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248 results on '"Cayon, L"'

51. Strong constraints on cosmology from galaxy clusters

Author

Diego, J. M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Sanz, J. L., Cayon, L., and Silk, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

In this work we show how galaxy clusters can be used to discriminate among different cosmological models. We have used available X-ray & optical cluster data to constrain the cosmological parameters as well as the cluster scaling relations, T-M and L-T. We also show the power of future SZE data to constrain even more these parameters., Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure. To appear in the proceedings of The MPA/ESO/MPE Joint Astronomy Conference "Mining the Sky" held in Garching, Germany, July 31 - August 4 2000. To be publisehd in the Springer-Verlag series "ESO Astrophysics Symposia"

Published
2000
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52. Constraining our Universe with X-ray & Optical Cluster Data

Author

Diego, J. M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Sanz, J. L., Cayon, L., and Silk, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We have used recent X-ray and optical data in order to impose some constraints on the cosmology and cluster scaling relations. Generically two kind of hypotheses define our model. First we consider that the cluster population is well described by the standard Press-Schechter (PS) formalism, and second, these clusters are supposed to follow scaling relations with mass: Temperature-Mass (T-M) and X-ray Luminosity-Mass (L_x - M). As a difference with many other authors we do not assume specific scaling relations to model cluster properties such as the usual $T-M$ virial relation or one observational determination of the $L_x-T$ relation. Instead we consider general free parameter scaling relations. With the previous model (PS plus scalings) we fit our free parameters to several X-ray and optical data with the advantage over many other works that we consider all the data sets at the same time. This prevents us from being inconsistent with some of the available observations. Among other interesting conclusions, we find that only low-density universes are compatible with all the data considered and that the degeneracy between $\Omega_m$ and $\sigma_8$ is broken. Also we obtain interesting limits on the parameters characterizing the scaling relations., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. MNRAS accepted version

Published
2000
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53. Constraints on Cluster Properties Using X-ray and Optical Data

Author

Diego, J. M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Sanz, J. L., Cayon, L., and Silk, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

In this work we show that combining different cluster data sets is a powerful tool to constrain both, the cosmology and cluster properties. We assume a model with 9 parameters and fit them to 5 cluster data sets. From that fit, we conclude that only low density universes are compatible with the previous data and we also get some interesting conclusions on the rest of parameters., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the Proceedings of Moriond 2000 "Energy Densities in the Universe", Les Arcs, France, January 22-29 2000

Published
2000

54. Isotropic Wavelets: a Powerful Tool to Extract Point Sources from CMB Maps

Author

Cayon, L., Sanz, J. L., Barreiro, R. B., Matinez-Gonzalez, E., Vielva, P., Toffolatti, L., Silk, J., Diego, J. M., and Argueso, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

It is the aim of this paper to introduce the use of isotropic wavelets to detect and determine the flux of point sources appearing in CMB maps. The most suited wavelet to detect point sources filtered with a Gaussian beam is the Mexican Hat. An analytical expression of the wavelet coefficient obtained in the presence of a point source is provided and used in the detection and flux estimation methods presented. For illustration the method is applied to two simulations (assuming Planck Mission characteristics) dominated by CMB (100 GHz) and dust (857 GHz) as these will be the two signals dominating at low and high frequency respectively in the Planck channels. We are able to detect bright sources above 1.58 Jy at 857 GHz (82% of all sources) and above 0.36 Jy at 100 GHz (100% of all) with errors in the flux estimation below 25%. The main advantage of this method is that nothing has to be assumed about the underlying field, i.e. about the nature and properties of the signal plus noise present in the maps. This is not the case in the detection method presented by Tegmark and Oliveira-Costa 1998. Both methods are compared producing similar results., Comment: 6 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
1999
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55. Analysis of CMB maps with 2D wavelets

Author

Sanz, J. L., Barreiro, R. B., Cayon, L., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Ruiz, G. A., Diaz, F. J., Argueso, F., Silk, J., and Toffolatti, L.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We consider the 2D wavelet transform with two scales to study sky maps of temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). We apply this technique to simulated maps of small sky patches of size 12.8 \times 12.8 square degrees and 1.5' \times 1.5' pixels. The relation to the standard approach, based on the cl's is established through the introduction of the scalogram. We consider temperature fluctuations derived from standard, open and flat-Lambda CDM models. We analyze CMB anisotropies maps plus uncorrelated Gaussian noise (uniform and non-uniform) at idfferent S/N levels. We explore in detail the denoising of such maps and compare the results with other techniques already proposed in the literature. Wavelet methods provide a good reconstruction of the image and power spectrum. Moreover, they are faster than previously proposed methods., Comment: latex file 7 pages + 5 postscript files + 1 gif file; accepted for publication in A&AS

Published
1999
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56. Wavelets Applied to CMB Maps: a Multiresolution Analysis for Denoising

Author

Sanz, J. L., Argueso, F., Cayon, L., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Barreiro, R. B., and Toffolatti, L.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Analysis and denoising of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) maps are performed using wavelet multiresolution techniques. The method is tested on $12^{\circ}.8\times 12^{\circ}.8$ maps with resolution resembling the experimental one expected for future high resolution space observations. Semianalytic formulae of the variance of wavelet coefficients are given for the Haar and Mexican Hat wavelet bases. Results are presented for the standard Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model. Denoising of simulated maps is carried out by removal of wavelet coefficients dominated by instrumental noise. CMB maps with a signal-to-noise, $S/N \sim 1$, are denoised with an error improvement factor between 3 and 5. Moreover we have also tested how well the CMB temperature power spectrum is recovered after denoising. We are able to reconstruct the $C_{\ell}$'s up to $l\sim 1500$ with errors always below $20% $ in cases with $S/N \ge 1$., Comment: latex file 9 pages + 5 postscript figures + 1 gif figure (figure 6), to be published in MNRAS

Published
1999
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57. Segregated Optical-NIR colour distributions of MDS galaxies

Author

Ferreras, I., Cayon, L., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., and Benitez, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a K survey of 29 fields covering approximately 90 arcmin^2 from the Medium Deep Survey (MDS) catalogue down to a completeness magnitude of K=18.0 (limiting magnitude K=19.0). The morphology obtained by the MDS team using high resolution images from HST/WFPC2 along with our NIR observations allow a Colour-Magnitude and Colour-Colour analysis that agrees in general with spectral evolution models (Bruzual & Charlot 1998) especially if a reasonable range of metallicities for the Simple Stellar Populations used (0.2 < Z/Zsolar < 2.5) is considered. However, a significant population of spheroids was found, which appear bluer than expected, confirming previous observations (Forbes et al. 1996, Koo et al. 1996, Glazebrook et al. 1998). This blueness might possibly signal the existence of non-negligible star formation in ellipticals and bulges at medium redshift. A number counts calculation for different morphological types show disks become the dominant population at faint magnitudes. The median redshift of the sample is z~0.2, from a photometric redshift estimation using V-K and I-K. A search for EROs in the survey field was also performed, with no detection of objects having I-K > 4.5, setting an upper limit to the number density of EROs at dn_{EROs}/d\Omega < 0.011 arcmin^{-2} (K < 18.0)., Comment: LaTeX file, uses mn.sty. Submitted to MNRAS, revised version after referee's report. 7 pages with 8 EPS figures

Published
1998
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58. Peaks in the Cosmic Microwave Background: flat versus open models

Author

Barreiro, R. B., Sanz, J. L., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Cayon, L., and Silk, Joseph

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present properties of the peaks (maxima) of the CMB anisotropies expected in flat and open CDM models. We obtain analytical expressions of several topological descriptors: mean number of maxima and the probability distribution of the gaussian curvature and the eccentricity of the peaks. These quantities are calculated as functions of the radiation power spectrum, assuming a gaussian distribution of temperature anisotropies. We present results for angular resolutions ranging from 5' to 20' (antenna FWHM), scales that are relevant for the MAP and COBRAS/SAMBA space missions and the ground-based interferometer experiments. Our analysis also includes the effects of noise. We find that the number of peaks can discriminate between standard CDM models, and that the gaussian curvature distribution provides a useful test for these various models, whereas the eccentricity distribution can not distinguish between them., Comment: 13 pages latex file using aasms4.sty + 3 tables + 2 postscript figures, to appear in ApJ (March 1997)

Published
1996
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59. Omega from the COBE-DMR anisotropy maps

Author

Cayon, L., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Sanz, J. L., Sugiyama, N., and Torres, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We have made a likelihood statistical analysis of the angular correlations in the {\it COBE}-DMR two-year sky maps by Monte Carlo simulation of the temperature fluctuations. We assume an open universe and consider as primordial power spectrum the Harrison-Zeldovich one, $P(k)=Ak$. We find that the flatness of the universe is not implied by the data. The quadrupole normalization amplitude, $Q_{rms-PS}$, is related to the density parameter, $\Omega$, by $Q_{rms-PS} = 10.67 + 55.81 \Omega - 128.59 \Omega^2 + 81.26 \Omega^3\ \mu$K. We have determined the p.d.f. of $\Omega$ due to cosmic plus sampling (i.e. $20^\circ$ galactic cut) variance which generically shows a bimodal shape. The uncertainty as given by the r.m.s. is $\approx 0.35$, therefore to better constrain $\Omega$ experiments sensitive to higher multipoles ($l>20$) should be considered., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, uuencoded encapsulated postscript file. Figure 2 available upon request

Published
1995
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60. Genus and spot density in the COBE DMR first year anisotropy maps

Author

Torres, S., Cayon, L., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., and Sanz, J. L.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A statistical analysis of texture on the {\it COBE}-DMR first year sky maps based on the genus and spot number is presented. A generalized $\chi^2$ statistic is defined in terms of ``observable'' quantities: the genus and spot density that would be measured by different cosmic observers. This strategy together with the use of Monte Carlo simulations of the temperature fluctuations, including all the relevant experimental parameters, represent the main difference with previous analyses. Based on the genus analysis we find a strong anticorrelation between the quadrupole amplitude $Q_{rms-PS}$ and the spectral index $n$ of the density fluctuation power spectrum at recombination of the form $Q_{rms-PS}= 22.2 \pm 1.7 - (4.7 \pm 1.3) \times n\ \mu$K for fixed $n$, consistent with previous works. The result obtained based on the spot density is consistent with this $Q_{rms-PS} (n)$ relation. In addition to the previous results we have determined, using Monte Carlo simulations, the minimum uncertainty due to cosmic variance for the determination of the spectral index with the genus analysis. This uncertainty is $\delta n\approx 0.2$., Comment: 5 pages, uuencode file containing text and 1 figure. MNRAS in press.

Published
1995
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67. Sars-CoV-2 Detection by Self-Testing: A Method that Makes Surveillance Programs Possible and Effective

Author

Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Javier Crespo, Alvaro Santos-Laso, Reinhard Wallmann, Paula Iruzubieta, José L. Hernández, JoséA. Cabezas, Marcos López-Hoyos, García-Blanco A, Fernández-Lanas T, E. Fábrega, Cayon L, Curiel S, Álvarez-Cancelo A, Laura Rasines, and Martínez-Taboada Vm

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Declaration, Conflict of interest, Test (assessment), Informed consent, Family medicine, Health care, medicine, Seroprevalence, business, education
Abstract

Background: The simplicity and low cost of rapid point-of-care tests greatly facilitate large-scale population testing, which can contribute to controlling the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Methods: Between April and May 2020, the applicability of a self-testing strategy for SARS-CoV2 detection was evaluated in a population-based, cross-sectional study in Cantabria, Spain. For the self-testing strategy, participants received the necessary material for blood self-collection and performance of a rapid antibodies test using lateral flow immunoassay at home without the supervision of healthcare personnel. Findings: A total of 1,022 participants were enrolled. The vast majority of participants correctly performed the COVID-19 self-test the first time (91.3% [95% IC 89.4-92.9]). Only a minority of participants (0.7%) needed the help of healthcare personnel, and 6.9% required a second kit delivery, for a total valid test result in 96.9% of the participants. Incorrect use of the self-test did not depend on the educational level, age over 65 years, or housing area. Prevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV2 for subjects with a valid rapid test result was 3.1% (95% IC 2.2-4.4), similar to the seroprevalence result obtained using a conventional approach carried out by healthcare professionals. Interpretation: A strategy of COVID-19 self-testing could be applied as a screening tool in surveillance programs. Funding Statement: No funding. Declaration of Interests: The authors report no relevant conflict of interest or disclosures relevant to this manuscript. Ethics Approval Statement: The Ethics Committee of investigation of Cantabria approved this study (code 2020.176) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Published
2020

