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61. MHD Modes in Structured Magnetic Waveguides

Author

Carter, Ben

Subjects
519
Abstract

In this Thesis the theoretical aspects of MHD wave modes in structured magnetic fields are studied. In particular the complication of a simple magnetic tube to include a transitionallayer and also to include twist is investigated. Solar observations have shown that the magnetic field on the Sun is far from simple and that wave guides occur in a vast array of different structures. More recent interpretations of observations have also indicated at a sub-structure to magnetic flux tubes for which current instruments do not yet have the resolution to image directly. It is proposed that such a flux tube could contain a sub-structure modelled by a magnetic cylinder in the form ofa magnetic core and magnetic annulus. The dispersion relations are found for a purely straight configuration and also for the case when the magnetic field is twisted. The modes of oscillation are investigated with specific attention given to the effect ofthe additional layer and to that of the twist on the existing modes. It is found that the change iJ? geometry of the magnetic flux tube has a marked effect on both the existence and on the phase speed of different modes. The introduction of an annulus layer increases the number of surface modes that exist and an applied twist gives rise to an infinite set of body modes and also transforms the behaviour of the surface modes, now having a dual nature - body or surface depending on wavelength. Short and long wav'e1ength analytical solutions are· sought providing further insight into the role ofmagnetic structuring in a flux tube.

Published
2007

66. Sativex® for the treatment of Agitation & Aggression in Alzheimer’s Dementia in UK nursing homes (STAND): Protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial

Author

Albertyn, Christopher P, primary, Johar, Iskander, additional, Creese, Byron, additional, Young, Allan, additional, Carter, Ben, additional, Velayudhan, Latha, additional, Bhattacharyya, Sagnik, additional, Vasconcelos Da Silva, Miguel, additional, Samsi, Kritika, additional, Jafari, Hassan, additional, Guu, Ta-Wei, additional, Kaur, Simrat, additional, Kandangwa, Pooja, additional, and Aarsland, Dag, additional

Published
2023
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71. Toward the right treatment at the right time: Modeling the trajectory of cognitive decline to identify the earliest age of change in people with Alzheimer's disease.

Author

Baksh, R. Asaad, Strydom, André, Carter, Ben, Carriere, Isabelle, and Ritchie, Karen

Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease, DISEASE risk factors, EXECUTIVE function, COGNITION disorders, VERBAL behavior testing
Abstract

Introduction: Age is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A limitation of randomized control trials in AD is a lack of specificity in the age ranges of participants who are enrolled in studies of disease‐modifying therapies. We aimed to apply Emax (i.e., maximum effect) modeling as a novel approach to identity ideal treatment windows. Methods: Emax curves were fitted to longitudinal cognitive data of 101 participants with AD and 1392 healthy controls. We included the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and tests of verbal fluency and executive functioning. Results: In people with AD, the earliest decline in the MMSE could be detected in the 67–71 age band while verbal fluency declined from the 41–45 age band. In healthy controls, changes in cognition showed a later trajectory of decline. Discussion: Emax modeling could be used to design more efficient trials which has implications for randomized control trials targeting the earlier stages of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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77. Learning from Lives and Deaths - People with a learning disability and autistic people (LeDeR) report for 2022

Author

White, Adam, Sheehan, Rory, Ding, Jonathon, Roberts, Christina, Magill, Nicholas, Keagan-Bull, Richard, Carter, Ben, Chauhan, Umesh, Tuffrey-Wijne, Irene, Strydom, Andre, White, Adam, Sheehan, Rory, Ding, Jonathon, Roberts, Christina, Magill, Nicholas, Keagan-Bull, Richard, Carter, Ben, Chauhan, Umesh, Tuffrey-Wijne, Irene, and Strydom, Andre

Abstract

The seventh annual report of 'Learning from lives and deaths - People with a learning disability and autistic people' (LeDeR) focuses on reviews of deaths of people with a learning disability and autistic people that occurred in 2022. Comparison data from reviews of deaths in 2018 to 2021 is used to identify trends over time. Introduced by a foreword from the 'Staying Alive and Well' group, the report explores the demographics of people who died, circumstances and causes of death, factors associated with age at death, issues in quality of care and avoidable and excess deaths. Deaths of autistic people without a learning disability are included in the report for the first time in an important step towards understanding the unique challenges faced by autistic people.

