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This thesis aimed to improve decision-maker access to economic information by testing a price-adjusting methodology to annually update expenditure information for economic impacts analyses and by conducting a trends analysis of economic sector contributions to a regional economy. A secondary data analysis of historical angler survey data generated expenditure profiles adjusted over time using price indices. A replication survey was conducted to compare expenditures. Grouping anglers by trip type (one-day/multiple-day) resulted in expenditure profiles that were generally consistent over time as anglers spent approximately $75 and $130 on one-day and multiple-day trips, respectively. These expenditures resulted in total economic impacts of over $13 million. A series of automatic social accounting matrices (ASAM) were then employed to execute economic base analyses, quantifying the role of sectors in the regional economy. The tourism sector consistently contributed over 20% of gross employment and almost 10% of gross output over time.

This paper proposes PI gain controller parameters tuning by using Fictitious Reference Iterative Tuning (FRIT) method for speed control of PMSM using FPGA for high frequency SiC MOSFET Inverter. PI controller parameters can be tuned by using FRIT without mathematical model of plant from one-shot experimental data. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is utilized for the optimization of FRIT. The inverter using SiC MOSFET is presented to achieve high - frequency operation up to 100 kHz with a switching PWM technique. As the result, high response and good stability control system of PMSM can be achieved so that speed response follows the ideal response for step response and disturbance response. Digital hardware control based on FPGA is used to maximize the switching frequency of SiC MOSFET inverter. Finally, an experimental system is set up and some experimental results are demonstrated.

La presente investigación, que lleva por título “Las estrategias de conservación del medio ambiente en el aprendizaje del área ciencia y ambiente en estudiantes del tercer grado de primaria en la I.E 7096 Villa El Salvador, 2013”, tiene como objetivo determinar la influencia de las estrategias de conservación del medio ambiente en el aprendizaje del área ciencia y ambiente en estudiantes del tercer grado de primaria. La metodología utilizada responde a un tipo aplicada, diseño cuasi experimental, método experimental y se aplicó una prueba de ciencia y ambiente. Luego de haber realizado el procesamiento de los datos recogidos en el cuestionario, se llegó a la siguiente conclusión: La aplicación de estrategias de conservación del medio ambiente influyó significativamente el aprendizaje del área ciencia y ambiente en los estudiantes del tercer grado de primaria de la Institución Educativa 7096 de Villa el Salvador, 2013, habiendo obtenido como resultados en el post test, un valor en la prueba U de Mann-Whitney=6,283 y un pvalor= 0,000. Lima Norte Escuela de Posgrado Innovaciones Pedagógicas

OBJETIVO: Identificar uma possível relação entre o grau evolutivo da apendicite aguda, a idade cronológica e a duração do período de internação. MÉTODO: Análise retrospectiva de 272 pacientes submetidos à apendicectomia quanto ao grau evolutivo da apendicite e seu respectivo período de internação. A evolução do processo inflamatório foi classificada pelo exame histopatológico em quatro graus: catarral, flegmonosa, supurativa e gangrenosa. RESULTADOS: A distribuição quanto ao sexo mostrou maior incidência em homens, com 193 casos (70%) e a média de idade foi de 29 anos. O período médio de internação foi de 4,3 dias. A incidência dos diferentes graus evolutivos foi de 88 casos (32,3%) para o tipo catarral, 79 (29%) flegmonosa, 70 (25,7%) supurativa e 35 (12,8%) gangrenosa. A análise da média de idade e tempo de internação relacionados ao grau evolutivo da apendicite aguda, respectivamente, foi de 27,9 anos e 3,7 dias (catarral), 28,4 anos e 3,9 dias (flegmonosa), 30,1 anos e cinco dias (supurativa) e 35 anos e 5,2 dias (gangrenosa). Ao agruparmos os graus obtivemos as médias de 28,1 anos e 3,8 dias para os tipos catarral/flegmonosa e 30,7 anos e cinco dias para supurativa/gangrenosa. Foi observada uma correlação significativa entre o grau de evolução da apendicite e o tempo de internação (p=0.01) e entre a idade e o grau evolutivo (p=0.01). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes portadores de graus evolutivos mais avançados de apendicite aguda situam-se em faixa etária mais elevadas e tem tempo de internação mais prolongado. BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is a very common disease and elderly people appears to carry the worst prognostic outcome. The objective of this paper is to identify a possible relation between the evolutive phase of the appendicitis, age of the patient and hospital length of stay. METHODS: A total of 272 patients submitted to appendectomy were retrospectively evaluated regarding the evolutive phase of appendicitis, age of the patient and of hospital length of stay. The evolution of the inflammatory process was classified by the hystopathologic exam in four types: catarrhal, phlegmonous, suppurative and gangrenous. RESULTS: Males were 193 (70%) and the median age of all patients was 29 years. The mean hospital length of stay was 4.3 days. The incidence of the different evolution phases was: 88 cases (32.3%) for catarrhal, 79 (29%) for phlegmonous form, 70 (25.7%) for suppurative and 35 (12.8%) gangrenous. The analysis of the mean age and mean lenght of stay in the hospital was: 27.9 years and 3.7 days for the catarrhal type, 28.4 years and 3.9 days for phlegmonous type, 30.1 years and 5 days for the supurative type and 35 years and 5.2 days for the gangrenous type. When they were grouped, the mean age and length of stay were: 28.1 years and 3.8 for the group catarrhal + phlegmonous and 30.7 years and 5 days for the supurative + gangrenous group. There was statistical significance between the evolution phase of the appendicitis and the hospital length of stay (p=0.01) and between age and evolution of the appendicitis (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced evolutive phases of appendicitis trends to stay longer in hospital, tends particularly in older patients.