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Background Filamentous fungi are the main contamination agent in the viticultural sector. Use of synthetic fungicides is the regular answer to these contaminations. Nevertheless, due to several problems associated with the use of synthetic compounds the industry demands new and safer methods. In the present work, the biopreservation potential of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains was studied against the principal grape contaminant fungi. Results Agar diffusion test evidenced that all four culture-free supernatant (CFS) had antifungal properties against all tested fungi. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) test values evidenced that media fermented by the Lactobacillus plantarum E3 and Lactobacillus plantarum E4 strains showed the highest antifungal activity, resulting in an MFC from 6.3 to 100 g L-1 . Analysis of CFS evidenced the presence of different antifungal compounds, such as lactic acid, phenyllactic acid and pyrazines. In tests on red grapes, an average reduction of 1.32 Log10 of the spores per gram of fruit was achieved by all CFS in grapes inoculated with Aspergillus ochraceous and by 0.94 Log10 for L. plantarum E3 CFS against Botrytis cinerea. Conclusion The antifungal activity of the fermented CFS by L. plantarum E3 reduced the growth of B. cinerea and A. ochraceous in grapes, which are the main contaminant and main productor of ochratoxin A in these crops, respectively. Therefore, based on the results obtained in this work use of the strain L. plantarum E3 can be an interesting option for the biopreservation of grapes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Title: Sides and players. This article deals with the problem of the foundations of the distinction between the lawfulness and the unlawfulness of any act. The point of the text is that no reason genuinely legitimizes a generalized application of such a distinction. Legitimacy is something developed and constructed in players contexts, in which agents use the resources at their disposal to decide whether or not the differentiation required by law applies in cases of their concern. Thus, distinguishing agents manage to avoid being detected as practitioners of something that observers could identify as unlawful. The analysis draws on Niklas Luhmann's theory of social systems and theoretical discussions about play. Keywords: systems theory; Niklas Luhmann; attribution; play.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March, 2020. Since then, physical distancing measures such as confinement have been adopted by different governments to control human to human transmission. This study aimed to determine how confinement affects children’s routines, more specifically their physical activity (PA) and sedentary time. An online survey was launched to assess how Portuguese children under 13 years of age adjusted their daily routines to confinement. Parents reported the time each child was engaged in different activities throughout the day, which was used to calculate overall sedentary time and overall physical activity time. Based on the data of 2159 children, our study showed that during confinement: (i) there was a decrease in children’s physical activity time and an increase in screen time and family activities; (ii) boys engaged in more playful screen Time than girls (p, Highlights This study aimed to analyze how confinement affected children’s physical activity (PA) and sedentary time, during the COVID-19 pandemic, in Portugal. There was a decrease in children’s PA time, an increase in screen time, and family activities. The only sex differences were found on playful screen time and in play without PA. Along age groups, there was a trend for the increase of the overall sedentary time and an associated decrease of overall PA time. Low levels of PA among children have psychological, social, physical, and overall health implications that might persist in the long term.

The purpose of this study was to assess the motor competence of children with and without amblyopia. Study participants were 165 primary school children, aged 6–9 years, divided into three groups based on their visual acuity with the Snellen chart: (a) non-amblyopia, (b) corrected amblyopia, and (c) non-corrected amblyopia. We assessed the children’s motor competence with the Motor Competence Assessment battery (MCA) and their physical activity with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). The non-amblyopia group presented significantly better motor competence on the MCA than either the corrected amblyopia group or the non-corrected amblyopia group; there were no statistically significant motor differences between the two amblyopia subgroups. Amblyopia versus non-amblyopia differences on the MCA were mainly in stability and locomotor components, involving dynamic balance and the change of spatial position and direction of movement, but not in the manipulative component (ball throwing velocity and ball kicking velocity). Predictably, from within an integrated visual motor perspective of child development, our findings suggest that intact vision played an important role in children’s motor competence. The development of fundamental motor skills, especially of stability and locomotor skills, may be affected by poor visual processing in that participants with uncorrected amblyopia showed poor movement accuracy, uncoordinated movement, and impaired balance.