71. Planck early results. VIII. The all-sky early Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster sample

Author

Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartelmann, M, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Battye, R, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bhatia, R, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Brown, M, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cantalupo, C, Cardoso, J, Carvalho, P, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chary, R, Chiang, L, Chiang, C, Chon, G, Christensen, P, Churazov, E, Clements, D, Colafrancesco, S, Colombi, S, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Da Silva, A, Dahle, H, Danese, L, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J, Desert, F, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dolag, K, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Eisenhardt, P, Ensslin, T, Feroz, F, Finelli, F, Flores-Cacho, I, Forni, O, Fosalba, P, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Fromenteau, S, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Genova-Santos, R, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gonzalez-Riestra, R, Gorski, K, Grainge, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Harrison, D, Heinamaki, P, Henrot-Versille, S, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hovest, W, Hoyland, R, Huffenberger, K, Hurier, G, Hurley-Walker, N, Jaffe, A, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knox, L, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Laureijs, R, Lawrence, C, Le Jeune, M, Leach, S, Leonardi, R, Li, C, Liddle, A, Lilje, P, Linden-Vornle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, MacIas-Perez, J, Mactavish, C, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Mann, R, Maris, M, Marleau, F, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Mei, S, Meinhold, P, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, A, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Olamaie, M, Osborne, S, Pajot, F, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Pearson, T, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Piffaretti, R, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prezeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Saar, E, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Saunders, R, Savini, G, Schaefer, B, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Shellard, P, Smoot, G, Stanford, A, Starck, J, Stivoli, F, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sutton, D, Sygnet, J, Taburet, N, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Torre, J, Tristram, M, Tuovinen, J, Valenziano, L, Vibert, L, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Weller, J, White, S, White, M, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Ade P. A. R., Aghanim N., Arnaud M., Ashdown M., Aumont J., Baccigalupi C., Balbi A., Banday A. J., Barreiro R. B., Bartelmann M., Bartlett J. G., Battaner E., Battye R., Benabed K., Benoit A., Bernard J. -P., Bersanelli M., Bhatia R., Bock J. J., Bonaldi A., Bond J. R., Borrill J., Bouchet F. R., Brown M. L., Bucher M., Burigana C., Cabella P., Cantalupo C. M., Cardoso J. -F., Carvalho P., Catalano A., Cayon L., Challinor A., Chamballu A., Chary R. -R., Chiang L. -Y., Chiang C., Chon G., Christensen P. R., Churazov E., Clements D. L., Colafrancesco S., Colombi S., Couchot F., Coulais A., Crill B. P., Cuttaia F., Da Silva A., Dahle H., Danese L., Davis R. J., De Bernardis P., De Gasperis G., De Rosa A., De Zotti G., Delabrouille J., Delouis J. -M., Desert F. -X., Dickinson C., Diego J. M., Dolag K., Dole H., Donzelli S., Dore O., Dorl U., Douspis M., Dupac X., Efstathiou G., Eisenhardt P., Ensslin T. A., Feroz F., Finelli F., Flores-Cacho I., Forni O., Fosalba P., Frailis M., Franceschi E., Fromenteau S., Galeotta S., Ganga K., Genova-Santos R. T., Giard M., Giardino G., Giraud-Heraud Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo J., Gonzalez-Riestra R., Gorski K. M., Grainge K. J. B., Gratton S., Gregorio A., Gruppuso A., Harrison D., Heinamaki P., Henrot-Versille S., Hernandez-Monteagudo C., Herranz D., Hildebrandt S. R., Hivon E., Hobson M., Holmes W. A., Hovest W., Hoyland R. J., Huffenberger K. M., Hurier G., Hurley-Walker N., Jaffe A. H., Jones W. C., Juvela M., Keihanen E., Keskitalo R., Kisner T. S., Kneissl R., Knox L., Kurki-Suonio H., Lagache G., Lamarre J. -M., Lasenby A., Laureijs R. J., Lawrence C. R., Le Jeune M., Leach S., Leonardi R., Li C., Liddle A., Lilje P. B., Linden-Vornle M., Lopez-Caniego M., Lubin P. M., MacIas-Perez J. F., MacTavish C. J., Maffei B., Maino D., Mandolesi N., Mann R., Maris M., Marleau F., Martinez-Gonzalez E., Masi S., Matarrese S., Matthai F., Mazzotta P., Mei S., Meinhold P. R., Melchiorri A., Melin J. -B., Mendes L., Mennella A., Mitra S., Miville-Deschenes M. -A., Moneti A., Montier L., Morgante G., Mortlock D., Munshi D., Murphy A., Naselsky P., Nati F., Natoli P., Netterfield C. B., Norgaard-Nielsen H. U., Noviello F., Novikov D., Novikov I., Olamaie M., Osborne S., Pajot F., Pasian F., Patanchon G., Pearson T. J., Perdereau O., Perotto L., Perrotta F., Piacentini F., Piat M., Pierpaoli E., Piffaretti R., Plaszczynski S., Pointecouteau E., Polenta G., Ponthieu N., Poutanen T., Pratt G. W., Prezeau G., Prunet S., Puget J. -L., Rachen J. P., Reach W. T., Rebolo R., Reinecke M., Renault C., Ricciardi S., Riller T., Ristorcelli I., Rocha G., Rosset C., Rubino-Martin J. A., Rusholme B., Saar E., Sandri M., Santos D., Saunders R. D. E., Savini G., Schaefer B. M., Scott D., Seiffert M. D., Shellard P., Smoot G. F., Stanford A., Starck J. -L., Stivoli F., Stolyarov V., Stompor R., Sudiwala R., Sunyaev R., Sutton D., Sygnet J. -F., Taburet N., Tauber J. A., Terenzi L., Toffolatti L., Tomasi M., Torre J. -P., Tristram M., Tuovinen J., Valenziano L., Vibert L., Vielva P., Villa F., Vittorio N., Wade L. A., Wandelt B. D., Weller J., White S. D. M., White M., Yvon D., Zacchei A., Zonca A., Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartelmann, M, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Battye, R, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bhatia, R, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Brown, M, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cantalupo, C, Cardoso, J, Carvalho, P, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chary, R, Chiang, L, Chiang, C, Chon, G, Christensen, P, Churazov, E, Clements, D, Colafrancesco, S, Colombi, S, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Da Silva, A, Dahle, H, Danese, L, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J, Desert, F, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dolag, K, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Eisenhardt, P, Ensslin, T, Feroz, F, Finelli, F, Flores-Cacho, I, Forni, O, Fosalba, P, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Fromenteau, S, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Genova-Santos, R, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gonzalez-Riestra, R, Gorski, K, Grainge, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Harrison, D, Heinamaki, P, Henrot-Versille, S, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hovest, W, Hoyland, R, Huffenberger, K, Hurier, G, Hurley-Walker, N, Jaffe, A, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knox, L, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Laureijs, R, Lawrence, C, Le Jeune, M, Leach, S, Leonardi, R, Li, C, Liddle, A, Lilje, P, Linden-Vornle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, MacIas-Perez, J, Mactavish, C, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Mann, R, Maris, M, Marleau, F, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Mei, S, Meinhold, P, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, A, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Olamaie, M, Osborne, S, Pajot, F, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Pearson, T, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Piffaretti, R, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prezeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Saar, E, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Saunders, R, Savini, G, Schaefer, B, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Shellard, P, Smoot, G, Stanford, A, Starck, J, Stivoli, F, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sutton, D, Sygnet, J, Taburet, N, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Torre, J, Tristram, M, Tuovinen, J, Valenziano, L, Vibert, L, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Weller, J, White, S, White, M, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Ade P. A. R., Aghanim N., Arnaud M., Ashdown M., Aumont J., Baccigalupi C., Balbi A., Banday A. J., Barreiro R. B., Bartelmann M., Bartlett J. G., Battaner E., Battye R., Benabed K., Benoit A., Bernard J. -P., Bersanelli M., Bhatia R., Bock J. J., Bonaldi A., Bond J. R., Borrill J., Bouchet F. R., Brown M. L., Bucher M., Burigana C., Cabella P., Cantalupo C. M., Cardoso J. -F., Carvalho P., Catalano A., Cayon L., Challinor A., Chamballu A., Chary R. -R., Chiang L. -Y., Chiang C., Chon G., Christensen P. R., Churazov E., Clements D. L., Colafrancesco S., Colombi S., Couchot F., Coulais A., Crill B. P., Cuttaia F., Da Silva A., Dahle H., Danese L., Davis R. J., De Bernardis P., De Gasperis G., De Rosa A., De Zotti G., Delabrouille J., Delouis J. -M., Desert F. -X., Dickinson C., Diego J. M., Dolag K., Dole H., Donzelli S., Dore O., Dorl U., Douspis M., Dupac X., Efstathiou G., Eisenhardt P., Ensslin T. A., Feroz F., Finelli F., Flores-Cacho I., Forni O., Fosalba P., Frailis M., Franceschi E., Fromenteau S., Galeotta S., Ganga K., Genova-Santos R. T., Giard M., Giardino G., Giraud-Heraud Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo J., Gonzalez-Riestra R., Gorski K. M., Grainge K. J. B., Gratton S., Gregorio A., Gruppuso A., Harrison D., Heinamaki P., Henrot-Versille S., Hernandez-Monteagudo C., Herranz D., Hildebrandt S. R., Hivon E., Hobson M., Holmes W. A., Hovest W., Hoyland R. J., Huffenberger K. M., Hurier G., Hurley-Walker N., Jaffe A. H., Jones W. C., Juvela M., Keihanen E., Keskitalo R., Kisner T. S., Kneissl R., Knox L., Kurki-Suonio H., Lagache G., Lamarre J. -M., Lasenby A., Laureijs R. J., Lawrence C. R., Le Jeune M., Leach S., Leonardi R., Li C., Liddle A., Lilje P. B., Linden-Vornle M., Lopez-Caniego M., Lubin P. M., MacIas-Perez J. F., MacTavish C. J., Maffei B., Maino D., Mandolesi N., Mann R., Maris M., Marleau F., Martinez-Gonzalez E., Masi S., Matarrese S., Matthai F., Mazzotta P., Mei S., Meinhold P. R., Melchiorri A., Melin J. -B., Mendes L., Mennella A., Mitra S., Miville-Deschenes M. -A., Moneti A., Montier L., Morgante G., Mortlock D., Munshi D., Murphy A., Naselsky P., Nati F., Natoli P., Netterfield C. B., Norgaard-Nielsen H. U., Noviello F., Novikov D., Novikov I., Olamaie M., Osborne S., Pajot F., Pasian F., Patanchon G., Pearson T. J., Perdereau O., Perotto L., Perrotta F., Piacentini F., Piat M., Pierpaoli E., Piffaretti R., Plaszczynski S., Pointecouteau E., Polenta G., Ponthieu N., Poutanen T., Pratt G. W., Prezeau G., Prunet S., Puget J. -L., Rachen J. P., Reach W. T., Rebolo R., Reinecke M., Renault C., Ricciardi S., Riller T., Ristorcelli I., Rocha G., Rosset C., Rubino-Martin J. A., Rusholme B., Saar E., Sandri M., Santos D., Saunders R. D. E., Savini G., Schaefer B. M., Scott D., Seiffert M. D., Shellard P., Smoot G. F., Stanford A., Starck J. -L., Stivoli F., Stolyarov V., Stompor R., Sudiwala R., Sunyaev R., Sutton D., Sygnet J. -F., Taburet N., Tauber J. A., Terenzi L., Toffolatti L., Tomasi M., Torre J. -P., Tristram M., Tuovinen J., Valenziano L., Vibert L., Vielva P., Villa F., Vittorio N., Wade L. A., Wandelt B. D., Weller J., White S. D. M., White M., Yvon D., Zacchei A., and Zonca A.

Abstract

We present the first all-sky sample of galaxy clusters detected blindly by the Planck satellite through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect from its six highest frequencies. This early SZ (ESZ) sample is comprised of 189 candidates, which have a high signal-to-noise ratio ranging from 6 to 29. Its high reliability (purity above 95%) is further ensured by an extensive validation process based on Planck internal quality assessments and by external cross-identification and follow-up observations. Planck provides the first measured SZ signal for about 80% of the 169 previously-known ESZ clusters. Planck furthermore releases 30 new cluster candidates, amongst which 20 meet the ESZ signal-to-noise selection criterion. At the submission date, twelve of the 20 ESZ candidates were confirmed as new clusters, with eleven confirmed using XMM-Newton snapshot observations, most of them with disturbed morphologies and low luminosities. The ESZ clusters are mostly at moderate redshifts (86% with z below 0.3) and span more than a decade in mass, up to the rarest and most massive clusters with masses above 1 × 1015 M.