Published
2023

78. Predicting the Intensity of Psychedelic-Induced Mystical and Challenging Experience in a Healthy Population: An Exploratory Post-Hoc Analysis

Author

Ko,Kwonmok, Carter,Ben, Cleare,Anthony, Rucker,James, Ko,Kwonmok, Carter,Ben, Cleare,Anthony, and Rucker,James

Abstract

Kwonmok Ko,1 Ben Carter,2 Anthony J Cleare,1,3 James J Rucker1,3 1Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK; 2Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK; 3South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, BR3 3BX, UKCorrespondence: Kwonmok Ko, IoPPN, KCL, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, UK, Email kwon.ko@kcl.ac.ukIntroduction: In psychedelic therapy, mystical as well as challenging experience may influence therapeutic outcome. However, predictors of such experience have not been sufficiently established. Determining predictors of their intensity is, therefore, potentially beneficial in targeting psilocybin therapy for depression.Methods: In a post hoc data analysis of a Phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-groups clinical trial, dosage, personality traits, affect, and individual data were analysed as possible clinical predictors. Eighty-nine healthy volunteers were randomised to receive a single dose of placebo, 10 mg of psilocybin, or 25 mg of psilocybin. ANOVA was used to analyse the relationship between dosage and mystical and/or challenging experience, and correlation analysis for all other variables.Results: The intensity of both mystical and challenging experience was strongly associated with higher dosage. Age was negatively correlated with intensity of challenging experience. Correlation between identified personality traits and either mystical or challenging experience was minimal, with the exception of positive correlation between neuroticism and challenging experience at higher dose. Neither positive nor negative affect indicated correlation with the intensity of either type of experience.Discussion: A limitation of this study is its post hoc, exploratory de

Published
2023

80. Amputation and advance care plans:an observational study exploring decision-making and long-term outcomes in a vascular centre

Author

Grange, Robert, Carter, Ben, Chamberlain, Charlotte, Brooks, Marcus J., Nitharsan, Ramya, Twine, Chris P, and Braude, Philip

Abstract

BackgroundHalf of those undergoing major lower limb amputation for peripheral arterial disease die within 1 year. Advance care planning reduces days in hospital and increases the chance of dying in a preferred place.AimTo investigate the prevalence and content of advance care planning for people having a lower limb amputation due to acute or chronic limb-threatening ischaemia or diabetes. Secondary aims were to explore its association with mortality, and length of hospital stay.DesignA retrospective observational cohort study. The intervention was advance care planning.Setting/participantsPatients admitted to the South West England Major Arterial Centre between 1 January 2019 and 1 January 2021 who received unilateral or bilateral below, above, or through knee amputation due to acute or chronic limb-threatening ischaemia or diabetes.Results116 patients were included in the study. 20.7% (n = 24) died within 1 year. 40.5% (n = 47) had an advance care planning discussion of which all included cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions with few exploring other options. Patients who were more likely to have advance care planning discussions were ≥75 years (aOR = 5.58, 95%CI 1.56–20.0), female (aOR = 3.24, 95%CI 1.21–8.69), and had multimorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥5, aOR = 2.97, 95%CI 1.11–7.92). Discussions occurred more often in the emergency pathway and were predominantly initiated by physicians. Advance care planning was associated with increased mortality (aHR = 2.63, 95%CI 1.01, 5.02) and longer hospital stay (aHR = 0.52, 95%CI 0.32–0.83).ConclusionsDespite a high risk of death for all patients in the months following amputation, advance care planning occurred in fewer than half of people and mostly focused on resuscitation.

