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Abstract Aim This study aims to contribute to elucidating the importance of experimental research on freshwater zooplankton communities in Brazil through a scientometric analysis. Methods Web of Science, SciELO, and Scopus databases were used to compile 249 scientific papers published between 1978 and 2023. The extracted data included the year of publication, geographical location, experiment characteristics (type, scale, duration), species or taxa studied, and research topics. Quantitative and qualitative syntheses were performed to provide a systematic understanding of experimental studies on freshwater zooplankton. Results The analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of experimental papers over time, with a higher concentration of studies in the Southeastern region of Brazil. Laboratory experiments were conducted with greater frequency than field experiments, mainly microcosms. Predation, chemical pollutants, and eutrophication emerged as frequently addressed research topics. On the other hand, certain topics, such as metapopulation dynamics and microplastics, were relatively underrepresented in the literature. Despite the crucial role of experimental research on freshwater zooplankton in advancing ecological understanding in Brazil, there is an unequal distribution of these studies across the country, indicating the need for investment and more researchers prepared and interested in studying with experiments in certain regions. Addressing the gaps identified in this review, such as metapopulation dynamics and dispersion, along with emerging threats like invasions, microplastics, pathogens, cumulative stressors, emerging contaminants, and nanomaterials, will be essential for generating scientific knowledge to inform effective management strategies to preserve freshwater zooplankton biodiversity amidst ongoing environmental changes. Conclusions This review underscores the importance of expanding experimental research across diverse regions and underexplored topics to enhance our ecological understanding and better manage freshwater zooplankton biodiversity in Brazil.

This paper reports on a monolithically integrated gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based photonic integrated circuit platform for wavelengths around 1064 nm. Enabled by spatially selective quantum well removal and two-step epitaxial growth, it supports on-chip gain as well as passive waveguides. In addition, shallow- and deep-etched waveguides are realized. The former result in waveguide losses of less than 2 dB/cm, while the latter enable compact integrated waveguide components. To demonstrate the performance of the platform, racetrack ring resonators based on deep-etched Euler bends and shallow-etched directional couplers are realized, achieving high intrinsic quality factors of 2.6 × 105 and 3.2 × 105 for the fundamental TE and TM mode, respectively. To demonstrate the use of these resonators, ring-resonator-coupled lasers are fabricated, resulting in one-sided output powers of up to 14 mW and single-mode operation with 40 dB side-mode suppression. The successful integration of ring resonators on a GaAs-based active/passive photonic integrated circuit platform paves the way for the realization of fully monolithic, widely tunable, and narrow linewidth ring-resonator-coupled laser sources.

Objetivo: As leucemias e os linfomas não hodgkins juntos ocupam a 4ª posição entre as neoplasias hematológicas. Essas doenças possuem opções de tratamento curativo mesmo em situações adversas, contudo o processo de tomada de decisão é delicado, sendo a utilização dos modelos estatísticos capazes de ajudar na tomada de decisão. Aqui avaliamos quais são as escalas de toxicidade à quimioterapia e seu papel na tomada de decisão para o tratamento de pacientes com linfomas e leucemias agudas. Metodologia: A partir da abordagem do protocolo PRISMA, foi realizado uma revisão de escopo nas plataformas PUBMED, BIREME, COCHRANE e Periódicos da CAPES, utilizando a equação de busca: (“acute leukemia” or “acute leukaemia” or “acute myeloid leukemia” or “acute myeloid leukaemia” or “acute lymphoid leukemia” or “acute lymphoid leukaemia” or lymphoma) and (scale or score or index) and (“decision making” or “decision support techniques” or “clinical decision-making” or “clinical decision” or “decision trees” or “decision support systems, clinical” or “therapeutic decision”) and (chemotherapy or treatment or therapy) and (toxicity or mortality or “tolerability” or “risk-directed therapy” or “risk-directed treatment” or “risk-directed chemotherapy” or “therapy related risk” or “treatment related risk” or “chemotherapy related risk”). Nesta revisão incluíram-se artigos que tivessem discussão focada na análise de modelos estatísticos, para tomada de decisão terapêutica, em relação ao uso de quimioterapia nos pacientes com linfomas ou nas leucemias agudas. Não foi estabelecido corte temporal da publicação ou língua para a inclusão nesta revisão. Resultados: Após excluídas as duplicatas foram encontrados 402 artigos nas plataformas de pesquisa, seguindo o protocolo PRISMA foram selecionados 30 artigos. A partir deles foi observado que não existe uma única escala ideal para avaliação de toxicidade à quimioterapia, mas existem escalas estudadas para alguns grupos específicos que possuem variáveis comuns como as comorbidades, a funcionalidade, a idade, o LDH, a função renal e o estadiamento da doença. Ao analisar as conclusões de cada estudo observou-se que os vários modelos estatísticos analisados têm grande potencial em discriminar principalmente, a população de baixo risco para realização de tratamento com quimioterapia e que o potencial do uso desses modelos, na tomada de decisão, precisa ser mais bem analisado por estudos mais amplos, prospectivos e capazes de validar essas estratégias. Além disso, foi possível perceber que a variável idade, isoladamente, não foi um preditor suficientemente confiável para uma tomada de decisão, em relação ao tratamento. As variáveis comorbidade e funcionalidade foram apontadas como principais indicadores, em relação aos riscos de realização da quimioterapia. Conclusão: Os modelos preditores de toxicidade ao tratamento em pacientes com leucemias agudas e linfomas necessitam de estudos mais robustos e prospectivos que incluam validação desses modelos para sua melhor aplicabilidade.

