomes (HLM) and recombinant carboxylesterases. Radioligand binding and cAMP assays comparing AMB-FUBINACA and AMB-FUBINACA acid were carried out in HEK293 cells expressing human CB1. Results: AMB-FUBINACA was rapidly metabolised by HLM in the presence and absence of NADPH. Additionally, CES1 and CES2 inhibitors both significantly reduced AMB-FUBINACA metabolism. Furthermore, digitonin (100 µM) significantly inhibited CES1-mediated metabolism of AMB-FUBINACA by ~ 56%, while the effects elicited by Δ9-THC were not statistically significant. AMB-FUBINACA acid produced only 26% radioligand displacement consistent with low affinity binding. In cAMP assays, the potency of AMB-FUBINACA was ~ 3000-fold greater at CB1 as compared to the acid metabolite. Conclusions: CES1A1 was identified as the main hepatic enzyme responsible for the metabolism of AMB-FUBINACA to its less potent carboxylic acid metabolite. This biotransformation was significantly inhibited by digitonin. Since other xenobiotics may also inhibit similar SCRA metabolic pathways, understanding these interactions may elucidate why some users experience high levels of harm following SCRA use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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79. NNL-3: A Synthetic Intermediate or a New Class of Hydroxybenzotriazole Esters with Cannabinoid Receptor Activity?

Author

Ametovski, Adam, primary, Cairns, Elizabeth A., additional, Grafinger, Katharina Elisabeth, additional, Cannaert, Annelies, additional, Deventer, Marie H., additional, Chen, Shuli, additional, Wu, Xinyi, additional, Shepperson, Caitlin E., additional, Lai, Felcia, additional, Ellison, Ross, additional, Gerona, Roy, additional, Blakey, Karen, additional, Kevin, Richard, additional, McGregor, Iain S., additional, Hibbs, David E., additional, Glass, Michelle, additional, Stove, Christophe, additional, Auwärter, Volker, additional, and Banister, Samuel D., additional

Published
2021
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82. Multiscale mapping of plant functional groups and plant traits in the High Arctic using field spectroscopy, UAV imagery and Sentinel-2A data

Author

Thomson, Eleanor R, primary, Spiegel, Marcus P, additional, Althuizen, Inge H J, additional, Bass, Polly, additional, Chen, Shuli, additional, Chmurzynski, Adam, additional, Halbritter, Aud H, additional, Henn, Jonathan J, additional, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, additional, Klanderud, Kari, additional, Li, Yaoqi, additional, Maitner, Brian S, additional, Michaletz, Sean T, additional, Niittynen, Pekka, additional, Roos, Ruben E, additional, Telford, Richard J, additional, Enquist, Brian J, additional, Vandvik, Vigdis, additional, Macias-Fauria, Marc, additional, and Malhi, Yadvinder, additional

Published
2021
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83. Intermediate Aerosol Loading Enhances Photosynthetic Activity of Croplands

Author

Wang, Xin, primary, Wang, Chengzhang, additional, Wu, Jin, additional, Miao, Guofang, additional, Chen, Min, additional, Chen, Shuli, additional, Wang, Songhan, additional, Guo, Zhengfei, additional, Wang, Zhenhua, additional, Wang, Bin, additional, Li, Jing, additional, Zhao, Yujin, additional, Wu, Xiaolin, additional, Zhao, Chuanfeng, additional, Lin, Weili, additional, Zhang, Yongguang, additional, and Liu, Lingli, additional

Published
2021
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91. Defining Steric Requirements at CB1 and CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors Using Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists 5F-AB-PINACA, 5F-ADB-PINACA, PX-1, PX-2, NNL-1, and Their Analogues.

Author

Markham, Jack, Sparkes, Eric, Boyd, Rochelle, Chen, Shuli, Manning, Jamie J., Finlay, David, Lai, Felcia, McGregor, Eila, Maloney, Callan J., Gerona, Roy R., Connor, Mark, McGregor, Iain S., Hibbs, David E., Glass, Michelle, Kevin, Richard C., and Banister, Samuel D.

Published
2022
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94. The Critical Role of Bach2 in Shaping the Balance between CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Immune-Mediated Diseases

Author

Yang, Lingyi, Chen, Shuli, Zhao, Qiuyu, Sun, Ying, and Nie, Hong

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

The transcription factor Bach2 which is predominantly expressed in B and T lymphocytes represses the expression of genes by forming heterodimers with small Maf and Batf proteins and binding to the corresponding sequence on the DNA. In this way, Bach2 serves as a highly conserved repressor which controls the terminal differentiation and maturation of both B and T lymphocytes. It is required for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells, and its function in B cell differentiation has been well-described. Furthermore, emerging data show that Bach2 regulates transcriptional activity in T cells at super enhancers or regions of high transcriptional activity, thus stabilizing immunoregulatory capacity and maintaining T cell homeostasis. Bach2 is also critical for the formation and function of CD4+ T cell lineages (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, T follicular helper (Tfh), and regulatory T (Treg) cells). Genetic variations within Bach2 locus are associated with numerous immune-mediated diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic pancreatitis (CP), type 2 chronic airway inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and type 1 diabetes. Here, we reveal a critical role of Bach2 in regulating T cell biology and the correlation with these immune-mediated diseases.