Published
2011

72. Planck early results. XXII. The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bhatia, R, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cantalupo, C, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J, Desert, F, Dickinson, C, Doi, Y, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, T, Falgarone, E, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Helou, G, Henrot-Versille, S, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hovest, W, Hoyland, R, Huffenberger, K, Ikeda, N, Jaffe, A, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kitamura, Y, Kneissl, R, Knox, L, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Laureijs, R, Lawrence, C, Leach, S, Leonardi, R, Leroy, C, Linden-Vornle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, MacIas-Perez, J, Mactavish, C, Maffei, B, Malinen, J, Mandolesi, N, Mann, R, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Mcgehee, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Meny, C, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, A, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Pagani, L, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Pelkonen, V, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Poutanen, T, Prezeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savini, G, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Smoot, G, Starck, J, Stivoli, F, Stolyarov, V, Sudiwala, R, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Torre, J, Toth, V, Tristram, M, Tuovinen, J, Umana, G, Valenziano, L, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Ysard, N, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Ade P. A. R., Aghanim N., Arnaud M., Ashdown M., Aumont J., Baccigalupi C., Balbi A., Banday A. J., Barreiro R. B., Bartlett J. G., Battaner E., Benabed K., Benoit A., Bernard J. -P., Bersanelli M., Bhatia R., Bock J. J., Bonaldi A., Bond J. R., Borrill J., Bouchet F. R., Boulanger F., Bucher M., Burigana C., Cabella P., Cantalupo C. M., Cardoso J. -F., Catalano A., Cayon L., Challinor A., Chamballu A., Chiang L. -Y., Christensen P. R., Clements D. L., Colombi S., Couchot F., Coulais A., Crill B. P., Cuttaia F., Danese L., Davies R. D., De Bernardis P., De Gasperis G., De Rosa A., De Zotti G., Delabrouille J., Delouis J. -M., Desert F. -X., Dickinson C., Doi Y., Donzelli S., Dore O., Dorl U., Douspis M., Dupac X., Efstathiou G., Ensslin T. A., Falgarone E., Finelli F., Forni O., Frailis M., Franceschi E., Galeotta S., Ganga K., Giard M., Giardino G., Giraud-Heraud Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo J., Gorski K. M., Gratton S., Gregorio A., Gruppuso A., Hansen F. K., Harrison D., Helou G., Henrot-Versille S., Herranz D., Hildebrandt S. R., Hivon E., Hobson M., Holmes W. A., Hovest W., Hoyland R. J., Huffenberger K. M., Ikeda N., Jaffe A. H., Jones W. C., Juvela M., Keihanen E., Keskitalo R., Kisner T. S., Kitamura Y., Kneissl R., Knox L., Kurki-Suonio H., Lagache G., Lamarre J. -M., Lasenby A., Laureijs R. J., Lawrence C. R., Leach S., Leonardi R., Leroy C., Linden-Vornle M., Lopez-Caniego M., Lubin P. M., MacIas-Perez J. F., MacTavish C. J., Maffei B., Malinen J., Mandolesi N., Mann R., Maris M., Marshall D. J., Martin P., Martinez-Gonzalez E., Masi S., Matarrese S., Matthai F., Mazzotta P., McGehee P., Melchiorri A., Mendes L., Mennella A., Meny C., Mitra S., Miville-Deschenes M. -A., Moneti A., Montier L., Morgante G., Mortlock D., Munshi D., Murphy A., Naselsky P., Nati F., Natoli P., Netterfield C. B., Norgaard-Nielsen H. U., Noviello F., Novikov D., Novikov I., Osborne S., Pagani L., Pajot F., Paladini R., Pasian F., Patanchon G., Pelkonen V. -M., Perdereau O., Perotto L., Perrotta F., Piacentini F., Piat M., Plaszczynski S., Pointecouteau E., Polenta G., Ponthieu N., Poutanen T., Prezeau G., Prunet S., Puget J. -L., Reach W. T., Rebolo R., Reinecke M., Renault C., Ricciardi S., Riller T., Ristorcelli I., Rocha G., Rosset C., Rowan-Robinson M., Rubino-Martin J. A., Rusholme B., Sandri M., Santos D., Savini G., Scott D., Seiffert M. D., Smoot G. F., Starck J. -L., Stivoli F., Stolyarov V., Sudiwala R., Sygnet J. -F., Tauber J. A., Terenzi L., Toffolatti L., Tomasi M., Torre J. -P., Toth V., Tristram M., Tuovinen J., Umana G., Valenziano L., Vielva P., Villa F., Vittorio N., Wade L. A., Wandelt B. D., Ysard N., Yvon D., Zacchei A., Zonca A., Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bhatia, R, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cantalupo, C, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J, Desert, F, Dickinson, C, Doi, Y, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, T, Falgarone, E, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Helou, G, Henrot-Versille, S, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hovest, W, Hoyland, R, Huffenberger, K, Ikeda, N, Jaffe, A, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kitamura, Y, Kneissl, R, Knox, L, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Laureijs, R, Lawrence, C, Leach, S, Leonardi, R, Leroy, C, Linden-Vornle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, MacIas-Perez, J, Mactavish, C, Maffei, B, Malinen, J, Mandolesi, N, Mann, R, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Mcgehee, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Meny, C, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, A, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Pagani, L, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Pelkonen, V, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Poutanen, T, Prezeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savini, G, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Smoot, G, Starck, J, Stivoli, F, Stolyarov, V, Sudiwala, R, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Torre, J, Toth, V, Tristram, M, Tuovinen, J, Umana, G, Valenziano, L, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Ysard, N, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Ade P. A. R., Aghanim N., Arnaud M., Ashdown M., Aumont J., Baccigalupi C., Balbi A., Banday A. J., Barreiro R. B., Bartlett J. G., Battaner E., Benabed K., Benoit A., Bernard J. -P., Bersanelli M., Bhatia R., Bock J. J., Bonaldi A., Bond J. R., Borrill J., Bouchet F. R., Boulanger F., Bucher M., Burigana C., Cabella P., Cantalupo C. M., Cardoso J. -F., Catalano A., Cayon L., Challinor A., Chamballu A., Chiang L. -Y., Christensen P. R., Clements D. L., Colombi S., Couchot F., Coulais A., Crill B. P., Cuttaia F., Danese L., Davies R. D., De Bernardis P., De Gasperis G., De Rosa A., De Zotti G., Delabrouille J., Delouis J. -M., Desert F. -X., Dickinson C., Doi Y., Donzelli S., Dore O., Dorl U., Douspis M., Dupac X., Efstathiou G., Ensslin T. A., Falgarone E., Finelli F., Forni O., Frailis M., Franceschi E., Galeotta S., Ganga K., Giard M., Giardino G., Giraud-Heraud Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo J., Gorski K. M., Gratton S., Gregorio A., Gruppuso A., Hansen F. K., Harrison D., Helou G., Henrot-Versille S., Herranz D., Hildebrandt S. R., Hivon E., Hobson M., Holmes W. A., Hovest W., Hoyland R. J., Huffenberger K. M., Ikeda N., Jaffe A. H., Jones W. C., Juvela M., Keihanen E., Keskitalo R., Kisner T. S., Kitamura Y., Kneissl R., Knox L., Kurki-Suonio H., Lagache G., Lamarre J. -M., Lasenby A., Laureijs R. J., Lawrence C. R., Leach S., Leonardi R., Leroy C., Linden-Vornle M., Lopez-Caniego M., Lubin P. M., MacIas-Perez J. F., MacTavish C. J., Maffei B., Malinen J., Mandolesi N., Mann R., Maris M., Marshall D. J., Martin P., Martinez-Gonzalez E., Masi S., Matarrese S., Matthai F., Mazzotta P., McGehee P., Melchiorri A., Mendes L., Mennella A., Meny C., Mitra S., Miville-Deschenes M. -A., Moneti A., Montier L., Morgante G., Mortlock D., Munshi D., Murphy A., Naselsky P., Nati F., Natoli P., Netterfield C. B., Norgaard-Nielsen H. U., Noviello F., Novikov D., Novikov I., Osborne S., Pagani L., Pajot F., Paladini R., Pasian F., Patanchon G., Pelkonen V. -M., Perdereau O., Perotto L., Perrotta F., Piacentini F., Piat M., Plaszczynski S., Pointecouteau E., Polenta G., Ponthieu N., Poutanen T., Prezeau G., Prunet S., Puget J. -L., Reach W. T., Rebolo R., Reinecke M., Renault C., Ricciardi S., Riller T., Ristorcelli I., Rocha G., Rosset C., Rowan-Robinson M., Rubino-Martin J. A., Rusholme B., Sandri M., Santos D., Savini G., Scott D., Seiffert M. D., Smoot G. F., Starck J. -L., Stivoli F., Stolyarov V., Sudiwala R., Sygnet J. -F., Tauber J. A., Terenzi L., Toffolatti L., Tomasi M., Torre J. -P., Toth V., Tristram M., Tuovinen J., Umana G., Valenziano L., Vielva P., Villa F., Vittorio N., Wade L. A., Wandelt B. D., Ysard N., Yvon D., Zacchei A., and Zonca A.

Abstract

We perform a detailed investigation of sources from the Cold Cores Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO). Our goal is to probe the reliability of the detections, validate the separation between warm and cold dust emission components, provide the first glimpse at the nature, internal morphology and physical characterictics of the Planck-detected sources. We focus on a sub-sample of ten sources from the C3PO list, selected to sample different environments, from high latitude cirrus to nearby (150pc) and remote (2kpc) molecular complexes. We present Planck surface brightness maps and derive the dust temperature, emissivity spectral index, and column densities of the fields. With the help of higher resolution Herschel and AKARI continuum observations and molecular line data, we investigate the morphology of the sources and the properties of the substructures at scales below the Planck beam size. The cold clumps detected by Planck are found to be located on large-scale filamentary (or cometary) structures that extend up to 20pc in the remote sources. The thickness of these filaments ranges between 0.3 and 3pc, for column densities NH2 ~ 0.1 to 1.6 × 1022 cm-2, and with linear mass density covering a broad range, between 15 and 400 M pc -1. The dust temperatures are low (between 10 and 15K) and the Planck cold clumps correspond to local minima of the line-of-sight averaged dust temperature in these fields. These low temperatures are confirmed when AKARI and Herschel data are added to the spectral energy distributions. Herschel data reveal a wealth of substructure within the Planck cold clumps. In all cases (except two sources harbouring young stellar objects), the substructures are found to be colder, with temperatures as low as 7K. Molecular line observations provide gas column densities which are consistent with those inferred from the dust. The linewidths are all supra-thermal, providing large virial linear mass densities in the range 10 to 300 M pc-1, comparable within f

Published
2011

73. Planck early results. XVIII

Author

Planck, Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Blagrave, K., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, Paolo, Cardoso, J. F., Catalano, Andrea, Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. Y., Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., DE BERNARDIS, Paolo, De Gasperis, G., De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. M., Desert, F. X., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud Heraud, Y., Gonzalez Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Grain, J., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., Linden Vornle, M., Lockman, F. J., Lopez Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macias Perez, J. F., Mactavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martin, P., Martinez Gonzalez, E., Masi, Silvia, Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville Deschenes, M. A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard Nielsen, H. U., Norgaard Nielsen, H. U., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Oliver, S., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, M., Goncalves, D. P., Pinheiro Goncalves, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, Gianluca, Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, Sara, Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan Robinson, M., Rubino Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, Giorgio, Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. L., Stivoli, Federico, Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Blagrave, K., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. Y, Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. M., Desert, F. X., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud Heraud, Y., Gonzalez Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Grain, J., Gratton, S., Gregorio, Anna, Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vornle, M., Lockman, F. J., Lopez Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macias Perez, J. F., Mactavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martin, P., Martinez Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville Deschenes, M. A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Norgaard Nielsen, H. U., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Oliver, S., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pinheiro Goncalves, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan Robinson, M., Rubino Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Universidad de Cantabria, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANCK, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Experimental Physics, Diffuse radiation, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Cosmic microwave background, submillimeter: diffuse background, galaxies, cosmology: observations, submillimeter: galaxies, diffuse radiation, diffuse background, cosmology, submillimeter, observations, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, CMB physic, CMB physics, Cosmic infrared background, observations [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB, Physics, Planck ESA mission, Cosmology: observations, Cosmology, Wavelength, diffuse radiation – submillimeter: diffuse background – submillimeter: galaxies – cosmology: observations, symbols, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, diffuse backround, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), education, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Halo occupation distribution, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], galaxies [Submillimeter], symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, diffuse background [Submillimeter], diffuse background – submillimeter: galaxies – cosmology: observations [diffuse radiation – submillimeter], Planck, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Submillimeter: diffuse background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Submillimeter: galaxies, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
Abstract

30 páginas, 21 figuras, 7 tablas.-- Planck Collaboration: et al., Using Planck maps of six regions of low Galactic dust emission with a total area of about 140 deg2, we determine the angular power spectra of cosmic infrared background (CIB) anisotropies from multipole ℓ = 200 to ℓ = 2000 at 217, 353, 545 and 857 GHz. We use 21-cm observations of Hi as a tracer of thermal dust emission to reduce the already low level of Galactic dust emission and use the 143 GHz Planck maps in these fields to clean out cosmic microwave background anisotropies. Both of these cleaning processes are necessary to avoid significant contamination of the CIB signal. We measure correlated CIB structure across frequencies. As expected, the correlation decreases with increasing frequency separation, because the contribution of high-redshift galaxies to CIB anisotropies increases with wavelengths. We find no significant difference between the frequency spectrum of the CIB anisotropies and the CIB mean, with ΔI / I = 15% from 217 to 857 GHz. In terms of clustering properties, the Planck data alone rule out the linear scale- and redshift-independent bias model. Non-linear corrections are significant. Consequently, we develop an alternative model that couples a dusty galaxy, parametric evolution model with a simple halo-model approach. It provides an excellent fit to the measured anisotropy angular power spectra and suggests that a different halo occupation distribution is required at each frequency, which is consistent with our expectation that each frequency is dominated by contributions from different redshifts. In our best-fit model, half of the anisotropy power at ℓ = 2000 comes from redshifts z < 0.8 at 857 GHz and z < 1.5 at 545 GHz, while about 90% come from redshifts z > 2 at 353 and 217 GHz, respectively., The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and DEISA (EU).