Objetivos: A transfusão de hemocomponentes é um procedimento com riscos significativos, motivo pelo qual a Organização Mundial da Saúde incentiva o desenvolvimento de programas para o manejo adequado dos hemocomponentes por meio de estratégias de Patient Blood Management, otimizando o uso destes produtos. Nesse contexto, a agência transfusional do Hospital Regional do Sertão Central (HRSC) coleta informações e gera indicadores para avaliar o nível de adesão ao seu protocolo de segurança. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil das transfusões realizadas no HRSC no ano de 2022 no setor de clínica médica e na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Metodologia: Foram coletados dados de transfusões em adultos por meio do registro de indicadores de qualidade da agência transfusional do HRSC e, posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva, descritiva e quantitativa. Resultados: Este estudo analisou 1072 transfusões, sendo que 53,3% ocorreram em homens e 46,7% em mulheres, com média de idade de 42 anos. A UTI solicitou 79,1% das transfusões. As principais causas foram a anemia sintomática e o sangramento. Os concentrados de hemácias (73%) foram os mais solicitados, sendo 49,6% de O+. Em termos de criticidade, 54% dos pedidos eram urgentes. Entre as transfusões avaliadas foram observadas 16 notificações de reações adversas. Conclusões: A análise das transfusões permitiu identificar e descrever as características da condução do processo de transfusões em um hospital de referência terciária de uma cidade do interior do Ceará. O levantamento de dados mostrou que a equipe manteve bons níveis de adesão ao protocolo de indicação transfusional, mas com possível subnotificação de reações transfusionais.

Introduction: Reactive oxygen species are typical by-products of cellular metabolism, being present in the pathogenesis of several oncological disorders. Their oncogenic nature is mainly related to disorders related to failures in cell proliferation and differentiation, so their correlation with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Goals: Understand the correlation between mutations in the ROS1 gene and the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative diseases. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, in which, through a sample of patients (N = 14) with MDS/AML who underwent a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) study, quantitative and qualitative genetic data were obtained for an epidemiological analysis regarding of the correlation between the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative diseases. Results: Within the sample used (N = 14), a prevalence of 57.1% mutations in the ROS1 gene was found, presenting an average of 2.1 number of mutations per patient and 44% of the allelic fraction involved. Among the types of mutations found, 47% were of the synonymous type, 29.4% of the splicing type, 17% of the missense type and 5.8% of the non frameshift deletion type. Discussion: The ROS1 proto-oncogene, found with great prevalence in the sample analyzed, is a gene known to be involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, but its relationship with myeloproliferative diseases is still poorly studied. Its expression encodes a tyrosine kinasereceptor, but its physiological function in cellular metabolism is still uncertain, what is known is that its activation is related to the activity of reactive oxygen species, which have the potential to contribute to disease progression of MDS and AML through the activation of thighers for the ROS1 gene, being the driver event of the hematopoietic disease and causing in effective repair of DNA damage and acquisition of oncogenic mutations by the metabolic pathway of pathogenesis. Another important fact is the fact that only 12.5% of patients with a mutation in the ROS1 gene were indicated for Hematologic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which may indicate a certain trend in patients affected by this mutation. Conclusion: Therefore, even with the pathogenesis pathway not fully defined, the relationship between the ROS1 gene and the development of myeloproliferative diseases is evident, especially when we look at the data presented in the sample used, in which more than half of the patients undergoing the genomic study presented a mutation of this segment of DNA. Furthermore, it is of great value to encourage further studies on the topic addressed, as there are target therapies for the highlighted mutation, which could possibly be studied and used in the management of MDS and MLA, aiming to improve the survival rate of these hematological diseases.