The presence of mycotoxigenic fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium genera represents a problem in food preservation and consequently, its spoilage. During the fermentation process with lactic acid bacteria, a range of secondary metabolites associated with beneficial health effects were released. In the present study, goat whey fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (CECT 220, 221, 223, and 748) species has shown a satisfactory inhibitory effect against 28 fungi, showing for certain species of Fusarium genus and also, for Aspergillus steynii, a value of minimum inhibitory concentration until 1.95 g/L. In addition, phenyllactic acid was identified in each sample of fermented whey at a concentration ranged from 0.34 to 1.21 mg/L. These results suggest the possible use of fermented whey as a source of new preservatives of natural origin to incorporate in food matrices for the purpose of improving the shelf life. Practical Application: Whey could be a good candidate for use as a natural antifungal agent to incorporate in food matrices. Whey could be used to prevent specific fungal growth that naturally occurs in food preparations. Consequentially, whey could enhance the shelf life of edible products.

Nowadays, there is an increasing concern regarding the shelf life of food products, leading producers to research natural antimicrobial agents to use in food preparation. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity of Lactobacillus plantarum fermented whey and then added the whey during preparation of pita bread to study shelf-life improvement. The fermented whey showed a satisfactory inhibitory (antifungal) effect against Penicillium expansum and Penicillium brevicompactum strains: the minimum inhibitory and minimum fungicidal concentrations ranged from 3.9 to 39.0 g/L and from 62.5 to 250 g/L, respectively. Addition of fermented whey increased the shelf life of the pita bread. After inoculation of the bread surface with Penicillium, an increase in shelf life until d 8 was achieved compared with the positive control, whereas under natural contamination conditions, an extension of shelf life until d 19 was observed. In terms of antimicrobial activity, the greatest reduction (100%) in fungal growth was achieved when all of the water in the dough was replaced with fermented whey. An untrained sensory panel could not identify differences between bread produced with fermented whey and control pita breads. These results suggest the possibility of using fermented whey in food preservation.

The paper analyzes the suicide records of death certificates (DC) of Itabuna and around (Bahia) between 2010 and 2012, comparing them with the corresponding information recorded in DataSUS . The data contained in the DC of the Forensic Institute Itabuna were analyzed with a follow-up of their registration flow, comparing them with the DataSUS final data. The research results show: suicide frequency data for the period and region based on DC; comparison between the frequencies obtained in the primary source and DataSUS; steps of the registration flow; problems that contribute to underreporting. O artigo analisa os registros de suicídio nas declarações de óbito (DOs) das cidades de Itabuna e adjacentes (Bahia) para o período 2010-2012 e compara-os com as informações correspondentes registradas no DataSUS. Analisaram-se os dados das DOs dessas cidades arquivadas no IML de Itabuna e o seu fluxo de registro, comparando-os com os dados finais do DataSUS. Como resultados de pesquisa o artigo apresenta: dados de frequência de suicídio para o período e região com base nas DOs; comparação entre as frequências obtidas na fonte primária e no DataSUS; descrição das etapas do fluxo do registro; problemas que contribuem para a subnotificação.