Published
2011

74. Planck early results. XXII. The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Planck Collaboration: Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enblin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., 池田, 紀夫, Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., 北村, 良実, Ikeda, Norio, Kitamura, Yoshimi, Planck Collaboration: Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enblin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., 池田, 紀夫, Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., 北村, 良実, Ikeda, Norio, and Kitamura, Yoshimi

Abstract

著者人数: 203名, Accepted: 2011-06-22

Published
2015

75. Planck intermediate results. IX. Detection of the Galactic haze with Planck

Author

Planck, Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. F., Catalano, Andrea, Cayon, L., Chary, R. R., Chiang, L. Y., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombo, L. P. L., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davis, R. J., DE BERNARDIS, Paolo, De Gasperis, G., De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dobler, G., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Gonzalez Nuevo, J., Gonzaalez Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot Versille, S., Hernandez Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, T. R., Jagemann, T., Jewell, J., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keihacn, E., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., Linden Vornle, M., Lopez Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macias Perez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P. G., Martinez Gonzalez, E., Masi, Silvia, Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nørgaard Nielsen, H. U., Norgaard Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, Gianluca, Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, Sara, Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, Giorgio, Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Spencer, L., Stivoli, Federico, Sudiwala, R., Suur Uski, A. S., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Turler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANCK, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, P. A. R., Ade, N., Aghanim, M., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, F., Atrio Barandela, J., Aumont, C., Baccigalupi, A., Balbi, A. J., Banday, R. B., Barreiro, J. G., Bartlett, E., Battaner, K., Benabed, A., Benoît, J. P., Bernard, M., Bersanelli, A., Bonaldi, J. R., Bond, J., Borrill, F. R., Bouchet, C., Burigana, P., Cabella, J. F., Cardoso, A., Catalano, L., Cayón, R. R., Chary, L. Y., Chiang, P. R., Christensen, D. L., Clement, L. P. L., Colombo, A., Coulai, B. P., Crill, F., Cuttaia, L., Danese, O., D’Arcangelo, R. J., Davi, P., de Bernardi, G., de Gasperi, A., de Rosa, G., de Zotti, J., Delabrouille, C., Dickinson, J. M., Diego, G., Dobler, H., Dole, S., Donzelli, O., Doré, U., Dörl, M., Douspi, X., Dupac, G., Efstathiou, T. A., Enßlin, H. K., Eriksen, F., Finelli, O., Forni, M., Fraili, E., Franceschi, S., Galeotta, K., Ganga, M., Giard, G., Giardino, J., González Nuevo, K. M., Górski, S., Gratton, Gregorio, Anna, A., Gruppuso, F. K., Hansen, D., Harrison, G., Helou, S., Henrot Versillé, C., Hernández Monteagudo, S. R., Hildebrandt, E., Hivon, M., Hobson, W. A., Holme, A., Hornstrup, W., Hovest, K. M., Huffenberger, T. R., Jaffe, T., Jagemann, J., Jewell, W. C., Jone, M., Juvela, E., Keihänen, J., Knoche, L., Knox, M., Kunz, H., Kurki Suonio, G., Lagache, A., Lähteenmäki, J. M., Lamarre, A., Lasenby, C. R., Lawrence, S., Leach, R., Leonardi, P. B., Lilje, M., Linden Vørnle, M., López Caniego, P. M., Lubin, J. F., Macías Pérez, B., Maffei, D., Maino, N., Mandolesi, M., Mari, D. J., Marshall, P. G., Martin, E., Martínez González, S., Masi, M., Massardi, S., Matarrese, F., Matthai, P., Mazzotta, P. R., Meinhold, A., Melchiorri, L., Mende, A., Mennella, S., Mitra, A., Moneti, L., Montier, G., Morgante, D., Munshi, J. A., Murphy, P., Naselsky, P., Natoli, H. U., Nørgaard Nielsen, F., Noviello, D., Novikov, I., Novikov, S., Osborne, F., Pajot, R., Paladini, D., Paoletti, B., Partridge, T. J., Pearson, O., Perdereau, F., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, M., Piat, E., Pierpaoli, D., Pietrobon, S., Plaszczynski, E., Pointecouteau, G., Polenta, N., Ponthieu, L., Popa, T., Poutanen, G. W., Pratt, S., Prunet, J. L., Puget, J. P., Rachen, R., Rebolo, M., Reinecke, C., Renault, S., Ricciardi, T., Riller, I., Ristorcelli, G., Rocha, C., Rosset, J. A., Rubiño Martín, B., Rusholme, M., Sandri, G., Savini, B. M., Schaefer, D., Scott, G. F., Smoot, L., Spencer, F., Stivoli, R., Sudiwala, A. S., Suur Uski, J. F., Sygnet, J. A., Tauber, L., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, M., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Türler, G., Umana, L., Valenziano, B., Van Tent, P., Vielva, F., Villa, N., Vittorio, L. A., Wade, B. D., Wandelt, M., White, D., Yvon, A., Zacchei, A., Zonca, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planck Collaboration, Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
radio continuum: ism, ism: bubbles, ism: structure, galaxy: nucleus, Haze, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, WMAP OBSERVATIONS, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, nucleu [Galaxy], High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Spectral index, Galaxy: nucleus, POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION, BAYESIAN COMPONENT SEPARATION, FOREGROUND EMISSION, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], CMB cold spot, Galaxy: nucleus / ISM: structure / ISM: bubbles / radio continuum: ISM, ISM: structure, ISM: bubbles, radio continuum: ISM, bubbles [ISM], Supernova, SPINNING DUST GRAINS, Radio continuum: ISM, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, symbols, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM EMISSION, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, education, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, NORTHERN SKY, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, bubble [ISM], PRE-LAUNCH STATUS, Planck, Disc, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, TEMPERATURE DATA, nucleus [Galaxy], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, nucleus, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE, ISM [Radio continuum], Galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), structure [ISM], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

Using precise full-sky observations from Planck, and applying several methods of component separation, we identify and characterise the emission fromthe Galactic “haze” at microwave wavelengths. The haze is a distinct component of diffuse Galactic emission, roughly centered on the Galactic centre, and extends to |b| ∼ 35−50◦ in Galactic latitude and |l| ∼ 15−20◦ in longitude. By combining the Planck data with observations from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, we were able to determine the spectrum of this emission to high accuracy, unhindered by the strong systematic biases present in previous analyses. The derived spectrum is consistent with power-law emission with a spectral index of −2.56 ± 0.05, thus excluding free-free emission as the source and instead favouring hard-spectrum synchrotron radiation from an electron population with a spectrum (number density per energy) dN/dE ∝ E−2.1. At Galactic latitudes |b| < 30◦, the microwave haze morphology is consistent with that of the Fermi gamma-ray “haze” or “bubbles”, while at b ∼ −50◦ we have identified an edge in the microwave haze that is spatially coincident with the edge in the gamma-ray bubbles. Taken together, this indicates that we have a multi-wavelength view of a distinct component of our Galaxy. Given both the very hard spectrum and the extended nature of the emission, it is highly unlikely that the haze electrons result from supernova shocks in the Galactic disk. Instead, a new astrophysical mechanism for cosmic-ray acceleration in the inner Galaxy is implied., European Space Agency, Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Italian National Research Council, Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF), National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA), United States Department of Energy (DOE), Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UKSA (UK), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Spanish Government, JA (Spain), Finnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES), AoF (Finland), CSC (Finland), Helmholtz Association German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Max Planck Society, CSA (Canada), DTU Space (Denmark), SER/SSO (Switzerland), RCN (Norway), Science Foundation Ireland, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, European Union (EU), Harvey L. Karp Discovery Award, Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/G003874/1 ST/J00152X/1 ST/J001562/1 ST/J004812/1 ST/I005765/1 ST/J001538/1 ST/K000985/1 ST/K003674/1 ST/L001314/1

Published
2013

76. Planck intermediate results V. Pressure profiles of galaxy clusters from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect:(Corrigendum - vol 550, A131, 2013)

Author

Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bikmaev, I., Bobin, J., Boehringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borgani, S., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M. L., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Carvalho, P., Castex, G., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L-Y, Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Churazov, E., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Comis, B., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Democles, J., Desert, F. -X., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Doerl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Khamitov, I., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Le Jeune, M., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P. B., Lopez-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macias-Perez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Welikala, N., White, S. D. M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., and Planck Collaboration

Abstract

This article is an erratum

Published
2013

77. Planck intermediate results VI

Author

Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bikmaev, I., Bohringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. F., Castex, G., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Comis, Barbara, Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R. J., DE BERNARDIS, Paolo, De Gasperis, G., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Democles, J., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Gilfanov, M., Giraud Heraud, Y., Gonzalez Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Heinamaki, P., Hempel, A., Henrot Versille, S., Hernandez Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Khamitov, I., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Le Jeune, M., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., Lopez Caniego, M., Luzzi, Gemma, Macias Perez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martinez Gonzalez, E., Masi, Silvia, Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, J. B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville Deschenes, M. A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, Federico, Natoli, P., Nørgaard Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, Gianluca, Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, Sara, Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, Giorgio, Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. L., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur Uski, A. S., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Welikala, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zaroubi, S., and Zonca, A.

Published
2013

78. Planck early results. XXVI. Detection with Planck and confirmation by XMM-Newton of PLCK G266.6-27.3, an exceptionally X-ray luminous and massive galaxy cluster at z similar to 1

Author

Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., J. . . P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Boehringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borgani, S., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Brown, M. L., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cappellini, B., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., L. . . Y., Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Churazov, E., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Silva, A. D., Dahle, H., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davis, R. J., Bernardis, P. d., Gasperis, G. d., Zotti, G. d., Delabrouille, J., J. . . M., Democles, J., F. . . X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Gonzalez Nuevo, J., Gonzalez Riestra, R., Gorski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Heinamaki, P., Hernandez Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Kurki Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. L., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Liddle, A., Lilje, P. B., Lopez Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macias Perez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Marleau, F., Martinez Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., J. . . B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., M. . . A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Naselsky, P., Natoli, Paolo, Nevalainen, J., Norgaard Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., J. . . L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rubino Martin, J. A., Saar, E., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Sutton, D., J. . . F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuerler, M., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Weller, J., S. D. M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects
Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica
Published
2011

79. Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue

Author

Planck, Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, Paolo, Cantalupo, C. M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J. F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, Andrea, Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. R., Chen, X., Chiang, L. Y., Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davis, R. J., DE BERNARDIS, Paolo, De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. M., Desert, F. X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giraud Heraud, Y., Gonzalez Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Haissinski, J., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot Versille, S., Hernandez Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Huynh, M., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., Leon Tavares, J., Leroy, C., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vornle, M., Linden Vørnle, M., Lopez Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macias Perez, J. F., Mactavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martinez Gonzalez, E., Masi, Silvia, Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mcgehee, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, J. B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville Deschenes, M. A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Norgaard Nielsen, H. U., Nørgaard Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, M., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, Gianluca, Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, Sara, Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan Robinson, M., Rubino Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sajina, A., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, Giorgio, Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. L., Stivoli, Federico, Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., White, S. D. M., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PLANCK, Universidad de Cantabria, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Experimental Physics, Radio galaxy, radio continuum: general, Astrophysics, Surveys, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, submillimeter, observations [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, QB, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), general [Radio continuum], [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Cosmology: observations, submillimeter: general, observations, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, symbols, Cosmology general observations, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, radio continuum, cosmology: observations, surveys, catalogs, cosmology, general, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, education, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmology: observations, surveys, catalogs, radio continuum: general, submillimeter: general, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Planck, Blazar, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Molecular cloud, Astronomy and Astrophysics, general [submillimeter], [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Catalogues, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Interstellar medium, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
Abstract

26 páginas, 18 figuras, 7 tablas.-- Planck Collaboration: et al., A brief description of the methodology of construction, contents and usage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC), including the Early Cold Cores (ECC) and the Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) cluster catalogue is provided. The catalogue is based on data that consist of mapping the entire sky once and 60% of the sky a second time by Planck, thereby comprising the first high sensitivity radio/submillimetre observations of the entire sky. Four source detection algorithms were run as part of the ERCSC pipeline. A Monte-Carlo algorithm based on the injection and extraction of artificial sources into the Planck maps was implemented to select reliable sources among all extracted candidates such that the cumulative reliability of the catalogue is ≥90%. There is no requirement on completeness for the ERCSC. As a result of the Monte-Carlo assessment of reliability of sources from the different techniques, an implementation of the PowellSnakes source extraction technique was used at the five frequencies between 30 and 143GHz while the SExtractor technique was used between 217 and 857GHz. The 10σ photometric flux density limit of the catalogue at |b| > 30° is 0.49, 1.0, 0.67, 0.5, 0.33, 0.28, 0.25, 0.47 and 0.82 Jy at each of the nine frequencies between 30 and 857GHz. Sources which are up to a factor of ~2 fainter than this limit, and which are present in “clean” regions of the Galaxy where the sky background due to emission from the interstellar medium is low, are included in the ERCSC if they meet the high reliability criterion. The Planck ERCSC sources have known associations to stars with dust shells, stellar cores, radio galaxies, blazars, infrared luminous galaxies and Galactic interstellar medium features. A significant fraction of unclassified sources are also present in the catalogs. In addition, two early release catalogs that contain 915 cold molecular cloud core candidates and 189 SZ cluster candidates that have been generated using multifrequency algorithms are presented. The entire source list, with more than 15000 unique sources, is ripe for follow-up characterisation with Herschel, ATCA, VLA, SOFIA, ALMA and other ground-based observing facilities., The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and DEISA (EU).