Published
2019
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95. Effect of a double-structured microporous polymer support on the catalytic activity, stability and aggregation behavior of immobilized enzymes

Author

Lei Wang, Mian Wang, Hai-Jie Yang, Chen Shuli, and Zhi-Wei Feng

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Aqueous solution, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Immobilized enzyme, Organic Chemistry, Polymer, Microporous material, Catalysis, Enzyme, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Covalent bond, Amphiphile, Materials Chemistry, Organic chemistry
Abstract

A double-structured microporous polymer composite support consisting of a microporous skeleton for protection of immobilized enzymes and a gel-like polymer bearing different functionalities has been synthesized for immobilization of various enzymes. Among three approaches based on two types of interactions (physical and chemical), we found that under our experimental conditions the covalent bonding between amine moieties of enzymes and epoxide groups of the support was the best, with enzyme leaching being reduced to as low as zero for nine enzymes and catalytic activities increased by factors of 1–4 for two lipases. The improvement in catalytic activity could be attributed to the amphiphilic soft gel which might create a kind of lipid–water interface or microenvironment in aqueous solution, favoring the interfacial activation of certain lipases. Furthermore, the thermal and operational stability, and reusability of all the enzymes could be enhanced to varying degrees. We also found that enzyme aggregates of different sizes could be formed on the spherical support surface at quite low enzyme concentrations, which might also influence the final catalytic activities of the immobilized enzymes. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

Published
2015
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96. Structure–activity relationships of valine, tert-leucine, and phenylalanine amino acid-derived synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists related to ADB-BUTINACA, APP-BUTINACA, and ADB-P7AICAElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: A table of identifiers, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, and FTIR spectra are provided for all final compounds. Concentration-displacement curves for hCB1 binding are provided for screened compounds. Electrostatic potential maps are provided for selected compounds (10, 13, 16and 19). See DOI: 10.1039/d1md00242b

Author

Sparkes, Eric, Cairns, Elizabeth A., Kevin, Richard C., Lai, Felcia, Grafinger, Katharina Elisabeth, Chen, Shuli, Deventer, Marie H., Ellison, Ross, Boyd, Rochelle, Martin, Lewis J., McGregor, Iain S., Gerona, Roy R., Hibbs, David E., Auwärter, Volker, Glass, Michelle, Stove, Christophe, and Banister, Samuel D.

Abstract

Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) remain one the most prevalent classes of new psychoactive substances (NPS) worldwide, and examples are generally poorly characterised at the time of first detection. We have synthesised a systematic library of amino acid-derived indole-, indazole-, and 7-azaindole-3-carboxamides related to recently detected drugs ADB-BUTINACA, APP-BUTINACA and ADB-P7AICA, and characterised these ligands for in vitrobinding and agonist activity at cannabinoid receptor subtypes 1 and 2 (CB1and CB2), and in vivocannabimimetic activity. All compounds showed high affinity for CB1(Ki0.299–538 nM) and most at CB2(Ki= 0.912–2190 nM), and most functioned as high efficacy agonists of CB1and CB2in a fluorescence-based membrane potential assay and a βarr2 recruitment assay (NanoBiT®), with some compounds being partial agonists in the NanoBiT® assay. Key structure–activity relationships (SARs) were identified for CB1/CB2binding and CB1/CB2functional activities; (1) for a given core, affinities and potencies for tert-leucinamides (ADB-) > valinamides (AB-) phenylalaninamides (APP-); (2) for a given amino acid side-chain, affinities and potencies for indazoles > indoles 7-azaindoles. Radiobiotelemetric evaluation of ADB-BUTINACA, APP-BUTINACA and ADB-P7AICA in mice demonstrated that ADB-BUTINACA and ADB-P7AICA were cannabimimetic at 0.1 mg kg−1and 10 mg kg−1doses, respectively, as measured by pronounced decreases in core body temperature. APP-BUTINACA failed to elicit any hypothermic response up to the maximally tested 10 mg kg−1dose, yielding an in vivopotency ranking of ADB-BUTINACA > ADB-P7AICA > APP-BUTINACA.

Published
2022
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