The phenolic extracts obtained from rice bran cultivated with Rhizopus oryzae were evaluated about their abitily to inhibit the production of trichotecenes and emerging mycotoxins by Fusarium strains on sweet corn cobs (Zea mays L.). The rice bran was cultured with R. oryzae for 48 h at 30 °C. The phenolic compounds were extracted, clarified, lyophilized and ressuspend as water solution with different concentrations. The phenolic acid extracts were applied on sweet corn inoculated by F. cerealis, F. graminearum and F. poae incubated by 15 days at 25 °C and afterward the fermented corn was autoclaved and frozen. The mycotoxins were quantified by LC-MS/MS. The mycotoxin production by all Fusarium strains evaluated was reduced in relation to the control. F. poae was the most sensitive, because its production of the toxins T-2 and HT-2 and BEA was inhibited by phenolic extract 0,5% (p/v), while extract 1% (p/v) inhibited 96% of the DON production. DON, 3ADON and 15ADON production by F. graminearum and F. cerealis was also reduced. Therefore, the extract is a promising antimicotoxinogenic against Fusarium toxins production on sweet corn cobs and should be a good alternative to reuse wastes from agroindustry.

(1) Background: This study was aimed at determining the in vitro inhibitory effect of new natural substances obtained by minimal processing from shrimp wastes on fungi and oomycetes in the genera Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Penicillium, Plenodomus and Phytophthora, the effectiveness of the substance with the highest in vitro activity in preventing citrus and apple fruit rot incited by P. digitatum and P. expansum, respectively, was also evaluated. (2) Methods: The four tested substances, water-extract, EtOAc-extract, MetOH-extract and nitric-extract, were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS-TOF, in vitro preliminary tests were carried out to determine the minimal inhibitory/fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC, respectively) of the raw dry powder, EtOAc-extract, MetOH-extract and nitric-extract for each pathogen. (3) Results: in the agar-diffusion-assay, nitric-extract showed an inhibitory effect on all pathogens, at all concentrations tested (100, 75, 50 and 25%), the maximum activity was on Plenodomus tracheiphilus, C. gloeosporioides and Ph. nicotianae, the diameters of inhibition halos were directly proportional to the extract concentration, values of MIC and MFC of this extract for all pathogens ranged from 2 to 3.5%, the highest concentrations (50 to 100%) tested in vivo were effective in preventing citrus and apple fruit molds. (4) Conclusions: This study contributes to the search for natural and ecofriendly substances for the control of pre- and post-harvest plant pathogens.

Maria de França foi uma poetisa medieval que escreveu em Francês Antigo no século XII. Sua obra mais conhecida, Lais, é uma recontagem de diversas histórias folclóricas orais conhecidas na época. As personagens femininas destes lais, no entanto, são apresentadas como mulheres com clara consciência de sua perspectiva feminina frente às adversidades da sociedade feudal. Lendo os Lais com uma visão feminina (e em certos casos feminista) podemos ver como a autora criticou ativamente o modelo da ordem social em sua época e como suas críticas condizem com o abuso das mulheres em seu século. Partindo primeiramente de cenas nos lais de “Guigemar”, “Yonec”, “Equitan” e “Milun” discutiremos como a autora criticou a sociedade machista na qual estava inserida. Demonstraremos também como suas palavras nos mostram um tom de condenação a uma sociedade que ditava que a mulher deveria ser inteiramente submissa a seus parentes masculinos e a seu marido. Utilizaremos os estudos de Georges Duby nos quais ele versou sobre o papel da mulher na sociedade conjugal da Idade Média para ilustrar a perspectiva feminina medieval que a autora expôs, além de vários outros autores e historiadores que estudaram a obra de Maria de França com a consciência do feminino em sua escrita.

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by various genera of fungi. Fungi belonging to species of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium are the main source of ochratoxin A (OTA) in wine. The reduction of OTA in must and wine has been studied using physical, chemical, and biological technologies. In this paper, we report on the capacity of different cultures isolated from Tempranillo winegrapes contaminated with fungus to degrade OTA in tryptic soy broth (TSB) medium at pH 3.5 and 6.5. We studied the interaction between OTA and four isolates during alcoholic fermentation of red wine. This study showed that microorganism isolates reduced the content of OTA in TSB medium and in the wine experiment system. The bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus exhibited the greatest mean reduction of OTA in TSB medium at both pH values (55%). During the wine fermentation, the yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima showed the most reduction of OTA (34%). Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify OTA degradation products, particularly α-OTA (m/z = 257) and the sodium adduct of α-OTA with the loss of the coumarin group (m/z = 170). The presence of OTA in must and wines is a problem for food safety. The use of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts during the winemaking process presents an interesting practical solution.