Published
2011

80. Planck intermediate results X. Physics of the hot gas in the Coma cluster

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bikmaev, I., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M.L., brown, S.D., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chiang, L.-Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombo, L.P.L., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Gilfanov, M., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K.M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T.R., Jagemann, T., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Khamitov, I., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C.R., Le Jeune, M., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rudnick, L., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Smoot, G.F., Stivoli, F., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Welikala, N., White, S.D.M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zaroubi, S., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bikmaev, I., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M.L., brown, S.D., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chiang, L.-Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombo, L.P.L., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Gilfanov, M., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K.M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T.R., Jagemann, T., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Khamitov, I., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C.R., Le Jeune, M., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rudnick, L., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Smoot, G.F., Stivoli, F., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Welikala, N., White, S.D.M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zaroubi, S., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We present an analysis of Planck satellite data on the Coma cluster observed via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. Thanks to its great sensitivity, Planck is able, for the first time, to detect SZ emission up to r ≈ 3 × R500. We test previously proposed spherically symmetric models for the pressure distribution in clusters against the azimuthally averaged data. In particular, we find that the Arnaud et al. (2010, A&A, 517, A92) “universal” pressure profile does not fit Coma, and that their pressure profile for merging systems provides a reasonable fit to the data only at r < R500; by r = 2 × R500 it underestimates the observed y profile by a factor of ≃2. This may indicate that at these larger radii either: i) the cluster SZ emission is contaminated by unresolved SZ sources along the line of sight; or ii) the pressure profile of Coma is higher at r > R500 than the mean pressure profile predicted by the simulations used to constrain the models. The Planck image shows significant local steepening of the y profile in two regions about half a degree to the west and to the south-east of the cluster centre. These features are consistent with the presence of shock fronts at these radii, and indeed the western feature was previously noticed in the ROSAT PSPC mosaic as well as in the radio. Using Plancky profiles extracted from corresponding sectors we find pressure jumps of 4.9-0.2+0.4 and 5.0-0.1+1.3 in the west and south-east, respectively. Assuming Rankine-Hugoniot pressure jump conditions, we deduce that the shock waves should propagate with Mach number Mw = 2.03-0.04+0.09 and Mse = 2.05-0.02+0.25 in the west and south-east, respectively. Finally, we find that the y and radio-synchrotron signals are quasi-linearly correlated on Mpc scales, with small intrinsic scatter. This implies either that the energy density of cosmic-ray electrons is relatively constant throughout the cluster, or that the magnetic fields fall off much more slowly with radius than previously thought.

Published
2013

81. Planck intermediate results (Corrigendum) V. Pressure profiles of galaxy clusters from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bikmaev, I., Bobin, J., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borgani, S., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M.L., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Carvalho, P., Castex, G., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Colombo, L.P.L., Comis, B., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A.H., Jaffe, T.R., Jagemann, T., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Khamitov, I., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C.R., Le Jeune, M., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P.B., Lopez-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D.J., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Welikala, N., White, S.D.M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bikmaev, I., Bobin, J., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borgani, S., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M.L., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Carvalho, P., Castex, G., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Colombo, L.P.L., Comis, B., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A.H., Jaffe, T.R., Jagemann, T., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Khamitov, I., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C.R., Le Jeune, M., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P.B., Lopez-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D.J., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Welikala, N., White, S.D.M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We have developed an approximate technique, based on the principles of multi-mode Gaussian optics, for studying the behaviour of shaped off-axis mirrors. We describe a mirror as an inclined phase-transforming plane, where the phase transformation across the plane is determined by the depth of the mirror as a function of position. The scattering matrix is calculated in the usual way by evaluating the overlap integrals over some surface for which the amplitudes and phases of the incoming and outgoing fields are known; because, however, the modes are not orthogonal over the surface of interest, a system of linear equations has to be solved. We demonstrate the “thin-mirror” technique by studying the behaviour of paraboloidal and ellipsoidal mirros, and we show how the performance of measured and approximate surfaces can be assessed.

Published
2013

82. Planck intermediate results IX. Detection of the Galactic haze with Planck

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombo, L.P.L., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J.M., Dobler, G., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, T.R., Jagemann, T., Jewell, J., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marshall, D.J., Martin, P.G., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Smoot, G.F., Spencer, L., Stivoli, F., Sudiwala, R., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Turler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombo, L.P.L., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J.M., Dobler, G., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, T.R., Jagemann, T., Jewell, J., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marshall, D.J., Martin, P.G., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Smoot, G.F., Spencer, L., Stivoli, F., Sudiwala, R., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Turler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

Using precise full-sky observations from Planck, and applying several methods of component separation, we identify and characterise the emission from the Galactic “haze” at microwave wavelengths. The haze is a distinct component of diffuse Galactic emission, roughly centered on the Galactic centre, and extends to | b | ~ 35−50° in Galactic latitude and | l | ~ 15−20° in longitude. By combining the Planck data with observations from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, we were able to determine the spectrum of this emission to high accuracy, unhindered by the strong systematic biases present in previous analyses. The derived spectrum is consistent with power-law emission with a spectral index of −2.56 ± 0.05, thus excluding free-free emission as the source and instead favouring hard-spectrum synchrotron radiation from an electron population with a spectrum (number density per energy) dN/dE ∝ E-2.1. At Galactic latitudes | b | < 30°, the microwave haze morphology is consistent with that of the Fermi gamma-ray “haze” or “bubbles”, while at b ~ −50° we have identified an edge in the microwave haze that is spatially coincident with the edge in the gamma-ray bubbles. Taken together, this indicates that we have a multi-wavelength view of a distinct component of our Galaxy. Given both the very hard spectrum and the extended nature of the emission, it is highly unlikely that the haze electrons result from supernova shocks in the Galactic disk. Instead, a new astrophysical mechanism for cosmic-ray acceleration in the inner Galaxy is implied.

Published
2013

83. Planck intermediate results VIII. Filaments between interacting clusters

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bikmaev, I., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bourdin, H., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Castex, G., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chamballu, A., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombo, L.P.L., Comis, B., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Gilfanov, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T.R., Jaffe, A.H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Khamitov, I., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C.R., Le Jeune, M., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Luzzi, G., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D.J., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Welikala, N., White, S.D.M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bikmaev, I., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bourdin, H., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Castex, G., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chamballu, A., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombo, L.P.L., Comis, B., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Gilfanov, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T.R., Jaffe, A.H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Khamitov, I., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C.R., Le Jeune, M., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Luzzi, G., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D.J., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Welikala, N., White, S.D.M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

Context. About half of the baryons of the Universe are expected to be in the form of filaments of hot and low-density intergalactic medium. Most of these baryons remain undetected even by the most advanced X-ray observatories, which are limited in sensitivity to the diffuse low-density medium. Aims. The Planck satellite has provided hundreds of detections of the hot gas in clusters of galaxies via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect and is an ideal instrument for studying extended low-density media through the tSZ effect. In this paper we use the Planck data to search for signatures of a fraction of these missing baryons between pairs of galaxy clusters. Methods. Cluster pairs are good candidates for searching for the hotter and denser phase of the intergalactic medium (which is more easily observed through the SZ effect). Using an X-ray catalogue of clusters and the Planck data, we selected physical pairs of clusters as candidates. Using the Planck data, we constructed a local map of the tSZ effect centred on each pair of galaxy clusters. ROSAT data were used to construct X-ray maps of these pairs. After modelling and subtracting the tSZ effect and X-ray emission for each cluster in the pair, we studied the residuals on both the SZ and X-ray maps. Results. For the merging cluster pair A399-A401 we observe a significant tSZ effect signal in the intercluster region beyond the virial radii of the clusters. A joint X-ray SZ analysis allows us to constrain the temperature and density of this intercluster medium. We obtain a temperature of kT = 7.1 ± 0.9 keV (consistent with previous estimates) and a baryon density of (3.7 ± 0.2) × 10-4 cm-3. Conclusions. The Planck satellite mission has provided the first SZ detection of the hot and diffuse intercluster gas.

Published
2013

84. Planck intermediate results: VIII. Filaments between interacting clusters

Author

Collaboration, P, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bhatia, R, Bikmaev, I, Bohringer, H, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Bourdin, H, Burenin, R, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cardoso, J, Castex, G, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Chamballu, A, Chary, R, Chiang, L, Chon, G, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colafrancesco, S, Colombo, L, Comis, B, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Da Silva, A, Dahle, H, Danese, L, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Democles, J, Desert, F, Diego, J, Dolag, K, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, T, Eriksen, H, Finelli, F, Flores-Cacho, I, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Frommert, M, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Genova-Santos, R, Giard, M, Gilfanov, M, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Hempel, A, Henrot-Versille, S, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hovest, W, Hurier, G, Jaffe, T, Jaffe, A, Jagemann, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Khamitov, I, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Le Jeune, M, Leonardi, R, Lilje, P, Linden-Vørnle, M, Linden-Vornle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, Luzzi, G, Macias-Perez, J, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marleau, F, Marshall, D, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Mei, S, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Pajot, F, Paoletti, D, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Piffaretti, R, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Roman, M, Rosset, C, Rossetti, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Schaefer, B, Scott, D, Smoot, G, Starck, J, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sutton, D, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Valenziano, L, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Welikala, N, White, S, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Planck Collaboration, P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, J.G. Bartlett, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoit, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, R. Bhatia, I. Bikmaev, H. Bohringer, A. Bonaldi, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, H. Bourdin, R. Burenin, C. Burigana, P. Cabella, J.F. Cardoso, G. Castex, A. Catalano, L. Cayon, A. Chamballu, R.R. Chary, L.Y. Chiang, G. Chon, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colafrancesco, L.P.L. Colombo, Barbara Comis, A. Coulais, B.P. Crill, F. Cuttaia, A. Da Silva, H. Dahle, L. Danese, R.J. Davis, Paolo De Bernardis, G. De Gasperis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, J. Democles, F.X. Desert, J.M. Diego, K. Dolag, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Dore, U. Dorl, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, T.A. Ensslin, H.K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, I. Flores-Cacho, O. Forni, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, M. Frommert, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, R.T. Genova-Santos, M. Giard, M. Gilfanov, Y. Giraud-Heraud, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K.M. Gorski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, F.K. Hansen, D. Harrison, A. Hempel, S. Henrot-Versille, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S.R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W.A. Holmes, W. Hovest, G. Hurier, T.R. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, T. Jagemann, W.C. Jones, M. Juvela, I. Khamitov, T.S. Kisner, R. Kneissl, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, C.R. Lawrence, M. Le Jeune, R. Leonardi, P.B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. Linden-Vornle, M. Lopez-Caniego, P.M. Lubin, Gemma Luzzi, J.F. Macias-Perez, B. Maffei, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, F. Marleau, D.J. Marshall, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Silvia Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, F. Matthai, P. Mazzotta, S. Mei, Alessandro Melchiorri, J.B. Melin, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, Federico Nati, P. Natoli, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, S. Osborne, F. Pajot, D. Paoletti, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, R. Piffaretti, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, Gianluca Polenta, N. Ponthieu, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G.W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J.L. Puget, J.P. Rachen, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, C. Renault, S. Ricciardi, T. Riller, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, M. Roman, C. Rosset, M. Rossetti, J.A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, M. Sandri, Giorgio Savini, B.M. Schaefer, D. Scott, G.F. Smoot, J.L. Starck, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, D. Sutton, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, L. Valenziano, B. Van Tent, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, N. Welikala, S.D.M. White, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca, Collaboration, P, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bhatia, R, Bikmaev, I, Bohringer, H, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Bourdin, H, Burenin, R, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cardoso, J, Castex, G, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Chamballu, A, Chary, R, Chiang, L, Chon, G, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colafrancesco, S, Colombo, L, Comis, B, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Da Silva, A, Dahle, H, Danese, L, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Democles, J, Desert, F, Diego, J, Dolag, K, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, T, Eriksen, H, Finelli, F, Flores-Cacho, I, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Frommert, M, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Genova-Santos, R, Giard, M, Gilfanov, M, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Hempel, A, Henrot-Versille, S, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hovest, W, Hurier, G, Jaffe, T, Jaffe, A, Jagemann, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Khamitov, I, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Le Jeune, M, Leonardi, R, Lilje, P, Linden-Vørnle, M, Linden-Vornle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, Luzzi, G, Macias-Perez, J, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marleau, F, Marshall, D, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Mei, S, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Pajot, F, Paoletti, D, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Piffaretti, R, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Roman, M, Rosset, C, Rossetti, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Schaefer, B, Scott, D, Smoot, G, Starck, J, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sutton, D, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Valenziano, L, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Welikala, N, White, S, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Planck Collaboration, P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, J.G. Bartlett, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoit, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, R. Bhatia, I. Bikmaev, H. Bohringer, A. Bonaldi, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, H. Bourdin, R. Burenin, C. Burigana, P. Cabella, J.F. Cardoso, G. Castex, A. Catalano, L. Cayon, A. Chamballu, R.R. Chary, L.Y. Chiang, G. Chon, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colafrancesco, L.P.L. Colombo, Barbara Comis, A. Coulais, B.P. Crill, F. Cuttaia, A. Da Silva, H. Dahle, L. Danese, R.J. Davis, Paolo De Bernardis, G. De Gasperis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, J. Democles, F.X. Desert, J.M. Diego, K. Dolag, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Dore, U. Dorl, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, T.A. Ensslin, H.K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, I. Flores-Cacho, O. Forni, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, M. Frommert, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, R.T. Genova-Santos, M. Giard, M. Gilfanov, Y. Giraud-Heraud, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K.M. Gorski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, F.K. Hansen, D. Harrison, A. Hempel, S. Henrot-Versille, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S.R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W.A. Holmes, W. Hovest, G. Hurier, T.R. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, T. Jagemann, W.C. Jones, M. Juvela, I. Khamitov, T.S. Kisner, R. Kneissl, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, C.R. Lawrence, M. Le Jeune, R. Leonardi, P.B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. Linden-Vornle, M. Lopez-Caniego, P.M. Lubin, Gemma Luzzi, J.F. Macias-Perez, B. Maffei, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, F. Marleau, D.J. Marshall, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Silvia Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, F. Matthai, P. Mazzotta, S. Mei, Alessandro Melchiorri, J.B. Melin, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, Federico Nati, P. Natoli, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, S. Osborne, F. Pajot, D. Paoletti, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, R. Piffaretti, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, Gianluca Polenta, N. Ponthieu, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G.W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J.L. Puget, J.P. Rachen, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, C. Renault, S. Ricciardi, T. Riller, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, M. Roman, C. Rosset, M. Rossetti, J.A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, M. Sandri, Giorgio Savini, B.M. Schaefer, D. Scott, G.F. Smoot, J.L. Starck, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, D. Sutton, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, L. Valenziano, B. Van Tent, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, N. Welikala, S.D.M. White, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, and A. Zonca

Abstract

Context. About half of the baryons of the Universe are expected to be in the form of filaments of hot and low-density intergalactic medium. Most of these baryons remain undetected even by the most advanced X-ray observatories, which are limited in sensitivity to the diffuse low-density medium. Aims. The Planck satellite has provided hundreds of detections of the hot gas in clusters of galaxies via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect and is an ideal instrument for studying extended low-density media through the tSZ effect. In this paper we use the Planck data to search for signatures of a fraction of these missing baryons between pairs of galaxy clusters. Methods. Cluster pairs are good candidates for searching for the hotter and denser phase of the intergalactic medium (which is more easily observed through the SZ effect). Using an X-ray catalogue of clusters and the Planck data, we selected physical pairs of clusters as candidates. Using the Planck data, we constructed a local map of the tSZ effect centred on each pair of galaxy clusters. ROSAT data were used to construct X-ray maps of these pairs. After modelling and subtracting the tSZ effect and X-ray emission for each cluster in the pair, we studied the residuals on both the SZ and X-ray maps. Results. For the merging cluster pair A399-A401 we observe a significant tSZ effect signal in the intercluster region beyond the virial radii of the clusters. A joint X-ray SZ analysis allows us to constrain the temperature and density of this intercluster medium. We obtain a temperature of kT = 7.1 ± 0.9 keV (consistent with previous estimates) and a baryon density of (3.7 ± 0.2) × 10-4 cm -3. Conclusions. The Planck satellite mission has provided the first SZ detection of the hot and diffuse intercluster gas.