Introduction: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has rapidly evolved in recent years as an efficientalternative for the genetic analysis of patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) andMyelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). Goals: Analyze the particularities of patients with AML and MDS, perform genetic sequencing onthe DNA of these individuals, using NGS, looking for specific genetic contributions, clinicaland epidemiological relationships, as well as the prognostic value of this heterogeneousgenomic profile. Preliminary results: From the analysis of data from current patients with an NGS report in the study (N = 14), onecan initially observe the prevalence of mutations in the TP53 and EZH2 genes, found in64.2% of the patients studied. Furthermore, the ROS1, SF3B1, TET2 genes also presentedhigh prevalence among patients, totaling 57.1% prevalence alone. Among these, the numberof mutated variants in the ROS1 gene should be highlighted, which presented an average of2.1 mutations per gene. The mutation of the HRAS, PTPN11, WT1, PDGRFB, U2AF1, NRAS, MYD88, IDH2 and DNMT3A genes proved to be the least frequent in the sample,appearing in only 7.69% of patients. Discussion: Knowing the phenotypic characteristics of the mutated genes in the sample, correlations can be made with the molecular findings and patient outcomes. Initially, we can mention an81-year-old female patient, accompanied by low-risk MDS, with no indication ofhematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) and without the need for transfusion, where amutation of the SF3B1 gene was found, which is related to a good prognosis, especially whencommutated with the TET2 gene, which is also present.Next one is a 72-year-old patient,who has an indication for HSCT, the large number of mutations in genes that predict poor prognosis, such as NPM1, SRSF2, ETV6, TP53 and U2AF1, were highlighted, in which thelast two genes mentioned would be indicators of high risk of leukemic evolution. One canalso mention a patient, female, who died at the age of 81, in which it would be important tohighlight in the genomic profile the mutations in the EZH2 and FLT3 genes, since this patient presented transformation from MDS to AML, an outcome highly correlated with the presenceof these genes. Finally, we also evaluated a 59-year-old patient with transformed AML, whounderwent HSCT and developed post-transplant relapse, where we can highlight the BCORgene mutation, which would be highly related to negative outcomes in overall survival. Conclusion: Therefore, we can see that the correlation of negative outcomes related to the genes NPM1,SRSF2, TP53, ETV6, FLT3, EZH2 and U2AF1. Among these, the evolutionary character ofFLT3 can be highlighted, which is highly linked to MDS transformations in LMA.The protective nature of the SF3B1 gene should also be highlighted, which is frequentlyfound in low-risk patients with a good survival rate.

Breeding programs around the world continually collect data on large numbers of individuals. To be able to combine data collected across regions, years, and experiments, research communities develop standard operating procedures for data collection and measurement. One such method is a crop ontology, or a standardized vocabulary for collecting data on commonly measured traits. The ontology is also computer readable to facilitate the use of data management systems such as databases. Blueberry breeders and researchers across the United States have come together to develop the first standardized crop ontology in blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). We provide an overview and report on the construction of the first blueberry crop ontology and the 178 traits and methods included within. Researchers of Vaccinium species—such as other blueberry species, cranberry, lingonberry, and bilberry—can use the described crop ontology to collect phenotypic data of greater quality and consistency, interoperability, and computer readability. Crop ontologies, as a shared data language, benefit the entire worldwide research community by enabling collaborative meta-analyses that can be used with genomic data for quantitative trait loci, genome-wide association studies, and genomic selection analysis.