Questo dossiê è stato proposto subito dopo la publicazione della Costituzione apostolica Veritatis gaudium, sulle università e sulle facoltà, che papa Francesco ha firmato il 29 gennaio 2018, per aprire uno spazio alla publicazione di articoli sull’argomento, dal momento che la pubblicazione della costituzione di ha aperto nuovi scenari, anche, e soprattutto, nel campo del dialogo ecumenico e interreligioso.

Highlights • Portuguese children (boys and girls) outperformed U.S. children in the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run test; additionally, Portuguese boys displayed better performance in the standing long jump. • Portuguese children demonstrated lower levels of handgrip strength and throwing speed than U.S. children. • There were no differences in kicking speed between boys from the 2 countries; however, the older group of U.S. girls demonstrated better performance than Portuguese girls. • Physical education curricula and sports participation may explain the differences between the countries., Background Motor competence and health-related fitness are important components for the development and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in children. This study examined cross-cultural performances on motor competence and health-related fitness between Portuguese and U.S. children. Methods Portuguese (n = 508; 10.14 ± 2.13 years , mean ± SD) and U.S. (n = 710; 9.48 ± 1.62 years) children performed tests of cardiorespiratory fitness (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run), upper body strength (handgrip), locomotor skill performance (standing long jump), and object projection skill performance (throwing and kicking). Portuguese and U.S. children were divided into 2 age groups (6–9 and 10–13 years) for data analysis purposes. A two–factor one–way analysis of covariance (ANOVA) was conducted with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run, handgrip, standing long jump scores, kicking, and throwing speed (km/h) as dependent variables. Results Results indicated that Portuguese children, irrespective of sex, presented better performances in locomotor and cardiorespiratory performance (standing long jump and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) than U.S. children in both age bands. U.S. children outperformed Portuguese children during throwing and handgrip tests. Kicking tests presented gender differences: Portuguese boys and U.S. girls outperformed their internationally matched counterparts. Conclusion Cultural differences in physical education curricula and sports participation may impact differences in motor competence and fitness development in these countries.

Fungal spoilage is one of the main reasons of economic losses in the food industry, especially in the wine sector. Consequently, the search for safer and new preservation techniques has gained importance in recent years. The objective of this study was to investigate the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activity from 28 microorganisms (MO) isolated from red grape. The antifungal activity of a cell free supernatant of fermented medium by the isolated MO (CFS) was tested with the agar diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) assay. Additionally, different antifungal compounds from the CFS were identified and quantified (organic acids, phenolic compounds, and volatile organic compounds). Finally, the most active CFS were tested as red grape bio-preservative agents. Results evidenced that CFS fermented by the strain UTA 6 had the highest antifungal activity, above all isolates, and produced a wide pool of antifungal compounds. The use of UTA 6 CFS as bio-preservative agent showed a reduction of 0.4 and 0.6 log10 spores per gram of fruit in grapes contaminated by A. flavus and B. cinerea, respectively. Moreover, UTA 6 CFS treatment reduced the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin (B2, B3, and B4) production in grapes contaminated by 28–100%.