Published
2013

85. Planck intermediate results VII. Statistical properties of infrared and radio extragalactic sources from the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue at frequencies between 100 and 857 GHz

Author

Collaboration, P, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Argueso, F, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bethermin, M, Bhatia, R, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Chamballu, A, Chary, R, Chen, X, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colafrancesco, S, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, T, Eriksen, H, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Fosalba, P, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Henrot-Versille, S, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Jaffe, T, Jaffe, A, Jagemann, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurinsky, N, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lahteenmaki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Leonardi, R, Lilje, P, Lopez-Caniego, M, Macias-Perez, J, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sajina, A, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Smoot, G, Starck, J, Sudiwala, R, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Turler, M, Valenziano, L, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, White, M, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Planck Collaboration, P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, F. Argueso, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoit, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, M. Bethermin, R. Bhatia, A. Bonaldi, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, C. Burigana, P. Cabella, J.F. Cardoso, A. Catalano, L. Cayon, A. Chamballu, R.R. Chary, X. Chen, L.Y. Chiang, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colafrancesco, S. Colombi, L.P.L. Colombo, A. Coulais, B.P. Crill, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R.J. Davis, Paolo De Bernardis, G. De Gasperis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J.M. Diego, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Dore, U. Dorl, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, T.A. Ensslin, H.K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, O. Forni, P. Fosalba, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, M. Giard, G. Giardino, Y. Giraud-Heraud, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K.M. Gorski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, F.K. Hansen, D. Harrison, S. Henrot-Versille, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S.R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W.A. Holmes, T.R. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, T. Jagemann, W.C. Jones, M. Juvela, E. Keihanen, T.S. Kisner, R. Kneissl, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, N. Kurinsky, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lahteenmaki, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, C.R. Lawrence, R. Leonardi, P.B. Lilje, M. Lopez-Caniego, J.F. Macias-Perez, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D.J. Marshall, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Silvia Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, P. Mazzotta, Alessandro Melchiorri, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, Federico Nati, P. Natoli, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, S. Osborne, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, D. Paoletti, B. Partridge, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, Gianluca Polenta, N. Ponthieu, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G.W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J.L. Puget, J.P. Rachen, W.T. Reach, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, C. Renault, S. Ricciardi, T. Riller, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, M. Rowan-Robinson, J.A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, A. Sajina, M. Sandri, Giorgio Savini, D. Scott, G.F. Smoot, J.L. Starck, R. Sudiwala, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, M. Turler, L. Valenziano, B. Van Tent, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, M. White, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca, Collaboration, P, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Argueso, F, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bethermin, M, Bhatia, R, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Chamballu, A, Chary, R, Chen, X, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colafrancesco, S, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, T, Eriksen, H, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Fosalba, P, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Henrot-Versille, S, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Jaffe, T, Jaffe, A, Jagemann, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurinsky, N, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lahteenmaki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Leonardi, R, Lilje, P, Lopez-Caniego, M, Macias-Perez, J, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sajina, A, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Smoot, G, Starck, J, Sudiwala, R, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Turler, M, Valenziano, L, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, White, M, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Planck Collaboration, P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, F. Argueso, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoit, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, M. Bethermin, R. Bhatia, A. Bonaldi, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, C. Burigana, P. Cabella, J.F. Cardoso, A. Catalano, L. Cayon, A. Chamballu, R.R. Chary, X. Chen, L.Y. Chiang, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colafrancesco, S. Colombi, L.P.L. Colombo, A. Coulais, B.P. Crill, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R.J. Davis, Paolo De Bernardis, G. De Gasperis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J.M. Diego, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Dore, U. Dorl, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, T.A. Ensslin, H.K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, O. Forni, P. Fosalba, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, M. Giard, G. Giardino, Y. Giraud-Heraud, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K.M. Gorski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, F.K. Hansen, D. Harrison, S. Henrot-Versille, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S.R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W.A. Holmes, T.R. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, T. Jagemann, W.C. Jones, M. Juvela, E. Keihanen, T.S. Kisner, R. Kneissl, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, N. Kurinsky, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lahteenmaki, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, C.R. Lawrence, R. Leonardi, P.B. Lilje, M. Lopez-Caniego, J.F. Macias-Perez, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D.J. Marshall, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Silvia Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, P. Mazzotta, Alessandro Melchiorri, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, Federico Nati, P. Natoli, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, S. Osborne, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, D. Paoletti, B. Partridge, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, Gianluca Polenta, N. Ponthieu, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G.W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J.L. Puget, J.P. Rachen, W.T. Reach, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, C. Renault, S. Ricciardi, T. Riller, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, M. Rowan-Robinson, J.A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, A. Sajina, M. Sandri, Giorgio Savini, D. Scott, G.F. Smoot, J.L. Starck, R. Sudiwala, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, M. Turler, L. Valenziano, B. Van Tent, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, M. White, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, and A. Zonca

Abstract

We make use of the Planck all-sky survey to derive number counts and spectral indices of extragalactic sources - infrared and radio sources - from the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) at 100 to 857 GHz (3mm to 350 mu m). Three zones (deep, medium and shallow) of approximately homogeneous coverage are used to permit a clean and controlled correction for incompleteness, which was explicitly not done for the ERCSC, as it was aimed at providing lists of sources to be followed up. Our sample, prior to the 80% completeness cut, contains between 217 sources at 100 GHz and 1058 sources at 857 GHz over about 12 800 to 16 550 deg(2) (31 to 40% of the sky). After the 80% completeness cut, between 122 and 452 and sources remain, with flux densities above 0.3 and 1.9 Jy at 100 and 857 GHz. The sample so defined can be used for statistical analysis. Using the multi-frequency coverage of the Planck High Frequency Instrument, all the sources have been classified as either dust-dominated (infrared galaxies) or synchrotron-dominated (radio galaxies) on the basis of their spectral energy distributions (SED). Our sample is thus complete, flux-limited and color-selected to differentiate between the two populations. We find an approximately equal number of synchrotron and dusty sources between 217 and 353 GHz; at 353 GHz or higher (or 217 GHz and lower) frequencies, the number is dominated by dusty (synchrotron) sources, as expected. For most of the sources, the spectral indices are also derived. We provide for the first time counts of bright sources from 353 to 857 GHz and the contributions from dusty and synchrotron sources at all HFI frequencies in the key spectral range where these spectra are crossing. The observed counts are in the Euclidean regime. The number counts are compared to previously published data (from earlier Planck results, Herschel, BLAST, SCUBA, LABOCA, SPT, and ACT) and models taking into account both radio or infrared galaxies, and covering a

Published
2013

86. Planck intermediate results I. Further validation of new Planck clusters with XMM-Newton

Author

Aghanim, N., Collaboration, Planck, Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Boehringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M. L., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Democles, J., Desert, F. -X., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gonzalez-Riestra, R., Gorski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hornstrup, Allan, Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jagemann, T., Jasche, J., Juvela, M., Keihaenen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P. B., Lopez-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macias-Perez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschenes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Noviello, F., Osborne, S., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Weller, J., White, S. D. M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Aghanim, N., Collaboration, Planck, Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Boehringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M. L., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Democles, J., Desert, F. -X., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gonzalez-Riestra, R., Gorski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hornstrup, Allan, Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jagemann, T., Jasche, J., Juvela, M., Keihaenen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P. B., Lopez-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macias-Perez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschenes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Noviello, F., Osborne, S., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Weller, J., White, S. D. M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We present further results from the ongoing XMM-Newton validation follow-up of Planck cluster candidates, detailing X-ray observations of eleven candidates detected at a signal-to-noise ratio of 4.5

Published
2012

87. Planck early results. I. The Planck mission

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Baker, M., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Bennett, D., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bradshaw, T., Bremer, M., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R.C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Carr, R., Casale, M., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Charra, J., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Crone, G., Crook, M., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davies, R.D., De Bernardis, P., de Bruin, J., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dick, J., Dickinson, C., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Foley, S., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Freschi, M., Gaier, T.C., Galeotta, S., Gallegos, J., Gandolfo, B., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Gienger, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez, J., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorkski, M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Guyot, G., Haissinski, J., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W.C., Juillet, J.J., Juvela, M., Kangaslahti, P., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Krassenburg, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lange, A.E., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leahy, J.P., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lowe, S., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maciaszek, T., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McDonald, A., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mevi, C., Miniscalco, R., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Morrisset, N., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I.J., Ortiz, I., Osborne, S., Osuna, P., Oxborrow, C.A., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Passvogel, T., Patanchon, G., Pearson, D., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Reix, J.-M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Salerno, E., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Simonetto, A., Smoot, G.F., Sozzi, C., Starck, J.-L., Sternberg, J., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tapiador, D., Tauber, J.A., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, D., Terenzi, L., Texier, D., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Tuttlebee, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Varis, J., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Watson, C., White, S.D.M., White, M., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Baker, M., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Bennett, D., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bradshaw, T., Bremer, M., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R.C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Carr, R., Casale, M., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Charra, J., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Crone, G., Crook, M., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davies, R.D., De Bernardis, P., de Bruin, J., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dick, J., Dickinson, C., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Foley, S., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Freschi, M., Gaier, T.C., Galeotta, S., Gallegos, J., Gandolfo, B., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Gienger, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez, J., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorkski, M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Guyot, G., Haissinski, J., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W.C., Juillet, J.J., Juvela, M., Kangaslahti, P., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Krassenburg, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lange, A.E., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leahy, J.P., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lowe, S., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maciaszek, T., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McDonald, A., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mevi, C., Miniscalco, R., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Morrisset, N., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I.J., Ortiz, I., Osborne, S., Osuna, P., Oxborrow, C.A., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Passvogel, T., Patanchon, G., Pearson, D., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Reix, J.-M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Salerno, E., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Simonetto, A., Smoot, G.F., Sozzi, C., Starck, J.-L., Sternberg, J., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tapiador, D., Tauber, J.A., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, D., Terenzi, L., Texier, D., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Tuttlebee, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Varis, J., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Watson, C., White, S.D.M., White, M., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

The European Space Agency’s Planck satellite was launched on 14 May 2009, and has been surveying the sky stably and continuously since 13 August 2009. Its performance is well in line with expectations, and it will continue to gather scientific data until the end of its cryogenic lifetime. We give an overview of the history of Planck in its first year of operations, and describe some of the key performance aspects of the satellite. This paper is part of a package submitted in conjunction with Planck’s Early Release Compact Source Catalogue, the first data product based on Planck to be released publicly. The package describes the scientific performance of the Planck payload, and presents results on a variety of astrophysical topics related to the sources included in the Catalogue, as well as selected topics on diffuse emission.

Published
2011

88. Planck early results. XIV. ERCSC validation and extreme radio sources

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Angelakis, E., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R.-R., Chen, X., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fuhrmann, L., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Huynh, M., Jaffe, A.H., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Krichbaum, T.P., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lavonen, N., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leahy, J.P., Leonardi, R., Leon-Tavares, J., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mingaliev, M., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nestoras, I., Netterfield, C.B., Nieppola, K., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Procopio, P., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Riquelme, D., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sajina, A., Sandri, M., Savolainen, P., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Sievers, A., Smoot, G.F., Sotnikova, Y., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tammi, J., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tornikoski, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Turunen, M., Umana, G., Ungerechts, H., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zensus, J.A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Angelakis, E., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R.-R., Chen, X., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fuhrmann, L., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Huynh, M., Jaffe, A.H., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Krichbaum, T.P., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lavonen, N., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leahy, J.P., Leonardi, R., Leon-Tavares, J., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mingaliev, M., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nestoras, I., Netterfield, C.B., Nieppola, K., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Procopio, P., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Riquelme, D., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sajina, A., Sandri, M., Savolainen, P., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Sievers, A., Smoot, G.F., Sotnikova, Y., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tammi, J., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tornikoski, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Turunen, M., Umana, G., Ungerechts, H., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zensus, J.A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

Planck’s all-sky surveys at 30−857 GHz provide an unprecedented opportunity to follow the radio spectra of a large sample of extragalactic sources to frequencies 2−20 times higher than allowed by past, large-area, ground-based surveys. We combine the results of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalog (ERCSC) with quasi-simultaneous ground-based observations as well as archival data at frequencies below or overlapping Planck frequency bands, to validate the astrometry and photometry of the ERCSC radio sources and study the spectral features shown in this new frequency window opened by Planck. The ERCSC source positions and flux density scales are found to be consistent with the groundbased observations. We present and discuss the spectral energy distributions of a sample of “extreme” radio sources, to illustrate the richness of the ERCSC for the study of extragalactic radio sources. Variability is found to play a role in the unusual spectral features of some of these sources.