This research investigates the suitability of PRISMA and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery for retrieving topsoil properties such as Organic Matter (OM), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and pH in croplands using different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and signal pre-treatments. Ninety-five soil samples were collected in Quzhou County, Northeast China. Satellite images captured soil reflectance data when bare soil was visible. For PRISMA data, a Linear Mixture Model (LMM) was used to separate soil and Photosynthetic Vegetation (PV) endmembers, excluding Non-Photosynthetic Vegetation (NPV) using Band Depth values at the 2100 nm absorption peak of cellulose. Sentinel-2 bare soil reflectance spectra were obtained using thresholds based on NDVI and NBR2 indices. Results showed PRISMA data provided slightly better accuracy in retrieving topsoil nutrients than Sentinel-2. While no optimal predictive algorithm was best, absorbance data proved more effective than reflectance. PRISMA results demonstrated potential for predicting soil nutrients in real scenarios.

Abstract Introduction The PRESERFLO™ MicroShunt (PMS) has been proven to significantly lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma and has been available for use since 2019. With increasing published evidence and growing experience of glaucoma surgeons, the aim of this modified Delphi panel was to build on the findings of a previous Delphi panel conducted in 2021 and provide further guidance on the role of the PMS to treat patients with glaucoma in Europe. Methods Thirteen European glaucoma surgeons experienced in the PMS procedure participated in a 3-round modified Delphi panel. A targeted literature review and expert steering committee guided Round 1 questionnaire development. Consensus was pre-defined at a threshold of ≥ 70% of panellists selecting ‘strongly agree’/‘agree’ or ‘strongly disagree’/‘disagree’ for 6-point Likert scale questions or ≥ 70% selecting the same option for multiple or single-choice questions. Questions not reaching consensus were restated/revised for the next round, following guidance from free­text responses/scoping questions. Results In total, 28% (n = 9/32), 52% (n = 16/31) and 91% (n = 10/11) of statements reached consensus in Rounds 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There was agreement that the PMS may be used in patients with pigmentary, post-trauma or post-vitrectomy glaucoma and for patients with uveitic glaucoma without active inflammation. The PMS may be more suitable for patients with contact lenses than other subconjunctival filtering surgeries, without eliminating bleb-associated risks. Consensus was reached that combining PMS implantation and phacoemulsification may be as safe as standalone PMS surgery, but further efficacy data are required. Following a late rise in IOP ≥ 4 months post-surgery, topical aqueous suppressant drops or bleb revision may be suitable management options. Conclusions This Delphi panel builds on the considerations explored in the 2021 Delphi panel and provides further detailed guidance for glaucoma surgeons on the use of the PMS, reflecting the availability of novel evidence and surgical experience. Videos are available for this article.

The paper deals with the technological aspects of the construction site of Pompeii through the characterization of the mortars, focusing on the identification of raw materials, their supply areas, selection criteria and mixing techniques to evaluate the continuity and changes in the different construction phases. Thanks to a multidisciplinary protocol that integrates archaeological, architectural, minero-petrographic and geochemical analyses, the study reveals that the binders were obtained from burning limestones from Mt. Lattari, while the aggregates are compatible with products from the Somma-Vesuvius volcano. The mortars from the period before 62/63 CE are characterised by a careful selection and preparation of the raw material, while the mortars from the period after 62/63 CE indicate a less precise procedures, probably due to the urgent need for reconstruction after the earthquake. Despite these changes, the essential quality and hydraulic properties of the mortars remained intact, demonstrating the resilience of ancient building practises.