Post-harvest fungal diseases of plant products are a serious concern leading to economic losses and health risks. Moreover, the use of synthetic chemical fungicides to prevent these diseases is limited due to toxic residues. This study aimed at determining the effective dose of extracts of Trichoderma&nbsp, asperellum IMI393899 (TE1) and Trichoderma&nbsp, atroviride TS (TE2) in inhibiting the contamination by mycotoxigenic fungi on different plant matrices. Extracts were tested on tomatoes contaminated by Fusarium&nbsp, verticillioides and Fusarium&nbsp, graminearum, wheat contaminated by Penicillium&nbsp, verrucosum and maize contaminated by Aspergillus&nbsp, flavus. The efficacy of extracts was evaluated at two time intervals after treatment, 4 and 11 days for tomato, and 10 and 20 days for both wheat and maize. Both extracts showed a significant inhibitory activity on mycotoxigenic pathogens and significantly reduced Log CFU/g compared to the control. Moreover, the extracts reduced mycotoxin production in a dose dependent manner and with a long-lasting effect. The ochratoxin A was reduced by both extracts but only the extract TE2 was effective in reducing aflatoxins, whereas TE1 treatment increased their synthesis.

Supplementary material

Supplementary material

RESUMO Adaptou-se para o português do Brasil o Motor Competence Assessment (MCA). Dois profissionais proficientes em português do Brasil traduziram, de forma independente, o MCA para a língua portuguesa (T1 e T2). Em seguida, gerou-se a versão traduzida de consenso (TU). Dois tradutores realizaram duas retroversões para português de Portugal (RT1 e RT2) da versão TU. Um novo processo de consenso entre tradutores e pesquisadores resultou em uma versão em português de Portugal (RTfinal), que foi comparada à versão original em busca de possíveis diferenças semânticas. A versão do instrumento em português do Brasil (TU), denominada “Avaliação da Competência Motora”, foi revisada por uma comissão de especialistas composta por um fisioterapeuta e dois educadores físicos para verificação do conteúdo, o que gerou a segunda versão de concordância (Tfinal). A Tfinal foi encaminhada a um dos autores da avaliação original para verificar a pertinência da versão em português do Brasil. Após essa etapa, 20 fisioterapeutas e 20 educadores físicos verificaram a aplicabilidade da avaliação. O MCA foi, então, adaptado culturalmente para o Brasil, sendo um instrumento relevante dado que ele avalia a competência motora sem limite de idade, podendo auxiliar no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento motor de indivíduos. RESUMEN Se adaptó al portugués brasileño la Motor Competence Assessment (MCA). Dos profesionales con dominio del portugués brasileño tradujeron de forma independiente la MCA al portugués (T1 y T2). Luego, se generó una versión traducida por consenso (TU). Dos traductores realizaron dos retrotraducciones al portugués de Portugal (RT1 y RT2) de la versión TU. Un nuevo proceso de consenso entre traductores e investigadores dio como resultado una versión al portugués de Portugal (RTfinal), que se comparó con la versión original en busca de posibles diferencias semánticas. La versión del instrumento en portugués brasileño (TU), denominada “Evaluación de la Competencia Motora”, fue revisada por un comité de especialistas compuesto por un fisioterapeuta y dos educadores físicos para verificar el contenido, lo que generó la segunda versión de acuerdo (Tfinal). La Tfinal fue enviada a uno de los autores de la evaluación original para verificar la relevancia de la versión al portugués brasileño. Luego, 20 fisioterapeutas y 20 educadores físicos verificaron la aplicabilidad de la evaluación. Así la MCA tuvo adaptación cultural para Brasil y resulta ser un instrumento relevante para evaluar la competencia motora sin límite de edad y ayudar en el seguimiento del desarrollo motor de los individuos. ABSTRACT We adapted the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) to Brazilian Portuguese. Two professionals proficient in Brazilian Portuguese independently translated the MCA into the Portuguese language (T1 and T2). Then, the translated version of consensus (TU) was generated. Two translators performed two back-translations in European Portuguese (BT1 and BT2) of the TU version. A new consensus process between translators and researchers resulted in a European Portuguese version (BTfinal), which was compared to the original version in search of possible semantic differences. A committee of experts, composed of a physical therapist and two physical educators to verify the content, reviewed the version of the instrument in Brazilian Portuguese (TU), called “Avaliação da Competência Motora,” which generated the second version of agreement (Tfinal). We sent the Tfinal to one of the authors of the original evaluation to verify the relevance of the Brazilian Portuguese version. After this step, 20 physical therapists and 20 physical educators verified the applicability of the evaluation model. The MCA was then culturally adapted for Brazil. It is a relevant instrument as it evaluates motor competence without age limit, and can assist in monitoring the motor development of individuals.