Published
2011

89. Planck early results. XXII. The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D.J., Martin, P., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V.-M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D.J., Martin, P., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V.-M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We perform a detailed investigation of sources from the Cold Cores Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO). Our goal is to probe the reliability of the detections, validate the separation between warm and cold dust emission components, provide the first glimpse at the nature, internal morphology and physical characterictics of the Planck-detected sources. We focus on a sub-sample of ten sources from the C3PO list, selected to sample different environments, from high latitude cirrus to nearby (150 pc) and remote (2 kpc) molecular complexes. We present Planck surface brightness maps and derive the dust temperature, emissivity spectral index, and column densities of the fields. With the help of higher resolution Herschel and AKARI continuum observations and molecular line data, we investigate the morphology of the sources and the properties of the substructures at scales below the Planck beam size. The cold clumps detected by Planck are found to be located on large-scale filamentary (or cometary) structures that extend up to 20 pc in the remote sources. The thickness of these filaments ranges between 0.3 and 3 pc, for column densities NH2 ∼ 0.1 to 1.6 × 1022 cm−2, and with linear mass density covering a broad range, between 15 and 400 M pc−1. The dust temperatures are low (between 10 and 15K) and the Planck cold clumps correspond to local minima of the line-of-sight averaged dust temperature in these fields. These low temperatures are confirmed when AKARI and Herschel data are added to the spectral energy distributions. Herschel data reveal a wealth of substructure within the Planck cold clumps. In all cases (except two sources harbouring young stellar objects), the substructures are found to be colder, with temperatures as low as 7 K. Molecular line observations provide gas column densities which are consistent with those inferred from the dust. The linewidths are all supra-thermal, providing large virial linear mass densities in the range 10 to 300 M pc−1, comparable with

Published
2011

90. Planck early results. XIII. Statistical properties of extragalactic radio sources in the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Argueso, F., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R.-R., Chen, X., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leahy, J.P., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Magliocchetti, M., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I.J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sajina, A., Sandri, M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Serjeant, S., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Argueso, F., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R.-R., Chen, X., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leahy, J.P., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Magliocchetti, M., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I.J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sajina, A., Sandri, M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Serjeant, S., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

The data reported in Planck’s Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) are exploited to measure the number counts (dN/dS) of extragalactic radio sources at 30, 44, 70, 100, 143 and 217 GHz. Due to the full-sky nature of the catalogue, this measurement extends to the rarest and brightest sources in the sky. At lower frequencies (30, 44, and 70 GHz) our counts are in very good agreement with estimates based on WMAP data, being somewhat deeper at 30 and 70 GHz, and somewhat shallower at 44 GHz. Planck’s source counts at 143 and 217 GHz join smoothly with the fainter ones provided by the SPT and ACT surveys over small fractions of the sky. An analysis of source spectra, exploiting Planck’s uniquely broad spectral coverage, finds clear evidence of a steepening of the mean spectral index above about 70 GHz. This implies that, at these frequencies, the contamination of the CMB power spectrum by radio sources below the detection limit is significantly lower than previously estimated.

Published
2011

91. Planck early results. XV. Spectral energy distributions and radio continuum spectra of northern extragalactic radio sources

Author

Aatrokoski, J., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Aller, H.D., Aller, M.F., Angelakis, E., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Berdyugin, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Burrows, D.N., Cabella, P., Capalbi, B., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cavazzuti, E., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Cutini, S., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Dickinson, C., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fuhrmann, L., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Gargano, K., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., King, O., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Krichbaum, T.P., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lavonen, N., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leon-Tavares, J., Linden-Vornle, M., Lindfors, E., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Max-Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M.N., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Michelson, P.F., Mingaliev, M., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Monte, C., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nestoras, I., Netterfield, C.B., Nieppola, K., Nilsson, K., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, S., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perri, M., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Procopio, P., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Raino, S., Reach, W.T., Readhead, A., Rebolo, R., Reeves, R., Reinecke, M., Reinthal, R., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Richards, J., Riller, T., Riquelme, D., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Saarinen, J., Sandri, M., Savolainen, P., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Sievers, A., Sillanpaa, A., Smoot, G.F., Sotnikova, Y., Starck, J.-L., Stevenson, M., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Takalo, L., Tammi, J., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Thompson, D.J., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tornikoski, M., Torre, J.-P., Tosti, A., Tramacere, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Turunen, M., Umana, G., Ungerechts, H., Valenziano, L., Valtaoja, E., Varis, J., Verrecchia, F., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B.D., Wu, J., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zensus, J.A., Zhou, X., Zonca, A., Aatrokoski, J., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Aller, H.D., Aller, M.F., Angelakis, E., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Berdyugin, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Burrows, D.N., Cabella, P., Capalbi, B., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cavazzuti, E., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Cutini, S., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Dickinson, C., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fuhrmann, L., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Gargano, K., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., King, O., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Krichbaum, T.P., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lavonen, N., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leon-Tavares, J., Linden-Vornle, M., Lindfors, E., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Max-Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M.N., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Michelson, P.F., Mingaliev, M., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Monte, C., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nestoras, I., Netterfield, C.B., Nieppola, K., Nilsson, K., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, S., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perri, M., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Procopio, P., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Raino, S., Reach, W.T., Readhead, A., Rebolo, R., Reeves, R., Reinecke, M., Reinthal, R., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Richards, J., Riller, T., Riquelme, D., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Saarinen, J., Sandri, M., Savolainen, P., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Sievers, A., Sillanpaa, A., Smoot, G.F., Sotnikova, Y., Starck, J.-L., Stevenson, M., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Takalo, L., Tammi, J., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Thompson, D.J., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tornikoski, M., Torre, J.-P., Tosti, A., Tramacere, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Turler, M., Turunen, M., Umana, G., Ungerechts, H., Valenziano, L., Valtaoja, E., Varis, J., Verrecchia, F., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B.D., Wu, J., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zensus, J.A., Zhou, X., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and radio continuum spectra are presented for a northern sample of 104 extragalactic radio sources, based on the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) and simultaneous multifrequency data. The nine Planck frequencies, from 30 to 857 GHz, are complemented by a set of simultaneous observations ranging from radio to gamma-rays. This is the first extensive frequency coverage in the radio and millimetre domains for an essentially complete sample of extragalactic radio sources, and it shows how the individual shocks, each in their own phase of development, shape the radio spectra as they move in the relativistic jet. The SEDs presented in this paper were fitted with second and third degree polynomials to estimate the frequencies of the synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) peaks, and the spectral indices of low and high frequency radio data, including the Planck ERCSC data, were calculated. SED modelling methods are discussed, with an emphasis on proper, physical modelling of the synchrotron bump using multiple components. Planck ERCSC data also suggest that the original accelerated electron energy spectrum could be much harder than commonly thought, with power-law index around 1.5 instead of the canonical 2.5. The implications of this are discussed for the acceleration mechanisms effective in blazar shocks. Furthermore in many cases the Planck data indicate that gamma-ray emission must originate in the same shocks that produce the radio emission.

Published
2011

92. Planck Early Results XVIII: The power spectrum of cosmic infrared background anisotropies

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Blagrave, K., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Grain, J., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lockman, F.J., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martin, P., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I.J., Oliver, S., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pinheiro Goncalves, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Reach, W.T., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Blagrave, K., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Grain, J., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F.K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lockman, F.J., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martin, P., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I.J., Oliver, S., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pinheiro Goncalves, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Reach, W.T., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

Using Planck maps of six regions of low Galactic dust emission with a total area of about 140 deg2, we determine the angular power spectra of cosmic infrared background (CIB) anisotropies from multipole ℓ = 200 to ℓ = 2000 at 217, 353, 545 and 857 GHz. We use 21-cm observations of Hi as a tracer of thermal dust emission to reduce the already low level of Galactic dust emission and use the 143 GHz Planck maps in these fields to clean out cosmic microwave background anisotropies. Both of these cleaning processes are necessary to avoid significant contamination of the CIB signal. We measure correlated CIB structure across frequencies. As expected, the correlation decreases with increasing frequency separation, because the contribution of high-redshift galaxies to CIB anisotropies increases with wavelengths. We find no significant difference between the frequency spectrum of the CIB anisotropies and the CIB mean, with ∆I/I=15% from 217 to 857 GHz. In terms of clustering properties, the Planck data alone rule out the linear scale- and redshift-independent bias model. Non-linear corrections are significant. Consequently, we develop an alternative model that couples a dusty galaxy, parametric evolution model with a simple halo-model approach. It provides an excellent fit to the measured anisotropy angular power spectra and suggests that a different halo occupation distribution is required at each frequency, which is consistent with our expectation that each frequency is dominated by contributions from different redshifts. In our best-fit model, half of the anisotropy power at ℓ=2000 comes from redshifts z < 0:8 at 857 GHz and z < 1:5 at 545 GHz, while about 90% come from redshifts z >2 at 353 and 217 GHz, respectively.

Published
2011

93. Planck early results. X. Statistical analysis of Sunyaev-Zeldovich scaling relations for X-ray galaxy clusters

Author

Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartelmann, M., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Brown, M.L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Mattarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B.D., White, S.D.M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartelmann, M., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Brown, M.L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Mattarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B.D., White, S.D.M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

All-sky data from the Planck survey and the Meta-Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies (MCXC) are combined to investigate the relationship between the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal and X-ray luminosity. The sample comprises ∼ 1600 X-ray clusters with redshifts up to ∼ 1 and spans a wide range in X-ray luminosity. The SZ signal is extracted for each object individually, and the statistical significance of the measurement is maximised by averaging the SZ signal in bins of X-ray luminosity, total mass, or redshift. The SZ signal is detected at very high significance over more than two decades in X-ray luminosity (1043erg/s . L500E(z)−7/3 . 2 × 1045erg/s). The relation between intrinsic SZ signal and X-ray luminosity is investigated and the measured SZ signal is compared to values predicted from X-ray data. Planck measurements and X-ray based predictions are found to be in excellent agreement over the whole explored luminosity range. No significant deviation from standard evolution of the scaling relations is detected. For the first time the intrinsic scatter in the scaling relation between SZ signal and X-ray luminosity is measured and found to be consistent with the one in the luminosity – mass relation from X-ray studies. There is no evidence of any deficit in SZ signal strength in Planck data relative to expectations from the X-ray properties of clusters, underlining the robustness and consistency of our overall view of intra-cluster medium properties.

Published
2011

94. Planck early results. II. The thermal performance of Planck

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Baker, M., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhandari, P., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borders, J., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bowman, B., Bradshaw, T., Breelle, E., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R.C., Cabella, P., Camus, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chambelland, J.P., Charra, J., Charra, M., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Collaudin, B., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Crook, M., Cuttaia, F., Damasio, C., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Filliard, C., Finelli, F., Foley, S., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Fourmond, J.-J., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Gavila, E., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Guyot, G., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Israelsson, U., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lami, P., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lavabre, A., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Lee, R., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P.B., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maciaszek, T., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Melot, F., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Mora, J., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nash, A., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I.J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, D., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prina, M., Prunet, S., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stassi, P., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Watson, C., White, S.D.M., Wilkinson, A., Wilson, P., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zhang, B., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Baker, M., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhandari, P., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borders, J., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bowman, B., Bradshaw, T., Breelle, E., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R.C., Cabella, P., Camus, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chambelland, J.P., Charra, J., Charra, M., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Christensen, P.R., Clements, D.L., Collaudin, B., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Crook, M., Cuttaia, F., Damasio, C., Danese, L., Davies, R.D., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Eriksen, H.K., Filliard, C., Finelli, F., Foley, S., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Fourmond, J.-J., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Gavila, E., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Guyot, G., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Israelsson, U., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lami, P., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lavabre, A., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Lee, R., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P.B., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maciaszek, T., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Melot, F., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Mora, J., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nash, A., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I.J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, D., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prina, M., Prunet, S., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stassi, P., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Watson, C., White, S.D.M., Wilkinson, A., Wilson, P., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zhang, B., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

The performance of the Planck instruments in space is enabled by their low operating temperatures, 20 K for LFI and 0.1 K for HFI, achieved through a combination of passive radiative cooling and three active mechanical coolers. The scientific requirement for very broad frequency coverage led to two detector technologies with widely different temperature and cooling needs. Active coolers could satisfy these needs; a helium cryostat, as used by previous cryogenic space missions (IRAS, COBE, ISO, Spitzer, AKARI), could not. Radiative cooling is provided by three V-groove radiators and a large telescope baffle. The active coolers are a hydrogen sorption cooler (<20 K), a 4He Joule-Thomson cooler (4.7 K), and a 3He-4He dilution cooler (1.4 K and 0.1 K). The flight system was at ambient temperature at launch and cooled in space to operating conditions. The HFI bolometer plate reached 93 mK on 3 July 2009, 50 days after launch. The solar panel always faces the Sun, shadowing the rest of Planck, and operates at a mean temperature of 384 K. At the other end of the spacecraft, the telescope baffle operates at 42.3 K and the telescope primary mirror operates at 35.9 K. The temperatures of key parts of the instruments are stabilized by both active and passive methods. Temperature fluctuations are driven by changes in the distance from the Sun, sorption cooler cycling and fluctuations in gas-liquid flow, and fluctuations in cosmic ray flux on the dilution and bolometer plates. These fluctuations do not compromise the science data.