Published
2023
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81. A study of Bethany Fellowship as an example of conservative North American evangelical missions

Author

Carter, Ben Michael

Subjects
270
Abstract

This thesis contains a history of Bethany Fellowship Missions against the background of developments in the North American Protestant missionary enterprise from 1945 until 1993. In chapters one and two I present the history of North American Protestant organisations and of post-World War II missions. In chapters three through five I discuss the history of Bethany Fellowship, its theology, and major changes that have occurred in the organisation since its inception. In chapters six through eight I discuss Bethany's missionary outreach in Brazil, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. In chapter nine I discuss developments in post-World War II missions and how those developments have affected Bethany's missionary programme. In chapter ten I discuss Bethany's missions' theory. In chapter eleven I draw my conclusions. My hypothesis in this thesis is that Bethany Fellowship Missions is a useful window into the world of conservative North American evangelical missions for two reasons. First, as a member of the Evangelical Foreign Mission Association, Bethany is an example of North American evangelical missions confessionally. Second, because of its distinctives it is also an example of the extraordinary complexity to be found among such missions.

Published
1995

86. Improving cancer symptom awareness and help-seeking among adults living in socioeconomically deprived communities in the UK using a facilitated health check: A protocol for the Awareness and Beliefs About Cancer (ABACus) Randomised Control Trial

Author

Moriarty, Yvonne, Townson, Julia, Quinn-Scoggins, Harriet, Padgett, Louise, Owen, Sioned, Smits, Stephanie, Playle, Rebecca, Dimitropoulou, Polyxeni, Sewell, Bernadette, Kolovou, Vasiliki, Buckle, Peter, Carter, Ben, Edwards, Adrian, Hepburn, Julie, Matthews, Maura, Mitchell, Caroline, Neal, Richard D, Robling, Michael, Wood, Fiona, and Brain, Kate

Published
2019
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87. Association between depression diagnosis and educational attainment trajectories: an historical cohort study using linked data.

Author

Wickersham, Alice, Carter, Ben, Jewell, Amelia, Ford, Tamsin, Stewart, Robert, and Downs, Johnny

Subjects
*RELATIVE medical risk, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *NOSOLOGY, *RESEARCH methodology, *MULTIPLE regression analysis, *COMMUNITIES, *MENTAL health, *ACADEMIC achievement, *RISK assessment, *MENTAL depression, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *CHI-squared test, *RESEARCH funding, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *DATA analysis software, *EDUCATIONAL attainment, *SECONDARY analysis, *EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research
Abstract

Background: Depression symptoms are thought to be associated with lower educational attainment, but patterns of change in attainment among those who receive a clinical diagnosis of depression at any point during childhood and adolescence remain unclear. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of an existing data linkage between a national educational dataset (National Pupil Database) and pseudonymised electronic health records (Clinical Record Interactive Search) from a large mental healthcare provider in London, United Kingdom (2007 to 2013). A cohort of 222,027 pupils were included. We used Growth Mixture Modelling (GMM) and stakeholder input to estimate trajectories of standardised educational attainment over School Years 2, 6 and 11. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were then used to investigate the association between resulting educational attainment trajectory membership (outcome) and depression diagnosis any time before age 18 (exposure). Results: A five‐trajectory GMM solution for attainment was derived: (1) average/high‐stable, (2) average‐modest declining, (3) average‐steep declining, (4) low‐improving and (5) low‐stable. After adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic covariates, having a depression diagnosis before age 18 was associated with occupying the average‐modest declining trajectory (RRR = 2.80, 95% CI 2.36–3.32, p <.001) or the average‐steep declining trajectory (RRR = 3.54, 95% CI 3.10–4.04, p <.001), as compared to the average/high‐stable trajectory. Conclusions: Receiving a diagnosis of depression before age 18 was associated with a relative decline in attainment throughout school. While these findings cannot support a causal direction, they nonetheless suggest a need for timely mental health and educational support among pupils struggling with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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89. Digital peer-to-peer support programme for informal caregivers of people living with motor neuron disease: study protocol for a multi-centre parallel group, single blinded (outcome assessor) randomised controlled superiority trial

Author

Rose, Louise, primary, Thaventhiran, Thilipan, additional, Hobson, Esther, additional, Rogers, Rebecca, additional, James, Kirsty, additional, Chu, Petrina, additional, Carter, Ben, additional, Faull, Christina, additional, Saha, Sian, additional, Lee, Jeong Su, additional, Kaltsaka, Georgios, additional, McDermott, Christopher, additional, and Ramsay, Michelle, additional

Published
2023
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