RESUMO O artigo analisa os registros de suicídio nas declarações de óbito (DOs) das cidades de Itabuna e adjacentes (Bahia) para o período 2010-2012 e compara-os com as informações correspondentes registradas no DataSUS. Analisaram-se os dados das DOs dessas cidades arquivadas no IML de Itabuna e o seu fluxo de registro, comparando-os com os dados finais do DataSUS. Como resultados de pesquisa o artigo apresenta: dados de frequência de suicídio para o período e região com base nas DOs; comparação entre as frequências obtidas na fonte primária e no DataSUS; descrição das etapas do fluxo do registro; problemas que contribuem para a subnotificação. ABSTRACT Analysis of the Suicide Registry Flow between the Forensic Institute (IML) and DataSUS analyzes the suicide records of death certificates (DC) of Itabuna and around (Bahia) between 2010 and 2012, comparing them with the corresponding information recorded in DataSUS . The data contained in the DC of the Forensic Institute Itabuna were analyzed with a follow-up of their registration flow, comparing them with the DataSUS final data. The research results show: suicide frequency data for the period and region based on DC; comparison between the frequencies obtained in the primary source and DataSUS; steps of the registration flow; problems that contribute to underreporting.

The Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) is an innovative instrument to assess motor competence along the lifespan. The MCA model and normative values were recently established from the age of 3-to-23 years old. The purpose of this study was to validate MCA from early childhood to young adulthood. One thousand participants representing four age groups (3–6, 7–10, 11–16, 17–22 years) with 250 participants each, were assessed. Invariance of the MCA model along the age groups–configural, metric and structural–was tested using multigroup CFA. The MCA model showed to fit well all age groups. The multigroup unconstrained model showed a very good fit (NFI=0.99; TLI=0.99; CFI=0.99; RMSEA=0.03). A formal test for the invariance of loading coefficients returned a non-satisfactory goodness-of-fit adjustment and a significant difference with the unconstrained model (Δχ2 = 539.57; Δdf = 18; p= .00). The structural invariance testing did not show formal invariance between factor correlations (Δχ2 = 73.04; Δdf = 9; p= .00) but the fit of the model was acceptable (above 0.96 and a RMSEA of 0.05), indicating that correlation values inter factors are stable. This study adds information for the validation of the MCA as a useful instrument for assessing motor competence throughout the life cycle. This work was supported by the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [UIDB/00447/2020 (unit 447)]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [UID04045/2020]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [UID04045/2020]; Regional Operational Program North 2020 [Norte-01-0145-FEDER -000043]; Regional Operational Program North 2020 [Norte-01-0145FEDER-000043]. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A total of nine isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from tomato and sourdough with antifungal activity were employed to revaluate the whey of Mozzarella di Bufala through the fermentation process for 72 h at 37 °C. Then, the fermented whey (BWF) was characterised and used as biopreservative in bread formulation. L. plantarum TR7 and L. plantarum TR2 strains showed average lactic acid concentration in BWF of 13.8 g L 1. Also, the bread volatile organic compounds (VOC) analysis showed an increase in hexanal, benzeneacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde and pyrazine tetramethyl when using BWF as ingredient. Moreover, the DPPH-inhibitory activity of bread with BWF extract also reflected a 33% rise in comparison with control bread. The application of BWF as a biopreservation agent in bread showed an increase in shelf life compared with bread with 0.3% calcium propionate and bread control for 2 and 15 days, respectively. BWF can be used as an interesting biopreservation strategy of bread.