Arthritogenic alphaviruses pose a significant public health concern due to their ability to cause joint inflammation, with emerging evidence of potential neurological consequences. In this review, we examine the immunopathology and immune evasion strategies employed by these viruses, highlighting their complex mechanisms of pathogenesis and neurological implications. We delve into how these viruses manipulate host immune responses, modulate inflammatory pathways, and potentially establish persistent infections. Further, we explore their ability to breach the blood-brain barrier, triggering neurological complications, and how co-infections exacerbate neurological outcomes. This review synthesizes current research to provide a comprehensive overview of the immunopathological mechanisms driving arthritogenic alphavirus infections and their impact on neurological health. By highlighting knowledge gaps, it underscores the need for research to unravel the complexities of virus-host interactions. This deeper understanding is crucial for developing targeted therapies to address both joint and neurological manifestations of these infections.

Background: Pallar (Phaseolus lunatus) is a grain legume of great socioeconomic importance in Peru, which has been domesticated in the past by pre-Hispanic cultures. Objective: Carry out the agromorphological characterization of 36 accessions from the Pallar National Collection of the Germplasm Bank of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (Peru). Methodology: 16 qualitative characters and 10 quantitative characters were compared using descriptive analysis, ANOVA and Scott Knott test, correlation, principal components and hierarchical grouping. Results: There was a positive correlation between the length of the main stem and the average number of mature pods per plant, average number of seeds per plant, average weight of seeds per plant and average weight of seeds; Likewise, a negative correlation was found between the number of locules per mature pod and the length and average weight of the seeds. Implications: The agromorphological characterization of the pallar is necessary for the conservation of genetic resources originating in Peru. Conclusions: Phenotypic variability was found among the Pallar accessions; Thus, the existence of three groups was established among the accessions in relation to quantitative characters, highlighting the high values of average number of seeds per plant, seed thickness, number of locules per mature pod, length of the main stem and average number of seeds. mature pods per plant. The promising accession was 14ac with respect to the highest average number of mature pods, average number of seeds and average weight of seeds per plant.

El presente trabajo se enfoca en una aplicación práctica de control remoto para la apertura y cierre de la compensación reactiva sintonizada a la quinta armónica en la salida del alimentador de distribución a 13,8 kV de la subestación eléctrica Novacero S.A., mediante la migración de control local a control remoto por medio de un reconectador marca Schneider Electric serie U27 como interruptor para su ubicación en patio. El proceso comprende con la utilización del reconectador en modo de un solo disparo que lo realiza el operador desde el cuarto de control, además se implementa un relé de protección SEL-551 que manda abrir el reconectador ante posibles fallas por sobrecorriente por medio de una tarjeta ADVC-IOEX ubicada en el tablero del reconectador, este dispositivo ayuda a la apertura y cierre del filtro de manera remota en conjunto con el software WSOS del equipo para la supervisión y operación desde un nivel 2 de sistemas de automatización de subestaciones. El resultado obtenido mediante este sistema de automatización es precautelar y salvaguardar la seguridad del operador llevando de un nivel 0 a nivel 1 de automatización, además de poder monitorear y supervisar las variables medidas dentro del cuarto de control desde un nivel 2.

Abstract A distributed feedback laser with integrated quarter‐wave phase shift and more than 100 mW optical output power at an emission wavelength of 780 nm is presented. The laser provides mode‐hop‐free tuning over a wide range of injections currents and operating temperatures by design and can serve as an enabling component for more complex systems such as chips with additional monolithically integrated amplifiers, chip arrays and sources for hybrid integrated photonic circuits.

Objective: to evaluate the level of cultural competence of an undergraduate nursing students’ population from four European higher education institutions. Method: a total of 168 nursing students from four different countries were included in our study. The study methodology involved a cross-sectional assessment of cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students from four European universities. Data collection included sociodemographic variables, as well as the following validated tools: the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale, the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool (student version) and the Cultural Awareness Scale. Results: our results indicated that students demonstrated a high level of intercultural sensitivity but a moderate level of cultural competence and cultural awareness. Variations existed among students from different countries, suggesting potential differences in educational approaches. Despite expectations that higher-level students would exhibit greater cultural competence, no significant differences were found by year of study, indicating a lack of effective integration of cultural competence into nursing curricula. Conclusion: nurse educators should consider the students’ cultural competence before designing related study programmes. Training programmes related to cultural competence should include elements which have been associated with enhanced cultural competence, including language skills, cultural encounter, and opportunities for internationalisation.