Published
2011

95. Planck early results. XI. Calibration of the local galaxy cluster Sunyaev-Zeldovich scaling relations

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartelmann, M., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M.L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lanoux, J., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Pratt, G.W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., White, S.D.M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartelmann, M., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M.L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lanoux, J., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Pratt, G.W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., White, S.D.M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We present precise Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect measurements in the direction of 62 nearby galaxy clusters (z < 0.5) detected at high signal-tonoise in the first Planck all-sky data set. The sample spans approximately a decade in total mass, 2 × 1014 M < M500 < 2 × 1015 M, where M500 is the mass corresponding to a total density contrast of 500. Combining these high quality Planck measurements with deep XMM-Newton X-ray data, we investigate the relations between D2 A Y500, the integrated Compton parameter due to the SZ effect, and the X-ray-derived gas mass Mg,500, temperature TX, luminosity LX,500, SZ signal analogue YX,500 = Mg,500 × TX, and total mass M500. After correction for the effect of selection bias on the scaling relations, we find results that are in excellent agreement with both X-ray predictions and recently-published ground-based data derived from smaller samples. The present data yield an exceptionally robust, high-quality local reference, and illustrate Planck’s unique capabilities for all-sky statistical studies of galaxy clusters.

Published
2011

96. Planck early results. IX. XMM-Newton follow-up for validation of Planck cluster candidates

Author

Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartelmann, M., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Brown, M.L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cardoso, J.-F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gonzalez-Riestra, R., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Heinamaki, P., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A.H., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Le Jeune, M., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Saar, E., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B.D., White, S.D.M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartelmann, M., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Brown, M.L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cardoso, J.-F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gonzalez-Riestra, R., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Heinamaki, P., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A.H., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Le Jeune, M., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Saar, E., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B.D., White, S.D.M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We present the XMM-Newton follow-up for confirmation of Planck cluster candidates. Twenty-five candidates have been observed to date using snapshot (∼10 ks) exposures, ten as part of a pilot programme to sample a low range of signal-to-noise ratios (4 < S/N < 6), and a further 15 in a programme to observe a sample of S/N > 5 candidates. The sensitivity and spatial resolution of XMM-Newton allows unambiguous discrimination between clusters and false candidates. The 4 false candidates have S/N ≤ 4.1. A total of 21 candidates are confirmed as extended X-ray sources. Seventeen are single clusters, the majority of which are found to have highly irregular and disturbed morphologies (about ∼70%). The remaining four sources are multiple systems, including the unexpected discovery of a supercluster at z = 0.45. For 20 sources we are able to derive a redshift estimate from the X-ray Fe K line (albeit of variable quality). The new clusters span the redshift range 0.09 <∼ z <∼ 0.54, with a median redshift of z ∼ 0.37. A first determination is made of their X-ray properties including the characteristic size, which is used to improve the estimate of the SZ Compton parameter, Y500. The follow-up validation programme has helped to optimise the Planck candidate selection process. It has also provided a preview of the X-ray properties of these newly-discovered clusters, allowing comparison with their SZ properties, and to the X-ray and SZ properties of known clusters observed in the Planck survey. Our results suggest that Planck may have started to reveal a non-negligible population of massive dynamically perturbed objects that is under-represented in X-ray surveys. However, despite their particular properties, these new clusters appear to follow the Y500–YX relation established for X-ray selected objects, where YX is the product of the gas mass and temperature.

Published
2011

97. Planck early results. VIII. The all-sky early Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster sample

Author

Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartelmann, M., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Battye, R., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Brown, M.L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cardoso, J.-F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J.M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Eisenhardt, P., Enßlin, T.A., Feroz, F., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gonzalez-Riestra, R., Gorski, K.M., Grainge, K.J.B., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Heinamaki, P., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Hurier, G., Hurley-Walker, N., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Le Jeune, M., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Li, C., Liddle, A., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Olamaie, M., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Saar, E., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Saunders, R.D.E., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Stanford, A., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Sygnet, J.-F., Taburet, N., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Weller, J., White, S.D.M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P.A.R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartelmann, M., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Battye, R., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Brown, M.L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C.M., Cardoso, J.-F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R.-R., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J.M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Eisenhardt, P., Enßlin, T.A., Feroz, F., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gonzalez-Riestra, R., Gorski, K.M., Grainge, K.J.B., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Heinamaki, P., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Hurier, G., Hurley-Walker, N., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Le Jeune, M., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Li, C., Liddle, A., Lilje, P.B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Meinhold, P.R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Olamaie, M., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T.J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J.P., Reach, W.T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Saar, E., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Saunders, R.D.E., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Stanford, A., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Sygnet, J.-F., Taburet, N., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L.A., Wandelt, B.D., Weller, J., White, S.D.M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We present the first all-sky sample of galaxy clusters detected blindly by the Planck satellite through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect from its six highest frequencies. This early SZ (ESZ) sample is comprised of 189 candidates, which have a high signal-to-noise ratio ranging from 6 to 29. Its high reliability (purity above 95%) is further ensured by an extensive validation process based on Planck internal quality assessments and by external cross-identification and follow-up observations. Planck provides the first measured SZ signal for about 80% of the 169 previouslyknown ESZ clusters. Planck furthermore releases 30 new cluster candidates, amongst which 20 meet the ESZ signal-to-noise selection criterion. At the submission date, twelve of the 20 ESZ candidates were confirmed as new clusters, with eleven confirmed using XMM-Newton snapshot observations, most of them with disturbed morphologies and low luminosities. The ESZ clusters are mostly at moderate redshifts (86% with z below 0.3) and span more than a decade in mass, up to the rarest and most massive clusters with masses above 1 × 1015 M.

Published
2011

98. Planck early results. XII. Cluster Sunyaev-Zeldovich optical scaling relations

Author

Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartelmann, M., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Brown, M.L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I.J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B.D., White, S.D.M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A.J., Barreiro, R.B., Bartelmann, M., Bartlett, J.G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J.J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J.R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F.R., Brown, M.L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J.-F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L.-Y., Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P.R., Churazov, E., Clements, D.L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B.P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R.J., De Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J.-M., Desert, F.-X., Diego, J.M., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T.A., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R.T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K.M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Grupposo, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S.R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W.A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R.J., Huffenberger, K.M., Jaffe, A.H., Jones, W.C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T.S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J.-M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R.J., Lawrence, C.R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P.M., Macias-Perez, J.F., MacTavish, C.J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M.-A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J.Anthony, Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C.B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H.U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I.J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G.W., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J.-L., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubino-Martin, J.A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B.M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M.D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G.F., Starck, J.-L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J.-F., Tauber, J.A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J.-P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B.D., White, S.D.M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

We present the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal-to-richness scaling relation (Y500 − N200) for the MaxBCG cluster catalogue. Employing a multifrequency matched filter on the Planck sky maps, we measure the SZ signal for each cluster by adapting the filter according to weak-lensing calibrated mass-richness relations (N200 −M500).We bin our individual measurements and detect the SZ signal down to the lowest richness systems (N200 = 10) with high significance, achieving a detection of the SZ signal in systems with mass as low as M500 ≈ 5 × 1013 M. The observed Y500 − N200 relation is well modeled by a power law over the full richness range. It has a lower normalisation at given N200 than predicted based on X-ray models and published mass-richness relations. An X-ray subsample, however, does conform to the predicted scaling, and model predictions do reproduce the relation between our measured bin-average SZ signal and measured bin-average X-ray luminosities. At fixed richness, we find an intrinsic dispersion in the Y500 − N200 relation of 60% rising to of order 100% at low richness. Thanks to its all-sky coverage, Planck provides observations for more than 13 000 MaxBCG clusters and an unprecedented SZ/optical data set, extending the list of known cluster scaling laws to include SZ-optical properties. The data set offers essential clues for models of galaxy formation.Moreover, the lower normalisation of the SZ-mass relation implied by the observed SZ-richness scaling has important consequences for cluster physics and cosmological studies with SZ clusters.

Published
2011

99. Planck Early Results: The thermal performance of Planck

Author

Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Baker, M., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bhandari, P., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borders, J., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bowman, B., Bradshaw, T., Breelle, E., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Camus, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J. F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chambelland, J. P., Charra, J., Charra, M., Chiang, L. Y, Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Collaudin, B., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Crook, M., Cuttaia, F., Damasio, C., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. M., Desert, F. -X., Doerl, U., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Foley, S., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Fourmond, J. J., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Gavila, E., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Guyot, G., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, Allan, Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Israelsson, U., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. M., Lami, P., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P. B., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macias-Perez, J. F., Maciaszek, T., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melot, F., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschenes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Mora, J., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nash, A., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, D., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prina, M., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubiino-Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stassi, P., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Watson, C., White, S. D. M., Wilkinson, A., Wilson, P., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zhang, B., Zonca, A., Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Baker, M., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bhandari, P., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borders, J., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bowman, B., Bradshaw, T., Breelle, E., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Camus, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J. F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chambelland, J. P., Charra, J., Charra, M., Chiang, L. Y, Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Collaudin, B., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Crook, M., Cuttaia, F., Damasio, C., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. M., Desert, F. -X., Doerl, U., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Foley, S., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Fourmond, J. J., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Gavila, E., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Guyot, G., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, Allan, Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Israelsson, U., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. M., Lami, P., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P. B., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macias-Perez, J. F., Maciaszek, T., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melot, F., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschenes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Mora, J., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nash, A., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, D., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prina, M., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubiino-Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stassi, P., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Watson, C., White, S. D. M., Wilkinson, A., Wilson, P., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zhang, B., and Zonca, A.

Abstract

The performance of the Planck instruments in space is enabled by their low operating temperatures, 20K for LFI and 0.1K for HFI, achieved through a combination of passive radiative cooling and three active mechanical coolers. Active coolers were chosen to minimize straylight on the detectors and to maximize lifetime. The scientific requirement for very broad frequency led to two detector technologies with widely dierent temperature and cooling needs. This made use of a helium cryostat, as used by previous cryogenic space missions (IRAS, COBE, ISO, SPITZER, AKARI), infeasible. Radiative cooling is provided by three V-groove radiators and a large telescope bae. The active coolers are a hydrogen sorption cooler (<20 K), a 4He Joule-Thomson cooler (4.7 K), and a 3He-4He dilution cooler (1.4K and 0.1 K). The flight system was at ambient temperature at launch and cooled in space to operating conditions. The bolometer plate of the High Frequency Instrument reached 93mK on 3 July 2009, 50 days after launch. The solar panel always faces the Sun, shadowing the rest of Planck, and operates at a mean temperature of 384 K. At the other end of the spacecraft, the telescope bae operates at 42.3K and the telescope primary mirror operates at 35.9 K. The temperatures of key parts of the instruments are stabilized by both active and passive methods. Temperature fluctuations are driven by changes in the distance from the Sun, sorption cooler cycling and fluctuations in gas-liquid flow, and fluctuations in cosmic ray flux on the dilution and bolometer plates. These fluctuations do not compromise the science data.

Published
2011

100. Cosmological applications of a wavelet analysis on the sphere

Author

Signal Processing Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, McEwen, J.D., Vielva, P., Wiaux, Yves, Barreiro, R.B., Cayon, L., Hobson, M.P., Lasenby, A.N., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Sanz, J.L., Signal Processing Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, McEwen, J.D., Vielva, P., Wiaux, Yves, Barreiro, R.B., Cayon, L., Hobson, M.P., Lasenby, A.N., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., and Sanz, J.L.

Abstract

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a relic radiation of the Big Bang and as such it contains a wealth of cosmological information. Statistical analyses of the CMB, in conjunction with other cosmological observables, represent some of the most powerful techniques available to cosmologists for placing strong constraints on the cosmological parameters that describe the origin, content and evolution of the Universe. The last decade has witnessed the introduction of wavelet analyses in cosmology and, in particular, their application to the CMB. We review here spherical wavelet analyses of the CMB that test the standard cosmological concordance model. The assumption that the temperature anisotropies of the CMB are a realisation of a statistically isotropic Gaussian random field on the sphere is questioned. Deviations from both statistical isotropy and Gaussianity are detected in the reviewed works, suggesting more exotic cosmological models may be required to explain our Universe. We also review spherical wavelet analyses that independently provide evidence for dark energy, an exotic component of our Universe of which we know very little currently. The effectiveness of accounting correctly for the geometry of the sphere in the wavelet analysis of full-sky CMB data is demonstrated by the highly significant detections of physical processes and effects that are made in these reviewed works.

Published
2007

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