Tunnel construction is important to reduce the length of the geometric road design as well as the environmental impact. However, its construction is one of the most complex challenges due to the variability of the geotechnical properties. Stability of the tunnels in rock can be compromised for the rock mass deterioration which can cause faults during and after construction. Deterioration rate depends on the rock properties together with the environmental factors. Rock deterioration predictions can be achieved by in situ explorations and by performing laboratory tests. One important test is the slake durability, since it considers wetting and drying cycles subjected to the material wastage. This paper is focused on determining and obtaining relationships of the durability of ignimbrites from Morelia, Mexico. The ignimbrite was obtained from one geotechnical borehole of 100 m of length on the axis of a road tunnel and the physical and mechanical properties of the ignimbrites were determined, hence the deterioration of the rocks. This last, was measured using five cycles instead of the two cycles considered in the Normative. Results obtained show that from the third cycle, a constant deterioration of the rock is observed impacting in the slake durability index (Id) and furthermore, it depends in the rock hardness. The Id after the fifth cycle (Id5) was associated to estimate the physical and mechanical properties of the ignimbrites. It was found that the increase in Id5 correlates with the increase in density, compressive strength, tensile strength, P-wave velocity and decrease in porosity and absorption.

The present report aims to describe the macroscopic and histopathological findings of a canine with myelolipoma in the left adrenal gland. Although the adrenal gland tumors are frequentlyfoundin dogs, myelolipomas are generally found in cattle or primates and uncommon in other species. A corpse of a mixed-breedcanine, with a clinical diagnosis of acute kidney disease, was referred to the Pathology Laboratory for necropsy. At the opening of the abdominal cavity, a vascular mass medial to the left edge surroundingthe renal hilumwas detected. The left kidney had a higher volume. The mass was microscopically diagnosed as myelolipoma, and changes were found in the left kidney, suggesting renal ischemia. The diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma was considered an incidental necropsy finding, which was thecause of the death of this canine, while theorigin of the bilateral kidney disease was not provided. Although this tumor was not directly related to the death of the animal compatible with ischemia in the left border, benign adrenal tumors, such as myelolipoma,could generate compression at the border.

Objectives To understand the role of household variables on the percentage of physical activity (%PA) during the COVID-19 confinement in Portugal. Study Design A Cross-sectional study design using an anonymous online survey was launched to assess how Portuguese families with children under 13 years of age adjusted their daily routines to the confinement. Methods Separate ANOVAs were performed to investigate how factors, such as the number of children, age, sex, the housing characteristics, and the adults’ job situation, can affect the percentage of time for physical activity (%PA). Results Findings, based on data from 2159 children, indicate that: I) Boys and girls did not differ in the %PA on any of the age groups; II) Children with an outdoor space and who had other children in the household were significantly more active (p, Highlights • This study analyzes the role of household variables on the %PA of children under 13 years old, in confinement due to the COVID-19 situation. • Although confined to their house, boys and girls still allocate some time to PA tasks. • For children of both sexes and of all ages, the %PA showed to be positively affected by the existence of a big outdoor space, and by the presence of other children in the house. A negative effect was found when all adults were working from home. • Parents must be aware of the need to prioritize PA time for their children, and governments can regulate about both parents working from home when there are children confined with them.

Objective To know how confinement affects children’s routines, more specifically their physical activity (PA) and sedentary time.MethodsAn online survey was launched to assess how Portuguese children under 13 years of age are adjusting their daily routines to confinement. Parents reported the daily time each child was engaged in different activities, which were used to calculate overall sedentary time and overall physical activity time.Results: Data from 2159 children, indicated that during confinement: i) there was a decrease in children’s physical activity time (72.3%); and an increase in screen time (71.3%) and family activities (83.9%); ii) the only sex differences were found on Playful Screen Time (boys > girls) and in Play without PA (girls > boys); iii) along age groups, there was a trend for the increase of the overall sedentary time and a complementary decrease of overall physical activity time (both F(3,2097) =97.951, p < .001).Conclusion: Overall, PA of confined children showed low levels and a clear decreasing trend along childhood. Conjoint family and societal strategies to target specific age groups should be organized in the future.

The impact of fermentation assisted by four different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on polyphenols, carotenoids, organic acids, and antioxidant capacity of orange-juice milk based beverages was evaluated. Lactobacillus brevis POM, and Lactobacillus plantarum (TR-7, TR-71, TR-14) were used to promote the fermentation of the beverages for 72 h at 37 °C. The bacteria population increased with the elapse of fermentation period, except for beverages inoculated with L. plantarum TR-7. After fermentation period, total polyphenols, total carotenoids and total antioxidant capacity were increased compared to the control ones (non-fermented). Two phenolic acids (DL-3-phenylactic acid and 3–4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid) and lactic acid were identified after 72 h fermentation. Overall, it is possible to conclude that orange-juice milk beverages are a good medium for the growth of L. brevis POM, and L. plantarum (TR-71, TR-14), observing higher antioxidant properties in the fermented beverages compared to the control ones.

One of the main needs of the modern society is the availability of low-cost energy sources, and the solar energy arises as an interesting alternative for both the generation of heat and electricity. In this work, a low-cost solar energy reservoir is proposed for domestic water heating. It is comprised of a thermoplastic (polyethylene) water tank thermally insulated by means of two different polymeric coatings, an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber foam, NBR, and a metalized polyester layer. The solar system also contains a flat collector based on a ceiling panel made of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, coated with carbon black-filled glaze. The system design is cost-effective because of all the parts involved in the solar heating are made from commodity plastic materials. These plastic components present wide commercial availability and are easily handled, so that they can be rapidly assembled to build the entire system. Therefore, the solar heating system is simple, modular and easy-scalable, and may be even self-manufactured by the final user. It is an affordable option to the traditional high-cost copper, aluminum and glass solar panels and boilers or tanks used for heat storage.

This paper presents the first inventory and environmental impact study of the life cycle of coal obtained from a surface mine in Brazil. Significant reserves of coal in Brazil have attracted the attention of investors interested in building chemical and power generation plants. This inventory was developed to serve as a database for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies, considering especially the impact of greenhouse gases, since there is no such information in the literature. The inventory collected data in situ, regarding the main pieces of equipment, inputs to the plant, and the direct emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), covering different stages of the coal mining and processing, as well as the indirect emissions of GHG from the production and transportation of inputs. The coal life cycle emissions were equal to 3.29 × 10−2 kg CO2eq per kg of coal, of which direct emissions accounted for 98.3% of GHG, in which the major part was due to fugitive methane emissions from surface mining and post-mining coal crushing and handling operations. Additionally, the results of a sensitivity analysis showed that the diesel oil consumption was the most influential parameter of life cycle emission in terms of the inputs regarded.

In this study the antifungal potential of a phenolic extract obtained from rice bran fermented with Rhizopus oryzae CECT 7560 and its application in the elaboration of bread was assessed.; Results: Eighteen compounds with antifungal potential were identified by LC-ESI-qTOF-MS in the extract: organic acids, gallates and gallotannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and benzophenone derivatives. The extract was active against strains of Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 390 to 3100 µg mL-1 and minimum fungicidal concentration variable from 780 to 6300 µg mL-1 . The strains that were most sensitive to the phenolic extract were F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, P. roqueforti, P. expansum and A. niger. The phenolic extract added at 5 and 1 g kg-1 concentrations in the preparation of bread loaves contaminated with P. expansum produced a reduction of 0.6 and 0.7 log CFU g-1 . The bread loaves treated with calcium propionate and 10 g kg-1 of the phenolic extract evidenced an improvement in their shelf lives of 3 days.; Conclusion: The phenolic extract assessed in this study could be considered as an alternative for inhibiting toxigenic fungi and as a substitute for synthetic compounds in food preservation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.